CHAPTER – 3

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Exercise 3.1
Page No 3.12:
Question 1: Akhila went to a fair in her village. She wanted to enjoy rides
in the Giant Wheel and play Hoopla (a game in which you throw a rig on
the items kept in the stall, and if the ring covers any object completely you

T IO S
get it.) The number of times she played Hoopla is half the number of rides
she had on the Giant Wheel. Each ride costs Rs 3, and a game of Hoopla

I
NO A D
costs Rs 4. If she spent Rs 20 in the fair, represent this situation

CO N
algebraically and graphically.
A

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A

Let no. of ride is 𝑥 and no. of Hoopla is 𝑦.He paid Rs 20 for 𝑥 ride and 𝑦
T
ED PR

for Hoopla.
The cost of ride is Rs 3 and cost of Hoopla is Rs 4.then 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20
C

The number of Hoopla is the half number of ride, then

©

1
⇒𝑦= 𝑥
2

⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
Hence algebraic equations are 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
Now, we draw the graph for algebraic equations.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 3.12:

PY
Question 2: Aftab tells his daughter, "Seven years ago, I was seven times
DO U A

as old as you were then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times
T
ED PR

as old as you will be". Is not this interesting? Represent this situation
algebraically and graphically.
C

ANSWER:
©

Let age of Aftab is 𝑥 years and age of his daughter is 𝑦 years. 7 Years
ago his age was 7 times older as her daughter was. Then
⇒ 𝑦 − 7 = 7(𝑥 − 7)
⇒ 𝑦 − 7 = 7𝑥 − 49
⇒ 𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 42 = 0 … … (1)
Three years from now, he will be three times older as his daughter will
be, then
⇒ 𝑦 + 3 = 3(𝑥 + 3)
⇒ 𝑦 + 3 = 3𝑥 + 9
⇒ 𝑦 − 3𝑥 − 6 = 0 … … (2)
Hence the algebraic representation are 𝑦 − 3𝑥 − 6 = 0 and 𝑦 − 7𝑥 +
42 = 0

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Page No 3.12:
Question 3: The path of a train A is given by the equation 3x + 4y − 12 =
0 and the path of another train B is given by the equation 6x + 8y − 48 =
0. Represent this situation graphically.
ANSWER:
The given equation are 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 and 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 48 = 0.
In order to represent the above pair of linear equation graphically, we need
Two points on the line representing each equation. That is, we find two
solutions
of each equation as given below:
We have,
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0
Putting 𝑦 = 0, we get
3𝑥 + 0 − 12 = 0
⇒𝑥=4
Putting 𝑥 = 0 we get
0 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0

T IO S
⇒𝑦=3

I
Thus, two solution of equation 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 are
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 0 4
A
𝑦 3 0

PY
DO U A

We have 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 48 = 0
T
ED PR

Putting 𝑦 = 0, we get
6𝑥 + 0 − 48 = 0
C
©

⇒𝑥=8
Putting 𝑥 = 8 we get
0 + 8𝑦 − 48 = 0
⇒𝑦=6
Thus, two solution of equation 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 48 = 0 are
𝑥 0 8
𝑦 6 0
Now we plot the point 𝐴(4,0) and 𝐵(0,3) and draw a line passing through
These two points to get the graph o the line represented by equation (1)
We also plot the points 𝐶 (8,0) and 𝐷 (0,6) and draw a line passing
through
These two points to get the graph O the line represented by equation(2)
We observe that the line parallel and they do not intersect anywhere.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Page No 3.12:
Question 4: Gloria is walking along the path joining (−2, 3) and (2, −2),
while Suresh is walking along the path joining (0, 5) and (4, 0). Represent
this situation graphically.
ANSWER:
Gloria is walking the path joining (−2, 3) and (2, −2)
Suresh is walking the path joining (0, 5) and (4, 0).
𝑥 −2 2
𝑦 3 −2
 𝑥 0 4
𝑦 5 0
The graphical representations are

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.12:
C

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐
©

Question 5: On comparing the ratios , and 1 , and without drawing

𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
them, find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of
linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel or coincide :

(i) 5x − 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y − 9 = 0

(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0

(iii) 6x − 3y + 10 = 0
2x − y + 9 = 0
ANSWER:
(i) Given equation are: 5x + 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y − 9 = 0
Where, 𝑎1 = 5, 𝑏1 = −4, 𝑐1 = 8
𝑎2 = 7, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = −9
𝑎1 5 𝑏1 −4 −2 𝑐1 8 𝑎1 𝑏1
We have = , = = And = ⇒ ≠
𝑎2 7 𝑏2 6 3 𝑐2 −9 𝑎2 𝑏2

Thus the pair of linear equation is intersecting.

T IO S
(ii) Given equation are: 9x + 3y + 12 = 0

I
NO A D
18x + 6y + 24 = 0

CO N
A
Where, 𝑎1 = 9, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐1 = 12

PY
𝑎2 = 18, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = 24
DO U A
T 𝑎1 9 𝑏1 3 𝑐1 12
We have = , = =
ED PR

𝑎2 18 𝑏2 6 𝑐2 24
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 1
⇒ = = =
C

𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 2
©

Thus the pair of linear is coincident lines.

(iii) Given equation are: 6𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10 = 0
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 9 = 0
Where, 𝑎1 = 6, 𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐1 = 10
𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏2 = −1, 𝑐2 = 9
𝑎1 6 𝑏1 −3 𝑐1 10
We have = , = =
𝑎2 2 𝑏2 −1 𝑐2 9
𝑎1 𝑏1
⇒ = =3
𝑎2 𝑏2

Thus the pair of line is parallel lines.

 Page No 3.12:
Question 6: Given the linear equation 2x + 3y − 8 = 0, write another
linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation
of the pair so formed is :

(i) intersecting lines

(ii) parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
(i) Given the linear equation are: 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 8 = 0
NO A D
CO N
We know that intersecting condition:
A
𝑎1 𝑏1

PY
≠
DO U A
𝑎2 𝑏2
T
Where 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐1 = −8
ED PR

Hence the equation of other line is 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 = 0

C

𝑎1 𝑏1
(ii) We know that parallel line condition is: =
©

𝑎2 𝑏2

Where 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐1 = −8
Hence the equation is 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 12 = 0
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
(iii) We know that coincident line condition is: = =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Where 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐1 = −8
Hence the equation is 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 16 = 0
 Page No 3.12:
Question 7: The cost of 2kg of apples and 1 kg of grapes on a day was
found to be Rs 160. After a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2kg of
grapes is Rs. 300 Represent th situation algebraically and geometrically.
ANSWER:
Let the cost of 1 kg of apples be Rs x.
And, cost of 1 kg of grapes = Rs y

T IO S
According to the question, the algebraic representation is

I
NO A D
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 160

CO N
A
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 300

PY
For 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16,
DO U A
T
𝑦 = 160 − 2𝑥
ED PR

The solution table is

C

x 50 60 70
©

y 60 40 20

For 4x + 2y = 300,
300−4𝑥
𝑦=
2

The solution table is

x 70 80 75
y 10 –10 0
The graphical representation is as follows.
 ©
ED PR
DO U A
C
NO A D A
T
T IO S I
CO N
PY
 Exercise 3.2
Page No 3.29:
Question 1: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

x+y=3
2x + 5y = 12
ANSWER:

T IO S
The given equations are:

I
x+y=3 …(i)
NO A D
2x + 5y = 12 …(ii)

CO N
A
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

PY
DO U A
⇒0+𝑦 =3
T
ED PR

⇒𝑦=3
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 3
C

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

©

⇒𝑥+0=3
⇒𝑥=3
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 3
𝑦 3 0
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(3,0) from table.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

Graph of the equation (𝑖𝑖):

©

⇒ 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 12 … … (𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 + 5𝑦 = 12
⇒ 5𝑦 = 12
12
⇒𝑦=
5
12
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
5

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

⇒ 2𝑥 + 5 × 0 = 12
⇒ 2𝑥 = 12
⇒𝑥=6
𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 6
𝑦 12 0
5
12
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) , 𝐷(6,0) from the
5

T IO S
table.

I
NO A D
The two lines intersect at point P(1,2).

CO N
A
Hence, 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 2 is the solution.

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 3.29:
ED PR

Question 2: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

C

x − 2y = 5
©

2x + 3y = 10
ANSWER:
The given equations are
x − 2y = 5 …….(𝑖)
2x + 3y = 10 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 0 − 2𝑦 = 5
−5
⇒𝑦=
2
−5
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
2
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖),we get:
⇒𝑥+2×0=5
⇒𝑥=5
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 5
−5

T IO S
𝑦 0
2

I
NO A D
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴 (0,
−5
) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 (5,0) from

CO N
2
A
table.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Graph the equation (𝑖𝑖):

⇒ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 + 3𝑦 = 10
10
⇒𝑦=
3
10
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
3

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:

⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 × 0 = 10

T IO S
⇒𝑥=5

I
NO A D
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 0

CO N
A
Use the following table to draw the graph.

PY
DO U A
𝑥 0 5
T
10
ED PR

𝑦 0
3
10
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(5,0) from
C

3
©

table.
The two lines intersects at point B(5,0).
Hence 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 0 is the solution

Page No 3.29:
Question 3: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

3x + y + 1 = 0
2x − 3y + 8 = 0
ANSWER:
The given equations are
3x + y + 1 = 0 ………(𝑖)
2x − 3y + 8 = 0 ………(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 + 𝑦 = −1
⇒ 𝑦 = −1
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −1
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

T IO S
⇒ 3𝑥 + 0 = −1

I
NO A D
−1

CO N
⇒𝑥=
A
3
−1

PY
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
DO U A
3
T
Use the following table to draw the graph.
ED PR

0 –1/3
C

–1 0
©

−1
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0, −1)and 𝐵 ( , 0) from
3
table.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Graph of the equation…. (𝑖𝑖).

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −8 …….(𝑖𝑖)
C
©

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get

⇒ 2 × 0 − 3𝑦 = −8
8
⇒𝑦=
3
8
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
3

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get

⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 × 0 = −8
⇒ 𝑥 = −4
𝑥 = −4, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
 𝑥 0 –4
𝑦 8 0
3
8
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 (−4,0) from
3
table.
The two lines intersect at points P (−1,2).
Hence 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = 2 is the solution.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 3.29:

CO N
A
Question 4: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

PY
DO U A
2x + y − 3 = 0
T
2x − 3y − 7 = 0
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

The given equations are

©

⇒ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 ……(𝑖)
⇒ 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7 …….(𝑖𝑖)

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:

⇒2×0+𝑦 =3
⇒𝑦=3
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=3
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2𝑥 + 0 = 3
 3
⇒𝑥=
2
3
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
2

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 3
2

𝑦 3 0
3

T IO S
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,3)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 ( , 0) from
2

I
table.
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Graph of the equation…. (𝑖𝑖):

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 − 3𝑦 = 7
−7
⇒𝑦=
3
 −7
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
3

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get

⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 × 0 = 7
7
⇒𝑥=
2
7
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
2

T IO S I
Use the following table to draw the graph.
NO A D 7

CO N
𝑥 0
A
2
−7

PY
𝑦 0
DO U A
3
T
−7 7
ED PR

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 ( , 0) from
2 2
table.
C

The two lines intersect at points P(2, −1).

©

Hence 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1 is the solution.

Page No 3.29:
Question 5: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

x+y=6
x−y=2
ANSWER:
The given equations are
x + y = 6 ……(𝑖)
x − y = 2 ……(𝑖𝑖 )
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒0+𝑦 =6
⇒𝑦=6
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=6

T IO S
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

I
⇒𝑥+0=6NO A D
CO N
A
𝑥=6

PY
DO U A
𝑥 = 6, 𝑦=0
T
ED PR

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 6
C

𝑦 6 0
©

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,6) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(6,0) from table.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

Graph of the equation…. (𝑖𝑖).

©

𝑥−𝑦 =2 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒0−𝑦 =2
⇒ 𝑦 = −2
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −2
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:
⇒𝑥−0=2
⇒𝑥=2
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 2
𝑦 −2 0

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, −2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 (2,0) from
table.
The two lines intersect at points P(4,2).

T IO S
Hence 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 2 is the solution.

I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 3.29:
A
Question 6: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

PY
DO U A
T
x − 2y = 6
ED PR

3x − 6y = 0
ANSWER:
C
©

The given equations are:

x − 2y = 6 ……(𝑖)
3x − 6y = 0 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 0 − 2𝑦 = 6
⇒ 𝑦 = −3
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −3
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
⇒𝑥−2×0=6
⇒𝑦=6
𝑥 = 6, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 6
𝑦 −3 0

Plotting the two points 𝐴(0, −3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(6,0) equation (i) can be drawn.
Graph of the equation…. (𝑖𝑖):

T IO S
3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)

I
NO A D
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

CO N
A
⇒ 3 × 0 − 6𝑦 = 0

PY
⇒𝑦=0
DO U A
T
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=0
ED PR
C
©

Putting x = 2 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

⇒ 3 × 2 − 6𝑦 = 0
⇒𝑦=1
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦=1
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 2
𝑦 0 1
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝑂 (0,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 (2,1) from table.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
We see that the two lines are parallel, so they won’t intersect
A
Hence there is no solution

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.29:
Question 7: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
C
©

x+y=4
2x − 3y = 3
ANSWER:
The given equations are
x+y=4 …….(𝑖)
2x − 3y = 3 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒0+𝑦 =4
⇒𝑦=4
∴ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=4
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get
⇒𝑥+0=4
⇒𝑥=4
∴ 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 4
𝑦 4 0

T IO S I
NO A D
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(4,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(4,0) from table.

CO N
A
Graph of the equation….(𝑖𝑖)

PY
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 3 ……(𝑖𝑖)
DO U A
T
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get
ED PR

⇒ 0 − 3𝑦 = 3
C

⇒ 𝑦 = −1
©

∴ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −1
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2𝑥 − 0 = 3
3
⇒𝑥=
2
3
∴𝑥= 𝑦=0
2

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 3
2
𝑦 −1 0
 3
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, −1) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 ( , 0) from
2
table.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

The two lines intersect at points P(3,1).

Hence 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1 is the solution.

Page No 3.29:
Question 8: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

2x + 3y = 4
x−y+3=0
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
2x + 3y = 4 ……(𝑖)
x−y+3=0 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 + 3𝑦 = 4
4
⇒𝑦=
3
4

T IO S
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
3

I
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 × 0 = 4

PY
⇒𝑥=2
DO U A
T
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 0
ED PR

Use the following table to draw the graph.

C

𝑥 0 2
©

𝑦 4 0
3

4
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴 (0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(2,0) from
3
table
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

Graph of the equation….(𝑖𝑖):

©

𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖)we get:
⇒ 0 − 𝑦 = −3
⇒𝑦=3
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=3
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:
⇒ 𝑥 − 0 = −3
⇒ 𝑥 = −3
𝑥 = −3, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 −3
𝑦 3 0

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,3) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 (−3,0) from
table
The two lines intersect at points P (−1,2).

T IO S
Hence, 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦 = 2 is the solution.

I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 3.29:
A
Question 9: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

PY
DO U A
T
2x − 3y + 13 = 0
ED PR

3x − 2y + 12 = 0
ANSWER:
C
©

The given equations are:

2x − 3y + 13 = 0 …….(𝑖)
3x − 2y + 12 = 0 ……(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 − 3𝑦 = −13
13
⇒𝑦=
3
13
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
3

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get

⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 × 0 = −13
 −13
⇒𝑥=
2
−13
𝑥= 𝑦=0
2

Use the following table to draw the graph.

−13
𝑥 0
2
𝑦 13 0
3

T IO S
13 −13

I
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴 (0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 ( , 0) from
NO A D 2 2

CO N
table.
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Graph of the equation…. (𝑖𝑖).

3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −12 … … (𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 − 2𝑦 = −12
⇒𝑦=6
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=6
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

T IO S
⇒ 3𝑥 − 2 × 0 = −12

I
⇒ 𝑥 = −4
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 = −4, 𝑦=0
A
Use the following table to draw the graph.

PY
DO U A

𝑥 0 −4
T
ED PR

𝑦 6 0
C
©

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,6) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 (−4,0) from
table.
The two lines intersect at points P(−2,3).
Hence, 𝑥 = −2 and 𝑦 = 3 is the solution.

Page No 3.29:
Question 10: Solve the following systems of equations graphically:

2x + 3y + 5 = 0
3x − 2y − 12 = 0
ANSWER:
The given equations are
2x + 3y + 5 = 0 ……..(𝑖)
3x − 2y − 12 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 + 3𝑦 = −5
−5
⇒𝑦=
3
−5

T IO S
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
3

I
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 × 0 = −5

PY
−5
DO U A
⇒𝑥=
2
T
−5
ED PR

𝑥= , 𝑦=0
2

Use the following table to draw the graph.

C

−5
©

𝑥 0
2
𝑦 −5 0
3

Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.

 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

Graph of the equation….(𝑖𝑖):

©

3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 12 ……….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 − 2𝑦 = 12
⇒ 𝑦 = −6
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −6
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:
⇒ 3𝑥 − 2 × 0 = 12
⇒𝑥=4
𝑥 = 4, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 4
𝑦 −6 0

Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.

The two lines intersects at points P (2, −3)
Hence, 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = −3 is the solution.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 3.29:
A
Question 11: Show graphically that each one of the following systems

PY
DO U A
of equations has infinitely many solutions:
T
ED PR

2x + 3y = 6
4x + 6y = 12
C

ANSWER:
©

The given equations are

2x + 3y = 6 …….(𝑖)
4x + 6y = 12 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 + 3𝑦 = 6
⇒𝑦=2
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=2
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 × 2 = 6
⇒𝑥=3
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 3
𝑦 2 0

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(3,0) from table.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Graph of the equation….(𝑖𝑖).

4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 12 ……….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 4 × 0 + 6𝑦 = 12
⇒𝑦=2
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=2
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:
⇒ 4𝑥 + 6 × 0 = 12
⇒𝑥=3

T IO S
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦=0

I
Use the following table to draw the graph.
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 0 3
A
𝑦 2 0

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,2), 𝐷(3,0) from table.
Thus the graph of the two equations coincide
C
©

Consequently, every solution of one equation is a solution of the other.

Hence the equations have infinitely many solutions.

Page No 3.29:
Question 12: Show graphically that each one of the following systems
of equations has infinitely many solutions:

x − 2y = 5
3x − 6y = 15
ANSWER:
The given equations are
x − 2y = 5 …..…..(𝑖)
3x − 6y = 15 ………(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 0 − 2𝑦 = 5
−5
⇒𝑦=
2
−5
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
2

T IO S
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equations (𝑖) we get:

I
NO A D
⇒𝑥−2×0=5

CO N
A
⇒𝑥=5

PY
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦=0
DO U A
T
Use the following table to draw the graph.
ED PR

𝑥 0 5
−5
C

𝑦 0
2
©

−5
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴 (0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(5,0) from
2
table
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

Graph of the equation…. (𝑖𝑖):

©

3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 15 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equations (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 − 6𝑦 = 15
−5
⇒𝑦=
2
−5
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
2

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

⇒ 3𝑥 − 6 × 0 = 15
⇒𝑥=5
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 5
𝑦 −5 0
2
−5
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷(5,0) from
2
table.
Thus the graph of the two equations coincide

T IO S
Consequently, every solution of one equation is a solution of the other.

I
Hence the equations have infinitely many solutions.
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 3.29:

PY
DO U A

Question 13: Show graphically that each one of the following systems
T
ED PR

of equations has infinitely many solutions:

3x + y = 8
C
©

6x + 2y = 16
ANSWER:
The given equations are
3x + y = 8 ………(𝑖)
6x + 2y = 16 ………(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒3×0+𝑦+8
⇒𝑦=8
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=8
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equations (𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3𝑥 + 0 = 8
8
⇒𝑥=
3
8
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 8
3
𝑦 8 0

T IO S
8
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,8) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 ( , 0) from

I
3
table.NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
Graph of the equation….(𝑖𝑖):
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 16 ………(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equations (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 6 × 0 + 2𝑦 = 16
⇒𝑦=8
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=8

T IO S
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

I
⇒ 6𝑥 + 2 × 0 = 16
NO A D
CO N
8
⇒𝑥=
A
3

PY
8
DO U A
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3
T
ED PR

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 8
3
C

𝑦 8 0
©

8
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,8), 𝐷 ( , 0) from table.
3

Thus the graph of the two equations coincide

Consequently, every solution of one equation is a solution of the other.
Hence the equations have infinitely many solutions.

Page No 3.29:
Question 14: Show graphically that each one of the following systems
of equations has infinitely many solutions:
x − 2y + 11 = 0
3x − 6y + 33 = 0
ANSWER:
The given equations are
x − 2y + 11 = 0 ………(𝑖)
3x − 6y + 33 = 0 ………(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

T IO S
⇒ 0 − 2𝑦 = −11

I
11
⇒𝑦= NO A D
CO N
2
A
11
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=

PY
2
DO U A

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:

T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 − 2 × 0 = 11
⇒ 𝑥 = −11
C
©

𝑥 = −11, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 −11
11
𝑦 0
2

11
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴 (0, ) , 𝐵 (−11,0) from
2
table.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Graph of the equation…. (𝑖𝑖).

3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −33 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 − 6𝑦 = −33
11
⇒𝑦=
2
11
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
2

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get

⇒ 3𝑥 − 6 × 0 = −33
⇒ 𝑥 = −11
𝑥 = −11, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 −11
11
𝑦 0
2

T IO S
11
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) , 𝐷(−11,0) from
2

I
table.
NO A D
CO N
Thus the graph of the two equations are coincide
A

PY
Consequently, every solution of one equation is a solution of the other.
DO U A

Hence the equations have infinitely many solutions.

T
ED PR

Page No 3.29:
C
©

Question 15: Show graphically that each one of the following systems
of equations is in-consistent (i.e. has no solution) :

3x − 5y = 20
6x − 10y = −40
ANSWER:
The given equations are
3x − 5y = 20 ………(𝑖)
6x − 10y = −40 ………(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 − 5𝑦 = 20
⇒ 𝑦 = −4
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −4
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get
⇒ 3𝑥 − 5 × 0 = 20
20
⇒𝑥=
3
20
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3

T IO S
Use the following table to draw the graph.

I
𝑥 NO A D 0 20

CO N
3
A
𝑦 −4 0

PY
DO U A
T
20
ED PR

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0, −4), 𝐵 ( , 0) from table.
3
C
©
Graph of the equation….(𝑖𝑖)
6𝑥 − 10𝑦 = −4 ………..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting in equation (𝑖𝑖 ) we get:
⇒ 6 × 0 − 10𝑦 = −4
2
⇒𝑦=
5
2
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
5

T IO S
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

I
NO A D
⇒ 6𝑥 − 10 × 0 = −4

CO N
A
−2
⇒𝑥=

PY
3
DO U A
−2
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
T
3
ED PR

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 −2
C

3
©

𝑦 2 0
5

20
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, −4), 𝐷 ( , 0) from table.
3

Here we see that the two lines are parallel

Hence the given system of equations has no solution.
 Page No 3.29:
Question 16: Show graphically that each one of the following systems
of equations is in-consistent (i.e. has no solution) :
x − 2y = 6
3x − 6y = 0
ANSWER:
The given equations are

T IO S
x − 2y = 6 …….(𝑖)
3x − 6y = 0 ….....(𝑖𝑖)

I
NO A D
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

CO N
A
⇒ 0 − 2𝑦 = 6

PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑦 = −3
T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −3
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
C

⇒𝑥−2×0=6
©

⇒𝑥=6
⇒ 𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 6
𝑦 −3 0
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points
𝐴(0, −3), 𝐵(6,0).
Graph of the equation….(𝑖𝑖):
3𝑥 − 6 = 0 ………(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖)we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 − 6𝑦 = 0
⇒𝑦=0
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0
Putting 𝑦 = 1 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:
⇒ 3𝑥 − 6 × 1 = 0
⇒𝑥=2

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 1

I
Use the following table to draw the graph.
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 0 2
A
𝑦 0 1

PY
DO U A
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,0), 𝐷(2,1) from table.
T
ED PR
C
©

Here the two lines are parallel and so there is no point in common
Hence the given system of equations has no solution.
 Page No 3.29:
Question 17: Show graphically that each one of the following systems
of equations is in-consistent (i.e. has no solution) :

2y − x = 9
6y − 3x = 21
ANSWER:
The given equations are

T IO S
2y − x = 9 ……..(𝑖)

I
NO A D
6y − 3x = 21 ……..(𝑖𝑖)

CO N
A
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

PY
DO U A
⇒ 2𝑦 − 0 = 9
T
9
ED PR

⇒𝑦=
2
9
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
C

2
©

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:

⇒ 2 × −𝑥 = 9
⇒ 𝑥 = −9
⇒ 𝑥 = −9, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 −9
𝑦 9 0
2
9
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴 (0, ) , 𝐵(−9,0) from table.
2
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

6𝑦 − 3𝑥 = 21 ………(𝑖𝑖)
©

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:

⇒ 6𝑦 − 3 × 0 = 21
7
⇒𝑦=
2
7
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
2

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:

⇒ 6 × 0 − 3𝑥 = 21
⇒ 𝑥 = −7
∴ 𝑥 = −7, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 −7
7
𝑦 0
2
7
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) , 𝐷(−7,0) from table.
2

Here two lines are parallel and so don’t have common points
Hence the given system of equations has no solution.

T IO S
Page No 3.29:

I
Question 18: Show graphically that each one of the following systems
NO A D
CO N
of equations is in-consistent (i.e. has no solution) :
A
3x − 4y − 1 = 0

PY
DO U A
8
2𝑥 − + 5 = 0
3
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
The given equations are
C

3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 1 = 0 ……(𝑖)
©

8
2𝑥 − + 5 = 0
3

6𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 15 = 0 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 − 4𝑦 = 1
−1
⇒𝑦=
4
−1
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
4

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:

⇒ 3𝑥 − 4 × 0 = 1
 1
⇒𝑥=
3
1
⇒𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3

Use the following table to draw the graph.

1
𝑥 0
3
−1
𝑦 0
4

T IO S I
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points
NO A D
−1 1

CO N
𝐴 (0, ) , 𝐵 ( , 0).
A
4 3

6𝑥 − 8𝑦 = −15 ………(𝑖𝑖)

PY
DO U A

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:

T
ED PR

⇒ 6 × 0 − 8𝑦 = −15
15
C

⇒𝑦=
8
©

15
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
8

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation(𝑖𝑖) we get:

⇒ 6𝑥 − 8 × 0 = −15
−15
⇒𝑥=
6
−5
⇒𝑥= , 𝑦=0
2

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 −5
2
𝑦 15 0
8
 15 −5
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ),𝐷( , 0) from table.
8 2

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
Here, the two lines are parallel.
ED PR

Hence the given system of equations is inconsistent.

C
©

Page No 3.29:
Question 19: Determine graphically the vertices of the triangle, the
equations of whose sides are given below :

(i) 2y − x = 8, 5y − x = 14 and y − 2x = 1
(ii) y = x, y = 0 and 3x + 3y = 10
ANSWER:
(i) Draw the 3 lines as given by equations
By taking x =1 = 1 cm on x−axis
And y = 1 = 1 cm on y−axis
𝑦 𝑥
− =1
4 8
𝑦 𝑥
− =1
2.8 14
𝑦 𝑥
− =1
1 0.5

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Clearly from graph points of intersection three lines are

(−4,2), (1,3), (2,5)
(ii) Draw the 3 lines as given by equations
By taking x =1 = 1 cm on x−axis
And y = 1 = 1 cm on y−axis
𝑦=0
𝑦=𝑥
𝑦 𝑥
10 + 10 =1
3 3
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
From graph point of intersection are (0,0) (10/3,0) (5/3,5/3)

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.29:
Question 20: Determine, graphically whether the system of equations x −
C

2y = 2, 4x − 2y = 5 is consistent or in-consistent.
©

ANSWER:
The given equations are
x − 2y = 2 ……..(𝑖)
4x − 2y = 5 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 0 − 2𝑦 = 2
⇒ 𝑦 = −1
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −1
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
⇒𝑥−2×0=2
⇒𝑥=2
⇒ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 2
𝑦 −1 0

T IO S
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0, −1), 𝐵 (2,0) from table.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 4 × 0 − 2𝑦 = 5
−5
⇒𝑦=
2
−5
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=
2

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:

⇒ 4𝑥 − 2 ×= 5
5
⇒𝑥=
4
5
⇒𝑥= , 𝑦=0
4

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 5
4

𝑦 −5

T IO S
0
2

I
−5 5
NO A D
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) , 𝐷 ( , 0) from table.

CO N
2 4
A
It has unique solution.

PY
DO U A
Hence the system of equations is consistent
T
ED PR

Page No 3.29:
C

Question 21: Determine, by drawing graphs, whether the following

©

system of linear equations has a unique solution or not :

(i) 2x − 3y = 6, x + y = 1
(ii) 2y = 4x − 6, 2x = y + 3
ANSWER:
(i) The given equations are
2x − 3y = 6 …….(𝑖)
x+y=1 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 − 3𝑦 = 6
⇒ 𝑦 = −2
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −2
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 ×= 6
⇒𝑥=3
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦=0

T IO S
Use the following table to draw the graph.

I
𝑥 0 3
𝑦 NO A D−2 0

CO N
A
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0, −2), 𝐵(3,0) from table.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Graph of the equation….(𝑖𝑖):

𝑥+𝑦 =1 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒0+𝑦 =1
⇒𝑦=1
∴ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=1
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒𝑥+0=1
⇒𝑥=1
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.

T IO S
𝑥 0 1
𝑦 1 0

I
NO A D
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,1), 𝐷(1,0) from table.

CO N
A
9 −4
The two lines intersect at point 𝑃 ( , ).
5 5

PY
DO U A
Hence the equations have unique solution.
T
ED PR

(ii) The equations of graphs are

2𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 6
C

4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6 ………(𝑖)
©

2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 ………(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 4 × 0 − 2𝑦 = 6
⇒ 𝑦 = −3
⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −3
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 4𝑥 − 2 × 0 = 6
3
⇒𝑥=
2
 3
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
2

Use the following table to draw the graph.

3
𝑥 0
2
𝑦 −3 0

The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points

3

T IO S
𝐴(0, −3), 𝐵 ( , 0).
2

I
Graph of the equation (𝑖𝑖)
NO A D
CO N
A
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 ……..(𝑖𝑖)

PY
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get.
DO U A
T
⇒2×0−𝑦 =3
ED PR

⇒ 𝑦 = −3
C

𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −3
©

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get.

⇒ 2𝑥 − 0 = 3
3
⇒𝑥=
2
3
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
2

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 3
2
𝑦 −3 0
3
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, −3), 𝐷 ( , 0) from table.
2
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
The two lines are coincident.
A
Hence the equations have infinitely much solution.

PY
DO U A
Hence the system is consistent
T
ED PR

Page No 3.29:
C
©

Question 22: Solve graphically each of the following systems of linear

equations. Also find the coordinates of the points where the lines meet
axis of y.

(i) 2x − 5y + 4 = 0,
2x + y − 8 = 0

(ii) 3x + 2y = 12,
5x − 2y = 4

(iii) 2x + y − 11 = 0,
x−y−1=0

(iv) x + 2y − 7 = 0,
2x − y − 4 = 0

(v) 3x + y − 5 = 0,
2x − y − 5 = 0

(vi) 2x − y − 5 = 0,
x−y−3=0
ANSWER:

T IO S
(i) The given equations are

I
2x − 5y + 4 = 0 …...(𝑖)
NO A D
CO N
2x + y − 8 = 0 ……(𝑖𝑖)
A

PY
DO U A
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
T
ED PR

𝑥 −2 8
𝑦 0 4
C
©

The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,

𝑥 4 2
𝑦 0 4
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =
A
3, y = 2.

PY
DO U A
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points
T
4
ED PR

(0, ) and(0,8) respectively.

5
C

(ii) The given equations are

©

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 12 …….(𝑖)
5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4 …….(𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 4 6
𝑦 0 –3
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
x 3 2
y 5.5 3
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =
2, y = 3.

PY
DO U A

Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points
T
ED PR

(0,6) and (0, −2) respectively.

C

(iii) The given equations are

©

2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 11 = 0 …….(𝑖)
𝑥−𝑦−1=0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 3 1
𝑦 5 9
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 1 5
𝑦 0 4
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =
A
4, y = 3.

PY
DO U A
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points
T
(0,11) and (0, −1) respectively.
ED PR

(iv) The given equations are

C

𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 7 = 0 ……..(𝑖)
©

2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)

The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,

𝑥 5 7
𝑦 1 0
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 2 1
𝑦 0 –2
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =
3, y = 2.

PY
DO U A

Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points
T
ED PR

(0, 3.5) and (0, −4) respectively.

(v) The given equations are
C

3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0 ……...(𝑖)
©

2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 5 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 1 3
𝑦 2 –4
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 1 4
𝑦 –3 3
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =
A
2, y = −1.

PY
DO U A
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points
T
(0,5) and (0, −5) respectively.
ED PR

(vi) The given equations are

C

2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 5 = 0 ……(𝑖)
©

𝑥−𝑦−3=0 …….(𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 1 3
𝑦 –3 1
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 1 5
𝑦 –2 2
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =
A
2, y = −1.

PY
DO U A
Also, it is observed that the lines (i) and (ii) meet the y-axis at the points
T
(0, −3) and (0, −5) respectively.
ED PR
C

Page No 3.30:
©

Question 23: Solve the following system of linear equation graphically

and shade the region between the two lines and x-axis:

(i) 2x + 3y = 12,
x−y=1

(ii) 3x + 2y − 4 = 0,
2x − 3y − 7 = 0

(iii) 3x + 2y − 11 = 0
2x − 3y + 10 = 0
ANSWER:
(𝑖) The given equations are:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12 …….(𝑖)
𝑥−𝑦 =1 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 + 3𝑦 = 12
⇒𝑦=4

T IO S
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦=4

I
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 × 0 = 12
A
⇒𝑥=6

PY
DO U A

𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 0
T
ED PR

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 6
C
©

𝑦 4 0
Draw the graph by plotting the two points𝐴(0,4), 𝐵(6,0) from table
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒𝑥−0=1
⇒𝑥=1
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 1
𝑦 −1 0

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, −1), 𝐷(1,0) from table.
The two lines intersect at 𝑃(3,2). The region enclosed by the lines
represented by the given equations and x−axis are shown in the above
figure
Hence, 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 2 is the solution.
(ii) The given equations are:
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 = 0 ……(𝑖)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 7 = 0 ……(𝑖𝑖)

T IO S
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:

I
NO A D
⇒ 3 × 0 + 2𝑦 = 4

CO N
A
⇒𝑦=2

PY
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 2
DO U A
T
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
ED PR

⇒ 3𝑥 + 2 × 0 = 4
C

4
⇒𝑥=
©

3
4
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 4
3

𝑦 2 0
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points
4
𝐴(0,2), 𝐵 ( , 0).
3

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 7 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 − 3𝑦 = 7
−7
⇒𝑦=
3
−7
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
3

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:

⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 × 0 = 7
7
⇒𝑥=

T IO S
2
7

I
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
NO A D
2

CO N
Use the following table to draw the graph.
A
7

PY
𝑥 0
DO U A
2
T
−7
𝑦 0
ED PR

3
−7 7
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) , 𝐷 ( , 0) from table.
C

3 2
©
The two lines intersect at 𝑃(2, −1). The area enclosed by the lines
represented by the given equations and the coordinates x−axis and shaded
the area in graph.
Hence, 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = −1 is the solution.
(iii) The given equations are:
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 11 = 0 ……...(𝑖)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10 = 0 ………(𝑖𝑖)

T IO S
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:

PY
⇒ 3𝑥 + 2 × 0 = 11
DO U A

11
T
⇒𝑥=
ED PR

3
11
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3
C
©

Use the following table to draw the graph.

𝑥 0 11
3
11
𝑦 0
2

11 11
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴 (0, ),𝐵( , 0) from table
2 3
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10 = 0 ……(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 − 3𝑦 = −10
10
⇒𝑦=
3
10
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
3

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:

⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 × 0 = −10
⇒ 𝑥 = −5
𝑥 = −5, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 −5
𝑦 10 0
3

10
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) , 𝐷(−5,0) from table.
3

The two lines intersect at 𝑃(1,4). The area enclosed by the lines

T IO S
represented by the given equations and the coordinates x−axis and shaded

I
the area in graph.
NO A D
CO N
Hence, 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 4 is the solution.
A

PY
DO U A

Page No 3.30:
T
ED PR

Question 24: Draw the graphs of the following equations on the same
graph paper.
C

2x + 3y = 12,
©

x−y=1
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by the two
straight lines and the y-axis.
ANSWER:
The given equations are
2x + 3y = 12 …….(𝑖)
x−y=1 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
⇒ 2 × 0 + 3𝑦 = 12
⇒𝑦=4
 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 4
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒𝑥+3×0=6
⇒𝑥=6
𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.

T IO S
𝑥 0 6
𝑦 4 0

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(6,0) from table.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
𝑥−𝑦 =1 …..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒0−𝑦 =1
⇒ 𝑦 = −1
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −1
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

T IO S
⇒𝑥−0=1

I
⇒𝑦=0
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0
A
Use the following table to draw the graph.

PY
DO U A

𝑥 0 1
T
ED PR

𝑦 −1 0
C

Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.

©

Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.

The intersection point is P(3, 2)
Three points of the triangle are.
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 2

Page No 3.30:
Question 25: Draw the graphs of x − y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y − 12 = 0.
Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these
lines and x-axis and shade the triangular area. Calculate the area bounded
by these lines and x-axis.
ANSWER:
The given equations are
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
𝑥−𝑦+1=0 …..(𝑖)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 12 = 0 ….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (i) we get:

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 − 0 = −1

I
⇒ 𝑥 = −1
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 = −1, 𝑦=0
A
Use the following table to draw the graph.

PY
DO U A

𝑥 0 −1
T
ED PR

𝑦 1 0
C

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,1), 𝐵(−1,0) from table.
©
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 12 ……(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 + 2𝑦 = 12
⇒𝑦=6
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 6
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

T IO S
⇒ 3𝑥 + 2 × 0 = 12

I
⇒𝑥=4
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 0
A
Use the following table to draw the graph.

PY
DO U A

𝑥 0 4
T
ED PR

𝑦 6 0
C

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,6), 𝐷(4,0) from table.
©

The two lines intersect at 𝑃(2,3).

Now, Required area = Area of shaded region
⇒ Required area = Area of PBD
1
⇒ Required area = (base × height)
2
1
⇒ Required area = (BD × PM)
2
1
⇒ Required area = (5 × 3)sq. units
2

Hence the area = 7.5 sq. units

 Page No 3.30:
Question 26: Solve graphically the system of linear equations:

4x − 3y + 4 = 0
4x + 3y − 20 = 0

Find the area bounded by these lines and x-axis.

ANSWER:

T IO S
The given equations are

I
NO A D
4x − 3y + 4 = 0 ….….(𝑖)

CO N
4x + 3y − 20 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
A

PY
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
DO U A
T
⇒ 4 × 0 − 3𝑦 = −4
ED PR

4
⇒𝑦=
3
C

4
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
©

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:

⇒ 4𝑥 − 3 × 0 = −4
⇒ 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 = −1, 𝑦=0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 −1
4
𝑦 0
3

The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the points (0, 4/3), (−1, 0).
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 20 …..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 4 × 0 + 3𝑦 = 20
20
⇒𝑦=
3
20
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
3

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

T IO S
⇒ 4𝑥 + 3 × 0 = 20

I
⇒𝑥=5 NO A D
CO N
A
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 0

PY
DO U A
Use the following table to draw the graph.
T
ED PR

𝑥 0 5
𝑦 20 0
3
C

Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.

©
The two lines intersect at 𝑃(2,4).
Hence 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 4 is the solution of the given equations.
Now,
⇒Required area = Area of PBD
1
⇒ Required area = (base × height)
2
1
⇒ Required area = (BD × PM)
2

T IO S
1
⇒ Required area = (6 × 4)sq. units

I
2
NO A D
CO N
Hence the area = 12 sq. units
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 3.30:
T
ED PR

Question 27: Solve the following system of linear equations graphically:

C

3x + y − 11 = 0, x − y − 1 = 0.
©

Shade the region bounded by these lines and y-axis. Also, find the area
of the region bounded by these lines and y-axis.
ANSWER:
The given equations are
3x + y − 11 = 0 ……(𝑖)
x−y−1=0 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 + 𝑦 = 11
⇒ 𝑦 = 11
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 11
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 3𝑥 + 0 = 11
11
⇒𝑥=
3
11
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3

Use the following table to draw the graph.

11
𝑥 0

T IO S
3
𝑦 11 0

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 …… (𝑖𝑖 )
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒0−𝑦 =1
⇒ 𝑦 = −1
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −1

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

⇒𝑥−0=1

T IO S
⇒𝑥=1

I
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0
NO A D
CO N
Use the following table to draw the graph.
A
𝑥 0 1

PY
DO U A
𝑦 −1 0
T
ED PR

Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.

C

The two lines intersect at 𝑃(3,2).

©

Hence 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 2 is the solution of the given equations

The area enclosed by the lines represented by the given equations and
the y−axis is shaded region in the figure
Now, Required area = Area of shaded region
⇒ Required area = Area of PAC
1
⇒ Required area = (base × height)
2
1
⇒ Required area = (AC × PM)
2
1
⇒ Required area = (12 × 3)sq. units
2

Hence the required area is 18 sq. units

 Page No 3.30:
Question 28: Solve graphically each of the following systems of linear
equations. Also, find the coordinates of the points where the lines meet
the axis of x in each system.

(i) 2x + y = 6
x − 2y = −2

(ii) 2x − y = 2

T IO S
4x − y = 8

I
NO A D
CO N
(iii) x + 2y = 5
A
2x − 3y = −4

PY
DO U A

(iv) 2x + 3y = 8
T
ED PR

x − 2y = −3
ANSWER:
C

(i)
©

The given equations are

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 ……(𝑖)
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −2 …….(𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 4 0
𝑦 −2 6

The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,

𝑥 4 6
𝑦 3 4
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A

It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =

T
ED PR

2, y = 2.
Also, it is observed that the coordinates of the points where the lines (i)
C

and (ii) meet the x-axis are (3,0) and (−2,0) respectively.
©

(ii) The given equations are

2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 ………(𝑖)
4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 8 ………(𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 0 2
𝑦 2 2

The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,

𝑥 1 3
𝑦 −4 4
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A

It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =

T
ED PR

3, y = 4.
Also, it is observed that the coordinates of the points where the lines (i)
C

and (ii) meet the x-axis are (1,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2,0) respectively.
©

(iii) The given equations are

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 ……..(𝑖)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −4 ………(𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 0 −1
𝑦 2.5 3

The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,

𝑥 4 −5
𝑦 4 −2
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =

PY
DO U A
1, y = 2.
T
ED PR

Also, it is observed that the coordinates of the points where the lines (i)
and (ii) meet the x-axis are (5,0) and(−2,0) respectively.
C

Solution is missing
©

(iv) The given equations are

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8 ……..(𝑖)
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3 …….(𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 −2 7
𝑦 4 −2

The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,

𝑥 −1 3
𝑦 1 3
Now, graph of equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn as,

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
It is seen that the solution of the given system of equations is given by x =
T
1, y = 2.
ED PR

Also, it is observed that the coordinates of the points where the lines (i)
and (ii) meet the x-axis are (4, 0) and (−3,0) respectively.
C
©

Page No 3.30:
Question 29: Draw the graphs of the following equations:

2x − 3y + 6 = 0
2x + 3y − 18 = 0
y−2=0

Find the vertices of the triangle so obtained. Also, find the area of the
triangle.
ANSWER:
The given equations are
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 6 = 0 …….(𝑖)
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 18 = 0 …….(𝑖𝑖)
𝑦−2=0 …….(𝑖𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 −3 6
𝑦 0 6
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,

T IO S
𝑥 0 9

I
𝑦
NO A D
6 0

CO N
The two points satisfying (iii) can be listed in a table as,
A
𝑥 −1 8

PY
DO U A
𝑦 2 2
T
ED PR

Now, graph of equations (i), (ii) and (iii) can be drawn as,
C
©

It is seen that the coordinates of the vertices of the obtained triangle are
𝐴(3,4), 𝐵(0,2), 𝐶 (6,2)
 1 1
∴ Area of ∆ABC = × Base × height = × 6 × 2 sq. units = 6 sq. units
2 2

Page No 3.30:
Question 30: Solve the following system of equations graphically.

2x − 3y + 6 = 0
2x + 3y − 18 = 0

T IO S I
Also, find the area of the region bounded by these two lines and y-axis.
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
The given equations are:

PY
DO U A
2x − 3y + 6 = 0 …….(𝑖)
T
2x + 3y − 18 = 0 …….(𝑖𝑖)
ED PR

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (i) we get:

C

⇒ 2 × 0 − 3𝑦 = −6
©

⇒𝑦=2
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 2
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (i) we get:
⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 × 0 = −6
⇒ 𝑥 = −3
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph
𝑥 0 −3
𝑦 2 0
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,2), 𝐵(−3,0) from table.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 18 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
©

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:

⇒ 2 × 0 + 3𝑦 = 18
⇒𝑦=6
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 6
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 × 0 = 18
⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 × 0 = 18
𝑥 = 9, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
 𝑥 0 9
𝑦 6 0

Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,6), 𝐷 (9,0) from table.
The two lines intersect at 𝑃(3,4).
Hence 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 4 is the solution of the given equations.
The area enclosed by the lines represented by the given equations and the

T IO S
y−axis

I
Now,
NO A D
CO N
⇒ Required area = Area of PCA
A

PY
1
⇒ Required area = (base × height)
DO U A
2
T
1
ED PR

⇒ Required area = (CA × PM)

2
1
⇒ Required area = (4 × 3)sq. units
C

2
©

Hence the required area is 6 sq. units

Page No 3.30:
Question 31: Solve the following system of linear equations
graphically.

4x − 5y − 20 = 0
3x + 5y − 15 = 0

Determine the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines representing

the above equation and the y-axis.
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
4x − 5y − 20 = 0 ……….(𝑖)
3x + 5y − 15 = 0 ……….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖), we get:
⇒ 4 × 0 − 5𝑦 = 20
⇒ 𝑦 = −4
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 4

T IO S
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (i) we get:

I
NO A D
⇒ 4𝑥 − 5 × 0 = 20

CO N
A
⇒𝑥=5

PY
DO U A
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 0
T
ED PR

Use the following table to draw the graph.

x 0 5
C

y −4 0
©

Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table

 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15 ……(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (ii) we get:
C
©

⇒ 3 × 0 + 5𝑦 = 15
⇒𝑦=3
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 3
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒ 3𝑥 + 5 × 0 = 15
⇒𝑥=5
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
x 0 5
y 3 0
Draw the graph by plotting the two points from table.
The three vertices of the triangle are 𝐴(0, −4), 𝐵 (5,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 (0,3).
Hence the solution of the equation is 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = 0

T IO S
Page No 3.31:

I
Question 32: Draw the graphs of the equations 5x − y = 5 and 3x − y = 3.
NO A D
Determine the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these

CO N
A
lines and y-axis. Calculate the area of the triangle so formed.

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
The given equations are:
ED PR

5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 ……(𝑖)
C

3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 …….(𝑖𝑖)
©

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (i) we get:

⇒5×0−𝑦 =5
⇒ 𝑦 = −5
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −5
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (i) we get:
⇒ 5𝑥 − 0 = 5
⇒𝑥=1
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
 𝑥 0 1
𝑦 −5 0
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0, −5), 𝐵(1,0) from table

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 …..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get:
⇒3×0−𝑦 =3
⇒ 𝑦 = −3
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −3
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get:
⇒ 3𝑥 − 0 = 3
⇒𝑥=1
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
𝑥 0 1
𝑦 −3 0
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, −3), 𝐷(1,0) from table.
Hence the vertices of the required triangle are 𝐵(1,0), 𝐶 (0, −3) and
𝐴(0, −5).
Now,

T IO S
⇒ Required area = Area of PCA

I
1
NO A D
⇒ Required area = (base × height)
2

CO N
A
1
⇒ Required area = (2 × 1)sq. units
2

PY
DO U A
Hence the required area is
T
ED PR

Page No 3.31:
C

Question 33:
©

Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their
solution graphically:
(i) 10 students of class X took part in Mathematics quiz. If the number of
girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls
who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens
together cost Rs 46. Find the cost of one pencil and a pen.
(iii) Champa went to a 'sale' to purchase some pants and skirts. When her
friends asked her how many of each she had bought, she answered, "The
number of skirts is two less than twice the number of pants purchased.
Also the number of skirts is four less than four times the number of pants
purchased." Help her friends to find how many pants and skirts Champa
bought.
ANSWER:
(i) Let the number of girls be x and the number of boys be y.
According to the question, the algebraic representation is
x + y = 10
x−y=4

T IO S
For x + y = 10,

I
NO A D
x = 10 − y

CO N
A
x 5 4 6

PY
DO U A
y 5 6 4
T
For x − y = 4,
ED PR

x=4+y
C

x 5 4 3
©

y 1 0 −1
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
From the figure, it can be observed that these lines intersect each other at
point (7, 3).
T
ED PR

Therefore, the number of girls and boys in the class are 7 and 3
respectively.
C

(ii) Let the cost of 1 pencil be Rs x and the cost of 1 pen be Rs y.

©

According to the question, the algebraic representation is

5x + 7y = 50
7x + 5y = 46
For 5x + 7y = 50,
50−7𝑦
𝑥=
5

x 3 10 − 4
y 5 0 10

7x + 5y = 46
 46−5𝑦
𝑥=
7

x 8 3 −2
y −2 5 12
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

From the figure, it can be observed that these lines intersect each other at
point (3, 5).
Therefore, the cost of a pencil and a pen are Rs 3 and Rs 5 respectively.
(iii) Let us denote the number of pants by x and the number of skirts
by y. Then the equations formed are:
y = 2x − 2 … (i)
y = 4x − 4 … (ii)
The graphs of the equations (i) and (ii) can be drawn by finding two
solutions for each of the equations. They are given in the following table.
 x 2 0
y = 2x − 2 2 −2
Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

The two lines intersect at the point (1, 0). So, x = 1, y = 0 is the required
solution of the pair of linear equations, i.e., the number of pants she
C

purchased is 1 and she did not buy any skirt.

©

Page No 3.31:
Question 34: Solve the following system of equations graphically:
Shade the region between the lines and the y-axis

(i) 3x − 4y = 7
5x + 2y = 3

(ii) 4x − y = 4
3x + 2y = 14
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
3x − 4y = 7 …….(𝑖)
5x + 2y = 3 ……..(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (i) we get:
⇒ 3 × 0 − 4𝑦 = 7
−7
⇒𝑦=
4
−7

T IO S
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
4

I
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (i) we get:
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ 3𝑥 − 4 × 0 = 7

PY
7
DO U A
⇒𝑥=
3
T
7
ED PR

𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3

Use the following table to draw the graph.

C

7
©

x 0
3

y −7 0
4
−7 7
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴 (0, ) , 𝐵 ( , 0) from table.
4 3
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 ……(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (ii) we get:
C
©

⇒ 5 × 0 + 2𝑦 = 3
2
⇒𝑦=
3
3
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 =
2

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (ii) we get:

⇒ 5𝑥 + 2 × 0 = 3
3
⇒𝑥=
5
3
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
5

Use the following table to draw the graph.

 x 0 3
5

y 3 0
2

3 3
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 ( , 0) from
2 5
table.
The two lines intersect at points 𝑃(1, −1) of y−axis.

T IO S
Hence, 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = −1 is the Solution.

I
NO A D
(ii) The equations are:

CO N
A
4x − y = 4 …….(1)

PY
……..(2)
DO U A
3x + 2y = 14
T
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (1) we get:
ED PR

⇒4×0−𝑦 =4
C

⇒ 𝑦 = −4
©

𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −4
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (1) we get:
⇒ 4𝑥 − 0 = 4
⇒𝑥=1
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph:
x 0 1
y −4 0
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐴(0, −4) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(1,0) from
table.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 14 ……(2)
©

Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (2) we get:

⇒ 3 × 0 + 2𝑦 = 14
⇒𝑦=7
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 7
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (2) we get:
⇒ 3𝑥 + 2 × 0 = 14
14
⇒𝑥=
3
14
𝑥= , 𝑦=0
3

Use the following table to draw the graph.

 x 0 14
3

y 7 0
14
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0,7), 𝐷 ( , 0) from table.
3

Two lines intersect at points 𝑃(2,4) of y−axis.

Hence 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 4 is the solution.

T IO S
Page No 3.31:

I
NO A D
Question 35: Represent the following pair of equations graphically and

CO N
A
write the coordinates of points where the lines intersects y-axis.

PY
DO U A
x + 3y = 6
T
2x − 3y = 12
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

The given equations are

©

𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 …….(𝑖)
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12 …….(𝑖𝑖)
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (i) we get:
⇒ 0 + 3𝑦 = 6
⇒𝑦=2
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 2
Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (𝑖) we get:
⇒𝑥+3×0=6
⇒𝑥=6
 𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.

x 0 6
𝑦 2 0
The graph of (i) can be obtained by plotting the two points 𝐴(0,2), 𝐵(6,0).

T IO S
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12 ……..(𝑖𝑖)

I
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in equation (ii) we get:
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 2 × 0 − 3𝑦 = 12
A
⇒ 𝑦 = −4

PY
DO U A

𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −4
T
ED PR

Putting 𝑦 = 0 in equation (ii) we get:

⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 × 0 = 12
C
©

⇒𝑥=6
𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 0
Use the following table to draw the graph.
x 0 6
𝑦 −4 0
Draw the graph by plotting the two points 𝐶 (0, −4), 𝐷(6,0) from table.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Graph of lines represented by the equations 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
A
meet y−axis at 𝐴(0,2), 𝐶 (0, −4) respectively.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.31:
Question 36: Given the linear equation 2x + 3y − 8 = 0, write another
C

linear equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation

©

of the pair so formed is

(i) intersecting lines
(ii) Parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines
ANSWER:
(i) For intersecting lines,
Equation of another intersecting line to the given line is−
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 3 = 0
Since, condition for intersecting lines and unique solution is−
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2
(ii) For parallel lines,
Equation of another parallel line to the given line is−
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3 = 0
Since, condition for parallel lines and no solution is−
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

(iii) For co−incident lines,

T IO S
Equation of another coincident line to the given line is−

I
NO A D
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 16 = 0

CO N
A
Since, condition for coincident lines and infinite solution is−

PY
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
DO U A
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
ED PR

Page No 3.31:
C

Question 37: Determine graphically the coordinates of the vertices of a

©

triangle, the equations of whose sides are :

(i) y = x, y = 2x and y + x = 6
(ii) y = x, 3y = x, x + y = 8
ANSWER:
(i) The given equations are
𝑦=𝑥 …….(𝑖)
𝑦 = 2𝑥 …….(𝑖𝑖)
𝑦+𝑥 =6 …….(𝑖𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
 x 0 1
𝑦 0 1

The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,

x 1 3
𝑦 2 6

T IO S
The two points satisfying (iii) can be listed in a table as,

I
x 0 6
NO A D
CO N
𝑦 6 6
A

PY
Now, graph of equations (i), (ii) and (iii) can be drawn as,
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

It is seen that the coordinates of the vertices of the obtained triangle

are 𝐴(0,0), 𝐵(2,4), 𝐶(3,3)

(ii) The given equations are

𝑦=𝑥 …….(𝑖)
3𝑦 = 𝑥 …….(𝑖𝑖)
𝑥+𝑦 =8 …….(𝑖𝑖𝑖)
The two points satisfying (i) can be listed in a table as,
𝑥 0 2
𝑦 0 2

T IO S
The two points satisfying (ii) can be listed in a table as,

I
𝑥 3 –3
NO A D
CO N
𝑦 1 –1
A

PY
The two points satisfying (iii) can be listed in a table as,
DO U A

𝑥 3
T 5
ED PR

𝑦 5 3
Now, graph of equations (i), (ii) and (iii) can be drawn as,
C
©

It is seen that the coordinates of the obtained triangle

are 𝐴(0,0), 𝐵(4,4), 𝐶 (6,2)
 Page No 3.31:
Question 38: Graphically, solve the following pair of equations:
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0
Find the ratio of the areas of the two triangles formed by the lines
representing these equations with the x-axis and the lines with the y-axis.
ANSWER:

T IO S
The given linear equations are:

I
NO A D
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6 … . . (𝑖)

CO N
A
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0 . . . . . (𝑖𝑖)

PY
DO U A
For (i), we have
T
ED PR

x 0 3
y 6 0
C
©

For (ii), we have

x 0 −1
y 2 0

Thus, we plot the graph for these two equations and mark the point where
these two lines intersect.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

From the graph we see that the two lines intersect at point E(1, 4).
Now, the area of triangle CEB is
C

1
©

𝐴1 = × 4 × 4 = 8 square unit
2

The area of triangle AED is

1
𝐴2 = × 4 × 1 = 2 square unit
2

So, the ratio of the areas of the two triangles will be

𝐴1 8 4
= =
𝐴2 2 1

Thus, the required ratio is 4 : 1.

 Page No 3.31:
Question 39: Determine, graphically, the vertices of the triangle formed
by the lines 𝑦 = 𝑥, 3𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8.
ANSWER:
The given lines are:
𝑦=𝑥 … . . (𝑖)
3𝑦 = 𝑥 … . . (𝑖𝑖 )

T IO S
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8 . . . . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

I
NO A D
From (i), we have

CO N
A
x 1 2

PY
DO U A
y 1 2
T
ED PR

For (ii), we have

x 0 3
C
©

y 0 1

For (iii), we have

x 0 8
y 8 0

Thus, we plot the graph for these three equations and mark the point where
these two lines intersect.
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

From the graph we find that the vertices of the triangle thus formed are
H(4, 4), I(6, 2) and D(0, 0).
C
©

Page No 3.31:
Question 40:
Draw the graph of the equations 𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 = 5 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 = 0 .
Also, find the area of the quadrilateral formed by the lines and the x-axis.
ANSWER:
The given equations are
𝑥=3 . . . . . (𝑖)
𝑥=5 . . . . . (𝑖𝑖)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 = 0 . . . . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
For (iii), we have
x 0 2
y −4 0

We plot the lines on the graph as follows:

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

The vertices of the quadrilateral thus formed are A(5, 0), B(5, 6), C(3, 2)
and D(3, 0).
∴ Area of the quadrilateral DABC
= Area of a trapezium
1
= ℎ(𝑎 + 𝑏)
2
 1
= × 2 × (2 + 6)
2

= 8 square units
Thus, the area of the quadrilateral formed by the given lines and the x-axis
is 8 square units.

Page No 3.31:
Question 41: Draw the graph of the lines 𝑥 = −2 and y = 3 . Write the

T IO S
vertices of the figure formed by these lines, the x-axis and the y-axis. Also,

I
NO A D
find the area of the figure.

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
The given lines are
DO U A
T
𝑥 = −2 … . . (𝑖)
ED PR

𝑦=3 . . . . . (𝑖𝑖)
C

The graph thus obtained will be as follows:

©
The figure thus obtained is a rectangle ABCD. The vertices of the
rectangle are A(−2, 3), B(0, 3), C(0, 0) and D(−2, 0).
Length of the rectangle = AD = BC = 3 units
Breadth of the rectangle = CD = AB = 2 units
∴ Area of rectangle ABCD
=3×2
= 6 square units

T IO S
Page No 3.32:

I
NO A D
Question 42: Draw the graphs of the pair of linear equations 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 =

CO N
A
0 and 4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 = 0 . Calculate the area of the triangle formed by the

PY
lines so drawn and the x-axis.
DO U A

ANSWER:
T
ED PR

The given linear equations are

𝑥−𝑦+ 2=0 . . . . . (𝑖)
C
©

4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 = 0 . . . . . (𝑖𝑖)
For (i), we have
x 0 −2
y 2 0

For (ii), we have

x 0 1
y −4 0

The graph of the lines represented by the given equations is shown below:
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

The triangle thus obtained has the vertices A(2, 4), B(−2, 0) and D(1, 0).
C

∴ Area of triangle ADB

©

1
= ×3×4
2

= 6 square units
Thus, the area of the triangle formed by the given lines and the x-axis is 6
square units.
 Exercise 3.3
Page No 3.44:
Question 1: Solve the following systems of equations:

11𝑥 + 15𝑦 + 23 = 0
7𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 20 = 0
ANSWER:

T IO S
The given equations are:

I
…….(𝑖)
NO A D
11𝑥 + 15𝑦 + 23 = 0

CO N
A
7𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 20 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)

PY
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 2 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 15, and add both
DO U A

equations we get
T
ED PR

22𝑥 + 30𝑦 + 46 = 0
105𝑥 − 30𝑦 − 300 = 0
C

127𝑥 − 254 = 0
©

⇒𝑥=2
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖) we get
11 × 2 + 15𝑦 + 23 = 0
⇒ 15𝑦 = −45
⇒ 𝑦 = −3
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = −3

Page No 3.44:
Question 2: Solve the following systems of equations:
3x − 7y + 10 = 0
y − 2x − 3 = 0
ANSWER:
The given equations are:

3x − 7y + 10 = 0 …….(𝑖)
y − 2x − 3 = 0 ……..(𝑖𝑖)

T IO S
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 2 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 3, and add both equations

I
we get
NO A D
CO N
6𝑥 − 14𝑦 + 20 = 0
A
3𝑦 − 6𝑥 − 9 = 0

PY
DO U A
−11𝑦 + 11 = 0
⇒𝑦=1
T
ED PR

Put the value of 𝑦 in equation (𝑖) we get

3𝑥 − 7 × 1 + 10 = 0
C
©

⇒ 3𝑥 − 3
⇒ 𝑥 = −1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦 = 1

Page No 3.44:
Question 3: Solve the following systems of equations:

0.4x + 0.3y = 1.7

0.7x − 0.2y = 0.8
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
0.4x + 0.3y = 1.7 … (𝑖)
0.7x − 0.2y = 0.8 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 2 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 3, and add both equations
we get

0.8𝑥 + 0.6𝑦 = 3.4

2.1𝑥 − 0.6𝑦 = 2.4
2.9𝑥 = 5.8

T IO S
⇒𝑥=2

I
NO A D
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖) we get

CO N
A
0.4 × 2 + 0.3𝑦 = 1.7

PY
DO U A
⇒ 0.3𝑦 = 0.9
T
⇒𝑦=3
ED PR

Hence the value of 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 3

C
©

Page No 3.44:
Question 4: Solve the following systems of equations:

𝑥
+ 𝑦 = 0.8
2
7
𝑦 = 10
𝑥+ 2

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
𝑥
+ 𝑦 = 0.8 … (𝑖)
2
7
𝑦 = 10
𝑥+ 2
⇒ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1.4 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Subtract (ii) from (i) we get

𝑥
+ 𝑦 = 0.8
2
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1.4
−3𝑥 = −1.2

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = 0.4

I
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get
NO A D
CO N
2 × 0.4 + 𝑦 = 1.4
A

PY
⇒ 𝑦 = 0.6
DO U A
T
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 0.4 and 𝑦 = 0.6.
ED PR
C

Page No 3.44:
©

Question 5: Solve the following systems of equations:

7(y + 3) − 2(x + 2) = 14
4(y − 2) + 3(x − 3) = 2
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
7(y + 3) − 2(x + 2) = 14
7𝑦 − 2𝑥 = −3 … (𝑖)

4(y − 2) + 3(x − 3) = 2
4𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 19 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 3 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 2 and add both equations
we get

21𝑦 − 6𝑥 = −9
8𝑦 + 6𝑥 = 1.4
29𝑦 = 29
⇒𝑦=1

T IO S
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖) we get

I
NO A D
7 × 1 − 2𝑥 = −3

CO N
A
⇒ −2𝑥 = −10

PY
DO U A
⇒𝑥=5
T
ED PR

Hence the value of 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 = 1

C

Page No 3.44:
©

Question 6: Solve the following systems of equations:

𝑥 𝑦
+ =5
7 3
𝑥 𝑦
− =6
2 9

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
𝑥 𝑦
+ =5 … (𝑖)
7 3
𝑥 𝑦
− =6 … (𝑖𝑖 )
2 9
 1
Multiply equation (𝑖) by and add both equations we get
3
𝑥 𝑦 5
+ =
21 9 3
𝑥 𝑦
− =6
2 9
23𝑥 23
=
42 3
⇒ 𝑥 = 14
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖) we get

T IO S
14 𝑦
+ =5

I
7 3
𝑦
NO A D
CO N
⇒ =3
3
A
⇒𝑦=9

PY
DO U A

Hence the value of 𝑥 = 14 and 𝑦 = 9.

T
ED PR

Page No 3.44:
C
©

Question 7: Solve the following systems of equations:

𝑥 𝑦
+ = 11
3 4
5𝑥 𝑦
− = −7
6 3

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
𝑥 𝑦
+ = 11 …….(𝑖)
3 4
5𝑥 𝑦
− = −7 …….(𝑖𝑖)
6 3
 1 1
Multiply equation (𝑖) by and equation (𝑖𝑖) by and add both equations
3 4
we get
𝑥 𝑦 11
+ =
9 12 3
5𝑥 𝑦 −7
− =
24 12 4
23𝑥 23
=
72 12

T IO S
⇒𝑥=6

I
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖) we get
NO A D
CO N
6 𝑦
A
+ = 11
3 4

PY
𝑦
DO U A
⇒ =9
4
T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑦 = 36
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 6 and 𝑦 = 36.
C
©

Page No 3.44:
Question 8: Solve the following systems of equations:

4
+ 3𝑦 = 8
𝑥
6
− 4𝑦 = −5
𝑥

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
4
+ 3𝑦 = 8 … (𝑖)
𝑥
6
− 4𝑦 = −5 … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥

Multiply equation (𝑖) by 4 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 3 and add both equations
we get
16
+ 12𝑦 = 32
𝑥
18
− 12𝑦 = −15
𝑥
34
= 17
𝑥

T IO S
⇒𝑥=2

I
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖) we get
NO A D
CO N
4
A
+ 3𝑦 = 8
2

PY
DO U A
⇒ 3𝑦 = 6
T
⇒𝑦=2
ED PR

Hence the value of 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 2.

C
©

Page No 3.44:
Question 9: Solve the following systems of equations:

𝑦
𝑥+ =4
2
𝑥
+ 2𝑦 = 5
3

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
𝑦
𝑥+ =4 … (𝑖)
2
𝑥
+ 2𝑦 = 5 … (𝑖𝑖 )
3
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 4 and subtract equations(𝑖) − (𝑖𝑖), we get
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 16
𝑥
+ 2𝑦 = 5
3
11𝑥
= 11
3
⇒𝑥=3
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

T IO S
𝑦
3+ =4
2

I
⇒
𝑦
=1NO A D
CO N
2
A
⇒𝑦=2

PY
DO U A
Hence the value of x and y are 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 2
T
ED PR

Page No 3.44:
C

Question 10: Solve the following systems of equations:

©

3
𝑥 + 2𝑦 =
2
3
2𝑥 + 𝑦 =
2

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
3
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = … (𝑖)
2
3
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = … (𝑖𝑖 )
2

Multiply equation (𝑖𝑖) by 2 and subtract equation (ii) from (i) we get
 3
𝑥 + 2𝑦 =
2
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
−3
−3𝑥 =
2
1
⇒𝑥=
2

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

1 3
+ 2𝑦 =
2 2

T IO S
⇒ 2𝑦 = 1

I
NO A D
1

CO N
⇒𝑦=
2
A
1 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =

PY
DO U A
2 2
T
ED PR

Page No 3.44:
C

Question 11: Solve the following systems of equations:

©

√2𝑥 − √3𝑦 = 0
√3𝑥 − √8𝑦 = 0
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
√2𝑥 − √3𝑦 = 0 … (𝑖)
√3𝑥 − √8𝑦 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by √3 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by √2 and subtract
equation (ii) from (i), we get
√6𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
 √6𝑥 − 2√6𝑦 = 0
(2√6 − 3)𝑦 = 0
⇒𝑦=0
Put the value of 𝑦 in equation (𝑖), we get
√2𝑥 + 0 × 𝑦 = 0
⇒𝑥=0

T IO S
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 0

I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 3.44:
A
Question 12: Solve the following systems of equations:

PY
DO U A
𝑦+7
3𝑥 − + 2 = 10
T
11
ED PR

𝑥+11
2𝑦 + = 10
7
C

ANSWER:
©

The given equations are:

𝑦+7
3𝑥 − + 2 = 10
11
(𝑦 + 7)
⇒ 3𝑥 − = 8
11
33𝑥−𝑦− 7
⇒ 11 = 8
11

⇒ 33𝑥 − 𝑦 − 7 = 88
⇒ 33𝑥 − 𝑦 = 95 . . . . . . . . (1)

𝑥 + 11
2𝑦 + = 10
7
 14𝑦+𝑥+11
⇒ = 10
7

⇒ 14𝑦 + 𝑥 + 11 = 70
⇒ 14𝑦 + 𝑥 = 59
⇒ 𝑥 + 14𝑦 = 59 . . . . . . . . . (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 14 , we get

T IO S
462𝑥 − 14𝑦 = 1330 . . . . . . (3)

I
NO A D
adding (2) and (3), we get

CO N
A

PY
(𝑥 + 14𝑦) + (462𝑥 − 14𝑦) = 59 + 1330
DO U A
T
⇒ 463𝑥 = 1389
ED PR

⇒𝑥 = 3
C

Substituting the value of x in (2), we get

©

3 + 14𝑦 = 59
⇒ 14𝑦 = 59 − 3
⇒ 14𝑦 = 56
⇒𝑦=4
Hence the value of x and y are 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 4

Page No 3.44:
Question 13: Solve the following systems of equations:

3
2𝑥 − = 9
𝑦
 7
3𝑥 + = 2, 𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
3
2𝑥 − = 9 … (𝑖)
𝑦
7
3𝑥 + = 2, … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑦

T IO S
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 3 and (𝑖𝑖) by 2 and subtract equation (ii) from

I
(i) we get
NO A D 9

CO N
6𝑥 − = 27
A
𝑦
14
6𝑥 − =4

PY
DO U A
𝑦
−23
T
= 23
ED PR

𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 = −1
Put the value of 𝑦 in equation (𝑖), we get
C
©

3
2𝑥 − =9
−1

⇒ 2𝑥 = 6
⇒𝑥=3
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −1

Page No 3.44:
Question 14: Solve the following systems of equations:

0.5x + 0.7y = 0.74

0.3x + 0.5y = 0.5
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
0.5x + 0.7y = 0.74 … (𝑖)
0.3x + 0.5y = 0.5 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 0.5 and (𝑖𝑖) by 2 and subtract equation (ii) from
(i) we get
0.25𝑥 + 0.35𝑦 = 0.37

T IO S
0.21𝑥 + 0.35𝑦 = 0.35

I
0.04𝑥 = 0.02
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 = 0.5

CO N
A
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

PY
DO U A
0.5 × 0.5 + 0.7𝑦 = 0.74
T
ED PR

⇒ 0.7𝑦 = 0.49
⇒ 𝑦 = 0.7
C

Hence the value of 𝑥 = 0.5 and 𝑦 = 0.7

©

Page No 3.45:
Question 15: Solve the following systems of equations:

1 1
+ =3
7𝑥 6𝑦
1 1
− =5
2𝑥 3𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
1 1
+ =3 … (𝑖)
7𝑥 6𝑦
1 1
− =5 … (𝑖𝑖 )
2𝑥 3𝑦
1
Multiply equation (𝑖𝑖) by and add both equations we get
2
1 1
+ =3
7𝑥 6𝑦
1 1 5
+ =
4𝑥 6𝑦 2
11 11
=
28𝑥 2
1

T IO S
⇒𝑥=
14

I
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get
NO A D
CO N
1 1
A
1 + =3
7× 6𝑦

PY
14
DO U A
1
⇒ =1
T
6𝑦
ED PR

1
⇒𝑦=
6
C

1 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
©

4 6

Page No 3.45:
Question 16: Solve the following systems of equations:
1 1
+ =2
2𝑥 3𝑦
1 1 13
+ =
3𝑥 2𝑦 6

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
1 1
+ =2 … (𝑖)
2𝑥 3𝑦
1 1 13
+ = … (𝑖𝑖 )
3𝑥 2𝑦 6
1 1
Multiply equation (𝑖) by and (𝑖𝑖) by and subtract equation (ii) from
2 3
(i) we get
1 1
+ =1
4𝑥 6𝑦
1 1 13
+ =
9𝑥 6𝑦 18
− − −
5 5

T IO S
=
36𝑥 18

I
1
⇒𝑥=
NO A D 2

CO N
A
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

PY
1 1
DO U A
1 + =2
2× 3𝑦
2
T
ED PR

1
=2−1
3𝑦
C

1
=1
©

3𝑦
1
𝑦=
3
1 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
2 3

Page No 3.45:
Question 17: Solve the following systems of equations:

15 2
+ = 17
𝑢 𝜈
1 1 36
+ =
𝑢 𝜈 5

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
15 2
+ = 17 … (𝑖)
𝑢 𝜈
1 1 36
+ = … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑢 𝜈 5

Multiply equation (𝑖𝑖) by 2 and subtract (ii) from (i), we get

T IO S
15 2
+ = 17

I
𝑢 𝑣
2
NO A D
2 72

CO N
+ =
𝑢 𝑣 5
A
13 13
=

PY
DO U A
𝑢 5
⇒𝑢=5
T
ED PR

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

15 2
+ = 17
C

5 𝑣
©

2
⇒ = 14
𝑣
1
⇒𝑣=
7
1
Hence the value of 𝑢 = 5 and 𝑣 = .
7

Page No 3.45:
Question 18: Solve the following systems of equations:

3 1
− = −9
𝑥 𝑦
2 3
+ =5
𝑥 𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
3 1
− = −9 … (𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦
2 3
+ =5 … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥 𝑦

T IO S
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 3 and add both equations, we get

I
9 3
+ = −27
𝑥
NO A D
𝑦

CO N
2 3
A
+ =5
𝑥 𝑦

PY
11
DO U A
= −22
𝑥
T
1
ED PR

⇒𝑥=−
2

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

C

3 1
©

−1 − = −9
𝑦
2
−1
⇒ = −3
𝑦
1
⇒𝑦=
3
1 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = − and 𝑦 =
2 3

Page No 3.45:
Question 19: Solve the following systems of equations:

2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1
60 40
+ = 19, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1 … (𝑖)
60 40
+ = 19 … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥 𝑦

Multiply equation (𝑖) by 8 and subtract (ii) from equation (i), we get

T IO S
44

I
− = −11
𝑥
NO A D
CO N
⇒𝑥=4
A
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

PY
DO U A
2 5
⇒ + =1
T
4 𝑦
ED PR

5 2
⇒ =1−
𝑦 4
C

5 1
©

⇒ =
𝑦 2

⇒ 𝑦 = 10
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑦 = 10.

Page No 3.45:
Question 20: Solve the following systems of equations:

1 1
+ = 12
5𝑥 6𝑦
1 3
− = 8, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0
3𝑥 7𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
1 1
+ = 12 … (𝑖)
5𝑥 6𝑦
1 3
− =8 … (𝑖𝑖 )
3𝑥 7𝑦
3 1
Multiply equation (𝑖) by and equation (𝑖𝑖) by , add both equations, we
7 6
get

T IO S
3 3 36

I
+ =
35𝑥 42𝑦 7
1
NO A D 3 8

CO N
+ =
A
18𝑥 12𝑦 6
89 272
=

PY
DO U A
630𝑥 42
89
⇒𝑥=
T
4080
ED PR

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

1 1
C

5×89 + = 12
6𝑦
©

4080
1 1260
⇒ =
6𝑦 445
89
⇒𝑦=
1512
89 89
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
4080 1512

Page No 3.45:
Question 21: Solve the following systems of equations:

4
+ 3𝑦 = 14
𝑥
3
− 4𝑦 = 23
𝑥

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
4
+ 3𝑦 = 14 … (𝑖)
𝑥
3
− 4𝑦 = 23 … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥

Multiply equation (𝑖) by 4 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 3, add both equations, we

T IO S
get

I
16
NO A D
+ 12𝑦 = 56

CO N
𝑥
A
9
− 12𝑦 = 69

PY
𝑥
DO U A
25
= 125
T
𝑥
ED PR

1
⇒𝑥=
5

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

C
©

4
1 + 3𝑦 = 14
5

⇒ 3𝑦 = −6
⇒ 𝑦 = −2
1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = −2.
5

Page No 3.45:
Question 22: Solve the following systems of equations:

4 5
+ =7
𝑥 𝑦
3 4
+ =5
𝑥 𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
4 5
+ =7 … (𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦
3 4
+ =5 … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥 𝑦

T IO S
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 4 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 5 and subtract (ii) from

I
(i) we get
16 NO A D
CO N
+ 20𝑦 = 28
A
𝑥
15
+ 20𝑦 = 25

PY
DO U A
𝑥
1
T
=3
ED PR

𝑥
1
⇒𝑥=
3
C

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

©

4
1 + 5𝑦 = 7
3

⇒ 5𝑦 = −5
⇒ 𝑦 = −1
1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = −1
3

Page No 3.45:
Question 23: Solve the following systems of equations:
2 3
+ = 13
𝑥 𝑦
5 4
− = −2
𝑥 𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
2 3
+ = 13 … (𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦
5 4
− = −2 … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥 𝑦

T IO S
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 4 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 3 and add both

I
equations we get
8 NO A D
12

CO N
+ = 52
A
𝑥 𝑦
15 12
+ = −6

PY
DO U A
𝑥 𝑦
23
T
= 46
ED PR

𝑥
1
⇒𝑥=
2
C

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

©

2 3
1 + = 13
𝑦
2
3
⇒ =9
𝑦
1
⇒𝑦=
3
1 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = .
2 3

Page No 3.45:
Question 24: Solve the following systems of equations:
2 3
+ =2
√𝑥 √𝑦
4 9
− = −1
√𝑥 √𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
2 3
+ =2 … (𝑖)
√𝑥 √𝑦

T IO S
4 9
− = −1 … (𝑖𝑖 )
√𝑥 √𝑦

I
NO A D
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 3 and add both equations we get

CO N
A
6 9
+ =6
√𝑥 √𝑦

PY
DO U A
4 9
− = −1
T
√𝑥 √𝑦
ED PR

10
=5
√𝑥

⇒ √𝑥 = 2
C
©

⇒𝑥=4
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get
2 3
+ =2
√𝑥 √𝑦

⇒ √𝑦 = 3
⇒𝑦=9
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑦 = 9

Page No 3.45:
Question 25: Solve the following systems of equations:
𝑥+𝑦
=2
𝑥𝑦
𝑥−𝑦
=6
𝑥𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
𝑥+𝑦
=2
𝑥𝑦

T IO S
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦 … (𝑖)

I
𝑥−𝑦
NO A D
=6

CO N
𝑥𝑦
A
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦 … (𝑖𝑖 )

PY
DO U A

Adding both equations, we get

T
ED PR

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦
C

2𝑥 = 8𝑥𝑦
©

1
⇒𝑦=
4

Put the value of 𝑦 in equation (𝑖), we get

1 1
𝑥 + = 2𝑥 ×
4 4
−𝑥 1
⇒ =
2 4
1
⇒𝑥=−
2
1 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = − and 𝑦 =
2 4

Page No 3.45:
Question 26: Solve the following systems of equations:

2 3 9
+ =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦
4 9 21
+ = , 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:

T IO S I
2 3 9
+ = … (𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦
NO A D 𝑥𝑦

CO N
A
4 9 21
+ = … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦

PY
DO U A
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 3 and subtract (ii) from (i), we get
T
ED PR

6 9 27
+ =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦
4 9 21
+ =
C

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦
2 6
©

=
𝑥 𝑥𝑦

⇒𝑦=3
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get
2 3 9
⇒ + =
𝑥 3 3𝑥
1
⇒ =1
𝑥

⇒𝑥=1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 3
 Page No 3.45:
Question 27: Solve the following systems of equations:

6 7
= +3
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
=
2(𝑥+𝑦) 3(𝑥−𝑦)′

where x + y ≠ 0 and x − y ≠ 0

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
The given equations are:

CO N
A
6 7
= +3
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

PY
DO U A
1 1
=
T
2(𝑥+𝑦) 3(𝑥−𝑦)
ED PR

1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
C

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
©

6𝑢 = 7𝑣 + 3 … (𝑖)
𝑢 𝑣
= … (𝑖𝑖 )
2 3

Multiply equation (𝑖𝑖) by 12 and subtract (ii) from (i), we get

6𝑢 = 7𝑣 + 3
6𝑢 = 4𝑣
0 = 3𝑣 + 3
⇒ 𝑣 = −1
Put the value of 𝑣 in equation (𝑖), we get
⇒ 6𝑢 = 7 × −1 + 3
⇒ 6𝑢 = −4
2
⇒𝑢=−
3

Then
1 2
=−
𝑥+𝑦 3
3
⇒𝑥+𝑦 =−

T IO S
2

I
1
= −1
𝑥−𝑦
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −1

PY
Add both equations, we get
DO U A
T 3
𝑥+𝑦 =−
ED PR

2
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −1
5
C

2𝑥 = −
2
©

5
⇒𝑥=−
4

Put the value of 𝑥 in second equation, we get

6 × 2 + 6𝑦 = 5 × 2𝑦
⇒ 12 = 4𝑦
⇒𝑦=3
5 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = − and 𝑦 = − .
4 4

Page No 3.45:
Question 28: Solve the following systems of equations:

𝑥𝑦 6
=
𝑥+𝑦 5
𝑥𝑦
= 6,
𝑦−𝑥

where x + y ≠ 0, y − x ≠ 0
ANSWER:

T IO S
The given equations are:

I
NO A D
𝑥𝑦 6

CO N
=
A
𝑥+𝑦 5

… (𝑖)

PY
6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑦
DO U A
𝑥𝑦
T
= 6,
ED PR

𝑦−𝑥

6𝑦 − 6𝑥 = 𝑥𝑦 … (𝑖𝑖 )
C

Add both equations, we get

©

6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑦
6𝑦 − 6𝑥 = 𝑥𝑦
12𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦

⇒𝑥=2
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get
1
22 × − + 15𝑣 = 5
11

⇒ 15𝑣 = 3
1
⇒𝑣=
5
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 3

Page No 3.45:
Question 29: Solve the following systems of equations:

22 15
+ =5
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
55 45
+ = 14

T IO S
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
The given equations are:
A
22 15

PY
+ =5
DO U A
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
T
55 45
ED PR

+ = 14
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
C

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
©

22𝑢 + 15𝑣 = 5 … (𝑖)

55𝑢 + 45𝑣 = 14 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 3 and subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
66𝑢 + 45𝑣 = 15
55𝑢 + 45𝑣 = 14
11𝑢 = 1
1
⇒𝑢=
11

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

1
22 × − + 15𝑣 = 5
11

⇒ 15𝑣 = 3
 1
⇒𝑣=
5

Then
1 1
=
𝑥+𝑦 11

⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11

1 1
=

T IO S
𝑥−𝑦 5

I
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =5
NO A D
CO N
Add both equations, we get
A
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11

PY
DO U A
𝑥−𝑦 =5
T
2𝑥 = 16
ED PR

⇒𝑥=8
C
©

Put the value of 𝑥 in second equation, we get

8−𝑦 =5
⇒ −𝑦 = −3
⇒𝑦=3
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = 3.

Page No 3.45:
Question 30: Solve the following systems of equations:

5 2
− = −1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
15 7
+ = 10
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
5 2
− = −1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
15 7
+ = 10
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

T IO S
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

I
NO A D
5𝑢 − 2𝑣 = −1 … (𝑖)

CO N
A
15𝑢 + 7𝑣 = 10 … (𝑖𝑖 )

PY
DO U A
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 7 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 2 and add both equations,
we get
T
ED PR

35𝑢 − 14𝑣 = −7
30𝑢 + 14𝑣 = 20
C

65𝑢 = 13
©

1
⇒𝑢=
5

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

1
5 × − 2𝑣 = −1
5

⇒ −2𝑣 = −2
⇒𝑣=1
Then
1 1
=
𝑥+𝑦 5
⇒𝑥+𝑦 =5

1
=1
𝑥−𝑦

⇒𝑥−𝑦 =1
Add both equations, we get

T IO S
𝑥+𝑦 =5

I
𝑥−𝑦 =1
NO A D
CO N
2𝑥 = 6
A
⇒𝑥=3

PY
DO U A
Put the value of 𝑥 in first equation, we get
T
ED PR

3+𝑦 =5
⇒𝑦=2
C

Hence the value of 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 2.

©

Page No 3.45:
Question 31: Solve the following systems of equations:

3 2
+ =2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
9 4
− =1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
3 2
+ =2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
 9 4
− =1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

3𝑢 + 2𝑣 = 2 … (𝑖)
9𝑢 − 4𝑣 = 1 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 2 and add both equations, we get
6𝑢 + 4𝑣 = 4

T IO S
9𝑢 − 4𝑣 = 1

I
15𝑢 = 5
NO A D
CO N
1
A
⇒𝑢=
3

PY
DO U A
Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get
T
1
3 × + 2𝑣 = 2
ED PR

⇒ 2𝑣 = 1
C

1
⇒𝑣=
©

Then
1 1
=
𝑥+𝑦 3

⇒𝑥+𝑦 =3

1 1
=
𝑥−𝑦 2

⇒𝑥−𝑦 =2

Add both equations, we get

𝑥+𝑦 =3
𝑥−𝑦 =2
2𝑥 = 5
5
⇒𝑥=
2

Put the value of 𝑥 in first equation, we get

5
+𝑦 =3
2
1

T IO S
⇒𝑦=
2

I
5 1
NO A D
Hence the value of 𝑥 − and 𝑦 = .

CO N
2 2
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 3.45:
T
Question 32: Solve the following systems of equations:
ED PR

1 5 −3
+ =
C

2(𝑥+2𝑦) 3(3𝑥−2𝑦) 2
©

5 3 61
− =
4(𝑥+2𝑦) 5(3𝑥−2𝑦) 60

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
1 5 −3
+ =
2(𝑥+2𝑦) 3(3𝑥−2𝑦) 2
5 3 61
− =
4(𝑥+2𝑦) 5(3𝑥−2𝑦) 60
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
𝑥+2𝑦 3𝑥−2𝑦
1 5 3
𝑢+ 𝑣=− … (𝑖)
2 3 2
 5 3 61
𝑢− 𝑣= … (𝑖𝑖 )
4 5 60
3 5
Multiply equation (𝑖) by and equation (𝑖𝑖) by add both equations, we
5 3
get

T IO S
3 9
𝑢+𝑣 =
10 10

I
25
𝑢−𝑣 = NO A D 61

CO N
12 36
A
143 143
𝑢=

PY
60 80
DO U A
1
⇒𝑢=
T 3
ED PR

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

1 1 5 3
× + 𝑣=−
C

2 3 3 2
©

5 10
⇒ 𝑣=−
3 6

⇒ 𝑣 = −1
Then
1 1
=
𝑥+2𝑦 3

⇒ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
1
= −1
3𝑥−2𝑦

⇒ 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −1 … (𝑖𝑣 )

Add both equations, we get

 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −1
4𝑥 = 2
1
⇒𝑥=
2

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get

1
+ 2𝑦 = 3
2
5

T IO S
⇒𝑦=
2

I
5
⇒𝑦=
NO A D
4

CO N
A
1 5
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = .
2 4

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.46:
Question 33: Solve the following systems of equations:
C

5 2 1
©

− =
𝑥+1 𝑦−1 2
10 2 5
+ =
𝑥+1 𝑦−1 2

where x ≠ −1 and y ≠ 1
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
5 2 1
− =
𝑥+1 𝑦−1 2
10 2 5
+ =
𝑥+1 𝑦−1 2
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
𝑥+1 𝑦−1
 1
5𝑢 − 2𝑣 = … (𝑖)
2
5
10𝑢 + 2𝑣 = … (𝑖𝑖 )
2

Add both equations, we get

1
5𝑢 − 2𝑣 =
2
5
10𝑢 + 2𝑣 =

T IO S
2

I
15𝑢 = 3
NO A D1

CO N
⇒𝑢=
A
5

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

PY
DO U A
1 1
5 × − 2𝑣 =
T
ED PR

5 2
1
⇒ −2𝑣 = −
2
C

1
⇒𝑣=
©

Then
1 1
=
𝑥+1 5

⇒𝑥+1=5
⇒𝑥=4

1 1
=
𝑦−1 4

⇒𝑦=1=4
⇒𝑦=5
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑦 = 5.

Page No 3.46:
Question 34: Solve the following systems of equations:

T IO S I
NO A D
x + y = 5xy

CO N
3x + 2y = 13xy,
A

PY
x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

The given equations are:

C

x + y = 5xy … (𝑖)
©

3x + 2y = 13xy … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 2 and subtract (ii) from (i), we get
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10𝑥𝑦
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 13𝑥𝑦

−𝑥 = −3𝑥𝑦
1
⇒𝑦=
3

Put the value of 𝑦 in equation (𝑖), we get

1 1
𝑥 + = 5𝑥 ×
3 3
2𝑥 1
⇒ =
3 3
 1
⇒𝑥=
2
1 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
2 3

Page No 3.46:
Question 35: Solve the following systems of equations:

T IO S I
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦
NO A D
CO N
𝑥−𝑦
=6
A
𝑥𝑦

PY
DO U A
x ≠ 0, y ≠ 0
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
C

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦 … (𝑖)
©

𝑥−𝑦
=6
𝑥𝑦

𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Add both equations we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑦
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦

2𝑥 = 8𝑥𝑦
1
⇒𝑦=
4

Put the value of 𝑦 in equation (𝑖), we get

 1 1
𝑥 + = 2𝑥 ×
4 4
−𝑥 1
⇒ =
2 4
1
⇒𝑥=−
2
1 1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = − and 𝑦 = .
2 4

Page No 3.46:

T IO S
Question 36: Solve the following systems of equations:

I
NO A D
2(3u − ν) = 5uν

CO N
2(u + 3ν) = 5uν
A

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A
T
The given equations are:
ED PR

2(3𝑢 − 𝑣) = 5𝑢𝑣
6𝑢 − 2𝑣 = 5𝑢𝑣 … (𝑖)
C
©

2(𝑢 + 𝑣) = 5𝑢𝑣
2𝑢 + 6𝑣 = 5𝑢𝑣 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 3 and add both equations, we get
18𝑢 − 6𝑣 = 15𝑢𝑣
2𝑢 + 6𝑣 = 5𝑢𝑣

20𝑢 = 20𝑢𝑣
⇒𝑣=1
Put the value of 𝑣 in equation (𝑖), we get
6𝑢 − 2 × 1 = 5𝑢 × 1
⇒𝑢=2
Hence the value of 𝑢 = 2 and 𝑣 = 1.

T IO S
Page No 3.46:

I
Question 37: Solve the following systems of equations:
NO A D
CO N
A
2 3 17
+ =
3𝑥+2𝑦 3𝑥−2𝑦 5

PY
DO U A
5 1
+ =2
3𝑥+2𝑦
T
3𝑥−2𝑦
ED PR

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
C
©

2 3 17
+ =
3𝑥+2𝑦 3𝑥−2𝑦 5
5 1
+ =2
3𝑥+2𝑦 3𝑥−2𝑦
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
3𝑥+2𝑦 3𝑥−2𝑦
17
2𝑢 + 3𝑣 = … (𝑖)
5

5𝑢 + 𝑣 = 2 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖𝑖) by 3 and subtract (ii) from (i), we get
17
2𝑢 + 3𝑣 =
5
15𝑢 + 3𝑣 = 6
 13
−13𝑢 = −
5
1
⇒𝑢=
5

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

1 17
2 × + 3𝑣 =
5 5

⇒ 3𝑣 = 3
⇒𝑣=1

T IO S
Then

I
1
NO A D
=
1

CO N
3𝑥+2𝑦 5
A
⇒ 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

1
=1
3𝑥−2𝑦
C

⇒ 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1 … (𝑖𝑣 )
©

Add both equations, we get

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1
6𝑥 = 6
⇒𝑥=1
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get
3 × 1 + 2𝑦 = 5
⇒ 2𝑦 = 2
⇒𝑦=1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1.
 Page No 3.46:
Question 38: Solve the following systems of equations:

44 30
+ = 10
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
55 40
+ = 13
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
The given equations are:
NO A D
CO N
44 30
+ = 10
A
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

PY
55 40
DO U A
+ = 13
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
T
ED PR

1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

44𝑢 + 30𝑣 = 10 … (𝑖)

C
©

55𝑢 + 40𝑣 = 13 … (𝑖𝑖 )

Multiply equation (𝑖) by 4 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 3 add both equations, we
get
176𝑢 + 120𝑣 = 40
165𝑢 + 120𝑣 = 39
11𝑢 = 1
1
⇒𝑢=
11

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

1
44 × + 30𝑣 = 10
11

⇒ 30𝑣 = 6
 1
⇒𝑣=
5

Then
1 1
=
𝑥+𝑦 11

⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

1 1
=

T IO S
𝑥−𝑦 5

I
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =5 … (𝑖𝑣 )
NO A D
CO N
Add both equations, we get
A
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11

PY
DO U A
𝑥−𝑦=5
T
2𝑥 = 16
ED PR

⇒𝑥=8
C

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get

©

8 × 1 + 𝑦 = 11
⇒𝑦=3
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = 3

Page No 3.46:
Question 39: Solve the following systems of equations:

5 1
+ =2
𝑥−1 𝑦−2
6 3
− =1
𝑥−1 𝑦−2
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
5 1
+ =2
𝑥−1 𝑦−2
6 3
− =1
𝑥−1 𝑦−2
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
𝑥−1 𝑦−2

T IO S
5𝑢 + 𝑣 = 2 … (𝑖)

I
6𝑢 − 3𝑣 = 1 … (𝑖𝑖 )
NO A D
CO N
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 3 and add both equations, we get
A
15𝑢 + 3𝑣 = 6

PY
DO U A
6𝑢 − 3𝑣 = 1
T
ED PR

21𝑢 = 7
1
⇒𝑢=
3
C

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

©

1
5× +𝑣 =2
3
1
⇒𝑣=
3

Then
1 1
=
𝑥−1 3

⇒𝑥−1=3
⇒𝑥=4
1 1
=
𝑦−2 3

⇒𝑦−2=3
⇒𝑦=5
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑦 = 5.

T IO S
Page No 3.46:

I
Question 40: Solve the following systems of equations:
NO A D
CO N
A
10 2
+ =4
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

PY
DO U A
15 9
− = −2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
The given equations are:
C
©

10 2
+ =4
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
15 9
− = −2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

10𝑢 + 2𝑣 = 4 … (𝑖)
15𝑢 − 9𝑣 = −2 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 9 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 2 and add both equations,
we get
90𝑢 + 18𝑣 = 36
30𝑢 − 18𝑣 = −4
 120𝑢 = 32
32
⇒𝑢=
120

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

32
10 × + 2𝑣 = 4
120
16
⇒ 2𝑣 =
12
8
⇒𝑣=

T IO S
12

I
Then
NO A D
CO N
1 32
=
A
𝑥+𝑦 120

PY
120
DO U A
⇒𝑥+𝑦 = … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
32
T
ED PR

1 8
=
𝑥−𝑦 12
C
©

12
⇒𝑥−𝑦 = … (𝑖𝑣 )
8

Add both equations, we get

120
𝑥+𝑦=
32
12
𝑥−𝑦=
8
168
2𝑥 =
32
21
⇒𝑥=
8

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get

21 120
1× +𝑦 =
8 32
 9
⇒𝑦=
8
21 9
Hence the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = .
8 8

T IO S
Page No 3.46:

I
NO A D
Question 41: Solve the following systems of equations:

CO N
A
1 1 3
+ =

PY
DO U A
3𝑥+𝑦 3𝑥−𝑦 4
1
T 1 1
− =−
ED PR

2(3𝑥+𝑦) 2(3𝑥−𝑦) 8

ANSWER:
C

The given equations are:

©

1 1 3
+ =
3𝑥+𝑦 3𝑥−𝑦 4
1 1 1
− =−
2(3𝑥+𝑦) 2(3𝑥−𝑦) 8

1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 then equations are
3𝑥+𝑦 3𝑥−𝑦
3
𝑢+𝑣 = … (𝑖)
4
𝑢 𝑣 1
− = … (𝑖𝑖 )
2 2 8

Multiply equation (𝑖𝑖) by 2 and add both equations, we get

 3
𝑢+𝑣 =
4
1
𝑢−𝑣 =−
4
1
2𝑢 =
2
1
⇒𝑢=
4

Put the value of 𝑢 in equation (𝑖), we get

1 3
1× +𝑣 =
4 4

T IO S
1
⇒𝑣=

I
2
NO A D
CO N
Then
A
1 1
=

PY
DO U A
3𝑥+𝑦 T4

⇒ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
ED PR

1 1
C

=
3𝑥−𝑦 2
©

⇒ 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 … (𝑖𝑣 )
Add both equations, we get
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
6𝑥 = 6
⇒𝑥=1
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get
3×1+𝑦 =4
⇒𝑦=1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1
Page No 3.46:
Question 42: Solve the following systems of equations:

7𝑥−2𝑦
=5
𝑥𝑦
8𝑥+7𝑦
= 15
𝑥𝑦

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
The given equations are:
NO A D
CO N
7𝑥−2𝑦
=5
A
𝑥𝑦

PY
DO U A
7𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑦 … (𝑖)
T
ED PR

8𝑥+7𝑦
= 15
𝑥𝑦
C

8𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 15𝑥𝑦 … (𝑖𝑖 )
©

Multiply equation (𝑖) by 7 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 2, add both equations we

get
49𝑥 − 14𝑦 = 35𝑥𝑦
16𝑥 + 14𝑦 = 30𝑥𝑦
65𝑥 = 65𝑥𝑦
⇒𝑦=1
Put the value of 𝑦 in equation (𝑖), we get
7𝑥 − 2 × 1 = 5𝑥 × 1
⇒ 2𝑥 = 2
⇒𝑥=1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = 1

Page No 3.46:
Question 43: Solve the following systems of equations:

152x − 378y = −74

−378x + 152y = −604

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
The given equations are:
NO A D
CO N
152𝑥 − 378𝑦 = −74 … (𝑖)
A
−378𝑥 + 152𝑦 = −604 … (𝑖𝑖 )

PY
DO U A

Multiply equation (𝑖) by 152 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 378 and add both
T
ED PR

equations we get
23104𝑥 − 57456𝑦 = −11248
C

−142884𝑥 + 57456𝑦 = −2283312

©

−119780𝑥 = −239560
⇒𝑥=2
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get
152 × 2 − 378𝑦 = −74
⇒ −378𝑦 = −378
⇒𝑦=1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 1

Page No 3.46:
Question 44: Solve the following systems of equations:

99x + 101y = 499

101x + 99y = 501
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
99𝑥 + 101𝑦 = 499 … (𝑖)

T IO S
101𝑥 + 99𝑦 = 501 … (𝑖𝑖 )

I
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 99 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 101, and subtract (ii)
NO A D
CO N
from (i) we get
A
9801𝑥 − 9999𝑦 = 49401

PY
DO U A
10201𝑥 + 9999𝑦 = 50601
T
−400𝑥 = −1200
ED PR

⇒𝑥=3
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get
C
©

99 × 3 + 101𝑦 = 499
⇒ 101𝑦 = 202
⇒𝑦=2
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 2

Page No 3.46:
Question 45: Solve the following systems of equations:

23x − 29y = 98
29x − 23y = 110
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
23𝑥 − 29𝑦 = 98 … (𝑖)
29𝑥 − 23𝑦 = 110 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiply equation (𝑖) by 23 and equation (𝑖𝑖) by 29 and subtract (ii)
from (i) we get

T IO S
529𝑥 − 667𝑦 = 2254

I
NO A D
841𝑥 + 667𝑦 = 3190

CO N
−312𝑥 = −936
A
⇒𝑥=3

PY
DO U A

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

T
ED PR

23 × 3 − 29𝑦 = 98
⇒ −29𝑦 = 29
C
©

⇒ 𝑦 = −1
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −1

Page No 3.46:
Question 46: Solve the following systems of equations:

x−y+z=4
x − 2y − 2z = 9
2x + y + 3z = 1
ANSWER:
The given equations are:
x−y+z=4 … (𝑖)
x − 2y − 2z = 9 … (𝑖𝑖 )
2x + y + 3z = 1 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
First of all we find the value of 𝑥
𝑥 =4+𝑦−𝑧
Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get
4 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 9

T IO S
⇒ −3𝑧 − 𝑦 = 5 … (𝑖𝑣 )

I
NO A D
Put the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 in equation in (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get

CO N
A
2(4 + 𝑦 − 𝑧) + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1

PY
DO U A
⇒ 8 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1
T
⇒ 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = −7 … (𝑣)
ED PR

Multiply equation (𝑖𝑣) by 3 and add equations (𝑖𝑣) and (𝑣), we get
C

−9𝑧 − 3𝑦 = 15
©

3𝑦 + 𝑧 = −7
−8𝑧 = 8
⇒ 𝑧 = −1
Put the value of 𝑧 in equation (𝑣), we get
3𝑦 − 1 = −7
⇒ 3𝑦 = −6
⇒ 𝑦 = −2
Put the value of 𝑦 and 𝑧 in equation (𝑖) we get
𝑥 − (−2) − 1 = 4
⇒𝑥=3
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = −2 and 𝑧 = −1.

Page No 3.46:
Question 47: Solve the following systems of equations:

x−y+z=4
x+y+z=2
2x + y − 3z = 0

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
The given equations are:

CO N
A
x−y+z=4 … (𝑖)

PY
DO U A
x+y+z=2 … (𝑖𝑖 )
2x + y − 3z = 0 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
T
ED PR

First of all we find the value of 𝑥

𝑥 =4+𝑦−𝑧
C
©

Put the value of 𝑥 in equation (𝑖), we get

4+𝑦−𝑧+𝑦+𝑧 =2
⇒ 2𝑦 = −2
⇒ 𝑦 = −1
Put the value of 𝑥 and 𝑦 in equation in (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get
2(4 + 𝑦 − 𝑧) + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 0
⇒ 8 − 2 − 2𝑧 − 1 − 3𝑧 = 0
⇒ −5𝑧 = −5
⇒𝑧=1
Put the value of 𝑦 and 𝑧 in equation (𝑖𝑖 ), we get
𝑥 − (−1) + 1 = 4
⇒𝑥=2
Hence the value of 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1 and 𝑧 = 1.

T IO S
Page No 3.46:

I
Question 48:
NO A D
CO N
21x + 47y = 110
A
47x + 21y = 162

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

21x + 47y = 110 . . . (𝑖)

47x + 21y = 162 . . . (𝑖𝑖)
C
©

Adding(i) and (ii), we get

68𝑥 + 68𝑦 = 272
⇒𝑥+𝑦 =4 . . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
26𝑥 − 26𝑦 = 52
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =2 . . . . . (𝑖𝑣)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
2𝑥 = 6
⇒𝑥=3
Putting 𝑥 = 3 in (iv), we get
3 − 𝑦 = 2
⇒ 𝑦 = 1

Page No 3.46:
Question 49: If (x + 1) is a factor of 2𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 1, then find the
values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 given that 2a − 3b = 4.
ANSWER:

T IO S
Since (x + 1) is a factor of 2𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 1, so

I
NO A D
2(−1)3 + 𝑎(−1)2 + 2𝑏(−1) + 1 = 0

CO N
A
⇒ −2 + 𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 1 = 0

PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑎 − 2𝑏 − 1 = 0
T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 1 . . . (𝑖)
Also, we are given
C

2a − 3b = 4 . . . (𝑖𝑖)
©

From (i) and (ii) we get

𝑎 = 1 + 2𝑏 . . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Substituting the value of 𝑎 in (ii), we get
2(1 + 2𝑏) − 3𝑏 = 4
⇒ 2 + 4𝑏 − 3𝑏 = 4
⇒𝑏=2
Putting 𝑏 = 2 in (iii), we get
𝑎 = 1 + 2 × 2 = 5
Thus, the value of a = 5 and b = 2.
 Page No 3.46:
𝑥 𝑦
Question 50: Find the solution of the pair of equations + −1=0
10 5
𝑥 𝑦
and + = 15. Hence, find λ, if y = λx + 5.
8 6

ANSWER:
The given equations are

T IO S
𝑥 𝑦
+ −1=0
10 5

I
𝑥 𝑦
NO A D
+ = 15

CO N
8 6
A
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
10 5

PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10 … (𝑖)
T
ED PR

𝑥 𝑦
+ = 15
8 6

⇒ 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 360 . . . (𝑖𝑖)
C
©

Multiplying (i) by 2, we get

2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20 . . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Subtracting (ii) from (iii), we get
x = 340
Putting x = 340 in (i), we get
340 + 2y = 10
⇒ 2y = 10 − 340 = −330
⇒ y = −165
Now, in order to find the value of λ, we simply put the value of x and y in
the equation 𝑦 = 𝜆𝑥 + 5.
∴ −165 = 𝜆(340) + 5
170
⇒𝜆=−
340
1
⇒𝜆=−
2
1
Thus, the value of 𝜆 = − .
2

Page No 3.47:

T IO S I
Question 51: Find the values of x and y in the following rectangle.
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

ANSWER:

ABCD is the given rectangle. So, AB = CD and AD = BC.

Thus,
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 13 … (𝑖)
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 . . . (𝑖𝑖)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
4𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20
⇒𝑥+𝑦 =5 . . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
2x − 2y = −6

T IO S I
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3 . . . (𝑖𝑣)
NO A D
CO N
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
A
2x = 2

PY
DO U A

⇒𝑥=1
T
ED PR

Putting x = 1 in (iii), we get

1+y=5
C
©

⇒y=4
Thus, x = 1 and y = 4.

Page No 3.47:
Question 52: Write an equation of a line passing through the point
representing solution of the pair of linear equations x + y = 2 and 2x − y
= 1. How many such lines can we find?
ANSWER:
The given equations are
𝑥+𝑦 =2 … (𝑖 )
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 … (𝑖𝑖)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
3x = 3
⇒x=1
Putting x = 1 in (i), we get
1+y=2
⇒y=1

T IO S
Thus, the solution of the given equations is (1, 1).

I
We know that, infinitely many straight lines pass through a single point.
NO A D
CO N
So, the equation of one such line can be 3x + 2y = 5 or 2x + 3y = 5.
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 3.47:
T
ED PR

Question 53: Write a pair of linear equations which has the unique
solution x = −1, y = 3. How many such pairs can you write?
C

ANSWER:
©

The unique solution is given as x = −1 and y = 3.

The one pair of linear equations having x = −1 and y = 3 as unique
solutions can be
12x + 5y = 3
2x + y = 1
Similarly, infinitely many pairs of linear equations are possible.
 Exercise 3.4
Page No 3.57:
Question 1: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

x + 2y + 1 = 0
2x − 3y − 12 = 0
ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN:

I
NO A D
x + 2y + 1 = 0

CO N
A
2x − 3y − 12 = 0

PY
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
DO U A

multiplication:
T
ED PR

By cross multiplication method we get

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
C

(2×(−12))−(−3×1) (1×(−12))−(1×2) (1×(−3))−(2×2)

©

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−24+3 −12−2 −3−4
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−21 −14 −7
−21
𝑥= =3
−7
14
and 𝑦 = = −2
−7

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = −2

Page No 3.57:
Question 2: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :
3x + 2y + 25 = 0
2x + y + 10 = 0
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
3x + 2y + 25 = 0
2x + y + 10 = 0

T IO S
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:

I
NO A D
By cross multiplication method we get

CO N
A
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= (3×10)−(2×25) = (3×1)−(2×2)

PY
(2×10)−(1×25)
DO U A
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
T
24−25 30−50 3−4
ED PR

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−5 −20 −1
C

−5
𝑥= =5
©

−1
20
Also 𝑦 =
−1
20
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑦 =
−1

Page No 3.57:
Question 3: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

2x + y = 35
3x + 4y = 65
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2x + y = 35
3x + 4y = 65
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 35 = 0

T IO S
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 65 = 0

I
NO A D
By cross multiplication method we get

CO N
𝑥 −𝑦 1
A
= = (2×4)−(1×3)
(1×(−65))−(4×(−35)) (2×(−65))−(3×(−35))

PY
DO U A
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
T −65+140 −130+105 8−3
ED PR

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
75 −25 5
75
C

𝑥= = 15
5
©

25
Also 𝑦 =
5

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 15 and 𝑦 = 5

Page No 3.57:
Question 4: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

2x − y = 6
x−y=2
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2x − y = 6
x−y=2
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 6 = 0

T IO S
𝑥−𝑦−2=0

I
NO A D
By cross multiplication method we get

CO N
𝑥 −𝑦 1
A
= =
((−1)×(−2))−((−1)×(−6)) (2×(−2))−(1×(−6)) (2×(−1))−(1×(−1))

PY
DO U A
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
T2−6 −4+6 −2+1
ED PR

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−4 2 −1
−4
C

𝑥= =4
−1
©

−2
𝑦= =2
−1

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑦 = 2

Page No 3.57:
Question 5: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
= 2, =6
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦

ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑥+𝑦
=2
𝑥𝑦
𝑥−𝑦
=6
𝑥𝑦

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
𝑥+𝑦
=2
𝑥𝑦

T IO S
1 1
+ =2

I
𝑥 𝑦
NO A D
CO N
1 1
+ −2=0 … (1)
A
𝑥 𝑦

PY
𝑥−𝑦
DO U A
=6
𝑥𝑦
T
ED PR

1 1
− =6
𝑦 𝑥
1 1
− −6=0 … (2)
C

𝑦 𝑥
©

Let
1 1
𝑢= and =𝑣
𝑥 𝑦

𝑢+𝑣−2=0 … (3)
−𝑢 + 𝑣 − 6 = 0 … (4)
By cross multiplication method we get
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
((1)×(−6))−((1)×(−2)) (1×(−6))−((−1)×(−2)) (1×(1))−((−1)×(1))
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−6+2 −6−2 2
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−4 −8 2
 𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
4 8 2

𝑢 = −2
𝑣 1
So =
8 2

𝑣=4
We know that
1 1
−2 = and =4

T IO S
𝑥 𝑦
1 1

I
⇒ 𝑥 = − and 𝑦 =
NO A D 2 4

CO N
1 1
A
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = − and 𝑦 =
2 4

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 3.57:
ED PR

Question 6: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the

method of cross-multiplication :
C
©

ax + by = a − b
bx − ay = a + b
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
ax + by = a − b
bx − ay = a + b
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
ax + by – (a – b) = 0
bx – ay – (a + b) = 0
By cross multiplication method we get
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
((𝑏)×(−(𝑎+𝑏)))−((−𝑎)×(−(𝑎−𝑏))) (𝑎×(−(𝑎+𝑏)))−(𝑏×(−(𝑎−𝑏))) −𝑎2 −𝑏2

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−𝑎𝑏−𝑏2 )−(𝑎2 −𝑎𝑏)
= (−𝑎2 = (−𝑎2
−𝑎𝑏)−(−𝑎𝑏+𝑏2 ) −𝑏2 )
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−𝑎2 −𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏+𝑎𝑏)
= (−𝑎2 = (−𝑎2
−𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏+𝑎𝑏) −𝑏2 )

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
= (−𝑎2 = (−𝑎2
−𝑏2 ) −𝑏2 )

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Therefore 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = −1
T
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑦 = −1
ED PR
C

Page No 3.57:
©

Question 7: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the

method of cross-multiplication :

x + ay = b
ax − by = c
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
x + ay = b
ax − by = c
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
x + ay – b = 0
ax − by – c = 0
By cross multiplication method we get
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
((𝑎×(−𝑐)))−((−𝑏)×(−𝑏)) (1×(−𝑐))−(𝑎×(−𝑏)) (1×(−𝑏))−(𝑎×𝑎)

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 )
= (−𝑐+𝑎𝑏) = (−𝑏−𝑎2 )

T IO S
(−𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 )
𝑥=

I
(−𝑏−𝑎2 )
NO A D
CO N
A
(−𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 ) −(−𝑐−𝑎𝑏) (𝑎𝑏−𝑐)

PY
𝑥= , and 𝑦 = , 𝑦 = (−𝑏−𝑎2 )
DO U A
(𝑏+𝑎2 ) (−𝑏−𝑎2 )
T
(−𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 ) (𝑎𝑏−𝑐)
ED PR

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = (𝑏+𝑎2 )

and 𝑦 = (−𝑏−𝑎2 )
C
©

Page No 3.57:
Question 8: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

ax + by = a2
bx + ay = b2
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
ax + by = a2
bx + ay = b2
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
ax + by – a2 = 0
bx + ay – b2 = 0
By cross multiplication method we get
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
((𝑏×(−𝑏2 )))−((𝑎)×(−𝑎2 )) (𝑎×(−𝑏2 ))−(𝑏×(−𝑎2 )) (𝑎×(𝑎))−(𝑏×𝑏)

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(𝑏3 −𝑎3 )
= (−𝑎𝑏2 = (𝑎2
+𝑎2 𝑏) −𝑏2 )

T IO S
𝑥 1
3 ) = (𝑎2

I
(𝑏3 −𝑎 −𝑏2 )

NO A D
CO N
(𝑏3 −𝑎3 )
𝑥=
A
(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )

PY
DO U A
T
(𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎2 +𝑎𝑏+𝑏2 )
{since (𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 ) = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )}
ED PR

𝑥= (𝑎2 −𝑏2 )

(𝑎2 +𝑎𝑏+𝑏2 )
𝑥= {since (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)}
C

(𝑎+𝑏)
©

And
−𝑦 1
(𝑎𝑏2 +𝑎2 𝑏)
= (𝑎2
−𝑏2 )

(−𝑎𝑏2 +𝑎2 𝑏)
𝑦= (𝑎2 −𝑏2 )

(−𝑎𝑏(𝑎−𝑏))
𝑦= (𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
(−𝑎𝑏(𝑎−𝑏)
𝑦 = (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏) {since (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)}
−𝑎𝑏
𝑦 = (𝑎+𝑏)
(𝑎2 +𝑎𝑏+𝑏2 ) −𝑎𝑏
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = (𝑎+𝑏)
and 𝑦 = (𝑎+𝑏)
 Page No 3.57:
Question 9: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication:

5 2
− = −1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
15 7
+ = 10,

T IO S
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

I
NO A D
where x ≠ 0 and y ≠ 0

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

GIVEN:
5 2
− = −1
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
C
©

15 7
+ = 10,
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
Rewriting the equation again
5 2
− +1=0
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
15 7
+ − 10 = 0
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
Taking 𝑢 = and 𝑣 =
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

5𝑢 − 2𝑣 + 1 = 0 … (1)
15𝑢 + 7𝑣 − 10 = 0 … (2)
By cross multiplication method we get
𝑢 −𝑣 1
(20)−(7)
= (−50)−(15) = (35)−(−30)
𝑢 −𝑣 1
⇒ = =
13 −65 65
𝑢 𝑣 1
⇒ = =
13 65 65
𝑢 1

T IO S
⇒ =
13 65

I
1
⇒𝑢=
NO A D
5

CO N
A
And

PY
𝑣 1
DO U A
=
65 65
T
ED PR

𝑣=1
We know that
C

1 1
𝑢= and 𝑣 =
©

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
⇒ =
5 𝑥+𝑦

⇒𝑥+𝑦 =5 … (3)
and
1
1=
𝑥−𝑦

⇒𝑥−𝑦 =1 … (4)
Adding equation (3) and (4)
2𝑥 = 6
𝑥=3
Substituting value of x in equation (3) we get
𝑦 =5−3
=2
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑦 = 2

T IO S I
Page No 3.57:
NO A D
CO N
Question 10: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
A
method of cross-multiplication :

PY
DO U A
2 3
+ = 13
T
𝑥 𝑦
ED PR

5 4
− = −2
𝑥 𝑦
C

where x ≠ 0 and y ≠ 0
©

ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2 3
+ = 13
𝑥 𝑦
5 4
− = −2
𝑥 𝑦

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
Rewriting the equation again
2 3
+ − 13 = 0
𝑥 𝑦
5 4
− +2=0
𝑥 𝑦
1 1
Taking 𝑢 = and 𝑣 =
𝑥 𝑦

2𝑢 + 3𝑣 + 13 = 0 … (1)
5𝑢 − 4𝑣 + 2 = 0 … (2)
By cross multiplication method we get from eq. (1) and eq. (2)
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= (4)−(−65) = (−8)−(15)

T IO S
(6)−(52)

I
𝑢 −𝑣 1
⇒ = =
−46
NO A D 69 −23

CO N
A
𝑢 1
⇒ =
−46 −23

PY
DO U A
⇒𝑢=2
T
ED PR

And
−𝑣 1
=
69 −23
C

69
©

−𝑣 =
−23

⇒𝑣=3
We know that
1 1
Taking 𝑢 = and 𝑣 =
𝑥 𝑦
1 1
2= ⇒𝑥=
𝑥 2

and
1 1
3= ⇒𝑥=
𝑦 2
1 1
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
2 3
 Page No 3.57:
Question 11: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

57 6
+ =5
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
38 21
+ =9
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
GIVEN: NO A D
CO N
A
57 6
+ =5

PY
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
DO U A

38 21
T
+ =9
ED PR

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
C
©

Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

57 6
+ −5=0
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
38 21
+ −9=0
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and =𝑣
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

Now rewriting the given equation as

57𝑢 + 6𝑣 − 5 = 0 … (1)
38𝑢 + 21𝑣 − 9 = 0 … (2)
By cross multiplication method we get
 𝑢 −𝑣 1
(−9×6)−(−5×21)
= (−9×57)−(−5×38) = (21×57)−(38×6)
𝑢 −𝑣 1
(−54)−(−105)
= (−513)−(−190) = (1197)−(228)
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
51 −323 969
𝑢 𝑣 1
= =
51 323 969

T IO S
Consider the following for u

I
𝑢 1
51
=
NO A D
969

CO N
A
1
⇒𝑢=
19

PY
DO U A
Consider the following for v
T
ED PR

𝑣 1
=
323 969
1
⇒𝑣=
C

3
©

We know that
1 1
= 𝑢 and =𝑣
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
1 1
=
𝑥+𝑦 19

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 19 … (3)
1 1
=
𝑥−𝑦 3

𝑥−𝑦 =3 … (4)
Now adding eq. (3) and (4) we get 𝑥 = 11
And after substituting the value of 𝑥 in eq. (4) we get 𝑦 = 8
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 11 and 𝑦 = 8

Page No 3.57:
Question 12: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

𝑥 𝑦
+ =2
𝑎 𝑏

T IO S
𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
A
GIVEN:
𝑥 𝑦

PY
+ =2
DO U A
𝑎 𝑏
T
𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
ED PR

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
C
©

Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

𝑥 𝑦
+ −2=0
𝑎 𝑏

𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦 − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0
By cross multiplication method we get
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= 1
= 1 1
1 (𝑎×(𝑎2 −𝑏2 ))−(−2×(𝑎)) (𝑎×(−𝑏))−(𝑏×(𝑎))
((𝑏×(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )))−((−2)×(−𝑏))

𝑥 −𝑦 1
−(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
= −(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
= (−𝑏) (𝑎)
−2𝑏 ( )+2𝑎 ( 𝑎 )−( 𝑏 )
𝑏 𝑎

𝑥 −𝑦 1
−(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )−2𝑏
= −(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )+2𝑎
= (−𝑏2 )−(𝑎2 )
𝑏
( 𝑎
) ( 𝑎𝑏
)
 𝑥 −𝑦 1
−(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )−2𝑏2
= −(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )+2𝑎2
= −(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
𝑏
( 𝑎
) ( 𝑎𝑏
)

So for x we have
𝑥 1
−(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )−2𝑏2
= −(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
𝑏
( 𝑎𝑏
)

𝑥 1
−(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= −(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
𝑏
( 𝑎𝑏
)

T IO S
𝑥=𝑎

I
And
NO A D
CO N
−𝑦 1
A
−(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )+2𝑎2
= −(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
( ) ( )

PY
𝑎 𝑎𝑏
DO U A
−𝑦 1
=
T
−(𝑎2 +𝑏2 ) −(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
ED PR

( 𝑎
) ( 𝑎𝑏
)

𝑦=𝑎
C

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑦 = 𝑏

©

Page No 3.57:
Question 13: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

𝑥 𝑦
+ =𝑎+𝑏
𝑎 𝑏
𝑥 𝑦
𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
=2
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑥 𝑦
+ =𝑎+𝑏
𝑎 𝑏
𝑥 𝑦
𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
=2

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

T IO S I
𝑥 𝑦
+ − (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0
𝑎 𝑏
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 𝑦
A
𝑎 2 + 𝑏2
−2=0

PY
DO U A
By cross multiplication method we get
T
𝑥 −𝑦 1
ED PR

= 1 1
= 1 1 1 1
1 1
((𝑏×(−2)))−( 2 ×(−(𝑎+𝑏))) (𝑎×(−2))−( 2 ×(−(𝑎+𝑏))) (𝑎 × 2 )−(𝑏 × 2 )
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
𝑏
C

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
©

−2 𝑎 + 𝑏 −2 𝑎 + 𝑏 1 1
− 2 ( 𝑎 )+ 2 ( 2 )−( 2 )
𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎𝑏 𝑎 𝑏

𝑥 −𝑦 1
−2𝑏+𝑎+𝑏 = −2𝑎+𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑎−𝑏
( 2 2)
𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑏
𝑥 1
⇒ 𝑎−𝑏 = 𝑎−𝑏
( 2 2)
𝑏2 𝑎 𝑏

⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑎2
And
−𝑦 1
−2𝑎+𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑎−𝑏
( 2 2)
𝑎2 𝑎 𝑏
−𝑦 1
−2𝑎+𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑎−𝑏
( 2 2)
𝑎2 𝑎 𝑏
 𝑦 1
⇒ 𝑎−𝑏 = 𝑎−𝑏
( 2 2)
𝑎2 𝑎 𝑏

⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑏2
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 𝑎2 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 2

T IO S I
Page No 3.58:
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 14: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

PY
DO U A

𝑥 𝑦
T
=
ED PR

𝑎 𝑏

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
C

ANSWER:
©

GIVEN:
𝑥 𝑦
=
𝑎 𝑏

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
𝑥 𝑦
− =0
𝑎 𝑏

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 − (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) = 0
By cross multiplication method we get
 𝑥 −𝑦 1
= 1
= 1 1
1 (𝑎×−(𝑎2 +𝑏2 ))−(0×(𝑎)) (𝑎×(−𝑏))−(−𝑏×(𝑎))
((−𝑏×−(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )))−(0×(−𝑏))

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= −(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= (𝑏) (𝑎)
( ) ( 𝑎 )−(− 𝑏 )
𝑏 𝑎

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= −(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= 𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑏
( 𝑎
) 𝑎𝑏

𝑥 1
⇒ (𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= 𝑎2 +𝑏2

T IO S
𝑏 𝑎𝑏

I
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )

⇒𝑥= NO A D 𝑏

CO N
𝑎2 +𝑏2
A
𝑎𝑏

PY
⇒𝑥=𝑎
DO U A

And
T
ED PR

−𝑦 1
−(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= (𝑏) (𝑎)
( ) ( 𝑎 )−(− 𝑏 )
𝑎
C

−𝑦 1
©

−(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= 𝑎2 +𝑏2
( 𝑎
) 𝑎𝑏

(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
𝑎
⇒𝑦= 𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑎𝑏

⇒𝑦=𝑏
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑦 = 𝑏

Page No 3.58:
Question 15: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :
2ax + 3by = a + 2b
3ax + 2by = 2a + b
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2ax + 3by = a + 2b
3ax + 2by = 2a + b
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

T IO S
multiplication:

I
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
NO A D
CO N
2ax + 3by – (a + 2b) = 0
A
3ax + 2by – (2a + b) = 0

PY
DO U A
By cross multiplication method we get
T
𝑥 −𝑦 1
ED PR

= =
(−(2𝑎+𝑏)×3𝑏)−(2𝑏×(−(𝑎+2𝑏))) (2𝑎×(−(2𝑎+𝑏)))−((3𝑎)×(−(𝑎+2𝑏))) 4𝑎𝑏−9𝑎𝑏

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
C

(−(2𝑎+𝑏)×3𝑏)−(2𝑏×(−(𝑎+2𝑏))) (2𝑎×(−(2𝑎+𝑏)))−((3𝑎)×(−(𝑎+2𝑏))) −5𝑎𝑏

©

Now consider
𝑥 1
=
(−(2𝑎+𝑏)×3𝑏)−(2𝑏×(−(𝑎+2𝑏))) −5𝑎𝑏

−5𝑎𝑏𝑥 = (−(2𝑎 + 𝑏) × 3𝑏) − (2𝑏 × (−(𝑎 + 2𝑏)))

−5𝑎𝑏𝑥 = (−6𝑎𝑏 − 3𝑏 2 ) − (−2𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑏 2 )

−5𝑎𝑏𝑥 = −4𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
5𝑥𝑎𝑏 = 4𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏 2
4𝑎𝑏−𝑏2
⇒𝑥=
5𝑎𝑏
4𝑎−𝑏
⇒𝑥=
5𝑎
5𝑥𝑎𝑏 = 4𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏²
4𝑎𝑏−𝑏2
⇒𝑥=
5𝑎𝑏
4𝑎−𝑏
⇒𝑥=
5𝑎

And
−𝑦 1
=
(2𝑎×(−(2𝑎+𝑏)))−((3𝑎)×(−(𝑎+2𝑏))) −5𝑎𝑏

T IO S
5𝑦𝑎𝑏 = (2𝑎) × (−(2𝑎 + 𝑏)) − ((3𝑎) × (−(𝑎 + 2𝑏))

I
5𝑦𝑎𝑏 = −4𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 − (−3𝑎2 − 6𝑎𝑏)
NO A D
CO N
A
5𝑦𝑎𝑏 = −𝑎2 + 4𝑎𝑏

PY
4𝑎𝑏−𝑎2
DO U A
⇒𝑦=
5𝑎𝑏
T
ED PR

4𝑏−𝑎
⇒𝑦=
5𝑏
4𝑎−𝑏 4𝑏−𝑎
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
C

5𝑎 5𝑏
©

Page No 3.58:
Question 16: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

5ax + 6by = 28
3ax + 4by = 18
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
5ax + 6by = 28
3ax + 4by = 18
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
5ax + 6by − 28 = 0
3ax + 4by − 18 = 0
By cross multiplication method we get

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =

I
(−18×6𝑏)−(4𝑏×(−28)) (5𝑎×(−18))−((3𝑎)×−(28)) 20𝑎𝑏−18𝑎𝑏

NO A D
𝑥 −𝑦 1

CO N
= (−90𝑎)−(−84𝑎) =
A
(−108𝑏)−(−112𝑏) 2𝑎𝑏
𝑥 −𝑦 1

PY
= =
DO U A
4𝑏 −6𝑎 2𝑎𝑏
𝑥 𝑦
T 1
= =
ED PR

4𝑏 6𝑎 2𝑎𝑏

Consider the following to calculate x

C

𝑥 1
=
©

4𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
4𝑏
𝑥=
2𝑎𝑏
2
⇒𝑥=
𝑎

And
𝑦 1
=
6𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
𝑦 1
=
6𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
6𝑎 3
⇒𝑦= =
2𝑎𝑏 𝑎
2 3
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
𝑎 𝑎
 Page No 3.58:
Question 17: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

(a + 2b)x + (2a − b)y = 2

(a − 2b)x + (2a + b)y = 3
ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN:

I
NO A D
(a + 2b)x + (2a − b)y = 2

CO N
A
(a − 2b)x + (2a + b)y = 3

PY
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
DO U A

multiplication:
T
ED PR

Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

(a + 2b)x + (2a − b)y – 2 = 0
C

(a − 2b)x + (2a + b)y – 3 = 0

©

By cross multiplication method we get

𝑥 −𝑦
= (−3)×(𝑎+2𝑏)−((−2)×(𝑎−2𝑏))
((2𝑎−𝑏)×−3)−((2𝑎+𝑏)×(−2))
1
= (𝑎+2𝑏)(2𝑎+𝑏)−(𝑎−2𝑏)(2𝑎−𝑏)
𝑥 −𝑦
(−6𝑎+3𝑏)−(−4𝑎−2𝑏)
= (−3𝑎−6𝑏)−(−2𝑎+4𝑏)
1
= (2𝑎2
+4𝑎𝑏+𝑎𝑏+2𝑏2 )−(2𝑎2 −4𝑎𝑏−𝑎𝑏+2𝑏2 )

𝑥 𝑦 1
(−2𝑎+5𝑏)
= (−𝑎−10𝑏) =
10𝑎𝑏
 𝑥 𝑦 1
(−2𝑎+5𝑏)
= (𝑎+10𝑏) =
10𝑎𝑏
𝑥 1
⇒ (−2𝑎+5𝑏) =
10𝑎𝑏
(5𝑏−2𝑎)
⇒𝑥=
10𝑎𝑏

And
𝑦 1
(−𝑎−10𝑏)
=
10𝑎𝑏

T IO S
𝑦 1
⇒ (𝑎−10𝑏) =

I
10𝑎𝑏

NO A D
(𝑎+10𝑏)

CO N
⇒𝑦=
A
10𝑎𝑏
(5𝑏−2𝑎) (𝑎+10𝑏)

PY
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
DO U A
10𝑎𝑏 10𝑎𝑏
T
ED PR

Page No 3.58:
C

Question 18: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the

©

method of cross-multiplication :

𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
𝑥 ((𝑎 − 𝑏) + ) = 𝑦 ((𝑎 + 𝑏) − )
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎2
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
𝑥 ((𝑎 − 𝑏) + ) = 𝑦 ((𝑎 + 𝑏) − )
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎2
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
𝑥 ((𝑎 − 𝑏) + ) − 𝑦 ((𝑎 + 𝑏) − )=0
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏

𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑎2 = 0
By cross multiplication method we get

𝑥 −𝑦
= 𝑎𝑏

T IO S
𝑎𝑏 (−2𝑎2 )×((𝑎−𝑏)+ )−0
((−2𝑎2 )×−((𝑎+𝑏)+𝑎+𝑏))−0 𝑎−𝑏

I
1
NO A D =

CO N
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏
((𝑎−𝑏)+𝑎−𝑏)−(−((𝑎+𝑏)−𝑎+𝑏))
A

PY
𝑥 −𝑦
=
DO U A
(𝑎+𝑏)2 −𝑎𝑏 (𝑎−𝑏)2 +𝑎𝑏
((−2𝑎2 )×−( )) (−2𝑎2 )×( )
T 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
ED PR

1
= (𝑎+𝑏)2 +𝑎𝑏 (𝑎+𝑏)2 −𝑎𝑏
( 𝑎−𝑏
)−(−( 𝑎+𝑏
))
C
©

𝑥 −𝑦
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 +2𝑎𝑏)−𝑎𝑏
= (𝑎2 +𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑏)+𝑎𝑏
((−2𝑎2 )×−( )) (−2𝑎2 )×( )
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏

1
= (𝑎2 +𝑏2 +2𝑎𝑏)−𝑎𝑏 (𝑎2 +𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑏)+𝑎𝑏
( 𝑎−𝑏
)−(−( 𝑎+𝑏
))

𝑥 −𝑦
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎𝑏)
= (𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏)
((−2𝑎2 )×−( )) (−2𝑎2 )×( )
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏

1
= (𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏) (𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎𝑏)
( 𝑎−𝑏
)−(−( 𝑎+𝑏
))

𝑥 𝑦
2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 +2𝑎3 𝑏
= 2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 −2𝑎3 𝑏
( 𝑎+𝑏
) ( 𝑎−𝑏
)
 1
= (𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏) (𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎𝑏)
( 𝑎−𝑏
)−(−( 𝑎+𝑏
))

𝑥 𝑦
2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 +2𝑎3 𝑏
= 2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 −2𝑎3 𝑏
( 𝑎+𝑏
) ( 𝑎−𝑏
)

1
= (𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)+(𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)
( (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)
)

𝑥 𝑦 1
2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 +2𝑎3 𝑏
= 2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 −2𝑎3 𝑏
= (𝑎3 +𝑏3 +𝑎3 −𝑏3

T IO S
( 𝑎+𝑏
) ( 𝑎−𝑏
) ( (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏) )

I
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
A
(2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 +2𝑎3 𝑏) (2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 −2𝑎3 𝑏) 2𝑎3
((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏

PY
DO U A
Consider the following for x
T
ED PR

𝑥 1
(2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 +2𝑎3 𝑏)
= 2𝑎3
((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑎+𝑏
C

𝑥 1
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎𝑏)
=
©

𝑎
((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑎+𝑏

𝑎 (𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎𝑏)

𝑥 ((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)) =
𝑎+𝑏

(𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)

𝑥=
𝑎
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)
𝑥=
𝑎
(𝑎3 +𝑎𝑏2 +𝑎2 𝑏−𝑏3 −𝑎𝑏2 −𝑎2 𝑏)
𝑥=
𝑎
(𝑎3 −𝑏3 )
𝑥=
𝑎

And
 𝑦 1
(2𝑎4 +2𝑎2 𝑏2 −2𝑎3 𝑏)
= 2𝑎3
((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑎−𝑏

𝑦 1
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏)
= 2𝑎
((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑎−𝑏
𝑦 1
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏)
= 𝑎
((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑎−𝑏

(𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏)

T IO S
𝑎
𝑦 ((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)) =
𝑎−𝑏

I
NO A D 𝑦=
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)

CO N
𝑎
A
(𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)

PY
𝑦=
DO U A
𝑎
T
(𝑎3 +𝑏3 )
𝑦=
ED PR

𝑎
C

𝑎3 −𝑏3 𝑎3 +𝑏3
©

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =

𝑎 𝑎

Page No 3.58:
Question 19:
Solve each of the following systems of equations by the method of cross-
multiplication :

𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
1 1 1 1 2𝑎
𝑎𝑥 ((𝑎−𝑏) − (𝑎+𝑏)) + 𝑐𝑦 ((𝑏−𝑎) − (𝑏+𝑎)) = (𝑎+𝑏)

ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
1 1 1 1 2𝑎
𝑎𝑥 ((𝑎−𝑏) − (𝑎+𝑏)) + 𝑐𝑦 ((𝑏−𝑎) − (𝑏+𝑎)) = (𝑎+𝑏)

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

T IO S
𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 − 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0

I
1 1 1 1 2𝑎
𝑎𝑥 ((𝑎−𝑏) − (𝑎+𝑏)) + 𝑐𝑦 ((𝑏−𝑎) − (𝑏+𝑎)) − (𝑎+𝑏) = 0
NO A D
CO N
A
By cross multiplication method we get

PY
𝑥 −𝑦
DO U A
=
2𝑎𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 2𝑎𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
(−(𝑎+𝑏))×−(−(𝑎+𝑏)+((𝑏−𝑎) − (𝑏+𝑎))) (−(𝑎+𝑏))×−(−(𝑎+𝑏)+((𝑎−𝑏) − (𝑎+𝑏)))
T
ED PR

1
= 𝑏𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑐
((𝑏−𝑎) − (𝑏+𝑎))−((𝑎−𝑏) − (𝑎+𝑏))
C

𝑥 −𝑦
©

2𝑎𝑐 −(𝑎+𝑏)𝑐 = 2𝑎𝑏 −(𝑎+𝑏)𝑎

(−(𝑎+𝑏))−( (𝑏−𝑎) +𝑐) (−(𝑎+𝑏))−( (𝑎−𝑏) +𝑎)

1
= 𝑏𝑐(𝑏+𝑎)−𝑏𝑐(𝑏−𝑎) 𝑎𝑐(𝑎+𝑏)−𝑎𝑐(𝑎−𝑏)
( (𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎)
)−( (𝑎+𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏) )

𝑥 −𝑦
2𝑎𝑐 −(𝑎+𝑏)𝑐+𝑐(𝑏−𝑎) = 2𝑎𝑏 −(𝑎+𝑏)𝑎+𝑎(𝑎−𝑏)
(−(𝑎+𝑏))−( (𝑏−𝑎)
) (−(𝑎+𝑏))−( (𝑎−𝑏)
)

1
= 𝑏𝑐(𝑏+𝑎)−𝑏𝑐(𝑏−𝑎) 𝑎𝑐(𝑎+𝑏)−𝑎𝑐(𝑎−𝑏)
( (𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎)
)−( (𝑎+𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏) )

𝑥 −𝑦
2𝑎𝑐 −𝑎𝑐−𝑏𝑐+𝑐𝑏−𝑎𝑐 = 2𝑎𝑏 −𝑎2 −𝑎𝑏+𝑎2 −𝑎𝑏
(−(𝑎+𝑏))−( (𝑏−𝑎)
) (−(𝑎+𝑏))−( )
(𝑎−𝑏)

1
= 2𝑎𝑏𝑐 2𝑎𝑏𝑐
((𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎) )−((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏) )
 𝑥 −𝑦
2𝑎𝑐 −2𝑎𝑐 = 2𝑎𝑏 −2𝑎𝑏
(−(𝑎+𝑏))−((𝑏−𝑎)) (−(𝑎+𝑏))−((𝑎−𝑏))

1
= 2𝑎𝑏𝑐 2𝑎𝑏𝑐
((𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎) )−((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏) )

𝑥 −𝑦
2𝑎𝑐(𝑏−𝑎)+2𝑎𝑐(𝑎+𝑏) = 2𝑎𝑏(𝑎−𝑏)+(−2𝑎𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)
(− (𝑎+𝑏)(𝑏−𝑎)
) (− (𝑎+𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)
)

1
= 2𝑎𝑏𝑐 2𝑎𝑏𝑐
((𝑏−𝑎)(𝑏+𝑎) )−((𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏) )

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =

I
−4𝑎2 𝑐 −4𝑎𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑏𝑐
((𝑎+𝑏)(𝑏−𝑎)) ((𝑎+𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)) ( 2 2 )
NO A D (𝑎 −𝑏 )

CO N
A
𝑥 −𝑦 1

PY
= =
DO U A
−4𝑎2 𝑐 −4𝑎𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑏𝑐
T
Consider the following for x
ED PR

𝑥 1
=
−4𝑎2 𝑐 −4𝑎𝑏𝑐
C

𝑎
⇒𝑥=
©

Now for y
−𝑦 1
=
−4𝑎𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑏
⇒𝑦=
𝑐
𝑎 𝑏
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
𝑏 𝑐

Page No 3.58:
Question 20: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :
(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 2𝑎2 − 2𝑏 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏 )(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 4𝑎𝑏
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 2𝑎2 − 2𝑏 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏 )(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 4𝑎𝑏

T IO S
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

I
NO A D
multiplication:

CO N
A
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

PY
(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 − 2𝑎2 − 2𝑏 2 = 0
DO U A
T
(𝑎 + 𝑏 )(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 4𝑎𝑏 = 0
ED PR

By cross multiplication method we get

𝑥 −𝑦
C

(−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑎2 +2𝑏2 )
= (−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑎2
+2𝑏2 )
©

1
= (𝑎+𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏)2
𝑥 −𝑦
(𝑎+𝑏)((−4𝑎𝑏)−(−2𝑎2 +2𝑏2 ))
= (−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑎2
+2𝑏2 )
1
= (𝑎+𝑏)((𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏))

Consider the following for x

𝑥 1
(𝑎+𝑏)((−4𝑎𝑏)−(−2𝑎2 +2𝑏2 ))
= (𝑎+𝑏)((𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑥 1
(−4𝑎𝑏)−(−2𝑎2 +2𝑏2 )
= (𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏)
 4𝑎𝑏+2𝑎2 −2𝑏2
𝑥=
2𝑏
2𝑎𝑏+𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝑥=
𝑏

Now consider the following for y

−𝑦 1
(−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑎2 +2𝑏2 )
= (𝑎+𝑏)((𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏))
−𝑦 1
(−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑎2 +2𝑏2 )
= (𝑎+𝑏)((𝑎−𝑏)−(𝑎+𝑏))

T IO S
𝑦 1
= (𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑏)

I
(−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)+(𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑎2 +2𝑏2 )
NO A D
CO N
𝑦 1
= (𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑏)
A
(−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)+(𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑎2 +2𝑏2 )

PY
𝑦 1
DO U A
(−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)+(𝑎+𝑏)(−2)(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= (𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑏)
T
𝑦 1
ED PR

(−4𝑎𝑏)(𝑎−𝑏)+(𝑎+𝑏)(−2)(𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏)
= (𝑎+𝑏)(−2𝑏)
𝑦 1
= (𝑎+𝑏)𝑏
C

(𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
©

(𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
𝑦= (𝑎+𝑏)𝑏

2𝑎𝑏+𝑎2 −𝑏2 (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 = (𝑎+𝑏)𝑏
𝑏

Page No 3.58:
Question 21: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 𝑦 = 𝑐 2
𝑏 2 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 = 𝑑 2
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 𝑦 = 𝑐 2
𝑏 2 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 = 𝑑 2
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:

T IO S
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

I
NO A D
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 𝑦 − 𝑐 2 = 0

CO N
A
𝑏 2 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑦 − 𝑑 2 = 0

PY
DO U A
By cross multiplication method we get
T
𝑥 −𝑦 1
ED PR

(−𝑑2 𝑏2 )−(−𝑐 2 𝑎2 )
= (−𝑑2 =
𝑎2 )−(−𝑐 2 𝑏2 ) 𝑎4 −𝑏4
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= (𝑑2 2) =
C

(𝑐 2 𝑎2 −𝑑2 𝑏2 ) 𝑎2 −𝑐 2 𝑏 𝑎4 −𝑏4
©

Consider the following for x

𝑥 1
(𝑐 2 𝑎2 −𝑑2 𝑏2 )
=
𝑎4 −𝑏4

𝑎2 𝑐 2 −𝑏2 𝑑2
𝑥=
𝑎4 −𝑏4

Now consider the following for y

−𝑦 1
(−𝑑2 𝑎2 )−(−𝑐 2 𝑏2 )
=
𝑎4 −𝑏4
−𝑦 1
(𝑑2 𝑎2 −𝑐 2 𝑏2 )
=
𝑎4 −𝑏4

𝑎2 𝑑2 −𝑏2 𝑐 2
𝑦=
𝑎4 −𝑏4
 𝑎2 𝑐 2 −𝑏2 𝑑2 𝑎2 𝑑2 −𝑏2 𝑐 2
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
𝑎4 −𝑏4 𝑎4 −𝑏4

Page No 3.58:
Question 22: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :
𝑎+𝑏
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 =
2

T IO S
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
GIVEN:
A
𝑎+𝑏

PY
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 =
DO U A
2
T
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4
ED PR

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
C
©

Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

𝑎+𝑏
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 − =0
2

3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 4 = 0

By cross multiplication method we get

𝑥 −𝑦 1
5(𝑎+𝑏) = 3(𝑎+𝑏) =
(−4𝑏)−(− ) (−4𝑎)−(− ) 5𝑎−3𝑏
2 2

𝑥 −𝑦 1
5(𝑎+𝑏) = 3(𝑎+𝑏) =
(−4𝑏)+ (−4𝑎)+ 5𝑎−3𝑏
2 2
𝑥 1
5(𝑎+𝑏) =
(−4𝑏)+ 5𝑎−3𝑏
2
 5(𝑎+𝑏)
𝑥 (5𝑎 − 3𝑏) = (−4𝑏) +
2
5𝑎−3𝑏
𝑥 (5𝑎 − 3𝑏) =
2
1
⇒𝑥=
2

And
−𝑦 1
3(𝑎+𝑏) =
(−4𝑎)−(− ) 5𝑎−3𝑏
2

T IO S
−𝑦 1
=

I
−8𝑎+3𝑎+3𝑏 5𝑎−3𝑏
2
NO A D
CO N
−𝑦 1
=
A
−5𝑎+3𝑏 5𝑎−3𝑏
2

PY
DO U A
5𝑎−3𝑏
⇒ 𝑦(5𝑎 − 3𝑏) =
T 2
ED PR

1
⇒𝑦=
2
1 1
C

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =

2 2
©

Page No 3.58:
Question 23: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

2(𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦) + 𝑎 + 4𝑏 = 0
2(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦) + 𝑏 − 4𝑎 = 0
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2(𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦) + 𝑎 + 4𝑏 = 0
2(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦) + 𝑏 − 4𝑎 = 0
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
2(𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦) + 𝑎 + 4𝑏 = 0
2(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦) + 𝑏 − 4𝑎 = 0
After rewriting equations

T IO S
2𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑦 + (𝑎 + 4𝑏) = 0

I
NO A D
2𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑦 + (𝑏 − 4𝑎) = 0

CO N
A
By cross multiplication method we get

PY
DO U A
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= (𝑏−4𝑎)−(2𝑎)−(𝑎+4𝑏)(2𝑏) =
(𝑏−4𝑎)−(−2𝑏)−(𝑎+4𝑏)(2𝑎) 4𝑎2 +4𝑏2
T
ED PR

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−2𝑏2 +8𝑎𝑏)−(2𝑎2 +8𝑎𝑏)
= (2𝑎𝑏−8𝑎2 )−(2𝑏𝑎+8𝑏2 ) =
4𝑎2 +4𝑏2
𝑥 𝑦 1
C

= =
−2(𝑏2 +𝑎2 ) 8(𝑎2 +𝑏2 ) 4𝑎2 +4𝑏2
©

𝑥 1
=
−2(𝑏2 +𝑎2 ) 4𝑎2 +4𝑏2
−1
⇒𝑥=
2

For y consider the following

𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
−2(𝑏2 +𝑎2 ) 8(𝑎2 +𝑏2 ) 4𝑎2 +4𝑏2
𝑦 1
8(𝑎2 +𝑏 2) = 4𝑎2 +4𝑏2

⇒𝑦=2
1
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = − and 𝑦 = 2
2
 Page No 3.58:
Question 24: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

6(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦) = 3𝑎 + 2𝑏
6(𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦) = 3𝑏 − 2𝑎
ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN:

I
6(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦) = 3𝑎 + 2𝑏
NO A D
CO N
6(𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦) = 3𝑏 − 2𝑎
A
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

PY
DO U A
multiplication:
T
ED PR

Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation, after rewriting equations

6𝑎𝑥 + 6𝑏𝑦 − (3𝑎 + 2𝑏) = 0
C

6𝑏𝑥 − 6𝑎𝑦 − (3𝑏 − 2𝑎) = 0

©

By cross multiplication method we get

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−(3𝑏−2𝑎)(6𝑏)−((−6𝑎)×−(3𝑎+2𝑏)) −(3𝑏−2𝑎)(6𝑏)−((−6𝑎)×−(3𝑎+2𝑏)) −36(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−18(𝑏2 +𝑎2 ) 12(𝑎2 +𝑏2 ) −36(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
𝑥 1
=
−18(𝑏2 +𝑎2 ) −36(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
1
𝑥=
2

Consider the following for y

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= 2) =
−18(𝑏2 +𝑎2 ) 12(𝑎2 +𝑏 −36(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
 −𝑦 1
=
12(𝑎2 +𝑏2 ) −36(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
1
𝑦=
3
1 1
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = and 𝑦 =
2 3

T IO S I
Page No 3.58:
NO A D
CO N
Question 25: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
A
method of cross-multiplication :

PY
DO U A
𝑎2 𝑏2
− =0
T
𝑥 𝑦
ED PR

𝑎2 𝑏 𝑏2 𝑎
+ = 𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑦
C
©

ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑎2 𝑏2
− =0
𝑥 𝑦

𝑎2 𝑏 𝑏2 𝑎
+ =𝑎+𝑏
𝑥 𝑦

To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-

multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
𝑎2 𝑏2
− =0
𝑥 𝑦
𝑎2 𝑏 𝑏2 𝑎
+ − (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0
𝑥 𝑦
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and 𝑣 =
𝑥 𝑦

Rewriting equations
𝑎2 𝑣 − 𝑏 2 𝑣 = 0 … (1)
𝑎2 𝑏𝑣 + 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑣 − (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0 … (2)
Now, by cross multiplication method we get

T IO S I
NO A D
𝑢 −𝑣 1

CO N
= = (𝑎3
(−(𝑎+𝑏)(−𝑏2 ))−(0) (−(𝑎+𝑏)(𝑎2 ))−(0) 𝑏2 )+(𝑎2 𝑏3 )
A
𝑢 𝑣 1

PY
= (𝑎3 = (𝑎3
DO U A
(𝑎𝑏2 +𝑏3 ) +𝑏𝑎2 ) 𝑏2 )+(𝑎2 𝑏3 )
T
For u consider the following
ED PR

𝑢 1
(𝑎𝑏2 +𝑏 3 ) = (𝑎3 𝑏2 )+(𝑎2 𝑏3 )
C

𝑢 1
©

=
(𝑎+𝑏) 𝑎2 (𝑎+𝑏)
1
𝑢=
𝑎2

For y consider
𝑣 1
(𝑎3 +𝑏𝑎 2 ) = (𝑎3 𝑏2 )+(𝑎2 𝑏3 )
𝑣 1
=
(𝑎+𝑏) 𝑏2 (𝑎+𝑏)
1
𝑢=
𝑏2

We know that
1 1
= 𝑢 and 𝑣 =
𝑥 𝑦
Now
1 1 1 1
= and =
𝑥 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑦

𝑥 = 𝑎2 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 2
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 𝑎2 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 2

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 3.58:

CO N
A
Question 26: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication:

PY
DO U A
T
𝑚𝑥 − 𝑛𝑦 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
ED PR

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑚
C

ANSWER:
©

GIVEN:
𝑚𝑥 − 𝑛𝑦 = 𝑚2 + 𝑛2
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑚
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
𝑚𝑥 − 𝑛𝑦 − (𝑚2 + 𝑛2 ) = 0
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑚 = 0
By cross multiplication method we get
 𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−2𝑚)(−𝑛)−(−(𝑚2 +𝑛2 ))
= (−2𝑚)(𝑚)−(−(𝑚2 =
+𝑛2 )) 𝑚+𝑛
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(𝑚 + 𝑛)2
= (−2𝑚2 )+(𝑚2 =
+𝑛2 ) 𝑚+𝑛
𝑥 1
(𝑚 + 𝑛)2
=
𝑚+𝑛

𝑥 =𝑚+𝑛
Now for y

T IO S
−𝑦 1
(−2𝑚2 )+(𝑚2 +𝑛2 )
=
𝑚+𝑛

I
NO A D 𝑦
2) =
1

CO N
(𝑚2 −𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
A
𝑦 1
=

PY
(𝑚−𝑛)(𝑚+𝑛) 𝑚+𝑛
DO U A

𝑦=𝑚−𝑛
T
ED PR

Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 𝑚 + 𝑛 and 𝑦 = 𝑚 − 𝑛

C
©

Page No 3.58:
Question 27: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :

𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦
− =𝑎+𝑏
𝑏 𝑎

𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑏
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦
− =𝑎+𝑏
𝑏 𝑎

𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑏
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
multiplication:
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦
− − (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0
𝑏 𝑎

𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦 − 2𝑎𝑏 = 0
By cross multiplication method we get

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1

I
= = (−𝑎)−(−𝑏)
NO A D
𝑏
(−2𝑎𝑏)(− )−(−𝑏)(−(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑎
𝑎
(−2𝑎𝑏)( )−(𝑎)(−(𝑎+𝑏))
𝑏

CO N
A
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(2𝑏2 )−(𝑎𝑏+𝑏2 )
= (−2𝑎2 )+(𝑎2 = (𝑏−𝑎)
+𝑎𝑏)

PY
DO U A
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= (−𝑎2 = (𝑏−𝑎)
T
(𝑏2 −𝑎𝑏) +𝑎𝑏)
ED PR

𝑥 1
= (𝑏−𝑎)
𝑏(𝑏−𝑎)
C

𝑥=𝑏
©

For y
−𝑦 1
(−𝑎2 +𝑎𝑏)
= (𝑏−𝑎)
−𝑦 1
= (𝑏−𝑎)
𝑎(𝑏−𝑎)

𝑦 = −𝑎
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 𝑏 and 𝑦 = −𝑎

Page No 3.58:
Question 28: Solve each of the following systems of equations by the
method of cross-multiplication :
𝑏 𝑎
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑎 𝑏

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑏
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑏 𝑎
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑎 𝑏

T IO S
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑏

I
To find: The solution of the systems of equation by the method of cross-
NO A D
CO N
multiplication:
A
Here we have the pair of simultaneous equation

PY
DO U A
𝑏 𝑎
𝑥 + 𝑦 − (𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 ) = 0
T
𝑎 𝑏
ED PR

𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑎𝑏 = 0
By cross multiplication method we get
C
©

𝑥 −𝑦 1
𝑎 = 𝑏 =𝑏 𝑎
(−2𝑎𝑏)( )−(−(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )) (−2𝑎𝑏)( )−(−(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )) −𝑏
𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−2𝑎2 )+(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
= (−2𝑏2 )+(𝑎2 = (𝑏2 −𝑎2 )
+𝑏2 )
𝑎𝑏
𝑥 𝑦 1
(𝑏2 −𝑎2 )
= (𝑏2 = (𝑏2 −𝑎2 )
−𝑎2 )
𝑎𝑏

𝑥 𝑦 𝑎𝑏
(𝑏2 −𝑎2 )
= (𝑏2 = (𝑏2
−𝑎2 ) −𝑎2 )

𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏
Hence we get the value of 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏
 Exercise 3.5
Page No 3.73:
Question 1: In each of the following systems of equations determine
whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many
solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it:

x − 3y = 3
3x − 9y = 2

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
GIVEN:
NO A D
CO N
A
x − 3y = 3
3x − 9y = 2

PY
DO U A

To find: To determine whether the system has a unique solution, no

T
ED PR

solution or infinitely many solutions

We know that the system of equations
C

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
©

𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For unique solution
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

For no solution
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

For infinitely many solutions

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
1 3 3
= ≠
3 9 2
1 1 3
= ≠
3 3 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 1 1 3
Since = ≠ which means = ≠ hence the system of equation
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 3 3 2
has no solution.
Hence the system of equation has no solution

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 3.73:

PY
DO U A
Question 2: In each of the following systems of equations determine
T
whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many
ED PR

solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it

2x + y = 5
C
©

4x + 2y = 10
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2x + y = 5
4x + 2y = 10
To find: To determine whether the system has a unique solution, no
solution or infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For unique solution
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

For no solution
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

For infinitely many solutions

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =

T IO S
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

I
Here,
NO A D
CO N
2 1 5
− =
A
4 2 10

PY
1 1 1
DO U A
= =
2 2 2
T
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 1 1 1
ED PR

Since = = which means = = hence the system of equation

𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 2 2 2
has infinitely many solution.
C

Hence the system of equation has infinitely many solutions

©

Page No 3.73:
Question 3: In each of the following systems of equations determine
whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many
solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it
3x − 5y = 20
6x − 10y = 40
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
3x − 5y = 20
6x − 10y = 40
To find: To determine whether the system has a unique solution, no
solution or infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For unique solution

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠

I
𝑎2 𝑏2
NO A D
CO N
For no solution
A
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠

PY
DO U A
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
For infinitely many solutions
ED PR

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
C

Here,
©

3 −5 20
= =
6 −10 40
1 1 1
= =
2 2 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 1 1 1
Since = = which means = = hence the system of equation
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 2 2 2
has infinitely many solution.
Hence the system of equation has infinitely many solutions

Page No 3.73:
Question 4: In each of the following systems of equations determine
whether the system has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many
solutions. In case there is a unique solution, find it
x − 2y = 8
5x − 10y = 10
ANSWER:
GIVEN:

T IO S
x − 2y = 8

I
5x − 10y = 10
NO A D
CO N
A
To find: To determine whether the system has a unique solution, no
solution or infinitely many solutions

PY
DO U A

We know that the system of equations

T
ED PR

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
C
©

For unique solution

𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

For no solution
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

For infinitely many solutions

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
1 −2 8
= =
5 −10 10
1 1 2
= ≠
5 5 5
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 1 1 2
Since = = which means = ≠ hence the system of equation
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 5 5 5
has no solution.
Hence the system of equation has no solution

Page No 3.73:

T IO S
Question 5: Find the value of k for which the following system of

I
equations has a unique solution:
NO A D
CO N
A
kx + 2y = 5

PY
DO U A

3x + y = 1
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
GIVEN:
C
©

kx + 2y = 5
3x + y = 1
To find: To determine to value of k for which the system has a unique
solution.
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For unique solution
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

Here,
𝑘 2
≠
3 1

𝑘≠6
Hence for 𝑘 ≠ 6 the system of equation has unique solution.

Page No 3.73:
Question 6: Find the value of k for which the following system of

T IO S
equations has a unique solution:

I
4𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 + 8 = 0
NO A D
CO N
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2 = 0
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
GIVEN:
T
ED PR

4𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 + 8 = 0
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2 = 0
C

To find: To determine to value of k for which the system has a unique

©

solution.
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For unique solution
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

Here,
4 𝑘
≠
2 2
 4×2
𝑘≠
2

𝑘≠4
Hence for 𝑘 ≠ 4 the system of equation has unique solution

Page No 3.73:
Question 7: Find the value of k for which the following system of
equations has a unique solution:

T IO S I
4𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 𝑘
NO A D
CO N
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
GIVEN:
T
ED PR

4𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 𝑘
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12
C

To find: To determine to value of k for which the system has a unique

©

solution.
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For unique solution
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

Here,
4 −5
≠
2 −3
 𝑎1 𝑏1
Hence already ≠ for the system of equation to have unique solution
𝑎2 𝑏2
but the value of k should be a real number
Hence for 𝑘 = real number the system of equation has unique solution.

Page No 3.73:
Question 8: Find the value of k for which the following system of
equations has a unique solution:

T IO S
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3

I
NO A D
5𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 + 7 = 0

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
GIVEN:
T
ED PR

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
5𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 + 7 = 0
C

To find: To determine to value of k for which the system has a unique

©

solution.
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For unique solution
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

Here,
1 2
≠
5 𝑘

𝑘 ≠5×2
𝑘 ≠ 10
Hence for 𝑘 ≠ 10 the system of equation has unique solution

Page No 3.73:
Question 9: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have infinitely many solutions :

2x + 3y − 5 = 0

T IO S
6x + ky − 15 = 0

I
ANSWER: NO A D
CO N
A
GIVEN:

PY
DO U A
2x + 3y − 5 = 0
T
6x + ky − 15 = 0
ED PR

To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has

infinitely many solutions
C
©

We know that the system of equations

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
2 3 −5
= =
6 𝑘 −15
2 3
=
6 𝑘
3×6
𝑘=
2
𝑘 =3×3
𝑘=9
Hence for 𝑘 = 9 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions

Page No 3.73:
Question 10: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have infinitely many solutions :

T IO S I
4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 3
NO A D
CO N
𝑘𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 9
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

GIVEN:
T
ED PR

4𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 3
𝑘𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 9
C
©

To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has

infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
4 5 3
= =
𝑘 15 9
4 5
=
𝑘 15
4×15
𝑘=
5

𝑘 =4×3
𝑘 = 12
Hence for 𝑘 = 12 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.

T IO S
Page No 3.73:

I
NO A D
Question 11: Find the value of k for which each of the following system

CO N
A
of equations have infinitely many solutions:

PY
DO U A
𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0
T
ED PR

4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 9 = 0
ANSWER:
C

GIVEN:
©

𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 9 = 0
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
Here,
𝑘 −2 6
= =
4 −3 9
𝑘 −2
=
4 −3
4×2
𝑘=
3
8
𝑘=
3

T IO S
8
Hence for 𝑘 = the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
3

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 3.73:
T
Question 12: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
ED PR

of equations have infinitely many solutions :

C

8𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 9
©

𝑘𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 18
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
8𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 9
𝑘𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 18
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
8 5 9
= =
𝑘 10 18
8 5
=
𝑘 10
8×10

T IO S
𝑘=
5

I
𝑘 =8×2
NO A D
CO N
𝑘 = 16
A

PY
Hence for 𝑘 = 16 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.73:
Question 13: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
C
©

of equations have infinitely many solutions:

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑘 + 2)𝑥 − (2𝑘 + 1)𝑦 = 3(2𝑘 − 1)
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑘 + 2)𝑥 − (2𝑘 + 1)𝑦 = 3(2𝑘 − 1)
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here
2 −3 7
= =
𝑘+2 −(2𝑘+1) 3(2𝑘−1)

T IO S
Consider the following

I
NO A D
CO N
A
2 −3
=

PY
𝑘+2 −(2𝑘+1)
DO U A

2(2𝑘 + 1) = 3(𝑘 + 2)
T
ED PR

4𝑘 + 2 = 3𝑘 + 6
4𝑘 − 3𝑘 = 6 − 2
C
©

𝑘=4
Now consider the following
2 −3 7
= =
𝑘+2 −(2𝑘+1) 3(2𝑘−1)

−3 × 3(2𝑘 − 1) = −7(2𝑘 + 1)
18𝑘 − 9 = 14𝑘 + 7
18𝑘 − 14𝑘 = 9 + 7
4𝑘 = 16
⇒ 𝑘=4
Hence for 𝑘 = 4 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
 Page No 3.73:
Question 14: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have infinitely many solutions :

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
(𝑘 + 2)𝑥 + (2𝑘 + 1)𝑦 = 2(𝑘 − 1)
ANSWER:

T IO S
GIVEN:

I
NO A D
CO N
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
A
(𝑘 + 2)𝑥 + (2𝑘 + 1)𝑦 = 2(𝑘 − 1)

PY
DO U A

To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has

T
ED PR

infinitely many solutions

We know that the system of equations
C

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
©

𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here
2 3 2
= (2𝑘+1) =
𝑘+2 2(𝑘−1)

Consider the following for k

2 3
= (2𝑘+1)
𝑘+2

2(2𝑘 + 1) = 3(𝑘 + 2)
 4𝑘 + 2 = 3𝑘 + 6
4𝑘 − 3𝑘 = 6 − 2
⇒ 𝑘=4
Now consider the following
3 2
(2𝑘+1)
=
2(𝑘−1)

3 × 2(𝑘 − 1) = 2(2𝑘 + 1)

T IO S
6𝑘 − 6 = 4𝑘 + 2

I
6𝑘 − 4𝑘 = 6 + 2
NO A D
CO N
A
2𝑘 = 8

PY
⇒ 𝑘=4
DO U A
T
Hence for 𝑘 = 4 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.
ED PR
C

Page No 3.73:
©

Question 15: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have infinitely many solutions :

𝑥 + (𝑘 + 1)𝑦 = 4
(𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 5𝑘 + 2
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑥 + (𝑘 + 1)𝑦 = 4
(𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 5𝑘 + 2
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,

T IO S
1 (𝑘+1) 4
= =

I
𝑘+1 9 5𝑘+2
1
NO A D (𝑘+1)

CO N
=
𝑘+1 9
A
9 = (𝑘 + 1)2

PY
DO U A

32 = (𝑘 + 1)2
T
ED PR

𝑘+1=3
𝑘=2
C
©

Hence for 𝑘 = 2 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.

Page No 3.73:
Question 16: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have infinitely many solutions :

𝑘𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2𝑘 + 1
2(𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 7𝑘 + 1
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑘𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2𝑘 + 1
2(𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 7𝑘 + 1
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =

I
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
NO A D
CO N
Here,
A
𝑘 3 2𝑘+1
= =

PY
DO U A
2(𝑘+1) 9 7𝑘+1
T
Consider the following relation to find k
ED PR

𝑘 3
=
2(𝑘+1) 9
C

9𝑘 = 6(𝑘 + 1)
©

9𝑘 − 6𝑘 − 6 = 0
3𝑘 = 6
𝑘=2
Now consider the following
3 2𝑘+1
=
9 7𝑘+1

3(7𝑘 + 1) = 9(2𝑘 + 1)
21𝑘 + 3 = 18𝑘 + 9
21𝑘 − 18𝑘 = 9 − 3
3𝑘 = 6
 𝑘=2
Hence for 𝑘 = 2 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions

Page No 3.73:
Question 17: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have infinitely many solutions :

T IO S
2𝑥 + (𝑘 − 2)𝑦 = 𝑘

I
6𝑥 + (2𝑘 − 1)𝑦 = 2𝑘 + 5
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
GIVEN:

PY
DO U A

2𝑥 + (𝑘 − 2)𝑦 = 𝑘
T
ED PR

6𝑥 + (2𝑘 − 1)𝑦 = 2𝑘 + 5
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
C

infinitely many solutions

©

We know that the system of equations

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
2 (𝑘−2) 𝑘
= (2𝑘−1) =
6 2𝑘+5

Consider the following relation to find k

 2 (𝑘−2)
= (2𝑘−1)
6

2(2𝑘 − 1) = 6(𝑘 − 2)
4𝑘 − 2 = 6𝑘 − 12
6𝑘 − 4𝑘 = 12 − 2
2𝑘 = 10
𝑘=5

T IO S
Now again consider the following

I
(𝑘−2)
NO A D =
𝑘

CO N
(2𝑘−1) 2𝑘+5
A
(2𝑘 + 5)(𝑘 − 2) = 𝑘(2𝑘 − 1)

PY
DO U A
2𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 + 5𝑘 − 10 = 2𝑘 2 − 𝑘
T
ED PR

2𝑘 2 − 4𝑘 + 5𝑘 − 10 = 2𝑘 2 − 𝑘
2𝑘 = 10
C

𝑘=5
©

Hence for 𝑘 = 5 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions

Page No 3.73:
Question 18: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have infinitely many solutions :

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + (2𝑘 − 1)𝑦 = 4𝑘 + 1
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + (2𝑘 − 1)𝑦 = 4𝑘 + 1
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

T IO S
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

I
NO A D
For infinitely many solutions

CO N
A
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =

PY
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
DO U A

Here
T
ED PR

2 3 7
(𝑘+1)
= =
2(𝑘−1) 4𝑘+1
2 3
C

(𝑘+1)
=
2(𝑘−1)
©

2 × (2𝑘 − 1) = 3(𝑘 + 1)
4𝑘 − 2 = 3𝑘 + 3
4𝑘 − 3𝑘 = 2 + 3
𝑘=5
Now again consider the following to find k
3 7
=
2(𝑘−1) 4𝑘+1

3(4𝑘 + 1) = 7 × 2(𝑘 − 1)
12𝑘 + 3 = 14𝑘 − 14
14 + 3 = 14𝑘 − 12𝑘
 𝑘=5
Hence for 𝑘 = 5 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions

Page No 3.73:
Question 19: Find the value of k for which each of the following system

T IO S
of equations have infinitely many solutions :

I
NO A D
CO N
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑘
A
(𝑘 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑘 + 2)𝑦 = 3𝑘

PY
DO U A

ANSWER:
T
ED PR

GIVEN:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑘
C
©

(𝑘 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑘 + 2)𝑦 = 3𝑘
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
2 3 𝑘
(𝑘−1)
= (𝑘+2) =
3𝑘
Consider the following to find out k
2 3
(𝑘−1)
= (𝑘+2)

2(𝑘 + 2) = 3(𝑘 − 1)
2𝑘 + 4 = 3𝑘 − 3
3𝑘 − 2𝑘 = 4 + 3
𝑘=7

T IO S
Now again consider the following relation

I
3 𝑘
NO A D=

CO N
(𝑘+2) 3𝑘
A
3(3𝑘) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 2)

PY
DO U A
9𝑘 = 𝑘 2 + 2𝑘
T
𝑘 2 − 7𝑘 = 0
ED PR

𝑘(𝑘 − 7) = 0
C

𝑘 = 0 or (𝑘 − 7)
©

So the common solution is 7

Hence for 𝑘 = 7 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions

Page No 3.73:
Question 20: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have no solution :

𝑘𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 2
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑘𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 2
6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no
solution
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

T IO S
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

I
NO A D
For no solution

CO N
A
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠

PY
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
DO U A

Here,
T
ED PR

𝑘 −5 2
= ≠
6 2 7
𝑘 −5
C

=
6 2
©

2𝑘 = −30
𝑘 = −15
Hence for 𝑘 = −15 the system of equation have infinitely many
solutions.

Page No 3.73:
Question 21: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have no solution :

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
2𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 5
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
2𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 5
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no
solution
We know that the system of equations

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

I
NO A D
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

CO N
A
For no solution

PY
DO U A
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
ED PR

Here,
1 2 0
= ≠
C

2 𝑘 5
©

1 2
=
2 𝑘

𝑘=4
Hence for 𝑘 = 4 the system of equation has no solution

Page No 3.74:
Question 23: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have no solution :

2𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 + 3 = 0
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 + 3 = 0
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no
solution
We know that the system of equations

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

I
NO A D
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

CO N
A
For no solution

PY
DO U A
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
ED PR

Here,
2 −𝑘 −3
= ≠
C

3 2 1
©

2 −𝑘
=
3 2
−4
𝑘=
3
−4
Hence for 𝑘 = the system of equation has no solution.
3

Page No 3.74:
Question 24: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have no solution :

2x + ky = 11
5x − 7y = 5
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2x + ky = 11
5x − 7y = 5
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no
solution
We know that the system of equations

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

I
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
NO A D
CO N
A
For no solution

PY
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
DO U A
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
ED PR

Here,
2 𝑘 11
= ≠
5 −7 5
C

2 𝑘
©

=
5 −7
14
𝑘=−
5
−14
Hence for 𝑘 = the system of equation has no solution.
5

Page No 3.74:
Question 25: Find the value of k for which each of the following system
of equations have no solution :

cx + 2y = 3
12x + cy = 6
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
cx + 2y = 3
12x + cy = 6
To find: To determine for what value of c the system of equation has no
solution
We know that the system of equations

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

I
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
NO A D
CO N
A
For no solution

PY
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
DO U A
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
ED PR

Here,
𝑐 3 3
= ≠
12 𝑐 6
C

𝑐 3
©

=
12 𝑐

𝑐 2 = 12 × 3
𝑐 2 = 36
𝑐 =±6
Hence for 𝑐 = ± 6 the system of equation has no solution.

Page No 3.74:
Question 26: For what value of k the following system of equations will
be inconsistent?

4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 11
2𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 7
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 11
2𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 7
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation will be
inconsistent

T IO S
We know that the system of equations

I
NO A D
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

CO N
A
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

PY
DO U A
For no solution
T
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
ED PR

= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
C

4 6 11
©

= ≠
2 𝑘 7
4 6
=
2 𝑘
12
𝑘=
4

𝑘=3
Hence for 𝑘 = 3 the system of equation will be inconsistent.

Page No 3.74:
Question 27: For what value of α, the system of equations will have no
solution?
𝛼𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝛼 – 3
12𝑥 + 𝛼𝑦 = 𝛼
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
𝛼𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝛼 – 3
12𝑥 + 𝛼𝑦 = 𝛼
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has no
solution

T IO S
We know that the system of equations

I
NO A D
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

CO N
A
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

PY
DO U A
For no solution
T
ED PR

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here,
C
©

𝛼 3 𝛼−3
= ≠
12 𝛼 𝛼

Consider the following for 𝛼

𝛼 3
=
12 𝛼

𝛼 2 = 12 × 3
𝛼 2 = 36
𝛼 =±6
Now consider the following
3 𝛼−3
≠
𝛼 𝛼

3𝛼 ≠ 𝛼 (𝛼 − 3)
3𝛼 ≠ 𝛼 2 − 3𝛼
6𝛼 ≠ 𝛼 2
𝛼≠6
Hence the common value of 𝛼 is − 6
Hence for 𝛼 = −6 the system of equation has no solution

T IO S
Page No 3.74:

I
Question 28: Find the value of k for which the system has (i) a unique
NO A D
solution, and (ii) no solution.

CO N
A
kx + 2y = 5

PY
DO U A
3x + y = 1
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
GIVEN:
C

kx + 2y = 5
©

3x + y = 1
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
(1) Unique solution
(2) No solution
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
(1) For unique solution
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2
Here,
𝑘 2
≠
3 1

𝑘≠6
Hence for 𝑘 ≠ 6 the system of equation has unique solution.
(2) For no solution
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

T IO S
𝑘 2 5
= ≠

I
3 1 1
NO A D
CO N
𝑘=6
A
Hence for 𝑘 = 6 the system of equation has no solution

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.74:
Question 29: Prove that there is a value of 𝑐 ≠ (0) for which the system
C

has infinitely many solutions. Find this value.

©

6x + 3y = c − 3
12x + cy = c
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
6x + 3y = c − 3
12x + cy = c
To find: To determine for what value of c the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For no solution
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here
6 3 𝑐−3
= =
12 𝑐 𝑐

Consider the following

T IO S
6 3
=

I
12 𝑐
NO A D
CO N
12×3
𝑐=
A
6

PY
𝑐=6
DO U A
T
Now consider the following for c
ED PR

3 𝑐−3
=
𝑐 𝑐
C

3𝑐 = 𝑐 (𝑐 − 3)
©

3𝑐 = 𝑐 2 − 3𝑐
6𝑐 = 𝑐 2
6𝑐 = 𝑐 2
𝑐 = 0, 6
But it is given that 𝑐 ≠ 0. Hence c = 6
Hence for 𝑐 = 6 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.

Page No 3.74:
Question 30: Find the values of k for which the system will have (i) a
unique solution, and (ii) no solution. Is there a value of k for which the
system has infinitely many solutions?

2x + ky = 1
3x − 5y = 7
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2x + ky = 1
3x − 5y = 7

T IO S
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has

I
NO A D
(1) Unique solution

CO N
A
(2) No solution

PY
DO U A
(3) Infinitely many solutions
T
ED PR

We know that the system of equations

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
C

𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
©

(1) For Unique solution

𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

Here,
2 𝑘
≠
3 −5
−10
𝑘≠
3
−10
Hence for 𝑘 ≠ the system of equation has unique solution
3

(2) For no solution

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
Here,
2 𝑘 1
= ≠
3 −5 7
2 𝑘 𝑘 1
= and ≠
3 −5 −5 7
−10 −5
𝑘= and 𝑘 ≠
3 7
−10
Hence for 𝑘 = the system of equation has no solution
3

T IO S
(3) For infinitely many solutions

I
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2
NO A D
𝑏2 𝑐2

CO N
A
Here,

PY
DO U A
2 𝑘 1
= ≠
3 −5 7
T
ED PR

−10
⇒𝑘=
3
𝑘 1 −10
C

But since here ≠ (as 𝑘 = )

−5 7 3
©

Hence the system does not have infinitely many solutions.

Page No 3.74:
Question 31: For what value of k, the following system of equations
will represent the coincident lines?

x + 2y + 7 = 0
2x + ky + 14 = 0
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
 x + 2y + 7 = 0
2x + ky + 14 = 0
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation will
represents coincident lines
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

T IO S
For the system of equation to represent coincident lines we have the

I
following relation
NO A D
CO N
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
A
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

PY
Here,
DO U A

1 2
T7
= =
ED PR

2 𝑘 14
1 2 2 7
= and =
2 𝑘 𝑘 14
C
©

𝑘=4 and 𝑘 = 14
Hence for 𝑘 = 4 the system of equation represents coincident lines

Page No 3.74:
Question 32: Obtain the condition for the following system of linear
equations to have a unique solution

ax + by = c
lx + my = n
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
ax + by = c
lx + my = n
To find: To determine the condition for the system of equation to have a
unique equation
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

T IO S
For Unique solution

I
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
NO A D
CO N
𝑎2 𝑏2
A
Here

PY
DO U A
𝑎 𝑏
≠
𝑙 𝑚
T
ED PR

𝑎𝑚 ≠ 𝑏𝑙
Hence for 𝑎𝑚 ≠ 𝑏𝑙 the system of equation have unique solution.
C
©

Page No 3.74:
Question 33: Determine the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 so that the following
system of linear equations have infinitely many solutions :

(2a − 1) x + 3y − 5 = 0
3x + (b − 1)y − 2 = 0
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
(2a − 1) x + 3y − 5 = 0
3x + (b − 1)y − 2 = 0
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =

T IO S
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

I
Here
NO A D
CO N
(2𝑎−1) 3 5
= (𝑏−1) =
A
3 2

PY
3 5
DO U A
(𝑏−1)
=
2
T
ED PR

6 = 5(𝑏 − 1)
6 = 5𝑏 − 5
C

11
𝑏=
©

Again consider
(2𝑎−1) 3
= (𝑏−1)
3

(2𝑎 − 1)(𝑏 − 1) = 9
11
(2𝑎 − 1) ( − 1) = 9 [substituting the value of b]
5
11−5
(2𝑎 − 1) ( )=9
5
6
(2𝑎 − 1) ( ) = 9
5
5
(2𝑎 − 1) = 9 ( )
6
 15
(2𝑎 − 1) = ( )
2
15
2𝑎 = +1
2
15+2
2𝑎 =
2
17
2𝑎 =
2
17
𝑎=
4

T IO S I
NO A D
Hence for 𝑎 =
17
and 𝑏 =
11
the system of equation has infinitely many

CO N
4 5
A
solution.

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 3.75:
ED PR

Question 34: Find the values of a and b for which the following system
of linear equations has infinite number of solutions :
C
©

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3)𝑦 = 4𝑎 + 𝑏
ANSWER:
GIVEN:
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3)𝑦 = 4𝑎 + 𝑏
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here
2 3 7
(𝑎+𝑏)
= (𝑎+𝑏−3) =
4𝑎+𝑏

T IO S
Consider the following

I
NO A D
3
=
7

CO N
(𝑎+𝑏−3) 4𝑎+𝑏
A
12𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 7(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3)

PY
DO U A

12𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 7𝑎 + 7𝑏 − 21
T
ED PR

5𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 21 = 0 … (1)
Again
C
©

2 3
(𝑎+𝑏)
= (𝑎+𝑏−3)

2(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3) = 3(𝑎 + 𝑏)
2𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 6 = 3𝑎 + 3𝑏
a+b+6=0 … (2)
Multiplying eq. (2) by 4 and adding eq. (1)
9𝑎 + 45 = 0
𝑎 = −5
Putting the value of 𝑎 in eq. (2)

−5 + 𝑏 + 6 = 0
 𝑏 = −1
Hence for 𝑎 = −5 and 𝑏 = −1 the system of equation has infinitely
many solution.

Page No 3.75:
Question 35: Find the values of p and q for which the following system
of linear equations has infinite number of solutions:

T IO S I
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 9
NO A D
CO N
(𝑝 + 𝑞 )𝑥 + (2𝑝 − 𝑞 )𝑦 = 3(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 1)
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

GIVEN:
T
ED PR

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 9
(𝑝 + 𝑞 )𝑥 + (2𝑝 − 𝑞 )𝑦 = 3(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 1)
C
©

To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has

infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here

2 3 3
(𝑝+𝑞)
= (2𝑝−𝑞) = (𝑝+𝑞+1)
 3 3
(2𝑝−𝑞)
= (𝑝+𝑞+1)

3(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 1) = 3(2𝑝 − 𝑞 )
3𝑝 + 3𝑞 + 3 = 6𝑝 − 3𝑞
3𝑝 − 6𝑞 − 3 = 0 … (1)
Again consider
2 3
(𝑝+𝑞)
= (2𝑝−𝑞)

T IO S
3(𝑝 + 𝑞 ) = 2(2𝑝 − 𝑞 )

I
NO A D
3𝑝 + 3𝑞 = 4𝑝 − 2𝑞

CO N
A
𝑝 − 5𝑞 = 0 … (2)

PY
DO U A
Multiplying eq. (2) by 3 and subtracting from eq. (1)
T
ED PR

3𝑝 − 6𝑞 − 3 − 3𝑝 + 15𝑞 = 0
9𝑞 = 3
C

1
𝑞=
©

Putting the value of q in eq. (2)

5
𝑝− =0
3
5
𝑝=
3
5 1
Hence for 𝑝 = and 𝑞 = the system of equation has infinitely many
3 3
solution.

Page No 3.75:
Question 36: Find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 for which the following system
of equations has infinitely many solutions:

(i) (2𝑎 − 1)𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 5

3𝑥 + (𝑏 − 2)𝑦 = 3
(ii) 2𝑥 − (2𝑎 + 5)𝑦 = 5
(2𝑏 + 1)𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 15
(iii) (𝑎 − 1)𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2

T IO S
6𝑥 + (1 − 2𝑏)𝑦 = 6

I
(iv) 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 12
NO A D
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + 2(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑦 = 5𝑎 − 1

CO N
A
(v) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 3𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2

PY
DO U A
(vi) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0
T
(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 1)𝑦 = (3𝑎 − 1)
ED PR

(vii) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 2)𝑦 = 3𝑎
C

(viii) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1
©

(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2
(ix) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 = 28 − 𝑏𝑦
ANSWER:
(i) GIVEN:
(2𝑎 − 1)𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 5
3𝑥 + (𝑏 − 2)𝑦 = 3
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here
2𝑎−1 3 5
= =
3 −(𝑏−2) 3

Consider

T IO S
3 5
=

I
−(𝑏−2) 3
NO A D
CO N
−5𝑏 + 10 = 9
A
−5𝑏 = −1

PY
DO U A
1
𝑏=
T
5
ED PR

Again consider
2𝑎−1 5
C

=
3 3
©

2𝑎 − 1 = 5
2𝑎 = 6
𝑎=3
1
Hence for 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = the system of equation has infinitely many
5
solution.

(ii) GIVEN:
2𝑥 − (2𝑎 + 5)𝑦 = 5
(2𝑏 + 1)𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 15
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =

I
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
NO A D
CO N
Here
A
2 2𝑎+5 5
= =

PY
DO U A
2𝑏+1 9 15
T
Consider the following
ED PR

2𝑎+5 5
=
9 15
C

30𝑎 + 75 = 45
©

30𝑎 = −30
𝑎 = −1
Again consider
2 5
=
2𝑏+1 15

10𝑏 + 5 = 30
10𝑏 = 25
5
𝑏=
2
5
Hence for 𝑎 = −1 and 𝑏 = the system of equation has infinitely many
2
solution.
(iii) GIVEN:
(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
6𝑥 + (1 − 2𝑏)𝑦 = 6
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

I
NO A D
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

CO N
A
For infinitely many solutions

PY
DO U A
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
ED PR

Here
(𝑎−1) 3 2
= (1−2𝑏) =
C

6 6
©

Consider the following

3 2
(1−2𝑏)
=
6

2 − 4𝑏 = 18
−4𝑏 = 16
𝑏 = −4
Again consider
(𝑎−1) 2
=
6 6

6𝑎 − 6 = 12
6𝑎 = 18
𝑎=3
Hence for 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = −4 the system of equation has infinitely many
solution.

(iv) GIVEN:
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 12
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + 2(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑦 = 5𝑎 − 1

T IO S
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has

I
NO A D
infinitely many solutions

CO N
A
We know that the system of equations

PY
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
DO U A
T
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
ED PR

For infinitely many solutions

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
C

= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
©

Here
3 4 12
(𝑎+𝑏)
= =
2(𝑎−𝑏) 5𝑎−1

Consider the following

4 12
=
2(𝑎−𝑏) 5𝑎−1

24𝑎 − 24𝑏 = 20𝑎 − 4

4𝑎 − 24𝑏 = −4 … (1)
Again consider
3 12
(𝑎+𝑏)
=
5𝑎−1
12𝑎 + 12𝑏 = 15𝑎 − 3
3𝑎 − 12𝑏 = 3 … (2)
Multiplying eq. (2) by 2 and subtracting eq. (1) from eq. 2
2𝑎 = 10
𝑎=5
Substituting the value of ‘a’ in eq. (2) we get
15 − 12𝑏 = 3

T IO S I
−12𝑏 = −12
NO A D
CO N
𝑏=1
A
Hence for 𝑎 = 5 and 𝑏 = 1 the system of equation has infinitely many

PY
DO U A
solution.
T
ED PR

(v) GIVEN:
C

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
©

(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 3𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here
 2 3 7
(𝑎−𝑏)
= (𝑎+𝑏) =
3𝑎+𝑏−2

Consider the following

3 7
(𝑎+𝑏)
=
3𝑎+𝑏−2

9𝑎 + 3𝑏 − 6 = 7𝑎 + 7𝑏
2𝑎 − 4𝑏 = 6 … (1)
Again consider the following

T IO S
2 7
=

I
(𝑎−𝑏) 3𝑎+𝑏−2
NO A D
CO N
6𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 4 = 7𝑎 − 7𝑏
A
𝑎 − 9𝑏 = −4 … (2)

PY
DO U A

Multiplying eq. (2) by 2 and subtracting eq. (1) from eq. (2)
T
ED PR

−14𝑏 = −14
𝑏=1
C
©

Substituting the value of b in eq. (2) we get

𝑎 − 9 = −4
𝑎=5
Hence for 𝑎 = 5 and 𝑏 = 1 the system of equation has infinitely many
solution.

(vi) GIVEN:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0
(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 1)𝑦 = (3𝑎 − 1)
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
Rewrite the given equations
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0
(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 1)𝑦 = 3𝑎 − 1
We know that the system of equations

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

I
NO A D
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2

CO N
A
For infinitely many solutions

PY
DO U A
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
ED PR

Here
2 3 7
= (𝑎+1) =
C

(𝑎−1) 3𝑎−1
©

Consider the following

3 7
(𝑎+1)
=
3𝑎−1

9𝑎 − 3 = 7𝑎 + 7
2𝑎 = 10
𝑎=5
Hence for 𝑎 = 5 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.

(vii) GIVEN:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑎 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 2)𝑦 = 3𝑎
To find: To determine for what value of k the system of equation has
infinitely many solutions
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
For infinitely many solutions

T IO S
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =

I
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
NO A D
CO N
Here
A
2 3 7
= (𝑎+2) =

PY
DO U A
(𝑎−1) 3𝑎
T
Consider the following
ED PR

3 7
(𝑎+2)
=
3𝑎
C

9𝑎 = 7𝑎 + 14
©

2𝑎 = 14
𝑎=7
Hence for 𝑎 = 7 the system of equation have infinitely many solutions.

(viii) Given:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1
(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
has infinitely many solutions if
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
So,
1 2 1
= =
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+ 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏−2
1 2 2 1
⇒ = and =
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+ 𝑏 𝑎+ 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏−2

⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2𝑎 − 2𝑏 and 2𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 4 = 𝑎 + 𝑏

T IO S
⇒ 𝑎 = 3𝑏 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4

I
⇒ 𝑎 − 3𝑏 = 0 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4
NO A D
CO N
Solving these two equations, we get
A
−4𝑏 = −4

PY
DO U A

⇒𝑏=1
T
ED PR

Putting b = 1 in a + b = 4, we get
a=3
C
©

(ix) Given:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 = 28 − 𝑏𝑦
⇒ 2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 28
We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
has infinitely many solutions if
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
2 3 7
∴ = =
2𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 28
 1 3 1
⇒ = =
𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 4
1 3 3 1
⇒ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 4

Now,
1𝑎 = 3𝑎 + 𝑏
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 3𝑎

T IO S
⇒ 𝑏 = 2𝑎 . . . . . (1)

I
Also, 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 14
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 12 . . . . . (2)
A

PY
Solving (1) and (2), we get
DO U A

a = 4 and b = 8
T
ED PR

Page No 3.75:
C
©

Question 37: For which value(s) of λ, do the pair of linear equations

𝜆𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝜆2 and 𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 = 1 have
(i) no solution? (ii) infinitely many solutions?
(iii) a unique solution?
ANSWER:
The given linear equations are

𝜆𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝜆2
𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 = 1
(i) We know that the system of equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
will have no solution if
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

So,
𝜆 1 𝜆2
= ≠
1 𝜆 1

T IO S
⇒ 𝜆2 = 1

I
⇒𝜆 =±1 NO A D
CO N
A
Also,

PY
DO U A
1 𝜆2
≠
T
𝜆 1
ED PR

⇒ 𝜆3 ≠ 1
⇒𝜆≠1
C
©

Thus, the given system of equations has no solutions when 𝜆 = −1.

(ii) We know that the system of equations

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
will have no solution if
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

𝜆 1 𝜆2
∴ = =
1 𝜆 1

⇒ 𝜆2 = 1
⇒ 𝜆 = ±1
Also,
1 𝜆2
=
𝜆 1

⇒ 𝜆3 = 1
⇒𝜆=1
Thus, the given system of equations has infinitely many solutions when

T IO S
𝜆 = 1.

I
NO A D
CO N
(iii) We know that the system of equations
A
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1

PY
DO U A

𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2
T
ED PR

will have no solution if

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
C

𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
©

𝜆 1
⇒ ≠
1 𝜆

⇒ 𝜆2 ≠ 1
⇒𝜆 ≠±1
Thus, the given system of equations has a unique solution for all real
values of λ except ± 1.
 Exercise 3.6
Page No 3.78:
Question 1: 5 pens and 6 pencils together cost Rs 9 and 3 pens and 2
pencils cost Rs 5. Find the cost of 1 pen and 1 pencil.
ANSWER:
Given:
(i) 5 pens and 6 pencils together cost of Rs. 9.

T IO S
(ii) 3 pens and 2 pencils cost Rs. 5.

I
NO A D
To Find: Cost of 1 pen and 1 pencil.

CO N
A
Let

PY
DO U A
(i) The cost of 1 pen = Rs x.
T
ED PR

(ii) The cost of 1 pencil = Rs y.

According to question
C

5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 9 … (1)
©

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5 … (2)
Thus we get the following system of linear equation
5𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 9 = 0 … (3) from eq. 1
3𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 5 = 0 … (4) from eq. 2
By using cross multiplication, we have
−𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−30)−(−18)
= (−25)−(−27) = (10)−(18)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−30+18 −25 + 27 10−18
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−12 2 −8
 −12
∴𝑥=
−8
12
𝑥=
8
3
=
2
3
𝑥=
2
2
∴𝑦=
8

T IO S
1
𝑦=

I
4

NO A D 3

CO N
Cost of one pen = 𝑅𝑠.
A
2
1

PY
Cost of one pencil = 𝑅𝑠.
DO U A
4
T
ED PR

Page No 3.78:
C

Question 2: 7 audio cassettes and 3 video cassettes cost Rs 1110, while 5

©

audio cassettes and 4 video cassettes cost Rs 1350. Find the cost of an
audio cassette and a video cassette.
ANSWER:
Given:
(i) 7 Audio cassettes and 3 Video cassettes cost is 1110.
(ii) 5 Audio cassettes and 4 Video cassettes cost Rs. 1350.
To Find: Cost of 1 audio cassette and 1 video cassettes.
Let (i) the cost of 1 audio cassette = Rs. x.
(ii) the cost of 1 video cassette = Rs. y.
According to the given conditions, we have
 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1110
⇒ 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1110 = 0 … (1)
5𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 1350
⇒ 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1350 = 0 … (2)
Thus, we get the following system of linear equation,
… (1)

T IO S
7𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1110 = 0

I
5𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1350 = 0 … (2)
NO A D
CO N
By using cross multiplication, we have
A
−𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =

PY
DO U A
−4050−(−4440) −9450−(−5550) 28−15
T
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
ED PR

−4050+4440 −9450 + 5550 28−15

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
390 −3900 13
C

390
©

∴𝑥=
13

𝑥 = 𝑅𝑠. 30
3900
∴𝑦=
13

𝑦 = 𝑅𝑠. 300
Hence cost of 1 audio cassette = 𝑅𝑠. 30
Hence cost of 1 video cassette = 𝑅𝑠. 300

Page No 3.78:
Question 3: Reena has pens and pencils which together are 40 in
number. If she has 5 more pencils and 5 less pens, the number of pencils
would become 4 times the number of pens. Find the original number of
pens and pencils.
ANSWER:
Given:
(i) Total numbers of pens and pencils = 40.
(ii) If she has 5 more pencil and 5 less pens, the number of pencils
would be 4 times the number of pen.

T IO S
To find: Original number of pens and pencils.

I
NO A D
Suppose original number of pencil = x

CO N
A
And original number of pen = y

PY
According the given conditions, we have,
DO U A
T
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 40
ED PR

𝑥 + 𝑦 − 40 = 0 … (1)
C

5 + 𝑥 = 4(𝑦 − 5)
©

5 + 𝑥 = 4𝑦 − 20
𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5 + 20 = 0
𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 25 = 0 … (2)
Thus we got the following system of linear equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 40 = 0 … (1)
𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 25 = 0 … (2)
Substituting the value of y from equation 1 in equation 2 we get
𝑥 − 4(40 − 𝑥 ) + 25 = 0 [𝑦 = (40 − 𝑥 ) from equation 1]
𝑥 − 160 + 4𝑥 + 25 = 0
5𝑥 − 135 = 0
 135
𝑥=
5

𝑥 = 27
Substituting the value of y in equation 1 we get
27 + 𝑦 = 40,
𝑦 = 40 − 27
𝑦 = 13

T IO S
Hence we got the result number of pencils is 𝑥 = 27 and number of pens

I
are 𝑦 = 13
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 3.78:

PY
DO U A

Question 4: 4 tables and 3 chairs, together, cost Rs 2,250 and 3 tables

T
ED PR

and 4 chairs cost Rs 1950. Find the cost of 2 chairs and 1 table.
ANSWER:
C

Given:
©

(i) Cost of 4 tables and 3 chairs = Rs 2250.

(ii) Cost of 3 tables and 4 chairs = Rs 1950.
To find: The cost of 2 chairs and 1 table.
Suppose, the cost of 1 table = Rs x.
The cost of 1 chair = Rs y.
According to the given conditions,
4x + 3y = 2250,
4x + 3y − 2200 = 0 …… (1)
3x + 4y = 1950,
3x + 4y − 1950 = 0 …… (2)
Solving eq. (1) and Eq. (2) by cross multiplication
−𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−5850+9000 −7800+6750 16−9
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
3150 −1050 7
3150
𝑥=
7

= 450

T IO S I
∴ cost of 1 table = 𝑅𝑠. 450
NO A D
CO N
cost of 1 table = 𝑅𝑠. 450
A
1050
𝑦=

PY
DO U A
7 T
= 150
ED PR

∴ cost of 1 chairs = 𝑅𝑠. 150

Hence total cost of 2 chairs and 1 table = 𝑅𝑠. 750
C
©

Page No 3.79:
Question 5: 3 bags and 4 pens together cost Rs 257 whereas 4 bags and
3 pens together cost Rs 324. Find the total cost of 1 bag and 10 pens.
ANSWER:
Given:
(i) Cost of 3 bags and 4 pens = Rs. 257.
(ii) Cost of 4 bags and 3 pens = Rs. 324.
To Find: Cost of 1 bag and 10 pens.
Suppose, the cost of 1 bag = Rs. x.
and the cost 1 pen = Rs. y.
According to the given conditions, we have
3x + 4y = 257,
3x + 4y − 257 = 0 …… (1)
4x + 3y = 324
4x +3y − 324 = 0 …… (2)
Solving equation 1 and 2 by cross multiplication

T IO S
−𝑥 −𝑦 1

I
= =
NO A D
−1296+771 −972+1028 9−16

CO N
𝑥 −𝑦 1
A
= =
−525 56 −7

PY
DO U A
−525
𝑥=
−7
T
ED PR

= 75
∴ cost of 1 bag = 𝑅𝑠. 75
C

cost of 1 bag = 𝑅𝑠. 75

©

−56
𝑦=
−7

=8
∴ cost of 1 pen = 𝑅𝑠. 150
cost of 10 pens = 𝑅𝑠. 80.
Total cost of 1 bag and 10 pens = 𝑅𝑠. 155
Hence total cost of 1 bag and 10 pens = 𝑅𝑠. 155
 Page No 3.79:
Question 6: 5 books and 7 pens together cost Rs 79 whereas 7 books
and 5 pens together cost Rs 77. Find the total cost of 1 book and 2 pens.
ANSWER:
Given:
(i) Cost of 5 books and 7 pens = Rs. 79.
(ii) Cost of 7 books and 5 pens = Rs. 77.

T IO S
To find: Cost of 1 book and 2 pens.

I
NO A D
Suppose the cost of 1 book = Rs x.

CO N
A
and the cost of 1 pen = Rs y.

PY
DO U A
According to the given conditions, we have
T
ED PR

5x + 7y = 79
5x + 7y − 79 = 0 …… (1)
C

7x + 5y = 77,
©

5x + 7y − 77 = 0 …… (2)
Thus we get the following system of linear equation,
5𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 79 = 0 and
5𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 77 = 0.
−𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−539+385 −385+553 25−49
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−144 −168 −24
−144
𝑥=
−24

𝑥=6
 −𝑦 1
=
−385+553 25−49
−𝑦 1
=
168 −24
−168
𝑦=
−24

𝑦=7
Hence, the cost of 1 book = Rs 6
and the cost of 1 pen = Rs 7.

T IO S I
Therefore, the cost of 2 pen = Rs 14.
NO A D
CO N
Total cost of 1 book and 2 pens = 14 + 6 = 20
A
Total cost of 1 book and 2 pens = 𝑅𝑠. 24

PY
DO U A
Hence total cost of 1 book and 2 pens = 𝑅𝑠. 20
T
ED PR

Page No 3.79:
C

Question 7: Jamila sold a table and a chair for ₹1050, thereby making a
©

profit of 10% on the table and 25% on the chair. If she had taken a profit
of 25% on the table and 10% on the chair she would have got ₹ 1065.
Find the cost price of each.
ANSWER:
Let the CP of the table be Rs x and that of the chair be Rs y.
10
Case I: Profit on table = 𝑥
100

We know SP − CP = Profit
⇒ SP = Profit + CP
10 110 11
⇒ SP = 𝑥+𝑥 = 𝑥= 𝑥
100 100 10
 25
Profit on chair = 𝑦
100
25 125
SP = 𝑦+𝑦= 𝑦
100 100
110 125
Total SP = 𝑥+ 𝑦 = 1050
100 100

110𝑥 + 125𝑦 = 105000 … (𝑖)

25
Case II: Profit on table = 𝑥
100

T IO S
⇒ SP = Profit + CP

I
25 125
⇒ SP =
NO A D100
𝑥+𝑥 =
100
𝑥

CO N
A
10
Profit on chair = 𝑦
100

PY
DO U A
10 110
SP = 𝑦+𝑦= 𝑦
T
100 100
ED PR

125 110
Total SP = 𝑥+ 𝑦 = 1065
100 100
C

125𝑥 + 110𝑦 = 106500 … (𝑖𝑖)

©

From (i) and (ii), we have

235(x + y) = 211500
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 900 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we have
15(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 1500
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 100 … (𝑖𝑣 )
Solving (iii) and (iv), we get
x = 500 and y = 400
Thus, CP of table = Rs 500 and CP of chair = Rs 400.
 Page No 3.79:
Question 8: Susan invested certain amount of money in two schemes A
and B, which offer interest at the rate of 8% per annum and 9% per annum,
respectively. She received ₹1860 as annual interest. However, had she
interchanged the amount of investment in the two schemes, she would
have received ₹20 more as annual interest. How much money did she
invest in each scheme?
ANSWER:

T IO S
Let the money invested in Scheme A be Rs x and that in Scheme B be

I
Rs y.
NO A D
CO N
𝑃𝑅𝑇
A
𝐼=
100

PY
DO U A
8𝑥
So, Interest in scheme 𝐴 =
100
T
ED PR

9𝑦
Interest in scheme 𝐵 =
100
8𝑥 9𝑦
C

Total annual interest = + = 1860

100 100
©

⇒ 8𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 186000 .....(i)
After interchanging the amounts in the two schemes, the new total annual
9𝑥 8𝑦
interest = + .
100 100

Now,
9𝑥 8𝑦
+ = 1860 + 20 = 1880
100 100

⇒ 9𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 188000 ..... (ii)

Adding (i) and (ii), we get
17𝑥 + 17𝑦 = 374000
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 22000 ..... (iii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2000 ......(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
2𝑥 = 24000
⇒ 𝑥 = 12000
Puting x = 12000 in (iii), we get
12000 + 𝑦 = 22000

T IO S I
⇒ 𝑦 = 10000
NO A D
CO N
So, the money invested in scheme A = Rs 12,000 and in scheme B = Rs
A
10,000.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.79:
Question 9: The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs
C

3800. Later, he buys 3 bats and 5 balls for Rs 1750. Find the cost of each
©

bat and each ball.

ANSWER:
Given: (i) 7 bats and 6balls cost is Rs3800
(ii) 3 bats and 5balls cost is Rs1750
To find: Cost of 1 bat and 1 ball
Let (i) the cost of 1 bat = Rs. x.
(ii) the cost of 1 ball = Rs. y.
According to the given conditions, we have
7𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 3800
7𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3800 = 0 … (1)
 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1750
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 1750 = 0 … (2)
Thus, we get the following system of linear equation,
7x + 6y − 3800 = 0 …… (1)
3x + 5y − 1750 = 0 …… (2)
By using cross multiplication, we have
−𝑥 −𝑦 1

T IO S
(−1750×6)−(−3800×5)
= (−1750×7)−(−3800×3) =
35−18

I
𝑥 −𝑦 1
NO A D = (−850) =

CO N
(8500) 17
A
𝑥 1
=

PY
(8500) 17
DO U A

𝑥 = 500
T
ED PR

−𝑦 1
(−850)
=
17
C

𝑥 = 50
©

Hence cost of 1 bat = 𝑥 = 500

Hence cost of 1 ball = 𝑥 = 50

Page No 3.79:
Question 10: A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days
and additional charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a
book kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs 21 for the book she kept for
five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
ANSWER:
To find:
(1) the fixed charge
(2) The charge for each day
Let the fixed charge be Rs x
And the extra charge per day be Rs y.
According to the given conditions,
𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 27
𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 27 = 0 … (1)

T IO S I
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 21
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 21 = 0 … (2)
A
Subtracting equation 1 and 2 we get

PY
DO U A

2𝑦 = 6
T
ED PR

𝑦=3
Substituting the value of y in equation 1 we get
C
©

𝑥 + 4(3) − 27 = 0
𝑥 + 12 − 27 = 0
𝑥 − 15 = 0
𝑥 = 15
Hence the fixed charge is 𝑥 = 𝑅𝑠. 15 and the charge of each day 𝑦 =
𝑅𝑠. 3
 Page No 3.79:
Question 11: The cost of 4 pens and 4 pencil boxes is ₹100. Three times
the cost of a pen is ₹15 more than the cost of a pencil box. Form the pair
of linear equations for the above situation. Find the cost of a pen and a
pencil box.
ANSWER:
Let the cost of 1 pen be ₹x and that of 1 pencil box be ₹y.
Now,

T IO S
Cost of 4 pens + Cost of 4 pencil boxes = ₹100 (Given)

I
NO A D
⇒ 4x + 4y = 100

CO N
⇒ x + y = 25 .....(i)
A
Also,

PY
3 × Cost of a pen = Cost of a pencil box + ₹15
DO U A
T
3x = y + 15
ED PR

⇒ 3x − y = 15 .....(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
C

4x = 40
©

⇒ x = 10
Putting x = 10 in (i), we get
10 + y = 25
⇒ y = 15
Thus, the cost of a pen = ₹10 and that of a pencil box = ₹15.

Page No 3.79:
Question 12: One says, "Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become
twice as rich as you." The other replies, "If you give me ten, I shall be six
times as rich as you." Tell me what is the amount of their respective
capital?
ANSWER:
To find:
(1) Total amount of A.
(2) Total amount of B.
Suppose A has Rs x and B has Rs y
According to the given conditions,
x + 100 = 2(y − 100)
x + 100 = 2y − 200

T IO S
x − 2y = −300 ....(1)

I
and
NO A D
CO N
A
y + 10 = 6(x − 10)
y + 10 = 6x − 60

PY
DO U A
6x − y = 70 ....(2)
T
ED PR

Multiplying equation (2) by 2 we get

12x − 2y = 140 .... (3)
C

Subtracting (1) from (3), we get

©

11x = 440
x = 40

Substituting the value of x in equation (1), we get

40 − 2y = −300
−2y = −340
y = 170

Hence A has 𝑥 = 𝑅𝑠. 40 and B has 𝑦 = 𝑅𝑠. 170

 Page No 3.79:
Question 13: A and B each have a certain number of mangoes. A says
to B, "if you give 30 of your mangoes, I will have twice as many as left
with you." B replies, "if you give me 10, I will have thrice as many as
left with you." How many mangoes does each have?
ANSWER:
To find:

T IO S
(1) Total mangoes of A.

I
(2) Total mangoes of B.
NO A D
CO N
Suppose A has x mangoes and B has y mangoes,
A
According to the given conditions,

PY
DO U A

𝑥 + 30 = 2(𝑦 − 30)
T
ED PR

𝑥 + 30 = 2𝑦 − 60
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 30 + 60 = 0
C
©

𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 90 = 0 … (1)
𝑦 + 10 = 3(𝑥 − 10)
𝑦 + 0 = 3𝑥 − 30
𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 10 + 30 = 0
𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 40 = 0 … (2)
Multiplying eq. 1 by (3).
3𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 270 = 0 … (3) and
Now adding eq.2 and eq.3
5y = 310
310
y=
5
 𝑦 = 62
𝑥 − 2 × 62 + 90 = 0
𝑥 − 124 + 90 = 0
𝑥 − 34 = 0
𝑥 = 34
Hence A has 34 mangoes and B has 62 mangoes.

T IO S I
Page No 3.79:
NO A D
CO N
Question 14: Vijay had some bananas, and he divided them into two lots
A
A and B. He sold first lot at the rate of ₹2 for 3 bananas and the second

PY
lot at the rate of ₹1 per banana and got a total of ₹400. If he had sold the
DO U A

first lot at the rate of ₹1 per banana and the second lot at the rate of ₹4 per
T
ED PR

five bananas, his total collection would have been ₹460. Find the total
number of bananas he had.
C

ANSWER:
©

Let the bananas in lot A be x and that in lot B be y.

Vijay sold 3 bananas for Rs 2 in lot A.
2
So, the cost of x bananas in lot A = 𝑥
3

Now,
Cost of x bananas in lot A + Cost of y bananas in lot B = ₹400
2
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 400
3

⇒ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1200 . . . (𝑖)
Now, if he sells the first lot at the rate of Rs 1 per banana and second for
Rs 4 for 5 bananas, then
 4
𝑥 + 𝑦 = ₹460
5

⇒ 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 2300 … (𝑖𝑖)

Solving (i) and (ii), we get

x = 300 and y = 200
So, the total number of bananas = x + y = 300 + 200 = 500.

T IO S I
Page No 3.79:
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 15: On selling a T.V. at 5% gain and a fridge at 10% gain, a
shopkeeper gains Rs 2000. But if he sells the T.V. at 10% gain the fridge

PY
DO U A
at 5% loss. He gains Rs 1500 on the transaction. Find the actual prices of
T
T.V. and fridge.
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

Given:
©

(i) On selling of a T.V. at 5% gain and a fridge at 10% gain, shopkeeper

gain Rs.2000.
(ii) Selling T.V. at 10% gain and fridge at 5% loss. He gains Rs. 1500.
To find: Actual price of T.V. and fridge.
Let the S.P. of T.V. = Rs. x
Let the S.P. of fridge = Rs. y
5𝑥
S.P. of T.V. at 5% gain =
100
10𝑥
S.P. of T.V. at 10% gain =
100
5𝑦
S.P. of Fridge at 5% gain =
100
 10𝑦
S.P. of Fridge at 10% gain =
100

According to the question:

5𝑥 10𝑦
+ = 2000
100 100

5𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 200000
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 40000
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 40000 = 0 … (1)

T IO S
10𝑥 5𝑦
− 𝑦 = 1500

I
100 100
NO A D
CO N
10𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 15000
A
2𝑥 − 1𝑦 = 30000

PY
DO U A

2𝑥 − 1𝑦 = 30000 = 0 … (2)
T
ED PR

Hence we got the pair of equations

1x + 2y − 40000 = 0 …… (1)
C

2x − 1y − 30000 = 0 …… (2)
©

Solving the equation by cross multiplication method;

−𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−30000×2)−(−40000)
= (−30000×1)−(−40000×2) = (−1−4)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−100000)
= (50000) = (−5)
𝑥 1
(−100000)
= (−5)

𝑥 = 20000
−𝑦 1
(50000)
= (−5)

𝑦 = 10000
Cost of T.V. = 20000
Cost of fridge = 10000
Hence the cost of T.V. is 𝑅𝑠. 20000 and that of fridge is 𝑅𝑠. 10000.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 3.7
Page No 3.85:
Question 1: The sum of two numbers is 8. If their sum is four times their
difference, find the numbers.
ANSWER:
Let the numbers are x and y. One of them must be greater than or equal to
the other. Let us assume that x is greater than or equal to y.

T IO S
The sum of the two numbers is 8. Thus, we have 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8

I
NO A D
The sum of the two numbers is four times their difference. Thus, we have

CO N
A
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4(𝑥 − 𝑦)

PY
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 4𝑦
DO U A
T
⇒ 4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
ED PR

⇒ 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0
C

So, we have two equations

©

𝑥+𝑦 =8
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
Multiplying the first equation by 5 and then adding with the second
equation, we have
5(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (3𝑥 − 5𝑦) = 5 × 8 + 0
⇒ 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 40
⇒ 8𝑥 = 40
40
⇒𝑥=
8
⇒𝑥=5
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
5+𝑦 =8
⇒𝑦 =8−5
⇒𝑦=3
Hence, the numbers are 5 and 3.

T IO S I
Page No 3.85:
NO A D
CO N
Question 2: The sum of digits of a two-digit number is 13. If the number
A
is subtracted from the one obtained by interchanging the digits, the result

PY
is 45. What is the number?
DO U A
T
ANSWER:
ED PR

Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.
C
©

The sum of the digits of the number is 13. Thus, we have 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13

After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
The difference between the number obtained by interchanging the digits
and the original number is 45. Thus, we have
10(𝑥 + 𝑦) − (10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = 45
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = 45
⇒ 9𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 45
⇒ 9(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 45
45
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =
9

⇒𝑥−𝑦 =5
So, we have two equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
𝑥−𝑦 =5
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
Adding the two equations, we have
(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 13 + 5

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 18

I
NO A D
⇒ 2𝑥 = 18

CO N
A
18
⇒ 2𝑥 =

PY
2
DO U A

⇒𝑥=9
T
ED PR

Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have

9 + 𝑦 = 13
C
©

⇒ 𝑦 = 13 − 9
⇒𝑦=4
Hence, the number is 10 × 4 + 9 = 49.

Page No 3.86:
Question 3: A number consist of two digits whose sum is five. When
the digits are reversed, the number becomes greater by nine. Find the
number.
ANSWER:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.
The sum of the digits of the number is 5. Thus, we have 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
The number obtained by interchanging the digits is greater by 9 from the
original number. Thus, we have
10𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10𝑦 + 𝑥 + 9
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = 9
⇒ 9𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 9

T IO S
⇒ 9(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 9

I
NO A D9

CO N
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =
9
A
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =1

PY
DO U A

So, we have two equations

T
ED PR

𝑥+𝑦 =5
𝑥−𝑦 =1
C
©

Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations

for x and y.
Adding the two equations, we have

(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 5 + 1
⇒𝑥+𝑦+𝑥−𝑦 =6
⇒ 2𝑥 = 6
6
⇒𝑥=
2

⇒𝑥=3
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
3+𝑦 =5
⇒𝑦 =5−3
⇒𝑦=2
Hence, the number is 10 × 2 + 3 = 23.

Page No 3.86:

T IO S
Question 4: The sum of digits of a two number is 15. The number
obtained by reversing the order of digits of the given number exceeds the

I
NO A D
given number by 9. Find the given number.

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number be x and y
DO U A

respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.

T
ED PR

The sum of the digits of the number is 15. Thus, we have 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 15

After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
C

The number obtained by interchanging the digits is exceeding by 9 from

©

the original number. Thus, we have

10𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10𝑦 + 𝑥 + 9
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = 9
⇒ 9𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 9
⇒ 9(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 9
9
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =
9

⇒𝑥−𝑦 =1
So, we have two equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 15
𝑥−𝑦 =1
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
Adding the two equations, we have
(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 15 + 1

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 16

I
NO A D
⇒ 2𝑥 = 16

CO N
A
16
⇒𝑥=

PY
2
DO U A

⇒𝑥=8
T
ED PR

Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have

8 + 𝑦 = 15
C
©

⇒ 𝑦 = 15 − 8
⇒𝑦=7
Hence, the number is 10 × 7 + 8 = 78.

Page No 3.86:
Question 5: The sum of a two-digit number and the number formed by
reversing the order of digit is 66. If the two digits differ by 2, find the
number. How many such numbers are there?
ANSWER:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.
The two digits of the number are differing by 2. Thus, we have 𝑥 − 𝑦 =
±2
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
The sum of the numbers obtained by interchanging the digits and the
original number is 66. Thus, we have
(10𝑥 + 𝑦) + (10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = 66
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 66

T IO S
⇒ 11𝑥 + 11𝑦 = 66

I
NO A D
⇒ 11(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 66

CO N
A
66
⇒𝑥+𝑦 =
11

PY
DO U A
⇒𝑥+𝑦 =6
T
ED PR

So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations

𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2,
C

𝑥+𝑦 =6
©

𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2,
𝑥+𝑦 =6
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of
equations for x and y.
(i) First, we solve the system
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2,
𝑥+𝑦 =6
Adding the two equations, we have
(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 2 + 6
⇒𝑥−𝑦+𝑥+𝑦 =8
⇒ 2𝑥 = 8
8
⇒𝑥=
2

⇒𝑥=4
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
4−𝑦 =2

T IO S
⇒𝑦 =4−2

I
⇒𝑦=2
NO A D
CO N
A
Hence, the number is 10 × 2 + 4 = 24.

PY
(ii) Now, we solve the system
DO U A
T
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2,
ED PR

𝑥+𝑦 =6
C

Adding the two equations, we have

©

(𝑥 − 𝑦) + (𝑥 + 𝑦) = −2 + 6
⇒𝑥−𝑦+𝑥+𝑦 =4
⇒ 2𝑥 = 4
4
⇒𝑥=
2

⇒𝑥=2
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
2 − 𝑦 = −2
⇒𝑦 =2+2
⇒𝑦=4
Hence, the number is 10 × 4 + 2 = 42.
There are two such numbers.

Page No 3.86:
Question 6: The sum of two numbers is 1000 and the difference between
their squares is 256000. Find the numbers.
ANSWER:

T IO S
Let the numbers are x and y. One of them must be greater than or equal to

I
NO A D
the other. Let us assume that x is greater than or equal to y.

CO N
A
The sum of the two numbers is 1000. Thus, we have 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1000

PY
The difference between the squares of the two numbers is 256000. Thus,
DO U A

we have
T
ED PR

𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 256000
⇒ (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 256000
C
©

⇒ 1000(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 256000
256000
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =
1000

⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 256
So, we have two equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1000
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 256
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
Adding the two equations, we have
(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥 − 𝑦) = 1000 + 256
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1256
⇒ 2𝑥 = 1256
1256
⇒𝑥=
2

⇒ 𝑥 = 628
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
628 + 𝑦 = 1000

T IO S
⇒ 𝑦 = 1000 − 628

I
⇒ 𝑦 = 372
NO A D
CO N
A
Hence, the numbers are 628 and 372.

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 3.86:
ED PR

Question 7: The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by

reversing the order of its digits is 99. If the digits differ by 3, find the
C

number.
©

ANSWER:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.
The two digits of the number are differing by 3. Thus, we have 𝑥 − 𝑦 =
±3
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
The sum of the numbers obtained by interchanging the digits and the
original number is 99. Thus, we have
(10𝑥 + 𝑦) + (10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = 99
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 99
⇒ 11𝑥 + 11𝑦 = 99
⇒ 11(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 99
99
⇒𝑥+𝑦 =
11

⇒𝑥+𝑦 =9
So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations
𝑥−𝑦 =3

T IO S
𝑥+𝑦 =9

I
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3,
NO A D
CO N
A
𝑥+𝑦 =9

PY
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of
DO U A

equations for x and y.

T
ED PR

(i) First, we solve the system

𝑥−𝑦 =3
C
©

𝑥+𝑦 =9
Adding the two equations, we have

(𝑥 − 𝑦) + (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 3 + 9
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12
⇒ 2𝑥 = 12
12
⇒𝑥=
2

⇒𝑥=6
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
6−𝑦 =3
⇒𝑦 =6−3
⇒𝑦=3
Hence, the number is 10 × 3 + 6 = 36.
(ii) Now, we solve the system
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3,
𝑥+𝑦 =9

T IO S
Adding the two equations, we have

I
(𝑥 − 𝑦) + (𝑥 + 𝑦) = −3 + 9
NO A D
CO N
⇒𝑥−𝑦+𝑥+𝑦 =6
A
⇒ 2𝑥 = 6

PY
DO U A
6
⇒𝑥=
T
2
ED PR

⇒𝑥=3
C

Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have

©

3 − 𝑦 = −3
⇒𝑦 =3+3
⇒𝑦=6
Hence, the number is10 × 6 + 3 = 63.
Note that there are two such numbers.

Page No 3.86:
Question 8: A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits. If 18 is
added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
ANSWER:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.
The number is 4 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we have
10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 4(𝑥 + 𝑦)

T IO S
⇒ 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 4𝑦

I
NO A D
⇒ 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = 0

CO N
A
⇒ 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 0

PY
⇒ 3(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 0
DO U A
T
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
ED PR

After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.

C

If 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Thus, we have

©

(10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) + 18 = 10𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = 18
⇒ 9𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 18
⇒ 9(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 18
18
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =
9

⇒𝑥−𝑦 =2
So, we have the systems of equations
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0,
𝑥−𝑦 =2
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of
equations for x and y.
Subtracting the first equation from the second, we have
(𝑥 − 𝑦) − (𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 2 − 0
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2
⇒𝑦=2
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have

T IO S
𝑥−2×2=0

I
⇒𝑥−4=0NO A D
CO N
A
⇒𝑥=4

PY
DO U A
Hence, the number is 10 × 2 + 4 = 24.
T
ED PR

Page No 3.86:
C

Question 9: A two-digit number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of its

©

digits. If 8 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the
number.
ANSWER:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is .
The number is 3 more than 4 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we
have
10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 4(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 3
⇒ 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3
⇒ 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = −3
⇒ 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −3
⇒ 3(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = −3
3
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −
3

⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −1
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
If 18 is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Thus, we have

T IO S
(10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) + 18 = 10𝑥 + 𝑦

I
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = 18
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ 9𝑥 − 𝑦 = 18

PY
⇒ 9(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 18
DO U A
T18
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =
ED PR

⇒𝑥−𝑦 =2
C

So, we have the systems of equations

©

𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −1,
𝑥−𝑦 =2
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of
equations for x and y.
Subtracting the first equation from the second, we have
(𝑥 − 𝑦) − (𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 2 − (−1)
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
⇒𝑦=3
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
𝑥 − 2 × 3 = −1
⇒ 𝑥 − 6 = −1
⇒ 𝑥 = −1 + 6
⇒𝑥=5
Hence, the number is 10 × 3 + 5 = 35.

Page No 3.86:

T IO S
Question 10: A two-digit number is 4 more than 6 times the sum of its
digits. If 18 is subtracted from the number, the digits are reversed. Find

I
NO A D
the number.

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
DO U A

be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.

T
ED PR

The number is 4 more than 6 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we
have
C

10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 6(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 4
©

⇒ 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 6𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 4
⇒ 6𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = −4
⇒ 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −4
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
If 18 is subtracted from the number, the digits are reversed. Thus, we
have
(10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) − 18 = 10𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = −18
⇒ 9𝑥 − 9𝑦 = −18
⇒ 9(𝑥 − 𝑦) = −18
18
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =
9

⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2
So, we have the systems of equations
5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −4
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2

T IO S
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of

I
equations for x and y.
NO A D
CO N
Multiplying the second equation by 5 and then subtracting from the first,
A
we have

PY
DO U A
(5𝑥 − 4𝑦) − (5𝑥 − 5𝑦) = −4 − (−2 × 5)
T
ED PR

⇒ 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 5𝑥 + 5𝑦 = −4 + 10
⇒𝑦=6
C

Substituting the value of y in the second equation, we have

©

𝑥 − 6 = −2
⇒𝑥 =6−2
⇒𝑥=4
Hence, the number is 10 × 6 + 4 = 64.

Page No 3.86:
Question 11: A two-digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits and twice
the product of the digits. Find the number.
ANSWER:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.
The number is 4 times the sum of the two digits. Thus, we have
10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 4(𝑥 + 𝑦)
⇒ 10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 4𝑦
⇒ 4𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = 0
⇒ 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 0

T IO S
⇒ 3(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 0

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0

CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 = 2𝑦

PY
DO U A
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
T
ED PR

The number is twice the product of the digits. Thus, we have 10𝑦 + 𝑥 =
2𝑥𝑦
C

So, we have the systems of equations

©

𝑥 = 2𝑦,
10𝑦 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of
equations for x and y.
Substituting 𝑥 = 2𝑦 in the second equation, we get
10𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 2 × 2𝑦 × 𝑦
⇒ 12𝑦 = 4𝑦 2
⇒ 4𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 = 0
⇒ 4𝑦(𝑦 − 3) = 0
⇒ 𝑦(𝑦 − 3) = 0
⇒ 𝑦 = 0 Or 𝑦 = 3
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
𝑦 0 3
𝑥 0 6

Hence, the number is 10 × 3 + 6 = 36.

Note that the first pair of solution does not give a two-digit number.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 3.86:

CO N
A
Question 12: A two-digit number is such that the product of its digits is
20. If 9 is added to the number, the digits interchange their places. Find

PY
DO U A
the number.
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
C

be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.

©

The product of the two digits of the number is 20. Thus, we have 𝑥𝑦 =
20
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
If 9 is added to the number, the digits interchange their places. Thus, we
have
(10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) + 9 = 10𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ 10𝑦 + 𝑥 + 9 = 10𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ 10𝑥 + 𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 𝑥 = 9
⇒ 9𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 9
⇒ 9(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 9
 9
⇒𝑥−𝑦 =
9

⇒𝑥−𝑦 =1
So, we have the systems of equations
𝑥𝑦 = 20,
𝑥−𝑦 =1
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of

T IO S
equations for x and y.

I
Substituting 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑦 from the second equation to the first equation,
we getNO A D
CO N
A
(1 + 𝑦)𝑦 = 20

PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 20
T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 − 20 = 0
⇒ 𝑦 2 + 5𝑦 − 4𝑦 − 20 = 0
C

⇒ 𝑦(𝑦 + 5) − 4(𝑦 + 5) = 0
©

⇒ (𝑦 + 5)(𝑦 − 4) = 0
⇒ 𝑦 = −5 Or 𝑦 = 4
Substituting the value of y in the second equation, we have
𝑦 −5 4
𝑥 −4 5

Hence, the number is 10 × 4 + 5 = 45.

Note that in the first pair of solution the values of x and y are both
negative. But, the digits of the number can’t be negative. So, we must
remove this pair.
 Page No 3.86:
Question 13: The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number
is three times the other. Find them.
ANSWER:
Let the numbers are x and y. One of them must be greater than or equal
to the other. Let us assume that x is greater than or equal to y.

T IO S
The difference between the two numbers is 26. Thus, we have 𝑥 − 𝑦 =

I
26
NO A D
CO N
One of the two numbers is three times the other number. Here, we are
A
assuming that x is greater than or equal to y. Thus, we have 𝑥 = 3𝑦

PY
DO U A
So, we have two equations
T
ED PR

𝑥 − 𝑦 = 26
𝑥 = 3𝑦
C

Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations

©

for x and y.
Substituting 𝑥 = 3𝑦 from the second equation in the first equation, we
get
3𝑦 − 𝑦 = 26
⇒ 2𝑦 = 26
26
⇒𝑦=
2

⇒ 𝑦 = 13
Substituting the value of y in the first equation, we have
𝑥 − 13 = 26
⇒ 𝑥 = 13 + 26
⇒ 𝑥 = 39
Hence, the numbers are 39 and 13.

Page No 3.86:
Question 14: The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine
times this number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of

T IO S
the digits. Find the number.

I
NO A D
ANSWER:

CO N
A
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.

PY
DO U A

The sum of the two digits of the number is 9. Thus, we have 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 9

T
ED PR

After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.

Also, 9 times the number is equal to twice the number obtained by
C

reversing the order of the digits. Thus, we have

©

9(10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = 2(10𝑥 + 𝑦)
⇒ 90𝑦 + 9𝑥 = 20𝑥 + 2𝑦
⇒ 20𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 90𝑦 − 9𝑥 = 0
⇒ 11𝑥 − 88𝑦 = 0
⇒ 11(𝑥 − 8𝑦) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 0
So, we have the systems of equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 9,
𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of
equations for x and y.
Substituting 𝑧 = 8𝑦 from the second equation to the first equation, we
get
8𝑦 + 𝑦 = 9
⇒ 9𝑦 = 9

T IO S
9
⇒𝑦=

I
9

⇒𝑦=1 NO A D
CO N
A
Substituting the value of y in the second equation, we have

PY
DO U A
𝑥−8×1=0
T
ED PR

⇒𝑥−8=0
⇒𝑥=8
C

Hence, the number is 10 × 1 + 8 = 18.

©

Page No 3.86:
Question 15: Seven times a two-digit number is equal to four times the
number obtained by reversing the digits. If the difference between the
digits is 3. Find the number.
ANSWER:
Let the digits at units and tens place of the given number
be x and y respectively. Thus, the number is 10𝑦 + 𝑥.
The difference between the two digits of the number is 3. Thus, we
have 𝑥 − 𝑦 = ± 3
After interchanging the digits, the number becomes 10𝑥 + 𝑦.
Seven times the number is equal to four times the number obtained by
reversing the order of the digits. Thus, we have
70(10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = 4(10𝑥 + 𝑦)
⇒ 70𝑦 + 7𝑥 = 40𝑥 + 4𝑦
⇒ 40𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 70𝑦 − 7𝑥 = 0
⇒ 33𝑥 − 66𝑦 = 0

T IO S
⇒ 33(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 0

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0

CO N
A
So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations

PY
DO U A
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3,
T
ED PR

𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3,
C

𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
©

Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above systems of

equations for x and y.
(i) First, we solve the system
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3,
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
Multiplying the first equation by 2 and then subtracting from the second
equation, we have
(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 0 − 2 × 3
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −6
⇒ −𝑥 = −6
⇒𝑥=6
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
6−𝑦 =3
⇒𝑦 =6−3
⇒𝑦=3
Hence, the number is 10 × 3 + 6 = 36.

T IO S
(ii) Now, we solve the system

I
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3,
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
A
Multiplying the first equation by 2 and then subtracting from the second

PY
DO U A
equation, we have
T
ED PR

(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − 2(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 0 − (−3 × 2)

⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 6
C

⇒ −𝑥 = 6
©

⇒ 𝑥 = −6
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have
−6 − 𝑦 = −3
⇒ 𝑦 = −6 + 3
⇒ 𝑦 = −3
But, the digits of the number can’t be negative. Hence, the second case
must be removed.

Page No 3.86:
Question 16: Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 6. If 8 is subtracted from
each of the numbers, the ratio becomes 4 : 5. Find the numbers.
ANSWER:
Let the two numbers be x and y.
So,
𝑥 5
=
𝑦 6

⇒ 6𝑥 = 5𝑦

T IO S
⇒ 6𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0 … (𝑖)

I
NO A D
Now, when 8 is subtracted from each of the numbers, then

CO N
A
𝑥−8 4
=
𝑦−8 5

PY
DO U A
⇒ 5𝑥 − 40 = 4𝑦 − 32
T
ED PR

⇒ 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 8 … (𝑖𝑖)
Multiplying (i) with 4 and (ii) with 5, we get
C

24x − 20y = 0 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

©

25x − 20y = 40 … (𝑖𝑣)

Subtracting (iii) from (iv), we get
x = 40
Putting x = 40 in (i), we get
240 − 5y = 0
⇒ y = 48
Thus, the two numbers are 40 and 48.

Page No 3.86:
Question 17: A two-digit number is obtained by either multiplying the
sum of the digits by 8 and then subtracting 5 or by multiplying the
difference of the digits by 16 and then adding 3. Find the number.
ANSWER:
Let the digits of the two-digit number be x and y. So, the two-digit number
will be 10x + y.
Now, according to the given condition the number is obtained in two
ways.

T IO S
Case I: 8(x + y) − 5 = 10x + y

I
⇒ 8x + 8y − 5 = 10x + y
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 2x −7y = −5 .....(1)
A
Case II: 16(x − y) + 3 = 10x + y

PY
⇒ 16x − 16y + 3 = 10x + y
DO U A

⇒ 6x − 17y = −3 .....(2)
T
ED PR

Multiplying (1) by 3, we get

6x − 21y = −15 .....(3)
Subtracting (2) from (3), we get
C

− 4y = −12
©

⇒y=3
Putting y = 3 in (1), we get
2x − 21 = −5
⇒ 2x = 16
⇒x=8
So, the required number is 10x + y = 10 × 8 + 3 = 83.
 Exercise 3.8
Page No 3.88:
Question 1: The numerator of a fraction is 4 less than the denominator. If
the numerator is decreased by 2 and denominator is increased by 1, then
the denominator is eight times the numerator. Find the fraction.
ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥

T IO S
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦

I
NO A D
The numerator of the fraction is 4 less the denominator. Thus, we have

CO N
A
𝑥 =𝑦−4

PY
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4
DO U A
T
If the numerator is decreased by 2 and denominator is increased by 1,
ED PR

then the denominator is 8 times the numerator. Thus, we have

𝑦 + 1 = 8(𝑥 − 2)
C
©

⇒ 𝑦 + 1 = 8𝑥 − 16
⇒ 8𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 + 16
⇒ 8𝑥 − 𝑦 = 17
So, we have two equations
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −4
8𝑥 − 𝑦 = 17
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
Subtracting the second equation from the first equation, we get
(𝑥 − 𝑦) − (8𝑥 − 𝑦) = −4 − 17
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 8𝑥 + 𝑦 = −21
⇒ −7𝑥 = −21
⇒ 7𝑥 = 21
21
⇒𝑥=
7

⇒𝑥=3
Substituting the value of x in the first equation, we have

T IO S
3 − 𝑦 = −4

I
⇒𝑦 =3+4
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒𝑦=7

PY
3
DO U A
Hence, the fraction is .
7
T
ED PR

Page No 3.89:
C

Question 2: A fraction becomes 9/11 if 2 is added to both numerator and

©

the denominator. If 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator

it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction.
ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦

If 2 is added to both numerator and the denominator, the fraction

9
becomes . Thus, we have
11

𝑥+2 9
=
𝑦+2 11
⇒ 11(𝑥 + 2) = 9(𝑦 + 2)
⇒ 11𝑥 + 22 = 9𝑦 + 18
⇒ 11𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 18 − 22
⇒ 11𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 4 = 0
If 3 is added to both numerator and the denominator, the fraction
5
becomes . Thus, we have
6
𝑥+3 5

T IO S
=
𝑦+3 6

I
NO A D
⇒ 6(𝑥 + 3) = 5(𝑦 + 3)

CO N
A
⇒ 6𝑥 + 18 = 5𝑦 + 15

PY
⇒ 6𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 15 − 18
DO U A
T
⇒ 6𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 3 = 0
ED PR

So, we have two equations

C

11𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 4 = 0
©

6𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 3 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−9×3−(−5)×4 11×3−6×4 11×(−5)−6×(−9)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−27+20 33−24 −55+54
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−7 9 −1
𝑥 𝑦 1
⇒ = =
7 9 −1
⇒ 𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = 9
7
Hence, the fraction is .
9

Page No 3.89:
Question 3: A fraction becomes 1/3 if 1 is subtracted from both its
numerator and denominator. It 1 is added to both the numerator and
denominator, it becomes 1/2. Find the fraction.
ANSWER:

T IO S
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction

I
𝑥
NO A D
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is

CO N
𝑦
A
If 1 is subtracted from both numerator and the denominator, the fraction

PY
1
DO U A
becomes . Thus, we have
3
T
ED PR

𝑥−1 1
=
𝑦−1 3

⇒ 3(𝑥 − 1) = 𝑦 − 1
C
©

⇒ 3𝑥 − 3 = 𝑦 − 1
⇒ 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0
If 1 is added to both numerator and the denominator, the fraction
1
becomes . Thus, we have
2
𝑥+1 1
=
𝑦+1 2

⇒ 2(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑦 + 1
⇒ 2𝑥 + 2 = 𝑦 + 1
⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0
So, we have two equations
3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−1)×1−(−1)×(−2)
= =
3×1−2×(−2) 3×(−1)−2×(−1)

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−1−2 3+4 −3+2

I
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒
NO A D
= =

CO N
−3 7 −1
A
𝑥 𝑦 1
⇒ = =

PY
3 7 −1
DO U A

⇒ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 7
T
ED PR

3
Hence, the fraction is .
7
C
©

Page No 3.89:
Question 4: If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the
denominator, a fraction becomes 1. It also becomes 1/2 if we only add 1
to the denominator. What is the fraction?
ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦

If 1 is added to the numerator and 1 is subtracted from the denominator,

the fraction becomes . Thus, we have
𝑥+1
=1
𝑦−1
⇒𝑥+1=𝑦−1
⇒𝑥+1−𝑦+1=0
⇒𝑥−𝑦+2=0
1
If 1 is added to the denominator, the fraction becomes . Thus, we have
2
𝑥 1
=
𝑦+1 2

⇒ 2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 1

T IO S
⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0

I
NO A D
So, we have two equations

CO N
A
𝑥−𝑦+2=0

PY
DO U A
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0
T
ED PR

Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations

for x and y.
C

By using cross-multiplication, we have

©

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−1)×(−1)−(−1)×2
= =
1×(−1)−2×2 1×(−1)−2×(−1)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
1+2 −1−4 −1+2
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
3 −5 1
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = =1
3 5

⇒ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 5
3
Hence, the fraction is .
5

Page No 3.89:
Question 5: If the numerator of a fraction is multiplied by 2 and the
denominator is reduced by 5 the fraction becomes 6/5. And, if the
denominator is doubled and the numerator is increased by 8, the fraction
becomes 2/5. find the fraction.
ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦

T IO S
If the numerator is multiplied by 2 and the denominator is reduced by 5,
6

I
the fraction becomes . Thus, we have
NO A D 5

CO N
2𝑥 6
=
A
𝑦−5 5

PY
DO U A
⇒ 10𝑥 = 6(𝑦 − 5)
T
⇒ 10𝑥 = 6𝑦 − 30
ED PR

⇒ 10𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 30 = 0
C

⇒ 2(5𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 15) = 0
©

⇒ 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 15 = 0
If the denominator is doubled and the numerator is increased by 8, the
2
fraction becomes . Thus, we have
5
𝑥+8 2
=
2𝑦 5

⇒ 5(𝑥 + 8) = 4𝑦
⇒ 5𝑥 + 40 = 4𝑦
⇒ 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 40 = 0
So, we have two equations
5𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 15 = 0
5𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 40 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−3)×40−(−4)×15
= =
5×40−5×15 5×(−4)−5×(−3)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−120+60 200−75 −20+15

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =

I
−60 125 −5

⇒
𝑥
NO A D
=
𝑦
=
1

CO N
60 125 5
A
60 125
⇒𝑥= ,𝑦 =

PY
DO U A
5 5
T
⇒ 𝑥 = 12, 𝑦 = 25
ED PR

12
Hence, the fraction is .
25
C
©

Page No 3.89:
Question 6: When 3 is added to the denominator and 2 is subtracted from
the numerator a fraction becomes 1/4. And when 6 is added to numerator
and the denominator is multiplied by 3, it becomes 2/3. Find the fraction.
ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦

If 3 is added to the denominator and 2 is subtracted from the numerator,

1
the fraction becomes . Thus, we have
4
𝑥−2 1
=
𝑦+3 4

⇒ 4(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑦 + 3
⇒ 4𝑥 − 8 = 𝑦 + 3
⇒ 4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 11 = 0
If 6 is added to the numerator and the denominator is multiplied by 3,
2
the fraction becomes . Thus, we have
3

T IO S
𝑥+6 2
=

I
3𝑦 3

NO A D
⇒ 3(𝑥 + 6) = 6𝑦

CO N
A
⇒ 3𝑥 + 18 = 6𝑦

PY
DO U A
⇒ 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 18 = 0
T
ED PR

⇒ 3(𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0
C

So, we have two equations

©

4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 11 = 0
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−1)×6−(−2)×(−11)
= =
4×6−1×(−11) 4×(−2)−1×(−1)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−6−22 24+11 −8+1
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−28 35 −7
 𝑥 𝑦 1
⇒ = =
28 35 7
28 35
⇒𝑥= ,𝑦 =
7 7

⇒ 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 5
4
Hence, the fraction is .
5

Page No 3.89:
Question 7: The sum of a numerator and denominator of a fraction is 18.

T IO S
If the denominator is increased by 2, the fraction reduces to 1/3. Find the

I
NO A D
fraction.

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
DO U A
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
T
𝑦
ED PR

The sum of the numerator and the denominator of the fraction is 18.
Thus, we have
C
©

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 18
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 18 = 0
1
If the denominator is increased by 2, the fraction reduces to . Thus, we
3
have
𝑥 1
=
𝑦+2 3

⇒ 3𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2
⇒ 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 18 = 0
3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
1×(−2)−(−1)×(−18) 1×(−2)−3×(−18) 1×(−1)−3×1
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−2−18 −2+54 −1−3

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =

I
−20 52 −4

⇒
𝑥
NO A D
=
𝑦
=
1

CO N
20 52 4
A
20 52
⇒𝑥= ,𝑦 =

PY
DO U A
4 4
T
⇒ 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 13
ED PR

5
Hence, the fraction is .
13
C
©

Page No 3.89:
Question 8: If 2 is added to the numerator of a fraction, it reduces to 1/2
and if 1 is subtracted from the denominator, it reduces to 1/3. Find the
fraction.
ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦
1
If 2 is added to the numerator of the fraction, it reduces to . Thus, we
2
have
𝑥+2 1
=
𝑦 2
⇒ 2(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑦
⇒ 2𝑥 + 4 = 𝑦
⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4 = 0
1
If 1 is subtracted from the denominator, the fraction reduces to . Thus,
3
we have
𝑥 1
=
𝑦−1 3

T IO S
⇒ 3𝑥 = 𝑦 − 1

I
NO A D
⇒ 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0

CO N
A
So, we have two equations

PY
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4 = 0
DO U A
T
3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0
ED PR

Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations

for x and y.
C
©

By using cross-multiplication, we have

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−1)×1−(−1)×4
= =
2×1−3×4 2×(−1)−3×(−1)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−1+4 2−12 −2+3
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−20 52 −4
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
3 −10 1
𝑥 𝑦 1
⇒ = =
3 10 1

⇒ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 10
3
Hence, the fraction is .
10
 Page No 3.89:
Question 9: The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 4
more than twice the numerator. If the numerator and denominator are
increased by 3, they are in the ratio 2 : 3. Determine the fraction.
ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦

T IO S
The sum of the numerator and denominator of the fraction is 4 more than

I
twice the numerator. Thus, we have
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4
A
⇒ 2𝑥 + 4 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0

PY
DO U A

⇒𝑥−𝑦+4=0
T
ED PR

If the numerator and denominator are increased by 3, they are in the

ratio 2:3. Thus, we have
C

𝑥+3∶𝑦+3=2∶3
©

𝑥+3 2
⇒ =
𝑦+3 3

⇒ 3(𝑥 + 3) = 2(𝑦 + 3)
⇒ 3𝑥 + 9 = 2𝑦 + 6
⇒ 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥−𝑦+4=0
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−1)×3−(−2)×4
= =
1×3−3×4 1×(−2)−3×(−1)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−3+8 3−12 −2+3
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
5 −9 1
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = =1
5 9

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 9

I
5
NO A D
Hence, the fraction is .
9

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 3.89:
T
Question 10: The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is
ED PR

3 less than twice the denominator. If the numerator and denominator are
decreased by 1, the numerator becomes half the denominator. Determine
C

the fraction.
©

ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦

The sum of the numerator and denominator of the fraction is 3 less than
twice the denominator. Thus, we have
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2𝑦 − 3
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0
⇒𝑥−𝑦+3=0
If the numerator and denominator are decreased by 1, the numerator
becomes half the denominator. Thus, we have
 1
𝑥 − 1 = (𝑦 − 1)
2
𝑥−1 1
⇒ =
𝑦−1 2

⇒ 2(𝑥 − 1) = 𝑦 − 1
⇒ 2𝑥 − 2 = 𝑦 − 1
⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0
So, we have two equations

T IO S
𝑥−𝑦+3=0

I
NO A D
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 5 = 0

CO N
A
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations

PY
for x and y.
DO U A
T
By using cross-multiplication, we have
ED PR

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−1)×(−1)−(−1)×3
= =
1×(−1)−2×3 1×(−1)−2×(−1)
C

𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
©

1+3 −1−6 −1+2

𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
4 −7 1
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = =1
4 7

⇒ 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 7
4
Hence, the fraction is .
7

Page No 3.89:
Question 11: The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is
12. If the denominator is increased by 3, the fraction becomes 1/2. Find
the fraction.
ANSWER:
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction
𝑥
be x and y respectively. Then the fraction is
𝑦

The sum of the numerator and denominator of the fraction is 12. Thus,
we have
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 12 = 0

T IO S
1

I
If the denominator is increased by 3, the fraction becomes . Thus, we
2
have NO A D
CO N
A
𝑥 1
=

PY
𝑦+3 2
DO U A

⇒ 2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 3
T
ED PR

⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3 = 0
So, we have two equations
C
©

𝑥 + 𝑦 − 12 = 0
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
1×(−3)−(−1)×(−12) 1×(−3)−2×(−12) 1×(−1)−2×1
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−3−12 −3+24 −1−2
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−15 21 −3
𝑥 𝑦 1
⇒ = =
15 21 3
 15 21
⇒𝑥= ,𝑦 =
3 3

⇒ 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 7
5
Hence, the fraction is .
7

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 3.9
Page No 3.92:
Question 1: A father is three times as old as his son. After twelve years,
his age will be twice as that of his son then. Find their present ages.
ANSWER:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of son
be y years.

T IO S
Father is three times as old as his son. Thus, we have

I
NO A D
𝑥 = 3𝑦

CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0

PY
After 12 years, father’s age will be (𝑥 + 12) years and son’s age will be
DO U A

(𝑦 + 12) years. Thus using the given information, we have

T
ED PR

𝑥 + 12 = 2(𝑦 + 12)
⇒ 𝑥 + 12 = 2𝑦 + 24
C
©

⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 12 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 12 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−3)×(−12)−(−2)×0
= =
1×(−12)−1×0 1×(−2)−1×(−3)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
36−0 −12−0 −2+3
 𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
36 −12 1
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = =1
36 12

⇒ 𝑥 = 36, 𝑦 = 12
Hence, the present age of father is 36 years and the present age of son is
12 years.

T IO S
Page No 3.92:

I
Question 2: Ten years later, 𝐴 will be twice as old as B and five years
NO A D
CO N
ago, A was three times as old as B. What are the present ages of A and B?
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

Let the present age of A be x years and the present age of B be y years.
T
ED PR

After 10 years, A’s age will be (𝑥 + 10) years and B’s age will be
(𝑦 + 10) years. Thus using the given information, we have
C

𝑥 + 10 = 2(𝑦 + 10)
©

⇒ 𝑥 + 10 = 2𝑦 + 20
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 10 = 0
Before 5 years, the age of A was (𝑥 − 5) years and the age of B was
(𝑦 − 5) years. Thus using the given information, we have
𝑥 − 5 = 3(𝑦 − 5)
⇒ 𝑥 − 5 = 3𝑦 − 15
⇒ 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 10 = 0
𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−2)×10−(−3)×(−10)
= =
1×10 −1×(−10) 1×(−3)−1×(−2)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−20−30 10+10 −3+2

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =

I
−50 20 −1

⇒
𝑥
NO A D
=
𝑦
=1

CO N
50 20
A
⇒ 𝑥 = 50, 𝑦 = 20

PY
DO U A
Hence, the present age of A is 50 years and the present age of B is 20
T
ED PR

years.
C

Page No 3.92:
©

Question 3: Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years
later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
ANSWER:
Let the present age of Nuri be x years and the present age of Sonu
be y years.
After 10 years, Nuri’s age will be (𝑥 + 10) years and the age of Sonu
will be (𝑦 + 10) years. Thus using the given information, we have
𝑥 + 10 = 2(𝑦 + 10)
⇒ 𝑥 + 10 = 2𝑦 + 20
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 10 = 0
Before 5 years, the age of Nuri was (𝑥 – 5) years and the age of Sonu
was (𝑦 – 5) years. Thus using the given information, we have
𝑥 − 5 = 3(𝑦 − 5)
⇒ 𝑥 − 5 = 3𝑦 − 15
⇒ 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 10 = 0

T IO S
𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10 = 0

I
NO A D
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations

CO N
A
for x and y.

PY
DO U A
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥
T −𝑦 1
= =
ED PR

(−2)×10−(−3)×(−10) 1×10−1×(−10) 1×(−3)−1×(−2)

𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
C

−20−30 10+10 −3+2

©

𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−50 20 −1
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = =1
50 20

⇒ 𝑥 = 50, 𝑦 = 20
Hence, the present age of Nuri is 50 years and the present age of Sonu is
20 years.

Page No 3.92:
Question 4: Six years hence a man's age will be three times the age of his
son and three years ago he was nine times as old as his son. Find their
present ages.
ANSWER:
Let the present age of the man be x years and the present age of his son
be y years.
After 6 years, the man’s age will be (𝑥 + 6) years and son’s age will be
(𝑦 + 6) years. Thus using the given information, we have

T IO S
𝑥 + 6 = 3(𝑦 + 6)

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 + 6 = 3𝑦 + 18

CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 12 = 0

PY
DO U A
Before 3 years, the age of the man was (𝑥 − 3) years and the age of
T
son’s was (𝑦 − 3) years. Thus using the given information, we have
ED PR

𝑥 − 3 = 9(𝑦 − 3)
C

⇒ 𝑥 − 3 = 9𝑦 − 27
©

⇒ 𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 24 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 12 = 0
𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 24 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−3)×24−(−9)×(−12)
= =
1×24−1×(−12) 1×(−9)−1×(−3)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−72−108 24+12 −9+3
 𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−180 36 −6
𝑥 𝑦 1
⇒ = =
180 36 6
180 36
⇒𝑥= ,𝑦 =
6 6

⇒ 𝑥 = 30, 𝑦 = 6
Hence, the present age of the man is 30 years and the present age of son
is 6 years.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 3.92:

CO N
A
Question 5: Ten years ago, a father was twelve times as old as his son

PY
and ten years hence, he will be twice as old as his son will be then. Find
DO U A

their present ages.

T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of his son
C

be y years.
©

After 10 years, father’s age will be (𝑥 + 10) years and son’s age will be
(𝑦 + 10) years. Thus using the given information, we have
𝑥 + 10 = 2(𝑦 + 10)
⇒ 𝑥 + 10 = 2𝑦 + 20
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 10 = 0
Before 10 years, the age of father was (𝑥 − 10) years and the age of son
was (𝑦 − 10) years. Thus using the given information, we have
𝑥 − 10 = 12(𝑦 − 10)
⇒ 𝑥 − 10 = 12𝑦 − 120
⇒ 𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 110 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 10 = 0
𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 110 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =

T IO S
(−2)×110−(−12)×(−10) 1×110−1×(−10) 1×(−12)−1×(−2)

I
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
NO A D
−220−120 110+10 −12+2

CO N
A
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−340 120 −10

PY
DO U A
𝑥 𝑦 1
⇒ = =
340 120 10
T
ED PR

340 120
⇒𝑥= ,𝑦 =
10 10

⇒ 𝑥 = 34, 𝑦 = 12
C
©

Hence, the present age of father is 34 years and the present age of son is
12 years.

Page No 3.92:
Question 6: The present age of a father is three years more than three
times the age of the son. Three years hence father's age will be 10 years
more than twice the age of the son. Determine their present ages.
ANSWER:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of his son
be y years.
The present age of father is three years more than three times the age of
the son. Thus, we have
𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 3
⇒ 𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 3 = 0
After 3 years, father’s age will be (𝑥 + 3) years and son’s age will be
(𝑦 + 3) years.
Thus using the given information, we have

T IO S
𝑥 + 3 = 2(𝑦 + 3) + 10

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑦 + 6 + 10

CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 13 = 0

PY
DO U A
So, we have two equations
T
𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 3 = 0
ED PR

𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 13 = 0
C

Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations

©

for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−3)×(−13)−(−2)×(−3)
= =
1×(−13)−1×(−3) 1×(−2)−1×(−3)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
39−6 −13+3 −2+3
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
33 −10 1
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = =1
33 10

⇒ 𝑥 = 33, 𝑦 = 10
Hence, the present age of father is 33 years and the present age of son is
10 years.
 Page No 3.92:
Question 7: A father is three times as old as his son. In 12 years’ time,
he will be twice as old as his son. Find the present ages of father and the
son.
ANSWER:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of his son

T IO S
be y years.

I
The present age of father is three times the age of the son. Thus, we have
NO A D
CO N
𝑥 = 3𝑦
A
⇒ 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0

PY
DO U A

After 12 years, father’s age will be (𝑥 + 12) years and son’s age will be
T
ED PR

(𝑦 + 12) years. Thus using the given information, we have

𝑥 + 12 = 2(𝑦 + 12)
C

⇒ 𝑥 + 12 = 2𝑦 + 24
©

⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 12 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 12 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have

𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−3)×(−12)−(−2)×0
= =
1×(−12)−1×0 1×(−2)−1×(−3)
 𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
36−0 −12−0 −2+3
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
36 −12 1
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = =1
36 12

⇒ 𝑥 = 36, 𝑦 = 12
Hence, the present age of father is 36 years and the present age of son is
12 years.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 3.92:

CO N
A
Question 8: Father's age is three times the sum of age of his two

PY
children. After 5 years his age will be twice the sum of ages of two
DO U A

children. Find the age of father.

T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present ages of his two
C

children’s be y and z years.

©

The present age of father is three times the sum of the ages of the two
children’s. Thus, we have
𝑥 = 3(𝑦 + 𝑧)
𝑥
⇒𝑦+𝑧 =
3

After 5 years, father’s age will be (𝑥 + 5) years and the children’s age
will be (𝑦 + 5) and (𝑧 + 5) years. Thus using the given information, we
have

𝑥 + 5 = 2{(𝑦 + 5) + (𝑧 + 5)}
⇒ 𝑥 + 5 = 2(𝑦 + 5 + 𝑧 + 5)
⇒ 𝑥 = 2(𝑦 + 𝑧) + 20 − 5
⇒ 𝑥 = 2(𝑦 + 𝑧) + 15
So, we have two equations
𝑥
𝑦+𝑧 =
3

𝑥 = 2(𝑦 + 𝑧) + 15
Here x, y and z are unknowns. We have to find the value of x.

T IO S
Substituting the value of (𝑦 + 𝑧) from the first equation in the second

I
equation, we have
NO A D
CO N
By using cross-multiplication, we have
A
2𝑥
𝑥= +5

PY
DO U A
3
2𝑥
T
⇒𝑥− = 15
ED PR

3
2
⇒ 𝑥 (1 − ) = 15
3
C

𝑥
©

⇒ = 15
3

⇒ 𝑥 = 15 × 3
⇒ 𝑥 = 45
Hence, the present age of father is 45 years.

Page No 3.92:
Question 9: Two years ago, a father was five times as old as his son. Two
year later, his age will be 8 more than three times the age of the son. Find
the present ages of father and son.
ANSWER:
Let the present age of father be x years and the present age of his son
be y years.
After 2 years, father’s age will be (𝑥 + 2) years and the age of son will
be (𝑦 + 2) years. Thus using the given information, we have

T IO S
𝑥 + 2 = 3(𝑦 + 2) + 8

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 + 2 = 3𝑦 + 6 + 8

CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 12 = 0

PY
DO U A
Before 2 years, the age of father was (𝑥 − 2) years and the age of son
T
was (𝑦 − 2) years. Thus using the given information, we have
ED PR

𝑥 − 2 = 5(𝑦 − 2)
C

⇒ 𝑥 − 2 = 5𝑦 − 10
©

⇒ 𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 8 = 0
So, we have two equations
𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 12 = 0
𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 8 = 0
Here x and y are unknowns. We have to solve the above equations
for x and y.
By using cross-multiplication, we have
 𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−3)×8−(−5)×(−12)
= =
1×8−1×(−12) 1×(−5)−1×(−3)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−24−60 8+12 −5+3
𝑥 −𝑦 1
⇒ = =
−84 20 −2
𝑥 𝑦 1
⇒ = =
84 20 2
84 20
⇒𝑥= ,𝑦 =
2 2

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = 42, 𝑦 = 10

I
NO A D
Hence, the present age of father is 42 years and the present age of son is

CO N
A
10 years.

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 3.92:
ED PR

Question 10: A is elder to B by 2 years. A's father F is twice as old as A

and B is twice as old as his sister S. If the ages of the father and sister
C

differ by 40 years, find the age of A.

©

ANSWER:
Let the present ages of A, B, F and S be x, y, z and t years respectively.
A is elder to B by 2 years. Thus, we have 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2
F is twice as old as A. Thus, we have 𝑧 = 2𝑥
B is twice as old as S. Thus, we have 𝑦 = 2𝑡
The ages of F and S is differing by 40 years. Thus, we have 𝑧 − 𝑡 = 40
So, we have four equations
𝑥 =𝑦+2 …… (1)
𝑧 = 2𝑥 …… (2)
𝑦 = 2𝑡 …… (3)
𝑧 − 𝑡 = 40 …… (4)
Here x, y, z and t are unknowns. We have to find the value of x.
By using the third equation, the first equation becomes 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 2
From the fourth equation, we have 𝑡 = 𝑧 − 4
Hence, we have
𝑥 = 2(𝑧 − 40) + 2

T IO S I
= 2𝑧 − 80 + 2
NO A D
CO N
= 2𝑧 − 78
A
Using the second equation, we have

PY
DO U A

𝑥 = 2 × 2𝑥 − 78
T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 78
⇒ 4𝑥 − 𝑥 = 78
C
©

⇒ 3𝑥 = 78
78
⇒𝑥=
3

⇒ 𝑥 = 26
Hence, the age of A is 26 years.

Page No 3.92:
Question 11: The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years.
Ani's father Dharma is twice as old as Ani and Biju as twice as old as his
sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30 years. Find the
ages of Ani and Biju.
ANSWER:
Let the present ages of Ani, Biju, Dharam and Cathy be x, y,
z and t years respectively.
The ages of Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Thus, we have
𝑥−𝑦 =±3
⇒𝑥 =𝑦±3
Dharam is twice as old as Ani. Thus, we have 𝑧 = 2𝑥

T IO S
Biju is twice as old as Cathy. Thus, we have 𝑦 = 2𝑡

I
NO A D
The ages of Cathy and Dharam differ by 30 years. Clearly, Dharam is

CO N
A
older than Cathy. Thus, we have 𝑧 − 𝑡 = 30

PY
So, we have two systems of simultaneous equations
DO U A
T
(i) 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 3,
ED PR

𝑧 = 2𝑥,
C

𝑦 = 2𝑡,
©

𝑧 − 𝑡 = 30
(ii) 𝑥 = 𝑦 − 3,
𝑧 = 2𝑥,
𝑦 = 2𝑡,
𝑧 − 𝑦 = 30
Here x, y, z and t are unknowns. We have to find the value of x and y.
(i) By using the third equation, the first equation becomes 𝑥 = 2𝑡 + 3
From the fourth equation, we have
𝑡 = 𝑧 − 30
Hence, we have
𝑥 = 2(𝑧 − 30) + 3
= 2𝑧 − 60 + 3
= 2𝑧 − 57
Using the second equation, we have
𝑥 = 2 × 2𝑥 − 57

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 57

I
⇒ 4𝑥 − 𝑥 = 57
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 3𝑥 = 57
A
57
⇒𝑥=

PY
DO U A
3
T
⇒ 𝑥 = 19
ED PR

From the first equation, we have

C

𝑥 =𝑦+3
©

⇒𝑦 =𝑥−3
⇒ 𝑦 = 19 − 3
⇒ 𝑦 = 16
Hence, the age of Ani is 19 years and the age of Biju is 16 years.
(ii) By using the third equation, the first equation becomes 𝑥 = 2𝑡 − 3
From the fourth equation, we have
𝑡 = 𝑧 − 30
Hence, we have
𝑥 = 2(𝑧 − 30) − 3
= 2𝑧 − 60 − 3
= 2𝑧 − 63
Using the second equation, we have
𝑥 = 2 × 2𝑥 − 63
⇒ 𝑥 = 4𝑥 − 63
⇒ 4𝑥 − 𝑥 = 63
⇒ 3𝑥 = 63
63

T IO S
⇒𝑥=
3

I
⇒ 𝑥 = 21
NO A D
CO N
A
From the first equation, we have

PY
𝑥 =𝑦−3
DO U A
T
⇒𝑦 =𝑥+3
ED PR

⇒ 𝑦 = 21 + 3
C

⇒ 𝑦 = 24
©

Hence, the age of Ani is 21 years and the age of Biju is 24 years.
Note that there are two possibilities.

Page No 3.92:
Question 12: Two years ago, Salim was thrice as old as his daughter
and six years later, he will be four years older than twice her age. How
old are they now?
ANSWER:
Let the present ages of Salim be x years and that of her daughter
be y years.
Two years ago, the age of Salim was (x − 2) years and that of her
daughter was (y − 2).
It is given that Salim was thrice as old as her daughter two years ago. So,
x − 2 = 3(y − 2)
⇒ x − 2 = 3y − 6
⇒ x − 3y = −4 .....(i)
Six years later, the age of Salim will be (x + 6) and that of her daughter
will be (y + 6).
∴ x + 6 = 2(y + 6) + 4
⇒ x − 2y = 10 .....(ii)

T IO S
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get

I
−y = −14
NO A D
⇒ y = 14

CO N
A
Putting y = 14 in (ii), we get

PY
x − 28 = 10
DO U A

⇒ x = 38
T
ED PR

Hence, the present age of Salim is 38 years and that of her daughter is 14
years.
C
©

Page No 3.92:
Question 13: The age of the father is twice the sum of the ages of his
two children. After 20 years, his age will be equal to the sum of the ages
of his children. Find the age of the father.
ANSWER:
Let the present age of the father be x years and the sum of the present
ages of his two children be y years.
Now according to the given conditions,
Case I: x = 2y
⇒ x − 2y = 0 .....(i)
Case II: After 20 years, the age of the father will be (x + 20) years and
the sum of the ages of the two children will be y + 20 + 20 = (y + 40)
years.
So, x + 20 = y + 40
⇒ x − y = 20 .....(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
− y = −20
⇒ y = 20
Putting y = 20 in (i), we get
x − 40 = 0
⇒ x = 40

T IO S
Hence, the present age of the father is 40 years.

I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 3.10
Page No 3.101:
Question 1: Point A and B are 70 km. a part on a highway. A car starts
from A and another car starts from B simultaneously. If they travel in the
same direction, they meet in 7 hours, but if the travel towards each other,
the meet in one hour. Find the speed of the two cars.
ANSWER:

T IO S
We have to find the speed of car

I
Let𝑋 and 𝑌 be two cars starting from points 𝐴 and 𝐵 respectively. Let the
NO A D
speed of car 𝑋 be x km/hr and that of car 𝑌 be y km/hr.

CO N
A
Case I: When two cars move in the same directions:

PY
DO U A
Suppose two cars meet at point 𝑄, Then,
T
ED PR

Distance travelled by car 𝑋 = 𝐴𝑄

Distance travelled by car 𝑌 = 𝐵𝑄
C

It is given that two cars meet in 7 hours.

©

Therefore, Distance travelled by car X in7 hours = 7𝑥 km

𝐴𝑄 = 7𝑥
Distance traveled by car y in 7 hours = 7𝑦 km
𝐵𝑄 = 7
Clearly 𝐴𝑄 − 𝐵𝑄 = 𝐴
7𝑥 − 7𝑦 = 70
Dividing both sides by common factor 7 we get,
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10 … (i)
Case II: When two cars move in opposite direction
Suppose two cars meet at point. Then,
Distance travelled by car 𝑋 = 𝐴𝑃,
Distance travelled by car 𝑌 = 𝐵𝑃.
In this case, two cars meet in 1 hour
Therefore Distance travelled by car X in1 hour = 1𝑥 km
𝐴𝑃 = 1𝑥
Distance travelled by car Y in 1 hour = 1𝑦 km

T IO S I
𝐵𝑃 = 1𝑦
NO A D
CO N
From the above clearly,
A
𝐴𝑃 + 𝐵𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵

PY
DO U A

𝐴𝑃 + 𝐵𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵
T
ED PR

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 70 ...(ii)
By solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
C
©

𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 70
2𝑥 = 80
80
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 40
Substituting 𝑥 = 40 in equation (ii) we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 70
40 + 𝑦 = 70
𝑦 = 70 − 40
𝑦 = 30
Hence, the speed of car starting from point A is 40 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
The speed of car starting from point B is 30 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

Page No 3.101:
Question 2: A sailor goes 8 km downstream in 40 minutes and returns in
1 hours. Determine the speed of the sailor in still water and the speed of
the current.

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
Let the speed of the sailor in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the

CO N
current be y km/hr
A
Speed upstream = (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

PY
DO U A

Speed downstream = (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

T
ED PR

8
Now, Time taken to cover 8km downstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥+𝑦
C

8
Time taken to cover 8km upstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
©

𝑥−𝑦
40
But, time taken to cover 8 km downstream in 40 minutes or ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 that
60
2
is ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
3
8 2
=
𝑥+𝑦 3

8 × 3 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
24 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦
Dividing both sides by common factor 2 we get
12 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 …(i)
Time taken to cover 8km upstream in 1 hour
 8
=1
𝑥−𝑦

8 = 1(𝑥 − 𝑦)
8=𝑥−𝑦 ...(ii)
By solving these equation (𝑖)and (𝑖𝑖) we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12
𝑥−𝑦 =8

T IO S
2𝑥 = 20

I
𝑥=NO A D
20

CO N
2
A
𝑥 = 10

PY
DO U A
Substitute 𝑥 = 10 in equation (𝑖) we get
T
ED PR

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12
10 + 𝑦 = 12
C

𝑦 = 12 − 10
©

𝑦=2
Hence, the speed of sailor is 10 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
The speed of current is 2 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

Page No 3.101:
Question 3: The boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km downstream in 10
hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40 km upstream and 55 km downstream.
Determine the speed of stream and that of the boat in still water.
ANSWER:
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the
stream be y km/hr
Speed upstream = (𝑥 − 𝑦) km/hr
Speed downstream = (𝑥 + 𝑦) km/hr
Now,
30
Time taken to cover 30 km upstream = hrs.
𝑥−𝑦
44

T IO S
Time taken to cover 44 km downstream = hrs.
𝑥+𝑦

I
NO A D
But total time of journey is 10 hours

CO N
A
30 44
+ = 10 …(i)
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

PY
DO U A
40
Time taken to cover 40 km upstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
T
𝑥−𝑦
ED PR

55
Time taken to cover 55 km downstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥+𝑦
C

In this case total time of journey is given to be 13 hours

©

40 55
Therefore, + = 13 ...(ii)
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 in equation (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) we get
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

30𝑢 + 44𝑣 = 10
40𝑢 + 55𝑣 = 10
30𝑢 + 44𝑣 − 10 = 0 …(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
40𝑢 + 55𝑣 − 13 = 0 …(𝑖𝑣)
Solving these equations by cross multiplication we get
 𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
44×−13−55×−10 30×−13−40×−10 30×55−40×44
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−572+550 −390+400 1650−1760
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−22 10 −110
−22
𝑢=
−110
−10
𝑣=
−110

T IO S
2 1
𝑢= and 𝑣 =

I
10 11

NO A D
CO N
Now,
A
2
𝑢=

PY
10
DO U A
1 2
T
=
ED PR

𝑥−𝑦 10

1 × 10 = 2(𝑥 − 𝑦)
C

10 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 ÷ 2
©

5=𝑥−𝑦 …(𝑣)
1
𝑣=
11
1 1
=
𝑥+𝑦 11

1 × 11 = 1(𝑥 + 𝑦)
11 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 ….(𝑣𝑖)
By solving equation (𝑣) and (𝑣𝑖) we get ,
𝑥−𝑦 =5
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11
 2𝑥 = 16
16
𝑥=
2

𝑥=8
Substituting 𝑥 = 8 in equation (𝑣𝑖) we get,
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11
8 + 𝑦 = 11

T IO S
𝑦 = 11 − 8

I
𝑦=3
NO A D
CO N
A
Hence, speed of the boat in still water is 8 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

PY
Speed of the stream is 3 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.102:
C

Question 4: A boat goes 24 km upstream and 28 km downstream in 6 hrs.

©

It goes 30 km upstream and 21 km downstream in 612 hrs612 hrs. Find

the speed of the boat in still water and also speed of the stream.
ANSWER:
We have to find the speed of the boat in still water and speed of the stream
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the
stream be y km/hr then
Speed upstream = (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
Sped down stream = (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
28
Now, Time taken to cover 28 km downstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥+𝑦
24
Time taken to cover 24 km upstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥−𝑦
But, total time of journey is 6 hours
24 28
+ =6 …(𝑖)
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
30
Time taken to cover 30 km upstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥−𝑦
21
Time taken to cover 21 km downstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥+𝑦
1 13
In this case total time of journey is given to 6 ℎ𝑟𝑠 or ℎ𝑟𝑠
2 2

T IO S
30 21 13
+ (𝑥+𝑦) = …(𝑖𝑖)

I
(𝑥−𝑦) 2

NO A D
1 1

CO N
By = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 in equation (i) and (ii) we get
A
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

PY
24𝑢 + 28𝑣 = 6
DO U A

13
T
30𝑢 + 21𝑣 =
ED PR

24𝑢 + 28𝑣 − 6 = 0 …(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

C

13
30𝑢 + 21𝑣 − = 0 …(𝑖𝑣)
©

Solving these equations by cross multiplication we get

𝑢 −𝑣 1
−13 = −13 =
28× 2 −21×−6 24× 2 −30×−6 24×21−30×28

𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−182+126 −156+180 504−840
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−56 24 −336
−56 −24
𝑢= and 𝑣 =
−336 −336
1 1
𝑢 = and𝑣 =
6 4

Now,
 1 1
𝑢= =
𝑥−𝑦 6

6=𝑥−𝑦 …(𝑣) and

1 1
𝑣= =
14 𝑥+𝑦

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14 …(𝑣𝑖 )
By solving equation (𝑣) and (𝑣𝑖) we get ,
𝑥−𝑦 =6

T IO S
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14

I
NO A D
2𝑥 = 20

CO N
A
20
𝑥=

PY
2
DO U A

𝑥 = 10
T
ED PR

By substituting 𝑥 = 10 in equation (𝑣𝑖 ) we get

Hence, the speed of the stream is 4 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
C
©

The speed of boat is 10 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

Page No 3.102:
Question 5: A man walks a certain distance with certain speed. If he
walks 1/2 km an hour faster, he takes 1 hour less. But, if he walks 1 km
an hour slower, he takes 3 more hours. Find the distance covered by the
man and his original rate of walking.
ANSWER:
Let the actual speed of the train be x Km/hr and the actual time taken by
y hours. Then,
Distance covered = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
=𝑥×𝑦
= 𝑥𝑦 …(i)
1
If the speed is increased by 𝐾𝑚/ℎ𝑟, then time of journey is reduced by
2
1
1 hour i.e., when speed is (𝑥 + ) 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, time of journey is
2

∴ Distance covered = 𝑥𝑦 km
−2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 0 ...(ii)

T IO S
When the speed is reduced by 1 𝐾𝑚/ℎ𝑟, then the time of journey is

I
increased by 3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 i.e., when speed is (𝑥 − 1)𝐾𝑚/ℎ𝑟, time of journey
NO A D
CO N
is (𝑦 + 3)ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
A
∴ Distance covered = 𝑥𝑦

PY
DO U A
𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 + 3)
T
ED PR

𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 + 3)
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 − 1𝑦 + 3𝑥 − 3
C

𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑥 − 1𝑦 − 3
©

3𝑥 − 1𝑦 − 3 = 0 …(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
Thus we obtain the following equations
−2𝑥 + 1𝑦 − 1 = 0
3𝑥 − 1𝑦 − 3 = 0
By using elimination method, we have
−2𝑥 + 1𝑦 − 1 = 0
3𝑥 − 1𝑦 − 3 = 0
1𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑥=4
Putting the value 𝑥 = 4 in equation (iii) we get
3𝑥 − 1𝑦 − 3 = 0
3 × 4 − 1𝑦 − 3 = 0
12 − 1𝑦 − 3 = 0
12 − 3 − 1𝑦 = 0
9 − 1𝑦 = 0

T IO S
−1𝑦 = −9

I
−1𝑦 = −9
NO A D
CO N
𝑦=9
A
Putting the value of x and y in equations (i) we get

PY
DO U A

Distance covered = 𝑥𝑦
T
ED PR

=4×9
= 36 𝑘𝑚
C
©

Hence, the distance is 36 𝑘𝑚,

The speed of walking is 4 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

Page No 3.102:
Question 6: A person rowing at the rate of 5 km/h in still water, takes
thrice as much time in going 40 km upstream as in going 40 km
downstream. Find the speed of the stream.
ANSWER:
Speed of the boat in still water = 5 km/h
Let the speed of stream = x km/h
∴ Speed of boat upstream = (5 − x) km/h
Speed of boat downstream = (5 + x) km/h
40
Time taken to row 40 km upstream =
5−𝑥
40
Time taken to row 40 km downstream =
5−𝑥

According to the given condition,

40 40
= 3( )
5−𝑥 5+𝑥
1 3
⇒ =
5−𝑥 5+𝑥

T IO S
⇒ 5 + 𝑥 = 15 − 3𝑥

I
NO A D
⇒ 4𝑥 = 10

CO N
A
10
⇒𝑥= = 2.5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ

PY
4
DO U A
Therefore, the speed of the stream is 2.5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ.
T
ED PR

Page No 3.102:
C

Question 7: Ramesh travels 760 km to his home partly by train and partly
©

by car. He takes 8 hours if he travels 160 km. by train and the rest by car.
He takes 12 minutes more if the travels 240 km by train and the rest by
car. Find the speed of the train and car respectively.
ANSWER:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hour that of the car be y km/hr, we have
the following cases
Case I: When Ramesh travels 760 Km by train and the rest by car
160
Time taken by Ramesh to travel 160 Km by train = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥
600
Time taken by Ramesh to travel (760-160) =600 Km by car = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑦
 160 600
Total time taken by Ramesh to cover 760Km = +
𝑥 𝑦

It is given that total time taken in 8 hours

160 600
+ =8
𝑥 𝑦
20 75
8( + )=8
𝑥 𝑦
20 75 8
( + )=
𝑥 𝑦 8

T IO S
20 75
+ =1 …(𝑖)

I
𝑥 𝑦
NO A D
CO N
Case II: When Ramesh travels 240Km by train and the rest by car
A
240
Time taken by Ramesh to travel 240 Km by train = ℎ𝑟𝑠

PY
DO U A
𝑥
520
T
Time taken by Ramesh to travel (760-240) =520Km by car = ℎ𝑟𝑠
ED PR

In this case total time of the journey is 8 hours 12 minutes

C

240 520
+ = 8 ℎ𝑟𝑠 12 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
©

𝑥 𝑦
240 520 12
+ =8
𝑥 𝑦 60
240 520 41
+ =
𝑥 𝑦 5
6 13 41
40 ( + )=
𝑥 𝑦 5
6 13 41 1
+ = ×
𝑥 𝑦 5 40
6 13 41
+ = ...(ii)
𝑥 𝑦 200
1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and, = 𝑢 , the equations (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) reduces to
𝑥 𝑦

20𝑢 + 75𝑣 = 1 …(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

 41
6𝑢 + 13𝑣 = …(𝑖𝑣)
200

Multiplying equation (iii) by 6 and (iv) by 20 the above system of

equation becomes
120𝑢 + 450𝑣 = 6 …(𝑣)
41
120𝑢 + 260𝑣 = …(𝑣𝑖 )
10

Subtracting equation (𝑣𝑖 ) from (𝑣) we get

T IO S
120𝑢 + 450𝑣 = 6

I
41
NO A D
−120𝑢 − 260𝑣 = −

CO N
10
A
41
190𝑣 = 6 −

PY
10
DO U A
T
ED PR

60−41
190𝑣 =
10
19
C

190𝑣 =
10
©

19 1
𝑣= ×
10 190
1
𝑣=
100
1
Putting 𝑣 = in equation (𝑣), we get
100
1
120𝑢 + 450 × =6
100
45
120𝑢 + =6
10
45
120𝑢 = 6 −
10
60−45
120𝑢 =
10
 15
120𝑢 =
10
15 1
𝑢= ×
10 120
1
𝑢=
80

Now
1
𝑢=
80

T IO S
1 1
=
𝑥 80

I
𝑥 = 80
NO A D
CO N
A
And

PY
1
DO U A
𝑣=
100
T
ED PR

1 1
=
𝑦 100

𝑦 = 100
C
©

Hence, the speed of the train is 80 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟,

The speed of the car is 100 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

Page No 3.102:
Question 8: A man travels 600 km partly by train and partly by car. If the
covers 400 km by train and the rest by car, it takes him 6 hours 30 minutes.
But, if the travels 200 km by train and the rest by car, he takes half an hour
longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the car.
ANSWER:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hr that of the car be y km/hr, we have
the following cases:
Case I: When a man travels 600 Km by train and the rest by car
400
Time taken by a man to travel 400 Km by train = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥
200
Time taken by a man to travel (600-400) = 200Km by car = hrs.
𝑦
400 200
Total time taken by a man to cover 600Km = +
𝑥 𝑦

It is given that total time taken in 8 hours

400 200

T IO S
+ = 6 ℎ𝑟𝑠 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑥 𝑦

I
400
+ NO A D
200
=6×
30

CO N
𝑥 𝑦 60
A
400 200 1
+ =6×

PY
𝑥 𝑦 2
DO U A

400 200 13
T
+ =
ED PR

𝑥 𝑦 2
2 1 13
200 ( + ) =
𝑥 𝑦 2
C

2 1 13 1
©

( + )= ×
𝑥 𝑦 2 200
2 1 13
+ = …(𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦 400

Case II: When a man travels 200Km by train and the rest by car
200
Time taken by a man to travel 200 Km by train = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥
400
Time taken by a man to travel (600-200) = 400 Km by car = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑦

In this case, total time of the journey in 6 hours 30 minutes + 30 minutes

that is 7 hours,
200 400
+ =7
𝑥 𝑦
1 2
200 ( + ) = 7
𝑥 𝑦
1 2 7
+ = ...(𝑖𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦 200
1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and, = 𝑢, the equations (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) reduces to
𝑥 𝑦
13
2𝑢 + 1𝑣 = …(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

T IO S
400
7

I
1𝑢 + 2𝑣 = …(𝑣𝑖 )
NO A D 200

CO N
Multiplying equation (iii) by 6 the above system of equation becomes
A
13

PY
4𝑢 + 2𝑣 = …(𝑣)
DO U A
200
T
7
1𝑢 + 2𝑣 = …(𝑣𝑖 )
ED PR

200

Substituting equation (𝑣𝑖) and (𝑣), we get

C

13
4𝑢 + 2𝑣 =
©

200
7
1𝑢 + 2𝑣 =
200
6
3𝑢 =
200
6 1
𝑢= ×
200 3
2
𝑢=
200
1
𝑢=
100
1
Putting 𝑢 = in equation(𝑣𝑖 ), we get
100
7
1𝑢 + 2𝑣 =
200
 1 7
+ 2𝑣 =
100 200
7 1
2𝑣 = −
200 100
7 2
2𝑣 = −
200 200
7−2
2𝑣 =
200
5
2𝑣 =
200

T IO S
5 1
𝑦= ×

I
200 2
1NO A D
CO N
𝑣=
A
80

PY
Now
DO U A
1
T
𝑢=
ED PR

100
1 1
=
𝑥 100
C

𝑥 = 100
©

And
1
𝑣=
80
1 1
=
𝑦 80

𝑦 = 80
Hence, the speed of the train is 100 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟,
The speed of the car is 80 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

Page No 3.102:
Question 9: Places A and B are 80 km apart from each other on a
highway. A car starts from A and other from B at the same time. If they
move in the same direction, they meet in 8 hours and if they move in
opposite directions, they meet in 1 hour and 20 minutes. Find the speeds
of the cars.
ANSWER:
Let x and y be two cars starting from points A and B respectively.
Let the speed of the car X be x km/hr and that of the car Y be y km/hr.

T IO S
Case I: When two cars move in the same directions:

I
NO A D
Suppose two cars meet at point Q, then,

CO N
A
Distance travelled by car X = AQ

PY
DO U A
Distance travelled by car Y = BQ
T
ED PR

It is given that two cars meet in 8 hours.

Distance travelled by car X in 8 hours = 8𝑥 km
C

AQ = 8𝑥
©

Distance travelled by car Y in 8 hours = 8𝑦 km

BQ = 8𝑦
Clearly AQ – BQ = AB
8𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 80
Both sides divided by 8, we get
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10 …(𝑖)
Case II: When two cars move in opposite direction
Suppose two cars meet at point P, then,
Distance travelled by 𝑋 car 𝑋 = 𝐴𝑃
Distance travelled by 𝑌 car 𝑌 = 𝐵𝑃
In this case, two cars meet in 1 hour 20 minutes, we can write it as 1
20
hour or
60
1 4
1 hours that is hours.
3 3

Therefore,
4 4
Distance travelled by car y in hours = 𝑥 km
3 3

T IO S
4 4
Distance travelled by car y in hours = 𝑦 km

I
3 3
NO A D
CO N
𝐴𝑃 + 𝐵𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵
A
4 4
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 80

PY
3 3
DO U A

4
T
(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 80
ED PR

3
3
(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 80 ×
4
C

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60 ...(ii)
©

By solving (i) and (ii) we get,

𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60
2𝑥 = 70
70
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 35
By substituting 𝑥 = 35 in equation (ii), we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60
35 + 𝑦 = 60
 𝑦 = 60 − 35
𝑦 = 25
Hence, speed of car X is 35 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟 , speed of car Y is 25 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

T IO S
Page No 3.102:

I
Question 10: A boat goes 12 km upstream and 40 km downstream in 8
NO A D
hours. I can go 16 km upstream and 32 km downstream in the same time.

CO N
A
Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream.

PY
ANSWER:
DO U A
T
We have to find the speed of the boat in still water and speed of the stream
ED PR

Let the speed of the boat in still water be 12 km/hr and the speed of the
stream be 40 km/hr then
C
©

Speed upstream = (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

Sped down stream = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
12
Now, Time taken to cover 12 km upstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥−𝑦
40
Time taken to cover 40 km downstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥+𝑦

But, total time of journey is 8 hours

12 40
+ =8 …(𝑖)
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
16
Time taken to cover 16 km upstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥−𝑦
32
Time taken to cover 32 km downstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥+𝑦
In this case total time of journey is given to 8 ℎ𝑟𝑠
16 32
(𝑥−𝑦)
+ (𝑥+𝑦) = 8 ...(ii)
1 1
By = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 in equation (i) and (ii) we get
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦

12𝑢 + 40𝑣 = 8
16 + 32𝑣 = 8
12𝑢 + 40𝑣 − 8 = 0 …(iii)

T IO S
16𝑢 + 32𝑣 − 8 = 0 …(𝑖𝑣)

I
NO A D
Solving these equations by cross multiplication we get

CO N
A
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =

PY
40×−8−32×−8 12×−8−16×−8 12×32−16×40
DO U A
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
T
−320+256 −96+128 384−640
ED PR

𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−64 32 −256
C

−64 −32
𝑢= and 𝑣 =
©

−226 −256
1 1
𝑢 = and𝑣 =
4 8

Now,
1
𝑢=
𝑥−𝑦
1 1
=
𝑥−𝑦 4

4=𝑥−𝑦 …(𝑣)
And
1
𝑣=
𝑥+𝑦
 1 1
=
𝑥+𝑦 8

𝑥+𝑦 =8 …(𝑣𝑖 )
By solving equation (𝑣) and (𝑣𝑖) we get ,
𝑥−𝑦 =4
𝑥+𝑦 =8
2𝑥 = 12

T IO S I
𝑥=
12
NO A D
CO N
2
A
𝑥=6

PY
DO U A
By substituting 𝑥 = 6 in equation (𝑣𝑖) we get
T
ED PR

𝑥+𝑦 =8
6+𝑦 =8
C

𝑦 =8−6
©

𝑦=2
Hence, the speed of boat in still water is 6 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟,
The speed of the stream is 2 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

Page No 3.102:
Question 11: Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly
by bus. She takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and the remaining
by bus. If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she takes
10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.
ANSWER:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hour that of the bus be y km/hr, we have
the following cases
Case I: When Roohi travels 300 Km by train and the rest by bus
60
Time taken by Roohi to travel 60 Km by train = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥
240
Time taken by Roohi to travel (300-60) = 240 Km by bus = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑦
60 240
Total time taken by Roohi to cover 300Km = +
𝑥 𝑦

T IO S
It is given that total time taken in 4 hours

I
60
NO A D
240

CO N
+ =4
A
𝑥 𝑦
1 4

PY
60 ( + ) = 4
DO U A
𝑥 𝑦
T
1 4 4
ED PR

( + )=
𝑥 𝑦 60
1 4 1
+ = …(𝑖)
C

𝑥 𝑦 15
©

Case II: When Roohi travels 100 km by train and the rest by bus
100
Time taken by Roohi to travel 100 Km by train = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥
200
Time taken by Roohi to travel (300-100) =200Km by bus = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑦

In this case total time of the journey is 4 hours 10 minutes

100 200
+ = 4 ℎ𝑟𝑠 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑥 𝑦
100 200 10
+ =4
𝑥 𝑦 60
100 200 10
+ =4
𝑥 𝑦 60
100 200 25
+ =
𝑥 𝑦 6
1 2 25
100 ( + ) =
𝑥 𝑦 6
1 2 25 1
+ = ×
𝑥 𝑦 6 100
1 2 1
+ = ...(i)
𝑥 𝑦 24
1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and, = 𝑢, the equations (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) reduces to

T IO S
𝑥 𝑦

I
1
1𝑢 + 4𝑣 = …(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
NO A D 15

CO N
1
A
1𝑢 + 2𝑣 =
24

PY
DO U A
Subtracting equation (iv) from (iii)we get
T
1
ED PR

1𝑢 + 4𝑣 =
15
1
−1𝑢 − 2𝑣 = −
C

24
©

1 1
2𝑣 = −
15 24
24−15
2𝑣 =
360
9
2𝑣 =
360
1 1
𝑣= ×
40 2
1
𝑣=
80
1
Putting 𝑣 = in equation (iii), we get
80
1
1𝑢 + 4𝑣 =
15
 1 1
1𝑢 + 4 × =
80 15
4 1
1𝑢 + =
80 15
1 4
1𝑢 = −
15 80
1 1
1𝑢 = −
15 20
20−15
1𝑢 =
300

T IO S
5
1𝑢 =

I
300
1 NO A D
CO N
𝑢=
A
60

PY
Now
DO U A
1
T
𝑢=
ED PR

60
1 1
=
𝑥 60
C

𝑥 = 60
©

and
1
𝑣=
80
1 1
=
𝑦 80

𝑦 = 80
Hence, the speed of the train is 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟,
The speed of the bus is 80 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

Page No 3.102:
Question 12: Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream
4 km in 2 hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of
the current.
ANSWER:
Let the speed of rowing in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the
current be y km/hr
Speed upstream = (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

T IO S
Speed downstream = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

I
Now,
NO A D
CO N
20
Time taken to cover 20 km downstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
A
𝑥+𝑦

PY
4
DO U A
Time taken to cover 4 km upstream = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥−𝑦
T
ED PR

But, time taken to cover 20 km downstream in 2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

20
=2
C

𝑥+𝑦
©

20 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
20 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 …(𝑖)
Time taken to cover 4 km upstream in 2 hours
4
=2
𝑥−𝑦

4 = 2(𝑥 − 𝑦)
4 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 …(𝑖)
By solving these equation (i) and (ii) we get
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 20
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4
 4𝑥 = 24
24
𝑥=
4

𝑥=6
Substitute 𝑥 = 6 in equation (i)we get
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 20
12 + 2𝑦 = 20

T IO S
2𝑦 = 20 − 12

I
NO A D
2𝑦 = 8

CO N
8
A
𝑦=
2

PY
DO U A
𝑦=4
T
ED PR

Hence, the speed of rowing in still water is 6 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟,

The speed of current is 4 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.4 km/ hr
C
©

Page No 3.102:
Question 13: A motor boat can travel 30 km upstream and 28 km
downstream in 7 hours. It can travel 21 km upstream and return in 5 hours.
Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the upstream.
ANSWER:
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/h and the speed of the
stream be y km/h.
Speed of boat upstream = x − y
Speed of boat downstream = x + y
It is given that, the boat travels 30 km upstream and 28 km downstream
in 7 hours.
 30 28
∴ + =7
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
Also, the boat travels 21 km upstream and return in 5 hours.
21 21
∴ + =5
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
1 1
Let = 𝑢 and = 𝑣.
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
So, the equation becomes
30𝑢 + 28𝑣 = 7 . . . . . (i)
21𝑢 + 21𝑣 = 5 . . . . . (ii)

T IO S
Multiplying (i) by 21 and (ii) by 30, we get

I
NO A D
630𝑢 + 588𝑣 = 147 . . . (iii)

CO N
A
630𝑢 + 630𝑣 = 150 . . . (iv)

PY
Solving (iii) and (iv), we get
DO U A
1 1
T
𝑣= and 𝑢 =
ED PR

14 6
1 1
But, = 𝑢 and =𝑣
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
C

So,
©

1 1 1 1
= and =
𝑥−𝑦 6 𝑥+𝑦 14

⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 14
Solving these two equations, we get
x = 10 and y = 4
So, the speed of boat in still water = 10 km/h and speed of stream = 4
km/h.

Page No 3.102:
Question 14: Abdul travelled 300 km by train and 200 km by taxi, it took
him 5 hours 30 minutes. But if he travels 260 km by train and 240 km by
taxi he takes 6 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the
taxi.
ANSWER:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hour that of the taxi be y km/hr, we have
the following cases
Case I: When Abdul travels 300 Km by train and the 200 Km by taxi
300
Time taken by Abdul to travel 300 Km by train = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥

T IO S
200
ℎ𝑟𝑠

I
Time taken by Abdul to travel 200 Km by taxi =
𝑦
NO A D
CO N
300 200
Total time taken by Abdul to cover 500 Km = +
A
𝑥 𝑦

PY
DO U A
It is given that total time taken in 5 hours 30 minutes
T
ED PR
C

300 200
+ = 5ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 30𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
©

𝑥 𝑦
3 2 30
100 ( + ) = 5
𝑥 𝑦 60
3 2 30
100 ( + ) = 5
𝑥 𝑦 60
3 2 1
100 ( + ) = 5
𝑥 𝑦 2
3 2 11
100 ( + ) =
𝑥 𝑦 2
3 2 11 1
( + )= ×
𝑥 𝑦 2 100
3 2 11
+ = …(𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦 200

Case II: When Abdul travels 260 Km by train and the 240 km by taxi
 260
Time taken by Abdul to travel 260 Km by train = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥
240
Time taken by Abdul to travel 240 Km by taxi = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑦

In this case total time of the journey is 5 hours 36 minutes

260 240
+ = 5ℎ𝑟𝑠 36 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑥 𝑦
260 240 36
+ =5
𝑥 𝑦 60

T IO S
260 240 6
+ =5

I
𝑥 𝑦 10
260
NO A D
240 3

CO N
+ =5
A
𝑥 𝑦 5
13 12 28

PY
20 ( + )=
DO U A
𝑥 𝑦 5
T
13 12 28 1
ED PR

( + )= ×
𝑥 𝑦 5 20
13 12 7
+ = …(𝑖𝑖)
C

𝑥 𝑦 25
©

1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and, = 𝑢, the equations (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) reduces to
𝑥 𝑦
11
3𝑢 + 2𝑣 = …(𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
200
7
13𝑢 + 12𝑣 = …(𝑖𝑣)
25

Multiplying equation (𝑖𝑣) by 6 the above system of equation becomes

33
18𝑢 + 12𝑣 = …(𝑣)
100

Subtracting equation (𝑖𝑣 ) from (𝑣) we get

33
18𝑢 + 12𝑦 =
100
 7
−13𝑢 − 12𝑦 = −
25

33 7
5𝑢 = −
100 25
33 7×4
5𝑢 = −
100 25×4
33 28
5𝑢 = −
100 100
33−28
5𝑢 =

T IO S
100

I
5
5𝑢 =
NO A D
100

CO N
A
5 1
𝑢= ×
100 5

PY
DO U A
5 1
𝑢= ×
T
100 5
ED PR

1
𝑢=
100
1
C

Putting 𝑢 = in equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖), we get

100
©

11
3𝑢 + 2𝑣 =
200
1 11
3× + 2𝑣 =
100 200
3 11
+ 2𝑣 =
100 200
11 3
2𝑣 = −
200 100
11 3×2
2𝑣 = −
200 100×2
11−6
2𝑣 =
200
5
2𝑣 =
200
 5 1
𝑣= ×
20040 2
1
𝑣=
80

Now
1
𝑢=
100
1 1
=
𝑥 100

T IO S
𝑥 = 100

I
And
NO A D
CO N
1
A
𝑣=
80

PY
DO U A
1 1
=
𝑦 80
T
ED PR

𝑦 = 80
Hence, the speed of the train is 100 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟,
C
©

The speed of the taxi is 80 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

Page No 3.102:
Question 15: A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the
train could have been 10 km/hr. faster, it would have taken 2 hours less
than the scheduled time. And, if the train were slower by 10 km/hr; it
would have taken 3 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the distance
covered by the train.
ANSWER:
Let the actual speed of the train be 𝑥 and the actual time taken by y
hours. Then,
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
Distance covered = (𝑥𝑦)𝑘𝑚 …(𝑖)
If the speed is increased by10 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, then time of journey is reduced by
2 hours
when speed is (𝑥 + 10)𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, time of journey is (𝑦 − 2)ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
∴ Distance covered = (𝑥 + 10)(𝑦 − 2)
𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 + 10)(𝑦 − 2)

T IO S
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 + 10𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 20

I
NO A D
−2𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 20 = 0

CO N
A
−2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 12 = 0 …(𝑖𝑖)

PY
DO U A
When the speed is reduced by 10 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, then the time of journey is
T
increased by 3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 when speed is (𝑥 − 10)𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, time of journey
ED PR

is (𝑦 + 3) ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
∴ Distance covered= (𝑥 − 10)(𝑦 + 3)
C
©

𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 − 10)(𝑦 + 3)
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 − 10𝑦 + 3𝑥 − 30
0 = −10𝑦 + 3𝑥 − 30
3𝑥 − 10𝑦 − 30 = 0 (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
Thus, we obtain the following system of equations:
−𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 10 = 0
3𝑥 − 10𝑦 − 30 = 0
By using cross multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= (−1×−30)−(3𝑥−10) = (−1×−10)−(3×5)
5𝑥−30−(−10)×−10
 𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−150−100 30+30 10−15
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
−250 60 −5
−250
𝑥=
−5

𝑥 = 50
−60
𝑦=
−5

T IO S
𝑦 = 12

I
Putting the values of x and y in equation (i), we obtain
NO A D
CO N
Distance = 𝑥𝑦 𝑘𝑚
A

PY
= 50 × 12
DO U A

= 600 𝑘𝑚
T
ED PR

Hence, the length of the journey is 600 𝑘𝑚.

C
©

Page No 3.102:
Question 16: Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car
starts from A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the
same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel
towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of two cars?
ANSWER:
Let x and y be two cars starting from points A and B respectively.
Let the speed of the car X be x km/hr and that of the car Y be y km/hr.
Case I: When two cars move in the same directions:
Suppose two cars meet at point Q, then,
Distance travelled by car 𝑋 = 𝐴𝑄
Distance travelled by car 𝑌 = 𝐵𝑄
It is given that two cars meet in 5 hours.
Distance travelled by car X in 5 hours = 5𝑥 km AQ = 5𝑥
Distance travelled by car Y in 5 hours = 5𝑦 km BQ = 5𝑦
Clearly AQ – BQ = AB 5𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 100
Both sides divided by 5, we get 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 20 …(𝑖)

T IO S
Case II: When two cars move in opposite direction

I
Suppose two cars meet at point P, then,
NO A D
CO N
Distance travelled by X car 𝑋 = 𝐴𝑃
A
Distance travelled by Y car 𝑌 = 𝐵𝑃

PY
DO U A

In this case, two cars meet in 1 hour

T
ED PR

Therefore,
Distance travelled by car y in1 hours = 1𝑥 km
C
©

Distance travelled by car y in 1 hours = 1𝑦 km

𝐴𝑃 + 𝐵𝑃 = 𝐴𝐵
1𝑥 + 1𝑦 = 100
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 100

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 100 …(𝑖𝑖)
By solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 20
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 100
2𝑥 = 120
 120
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 60

By substituting 𝑥 = 60 in equation (ii), we get

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 100
60 + 𝑦 = 100

T IO S
𝑦 = 100 − 60

I
𝑦 = 40
NO A D
CO N
A
Hence, speed of car X is 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟, speed of car Y is 40 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

PY
DO U A
T
Page No 3.103:
ED PR

Question 17: While covering a distance of 30 km. Ajeet takes 2 hours

more than Amit. If Ajeet doubles his speed, he would take 1 hour less than
C

Amit. Find their speeds of walking.

©

ANSWER:
Let the speed of Ajeet and Amit be x Km/hr respectively. Then,
30
Time taken by Ajeet to cover 30 𝐾𝑚 = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑥
30
Time taken by Amit to cover 30 𝐾𝑚 = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑦

By the given conditions, we have

30 30
− =2 …(𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦

If Ajeet doubles his speed, then speed of Ajeet is 2𝑥 𝐾𝑚/ℎ𝑟

30
Time taken by Ajeet to cover 30𝐾𝑚 = ℎ𝑟𝑠
2𝑥
 30
Time taken by Amit to cover 30𝐾𝑚 = ℎ𝑟𝑠
𝑦

According to the given condition, we have

30
−15𝑥 + =1 ...(𝑖𝑖)
𝑦
1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and = 𝑣, in equation (i) and (ii), we get
𝑥 𝑦

30𝑢 − 30𝑣 = 2 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

T IO S
−15𝑢 + 30𝑣 = 1 … (𝑖𝑣 )

I
Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A

30𝑢 − 30𝑣 = 2
T
ED PR

−15𝑢 + 30𝑣 = 1
15𝑢 = 3
C
©

15
𝑢=
3
1
𝑢=
5
1
Putting 𝑢 = in equation (iii), we get
5

30𝑢 − 30𝑣 = 2
1
30 × − 30𝑣 = 2
5

6 − 30𝑣 = 2
−30𝑣 = 2 − 6
−30𝑣 = −4
 −4
𝑣=
−30
2
𝑣=
15
1
Now, 𝑢 =
5
1 1
=
𝑥 5

𝑥=5

T IO S
2
and 𝑣 =
15

I
1
=
2
NO A D
CO N
𝑦 15
A
15
𝑦=

PY
2
DO U A

𝑦 = 7.5
T
ED PR

Hence, the speed of Ajeet is 5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

The speed of Amit is 7.5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
C
©

Page No 3.103:
Question 18: A takes 3 hours more than B to walk a distance of 30 km.
1
But, if A doubles his pace (speed) he is ahead of B by 1 hours. Find the
2
speeds of A and B.
ANSWER:
Let the speed of A and B be x Km/hr and y Km/hr respectively. Then,
30
Time taken by A to cover 30 𝐾𝑚 = ℎ𝑟𝑠,
𝑥
30
And, Time taken by B to cover 30 𝐾𝑚 = ℎ𝑟𝑠.
𝑦
By the given conditions, we have
30 30
− =3
𝑥 𝑦
10 10
− =1 … (𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦

If A doubles his pace, then speed of A is 2𝑥 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟

30
Time taken by A to cover 30 𝐾𝑚 = ℎ𝑟𝑠,
2𝑥
30

T IO S
Time taken by B to cover 30 𝐾𝑚 = ℎ𝑟𝑠.
𝑦

I
NO A D
According to the given condition, we have

CO N
A
30 30 1
− =1
𝑦 2𝑥 2

PY
DO U A
30 30 3
− =
T 𝑦 2𝑥 2
ED PR

30 1 30 1 3 1
× − × = ×
𝑦 3 2𝑥 3 2 3
C

3010 1 3010 1 3 1
× − × = ×
©

𝑦 3 2𝑥 3 2 3
10 5 1
− =
𝑥 𝑦 2
10 20
− + =1 … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦
1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and = 𝑣, in equation (i) and (ii), we get
𝑥 𝑦

10𝑢 − 10𝑣 = 1
10𝑢 − 10𝑣 − 1 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
−10𝑢 + 20𝑣 = 1
−10𝑢 + 20𝑣 − 1 = 0 … (𝑖𝑣 )
Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get,
10𝑣 − 2 = 0
10𝑣 = 2
2
𝑣=
10
1
𝑣=
5
1
Putting 𝑣 = in equation (iii), we get
5

10𝑢 − 10𝑣 − 1 = 0

T IO S
1

I
10𝑢 − 10 × − 1 = 0
NO A D 5

CO N
10𝑢 − 2 − 1 = 0
A

PY
10𝑢 − 3 = 0
DO U A
T 10𝑢 = 3
ED PR

3
𝑢=
10
C

3
Now, 𝑢 =
©

10
1 3
=
𝑥 10
10
𝑥=
3
1
and, 𝑣 =
5
1 1
=
𝑦 5

𝑦=5
10
Hence, the A’s speed is 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟,
3

The B’s speed is 5 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟.

 Exercise 3.11
Page No 3.111:
Question 1: If in a rectangle, the length is increased and breadth reduced
each by 2 units, the area is reduced by 28 square units. If, however the
length is reduced by 1 unit and the breadth increased by 2 units, the area
increases by 33 square units. Find the area of the rectangle.
ANSWER:

T IO S
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be 𝑥 and 𝑦 units respectively

I
Then, area of rectangle = 𝑥𝑦 square units
NO A D
CO N
A
If length is increased and breadth reduced each by 2 units, then the area

PY
DO U A
is reduced by 28 square units
T
ED PR

(𝑥 + 2) (𝑦 – 2) = 𝑥𝑦 – 28
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 = 𝑥𝑦 – 28
C

⇒ −2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4 + 28 = 0
©

⇒ −2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 24 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 24 = 0
Therefore,
Then the length is reduced by 1 unit and breadth is increased by 2 units
then the area is increased by 33 square units
(𝑥 – 1) (𝑦 + 2) = 𝑥𝑦 + 33
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 𝑥𝑦 + 33
⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 − 33 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 35 = 0
Therefore, 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 35 = 0 . . . (𝑖𝑖)
Thus we get the following system of linear equation
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 24 = 0
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 35 = 0
By using cross multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−2×−35)−(−1×−24)
= (2×−35)−(2×−24) = (2×−1)−(2×−2)

T IO S
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =

I
70−24 −70+48 −2+4

NO A D 𝑥
=
−𝑦
=
1

CO N
46 −22 2
A
46
𝑥=

PY
DO U A
2
T
𝑥 = 23
ED PR

and
22
C

𝑦=
2
©

𝑦 = 11
The length of rectangle is 23 units.
The breadth of rectangle is 11 units.
Area of rectangle = length×breadth,
=𝑥×𝑦
= 23 × 11
= 253 square units
Hence, the area of rectangle is 253 square units
 Page No 3.111:
Question 2: The area of a rectangle remains the same if the length is
increased by 7 meters and the breadth is decreased by 3 meters. The area
remains unaffected if the length is decreased by 7 meters and breadth in
increased by 5 meters. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
ANSWER:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be 𝑥 and 𝑦 units respectively

T IO S
Then, area of rectangle = 𝑥𝑦 square units

I
If length is increased by 7 meters and breadth is decreased by 3 meters
NO A D
CO N
when the area of a rectangle remains the same
A
Therefore,

PY
DO U A
𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 + 7)(𝑦 − 3)
T
ED PR

𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 + 7𝑦 − 3𝑥 − 21
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 + 7𝑦 − 3𝑥 − 21
C

3𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 21 = 0 …(𝑖)
©

If the length is decreased by 7 meters and breadth is increased by 5 meters

when the area remains unaffected, then
𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 − 7)(𝑦 + 5)
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑦 − 5𝑥 − 35
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑦 + 5𝑥 − 35
0 = 5𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 35 …(𝑖𝑖)
Thus we get the following system of linear equation
3𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 21 = 0
5𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 35 = 0
By using cross-multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−7×−35)−(−7×21)
= (3×−35)−(5×21) = (3×−7)−(5×−7)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
245+147 −105−105 −21+35
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
392 −210 14
392
𝑥=
14

T IO S
𝑥 = 28

I
and
NO A D
CO N
210
A
𝑦=
14

PY
DO U A
𝑦 = 15
T
Hence, the length of rectangle is 28 meters
ED PR

The breadth of rectangle is 15 meters

C
©

Page No 3.111:
Question 3: In a rectangle, if the length is increased by 3 meters and
breadth is decreased by 4 meters, the area of the rectangle is reduced by
67 square meters. If length is reduced by 1 meter and breadth is increased
by 4 meters, the area is increased by 89 Sq. meters. Find the dimensions
of the rectangle.
ANSWER:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be 𝑥 and 𝑦 units respectively
Then, area of rectangle = 𝑥𝑦 square units
If the length is increased by 3 meters and breath is reduced each
by 4 square meters the area is reduced by 67 square units
Therefore,
𝑥𝑦 − 67 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑦 − 4)
𝑥𝑦 − 67 = 𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 12
𝑥𝑦 − 67 = 𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 12
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 67 + 12 = 0
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 55 = 0 …(𝑖)

T IO S
Then the length is reduced by meter and breadth is increased by meter
then the area is increased by square units

I
NO A D
Therefore, 0 = 4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 93 … (𝑖𝑖 )

CO N
A
Thus, we get the following system of linear equation

PY
DO U A
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 55 = 0
T
ED PR

4𝑥 − 𝑦 − 93 = 0
By using cross multiplication, we have
C

𝑥 −𝑦 1
= (4×−93)−(4×−55) = (4×−1)−(4×−3)
©

(−3×−93)−(−1×−55)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
279−55 −372+220 −4+12
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
224 −512 8
224
𝑥=
8

𝑥 = 28
and
152
𝑦=
8

𝑦 = 19
Hence, the length of rectangle is 28 meter,
The breath of rectangle is 19 meter.

Page No 3.111:
Question 4: The incomes of 𝑋 and 𝑌 are in the ratio of 8: 7 and their
expenditures are in the ratio 19: 16. If each saves Rs 1250, find their
incomes.
ANSWER:

T IO S
Let the income of 𝑋 be Rs 8𝑥 and the income of 𝑌 be Rs 7𝑥. further let

I
the expenditure of 𝑋 be 19𝑦 and the expenditure of 𝑌 be 16𝑦 respectively
NO A D
CO N
then,
A
Saving of 𝑥 = 8𝑥 − 19𝑦

PY
DO U A
Saving of 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 16𝑦
T
ED PR

8𝑥 − 19𝑦 = 1250
7𝑥 − 16𝑦 = 1250
C

8𝑥 − 19𝑦 − 1250 = 0 … (𝑖)

©

7𝑥 − 16𝑦 − 1250 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖 )

Solving equation (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) by cross- multiplication, we have
𝑥 −𝑦 1
(−19×−1250)−(−16×−1250)
= (8×−1250)−(7×−1250) = (8×−16)−(7×−19)
𝑥 −𝑦 1
= =
23750−20000 −10000+8750 −128+133
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
3750 1250 5
3750
𝑥=
5

The monthly income of 𝑋 = 8𝑥

= 8 × 750
= 6000
The monthly income of 𝑌 = 7𝑥
= 7 × 750
= 5250
Hence the monthly income of 𝑋 is 𝑅𝑠. 6000
The monthly income of is 𝑅𝑠. 5250

T IO S I
Page No 3.111:
NO A D
CO N
Question 5: A and B each has some money. If A gives Rs 30 to B, then B
A
will have twice the money left with A. But, if B gives Rs 10 to A, then A

PY
DO U A
will have thrice as much as is left with B. How much money does each
have?
T
ED PR

ANSWER:
Let the money with A be Rs x and the money with B be Rs y.
C
©

If A gives Rs 30 to B, Then B will have twice the money left with A,

According to the condition we have,
𝑦 + 30 = 2(𝑥 − 30)
𝑦 + 30 = 2𝑥 − 60
0 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 60 − 30
0 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 90 … (𝑖)
If B gives Rs 10 to A, then A will have thrice as much as is left with B,
𝑥 + 10 = 3(𝑦 − 10)
𝑥 + 10 = 3𝑦 − 30
𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 10 + 30 = 0
 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 40 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖 )
By multiplying equation (𝑖𝑖) with 2 we get, 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 80 = 0
By subtracting (𝑖𝑖) from (𝑖) we get,
By substituting 𝑦 = 34 in equation (𝑖) we get
124
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 62

T IO S
Hence the money with A be 𝑅𝑠. 62 and the money with B be 𝑅𝑠. 34

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 3.111:

PY
Question 6:
DO U A
T
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral such that ∠A = (4𝑦 + 20)°, ∠B =
ED PR

(3𝑦 − 5)°, ∠C = (−4𝑥 )° and ∠D = (7𝑥 + 5)°. Find the four angles.
ANSWER:
C
©

We know that the sum of the opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral

is 180°. in the cyclic quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 angles 𝐴 and 𝐶 and angles
𝐵 and 𝐷 pairs of opposite angles
Therefore
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐶 = 180° and ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐷 = 180°
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
By substituting ∠𝐴 = (4𝑦 + 20)° and ∠𝐶 = (−4𝑥 )° we get
4𝑦 + 20 − 4𝑥 = 180°
−4𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 20 = 180°
−4𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 180° − 20
−4𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 160°
4𝑥 − 4𝑦 = −160°
Divide both sides of equation by 4 we get
𝑥 − 𝑦 = −40°
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 40° = 0 … (𝑖)
∠𝐵 + ∠𝐷 = 180°
By substituting ∠𝐵 = (3𝑦 − 5)° and ∠𝐷 = (7𝑥 + 5)° we get

T IO S
3𝑦 − 5 + 7𝑥 + 5 = 180°

I
7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 180
NO A D
CO N
7𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 180 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖 )
A
By multiplying equation (𝑖) by 3 we get

PY
DO U A

3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 120 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
T
ED PR

By subtracting equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖) from (𝑖𝑖) we get

3𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 120
C
©

7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 180
10𝑥 = 60

60
𝑥=
10

𝑥=6
By substituting 𝑥 = 6° in equation (𝑖) we get
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 40° = 0
6 − 𝑦 + 40 = 0
−1𝑦 = −40 − 6
 −1𝑦 = −46
−46
𝑦=
−1

𝑦 = 46
The angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are
∠𝐴 = 4𝑦 + 20
= 4 × 46 + 20

T IO S
= 184 + 20

I
= 204°
NO A D
CO N
A
∠𝐵 = 3𝑦 − 5

PY
= 3 × 46 − 5
DO U A
T
= 138 − 5
ED PR

= 133°
C

∠𝐶 = −4𝑥°
©

= −4(6)
= −24°
∠𝐷 = 7𝑥 + 5
=7×6+5
= 42 + 5
= 47°
Hence the angles of quadrilateral are
∠𝐴 = 204°, ∠𝐵 = 133°, ∠𝐶 = −24°, ∠𝐷 = 47°

Page No 3.111:
Question 7: 2 men and 7 boys can do a piece of work in 4 days. The same
work is done in 3 days by 4 men and 4 boys. How long would it take one
man and one boy to do it?
ANSWER:
A man can alone finish the work in 𝑥 days and one boy alone can finish it
in 𝑦 days then
1
One man one day work =
𝑥

T IO S
1
One boy one day work =

I
𝑦

NO A D 2

CO N
2 men one day work =
A
𝑥
7

PY
7 boys one day work =
DO U A
𝑦
T
Since 2 men and 7 boys can finish the work in 4 days
ED PR

2 7
4( + ) = 1
𝑥 𝑦
C

8 28
©

+ =1 … (𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦

Again 4 men and 4 boys can finish the work in 3 days

4 4
3( + ) = 1
𝑥 𝑦
12 12
+ =1 … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥 𝑦
1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and = 𝑣in equation (𝑖 ) and (𝑖𝑖) we get
𝑥 𝑦

8𝑢 + 28𝑣 = 1
12𝑢 + 12𝑣 = 1
8𝑢 + 28𝑣 − 1 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
12𝑢 + 12𝑣 − 1 … (𝑖𝑣 )
By using cross multiplication, we have
Now,
1
𝑢=
15
1 1
=
𝑥 15

𝑥 = 15

T IO S
and

I
𝑣=
1
NO A D
CO N
60
A
1 1
=

PY
𝑦 60
DO U A
T
𝑦 = 60
ED PR

Hence, one man alone can finish the work in 15 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 and one boy alone
can finish the work in 60 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 .
C
©

Page No 3.111:
Question 8: In a ∆ABC, ∠A = x°, ∠B = (3𝑥 − 2)°, ∠C = y°. Also, ∠C −
∠B = 9°. Find the three angles.
ANSWER:
Let ∠A = x°, ∠B = (3𝑥 − 2)°, ∠C = y°. and
∠𝐶 − ∠𝐵 = 9°
⇒ ∠𝐶 = 9° + ∠𝐵
⇒ ∠𝐶 = 9° + 3𝑥° − 2°
⇒ ∠𝐶 = 7° + 3𝑥°
Substitute ∠C = y° in above equation we get,
𝑦° = 7° + 3𝑥°
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
⇒ 𝑥° + (3𝑥° − 2°) + (7° + 3𝑥°) = 180°
⇒ 7𝑥° + 5° = 180°
⇒ 7𝑥° = 180° − 5° = 175°
175°

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥° = = 25°
7°

I
NO A D
∠𝐴 = 𝑥° = 25°

CO N
A
∠𝐵 = (3𝑥 − 2)° = 3(25°) − 2° = 73°

PY
∠𝐶 = (7° + 3𝑥°) = 7° + 3(25)° = 82°
DO U A
T
∠𝐴 = 25°, ∠𝐵 = 73°, ∠𝐶 = 82°
ED PR

Hence, the answer.

C
©

Page No 3.111:
Question 9: In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A = (2𝑥 + 4)°, ∠B =
(𝑦 + 3)°, ∠C = (2𝑦 + 10)°, ∠D = (4𝑥 − 5)°. Find the four angles.
ANSWER:
We know that the sum of the opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral
is 180° .in the cyclic quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, angles 𝐴 and 𝐶 and
angles 𝐵 and 𝐷 pairs of opposite angles
Therefore ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐶 = 180° and ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐷 = 180°
Taking ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
By substituting ∠𝐴 = (2𝑥 + 4)° and ∠𝐶 = (2𝑦 + 10)° we get
2𝑥 + 4 + 2𝑦 + 10 = 180
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 14 = 180°
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 180° − 14°
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 166 … (𝑖)
Taking ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐷 = 180°
By substituting ∠𝐵 = (𝑦 + 3)° and ∠𝐷 = (4𝑥 − 5)° we get

T IO S
𝑦 + 3 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 180°

I
4𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 + 3 = 180°
NO A D
CO N
4𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 = 180°
A
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180° + 2°

PY
DO U A

4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 182° … (𝑖𝑖 )
T
ED PR

By multiplying equation (𝑖𝑖) by 2 we get 8𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 364 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )

C
©

By subtracting equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )from (𝑖) we get

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 166
−8𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −364
−6𝑥 = −198

−198
𝑥=
−6

𝑥 = 33°
By substituting 𝑥 = 33° in equation (𝑖𝑖 ) we get
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 182
4 × 33 + 𝑦 = 182
132 + 𝑦 = 182
𝑦 = 182 − 132
𝑦 = 50
The angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are
∠𝐴 = 2𝑥 + 4

T IO S
= 2 × 33 + 4

I
= 66 + 4
NO A D
CO N
= 70°
A
∠𝐵 = 𝑦 + 3

PY
DO U A

= 50 + 3
T
ED PR

= 53°
∠𝐶 = 2𝑦 + 10°
C
©

= 2 × 50 + 10
= 100 + 10
= 110°
∠𝐷 = 4𝑥 − 5
= 4 × 33 − 5
= 132 − 5
= 127°
Hence, the angles of cyclic quadrilateral ABCD are ∠𝐴 = 70°, ∠𝐵 =
53°, ∠𝐶 = 110°, ∠𝐷 = 127°.
 Page No 3.111:
Question 10: Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each
right answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been
awanded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each
incorrect answer, the Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many
question were there in the test?
ANSWER:
Let take right answer will be 𝑥 and wrong answer will be 𝑦.

T IO S
Hence total number of questions will be 𝑥 + 𝑦 … (𝑖)

I
NO A D
If yash scored 40 marks in at least getting marks for each right answer

CO N
A
and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer then

PY
DO U A
3𝑥 − 1𝑦 = 40 … (𝑖𝑖 )
T
If 4 marks awarded for each right answer and 2 marks deduced for each
ED PR

wrong answer the he scored 50 marks

4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 50 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
C
©

By multiplying equation (𝑖) by 2 we get

6𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 80 … (𝑖𝑣 )
By subtracting (𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) from (𝑖𝑣) we get
6𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 80
− 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = − 50
2𝑥 = 30

30
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 15
Putting 𝑥 = 15 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we have
3𝑥 − 1𝑦 = 40
3 × 15 − 1𝑦 = 40
45 − 1𝑦 = 40
−1𝑦 = 40 − 45
−𝑦 = −5

T IO S
Total number question will be

I
=𝑥+𝑦
NO A D
CO N
= 15 + 5
A
= 20

PY
DO U A

Hence, the total number of question is 20.

T
ED PR

Page No 3.111:
Question 11: In a ∆ABC, ∠A = x°, ∠B = 3x° and ∠C = y°. If 3y − 5x =
C

30, prove that the triangle is right angled.

©

ANSWER:
We have to prove that the triangle is right
Given ∠A = x°, ∠B = 3x° and ∠C = y°
Sum of three angles in triangle are ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180°
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180° … (𝑖)
By solving 4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180 with 3𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 30 we get,
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180
−5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 30 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Multiplying equation (𝑖) by 3 we get
12𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 540 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
Subtracting equation (𝑖𝑖 ) from (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
12𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 540
+ 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = − 30

T IO S
17𝑥 = 510

I
NO A D
CO N
510
𝑥=
A
17

PY
𝑥 = 30°
DO U A
T
Substituting 𝑥 = 30° in equation (𝑖) we get
ED PR

4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180
C

4 × 30 + 𝑦 = 180
©

120 + 𝑦 = 180
𝑦 = 180 − 120
𝑦 = 60°
Angles ∠A, ∠B and ∠C are
∠𝐴 = 𝑥°
= 30°
∠𝐵 = 3𝑥°
= 3 × 30°
= 90°
∠𝐶 = 𝑦°
= 60°
A right angled triangle is a triangle in which one side should has a right
angle that is 90° in it.
Hence,∠𝐵 = 90° The triangle ABC is right angled

Page No 3.111:

T IO S
Question 12: The car hires charges in a city comprise of a fixed charge

I
NO A D
together with the charge for the distance covered. For a journey of 12 km,

CO N
the charge paid is Rs 89 and the journey of 20 km, the charge paid is Rs
A
145. What will a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 30 km?

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

Let the fixed charges of car be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑥 per km and the running charges
be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑦 km/hr
C

According to the given condition we have

©

𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 89 … (𝑖)
𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 145 … (𝑖𝑖 )
𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 89
𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 145
−8𝑦 = −56

−56
𝑦=
−8

𝑦=7
Putting 𝑦 = 7 in equation (𝑖) we get
 𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 89
𝑥 + 12 × 7 = 89
𝑥 + 84 = 89
𝑥 = 89 − 84
𝑥=5
Therefore, Total charges for travelling distance of 30 km

T IO S
= 𝑥 + 30𝑦

I
= 5 + 30 × 7
NO A D
CO N
= 5 + 210
A
= Rs 215

PY
DO U A

Hence, A person have to pay 𝑅𝑠. 215 for travelling a distance of 30 km.
T
ED PR
C
©

Page No 3.112:
Question 13: A part of monthly hostel charges in a college are fixed and
the remaining depend on the number of days one has taken food in the
mess. When a student A takes food for 20 days, he has to pay Rs 1000 as
hostel charges whereas a student’s B, who takes food for 26 days, pays Rs
1180 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charge and the cost of food per day.
ANSWER:
Let the fixed charges of hostel be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑥 and the cost of food charges
be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑦 per day
According to the given condition we have,
𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 1000 … (𝑖)
𝑥 + 26𝑦 = 1180 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Subtracting equation (𝑖𝑖 ) from equation (𝑖) we get
𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 1000
−𝑥 − 26𝑦 = −1180
−6 = −180

−180

T IO S
𝑦=
−6

I
NO A D
𝑦 = 30

CO N
A
Putting 𝑦 = 30 in equation (𝑖) we get

PY
𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 1000
DO U A
T
𝑥 + 20 × 30 = 1000
ED PR

𝑥 + 600 = 1000
C

𝑥 = 1000 − 600
©

𝑥 = 400
Hence, the fixed charges of hostel is 𝑅𝑠 400.
The cost of food per day is 𝑅𝑠 30 .

Page No 3.112:
Question 14: Half the perimeter of a garden, whose length is 4 more than
its width is 36 m. Find the dimension of the garden.
ANSWER:
Let perimeter of rectangular garden will be 2(𝑙 + 𝑏).if half the perimeter
of a garden will be 36𝑚
1
× 2(𝑙 + 𝑏) = 36
2

(𝑙 + 𝑏) = 36 … (𝑖)
When the length is four more than its width then (𝑏 + 4)
Substituting 𝑙 = 𝑏 + 4 in equation (𝑖) we get
𝑙 + 𝑏 = 36
𝑏 + 4 + 𝑏 = 36

T IO S
2𝑏 = 36 − 4

I
2𝑏 = 32
NO A D
CO N
32
A
𝑏=
2

PY
DO U A
𝑏 = 16
T
Putting 𝑏 = 16 in equation (𝑖) we get
ED PR

(𝑙 + 𝑏) = 36
C

𝑙 + 16 = 36
©

𝑙 = 36 − 16
𝑙 = 20
Hence, the dimensions of rectangular garden are 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 16 𝑚 and
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 20 𝑚

Page No 3.112:
Question 15: The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller
by 18 degrees. Find them.
ANSWER:
We know that the sum of supplementary angles will be 180°.
Let the longer supplementary angles will be ′𝑦′.
Then, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180° … (𝑖)
If larger of supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degree,
According to the given condition. We have,
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 18 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Substitute 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 18 in equation (𝑖), we get,
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180°

T IO S
𝑦 + 18 + 𝑦 = 180°

I
NO A D
2𝑦 + 18 = 180°

CO N
A
2𝑦 = 180° − 18°

PY
DO U A
2𝑦 = 162°
T
ED PR

162°
𝑦=
2

𝑦 = 81°
C
©

Put 𝑦 = 81° equation (𝑖𝑖), we get,

𝑥 = 𝑦 + 18
𝑥 = 81 + 18
𝑥 = 99°
Hence, the larger supplementary angle is 99°,
The smaller supplementary angle is 81°.

Page No 3.112:
Question 16: 2 women and 5 men can together finish a piece of
embroidery in 4 days, while 3 women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days.
Find the time taken by 1 woman alone to finish the embroidery, and that
taken by 1 man alone.
ANSWER:
1 women alone can finish the work in 𝑥 days and 1 man alone can finish
it in 𝑦 days .then
1
One woman one day work =
𝑥
1
One man one day work =

T IO S
𝑦

I
2
2 women’s one day work =
NO A D 𝑥

CO N
A
5
5 man’s one day work =
𝑦

PY
DO U A
Since 2 women and 5 men can finish the work in 4 days
T
ED PR

2 5
4( + ) = 1
𝑥 𝑦
8 20
C

+ = 1 … (𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦
©

3 women and 6 men can finish the work in 3 days

3 6
3( + ) = 1
𝑥 𝑦
9 18
+ = 1 … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑥 𝑦

1 1
Putting = 𝑢 and = 𝑣 in equation (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) we get
8 𝑦

8𝑢 + 20𝑣 − 1 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
9𝑢 + 18𝑣 − 1 = 0 … (𝑖𝑣)
By using cross multiplication, we have
𝑢 −𝑣 1
(20×−1)−(18×−1)
= (8×−1)−(9×−1) = (8×18)−(9×20)
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−20+18 −8+9 144−180
𝑢 −𝑣 1
= =
−2 1 −36
−2

T IO S
𝑢=
−36

I
1
NO A D 𝑢=

CO N
18
A
−1
𝑣=
−36

PY
DO U A
1
𝑣=
T
36
ED PR

Now,
1
C

𝑢=
18
©

1 1
=
𝑥 18

𝑥 = 18
1
𝑣=
60
1 1
=
𝑦 60

𝑦 = 60
Hence, the time taken by 1 woman alone to finish the embroidery is
36 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠,
The time taken by 1 man alone to finish the embroidery is 18 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠.
 Page No 3.112:
Question 17: Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs 2000. She asked the
cashier to give her Rs 50 and Rs 100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in
all. Find how many notes Rs 50 and Rs 100 she received.
ANSWER:
Let 𝑅𝑠. 𝑥 be the notes of 𝑅𝑠. 50 and 𝑅𝑠. 100 notes will be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑦
If Meena ask for 𝑅𝑠. 50 and 𝑅𝑠. 100 notes only, then the equation will be,

T IO S
50𝑥 + 100𝑦 = 2000

I
NO A D
Divide both sides by 50 then we get,

CO N
A
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 40 … (𝑖)

PY
If Meena got 25 notes in all then the equation will be,
DO U A
T
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 25 … (𝑖𝑖 )
ED PR

By subtracting the equation (𝑖𝑖) from (𝑖) we get,

C
©

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 40
−𝑥 − 𝑦 = −25
1𝑦 = 15
15
𝑦=
1

𝑦 = 15
Substituting 𝑦 = 15 in equation (𝑖𝑖), we get
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 25
𝑥 + 15 = 25
 𝑥 = 25 − 15
𝑥 = 10
Therefore 𝑥 = 10 and 𝑦 = 15
Hence, Meena has 10 notes of 𝑅𝑠. 50 and 15 notes of 𝑅𝑠. 100

Page No 3.112:

T IO S
Question 18: There are two examination rooms A and B. If 10 candidates
are sent from A to B, the number of students in each room is same. If 20

I
NO A D
candidates are sent from B to A, the number of students in A is double the

CO N
number of students in B. Find the number of students in each room.
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A

Let us take the A examination room will be x and the B examination room
T
ED PR

will be y
If 10 candidates are sent from A to B, the number of students in each room
C

is same. According to the above condition equation will be

©

𝑦 + 10 = 𝑥 − 10
0 = 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 10 − 10
𝑥 − 𝑦 − 20 = 0 … (𝑖)
If 20 candidates are sent from B to A, the number of students in A is
double the number of students in B, then equation will be,
𝑥 + 20 = 2(𝑦 − 20)
𝑥 + 10 = 2𝑦 − 40
𝑥 + 20 − 2𝑦 + 40 = 0
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 20 + 40 = 0
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 60 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖 )
By subtracting the equation (𝑖) from (𝑖𝑖 ) we get, 𝑦 = 80
Substituting 𝑦 = 80 in equation (𝑖), we get
Hence 100 candidates are in A examination Room,
80 candidates are in B Examination Room.

Page No 3.112:

T IO S
Question 19: A railway half ticket costs half the full fare and the
reservation charge is the same on half ticket as on full ticket. One reserved

I
NO A D
first class ticket from Mumbai to Ahmedabad costs Rs 216 and one full

CO N
and one half reserved first class tickets cost Rs 327. What is the basic first
A
class full fare and what is the reservation charge?

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
ED PR

Let take first class full of fare is Rs 𝑥 and reservation charge is Rs 𝑦 per
ticket
C

𝑥
Then half of the ticket as on full ticket =
©

According to the given condition we have

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 216 … (𝑖)
𝑥
𝑥 + 𝑦 + ( ) + 𝑦 = 327
2
𝑥
𝑥 + + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 327
2
3𝑥
+ 2𝑦 = 327 … (𝑖𝑖 )
2

Multiplying equation (𝑖) by 2 we have

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 432 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
Subtracting (𝑖𝑖) from (𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) we get
 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 432
3𝑥
− − 2𝑦 = −327
2
3𝑥
2𝑥 − = 105
2
4𝑥−3𝑥
= 105
2
1𝑥
= 105
2

T IO S
𝑥 = 105 × 2

I
𝑥 = 210
NO A D
CO N
Putting 𝑥 = 210 in equation (𝑖) we get
A

PY
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 216
DO U A
T
210 + 𝑦 = 216
ED PR

𝑦 = 216 − 210
𝑦=6
C
©

Hence, the basic first class full fare is 𝑅𝑠. 210

The reservation charge is 𝑅𝑠. 6.

Page No 3.112:
Question 20: A wizard having powers of mystic in candations and
magical medicines seeing a cock, fight going on, spoke privately to both
the owners of cocks. To one he said; if your bird wins, then you give me
your stake-money, but if you do not win, I shall give you two third of that'.
Going to the other, he promised in the same way to give three fourths.
From both of them his gain would be only 12 gold coins. Find the stake
of money each of the cock-owners have.
ANSWER:
Let the strike money of first cock-owner be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑥 and of second cock-
owner be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑦 respectively. Then we have,
3
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 12
4
4𝑥−3𝑦
= 12
4

4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 12 × 3

T IO S
4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 48 … (𝑖)

I
NO A D
For second cock-owner according to given condition we have,

CO N
2
A
𝑦 − 𝑥 = 12
3

PY
DO U A
3𝑦−2𝑥
= 12
3
T
ED PR

3𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 12 × 3
3𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 36 … (𝑖𝑖 )
C

By subtracting (𝑖𝑖) from (𝑖), we have,

©

4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 48
−2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 36
2𝑥 = 84

84
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 42
Putting 𝑥 = 42 in equation (𝑖𝑖) we get,
3𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 36
3𝑦 − 2 × 40 = 36
 3𝑦 − 84 = 36
3𝑦 = 36 + 84
3𝑦 = 120
120
𝑦=
3

𝑦 = 40
Hence the stake of money first cock-owner is 𝑅𝑠. 42 and of second cock-

T IO S
owner is 𝑅𝑠. 40 respectively.

I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 3.112:
A
Question 21: The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3

PY
DO U A
students are extra in a row, there would be 1 row less. If 3 students are
T
less in a row there would be 2 rows more. Find the number of student in
ED PR

the class.
ANSWER:
C
©

Let the number of students be 𝑥 and the number of row be 𝑦.then,

𝑥
Number of students in each row =
𝑦

Where three students is extra in each row, there are one row less that is
𝑥
when each row has ( + 3)students the number of rows is (𝑦 − 1)
𝑦

Total number of students = no. of rows × no. of students in each row

𝑥
𝑥 = ( + 3) (𝑦 − 1)
𝑦
𝑥
𝑥 = (𝑥 + 3𝑦 − − 3)
𝑦
−𝑥
0= + 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3
𝑦
 −𝑥
0= + 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3
𝑦
−𝑥
0= + 3𝑦 − 3
𝑦

If three students are less in each row then there are 2 rows more that is
𝑥
when each row has ( − 3) (𝑦 + 2)
𝑦

Therefore, total number of students = Number of rows × Number of

students in each row

T IO S
𝑥
𝑥 = ( − 3) (𝑦 + 2)

I
𝑦

NO A D
CO N
2𝑦
𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + −6
A
𝑥
2𝑥

PY
0= + 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 6
DO U A
𝑦
T
2𝑥
ED PR

0= + 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 6
𝑦
2𝑥
0= − 3𝑦 − 6 … (𝑖𝑖 )
C

𝑦
©

𝑥
Putting = 𝑢 in(𝑖 ) and (𝑖𝑖) equation we get
𝑦

−𝑢 + 3𝑦 − 3 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
2𝑢 − 3𝑦 − 6 = 0 … (𝑖𝑣 )

Adding (𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) and (𝑖𝑣) equation we get

−𝑢 + 3𝑦 − 3 = 0
2𝑢 − 3𝑦 − 6 = 0
𝑢−9=0
𝑢=9
Putting 𝑢 = 9 in equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get
−𝑢 + 3𝑦 − 3 = 0
−9 + 3𝑦 − 3 = 0
+3𝑦 − 12 = 0
3𝑦 = 12
12
𝑦=
3

T IO S
𝑦=4

I
𝑢=9
NO A D
CO N
𝑥
A
=9
𝑦

PY
DO U A
𝑥
=9
4
T
ED PR

𝑥 =9×4
𝑥 = 36
C

Hence, the number of students in the class is 36.

©

Page No 3.112:
Question 22: One says. "give me hundred, friend! I shall then become
twice as rich as you" The other replies, "If you give me ten, I shall be six
times as rich as you". Tell me what is the amount of their respective
capital?
ANSWER:
21. Let the money with first person be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑥 and the money with the
second person be 𝑅𝑠. 𝑦. Then,
(𝑥 + 100) = 2(𝑦 − 100)
(𝑦 + 10) = 6(𝑥 − 10)
If first person gives to second person then the second person will
become twice as rich as first person, According to the given condition, we
have,
(𝑥 + 100) = 2(𝑦 − 100)
𝑥 + 100 = 2𝑦 − 200
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 100 + 200 = 0

T IO S
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 300 = 0 … (𝑖)

I
NO A D
if second person gives 𝑅𝑠. 10 to first person then the first person will

CO N
becomes six times as rich as second person, According to given condition,
A
we have,

PY
DO U A
(𝑦 + 10) = 6(𝑥 − 10)
T
ED PR

𝑦 + 10 = 6𝑥 − 60
0 = 6𝑥 − 60 − 𝑦 − 10
C

0 = 6𝑥 − 𝑦 − 70 … (𝑖𝑖 )
©

Multiplying (𝑖𝑖 ) equation by 2 we get,

12𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 140 = 0 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
By subtracting (𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) from(𝑖), we get

𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 300 = 0
−12𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 140 = 0
−11𝑥 + 440 = 0
− 440
𝑥=
− 11
 𝑥 = 40
Putting 𝑥 = 40 in equation(𝑖), we get,
𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 300 = 0
40 − 2𝑦 + 300 = 0
−2𝑦 + 340 = 0
−2𝑦 = −340
− 340

T IO S
𝑦=
−2

I
𝑦 = 170
NO A D
CO N
Hence, first person’s capital will be 𝑅𝑠. 40,
A

PY
Second person’s capital will be 𝑅𝑠. 170.
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.112:
C

Question 23: A shopkeeper sells a saree at 8% profit and a sweater at

10% discount, thereby getting a sum of ₹1008. If she had sold the saree
©

at 10% profit and the sweater at 8% discount, she would have got ₹1028.
Find the cost price of the saree and the list price (price before discount) of
the sweater.
ANSWER:
Let the CP of saree be ₹x and the list price of sweater be ₹y.
Case I: When saree is sold at 8% profit and sweater at 10% discount.
SP = CP + Profit
8 108
⇒ SP of saree = 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 𝑥
100 100

SP of sweater = List price − Discount

 10 90
⇒ SP of sweater = 𝑦 − 𝑦= 𝑦
100 100

Total sum received by the shopkeeper = ₹1008

108 90
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1008
100 100

⇒ 108𝑥 + 90𝑦 = 100800

⇒ 6𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 5600 . . . (𝑖)
Case II: When saree is sold at 10% profit and sweater at 8% discount.

T IO S
10 110
⇒ SP of saree = 𝑥 + 𝑥= 𝑥

I
100 100
NO A D
CO N
SP of sweater = List price − Discount
A
8 92
⇒ SP of sweater = 𝑦 − 𝑦= 𝑦

PY
DO U A
100 100

Total sum received by the shopkeeper = ₹1028

T
ED PR

110 92
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1028
100 100
C

⇒ 110𝑥 + 92𝑦 = 102800 . . . (𝑖𝑖)

©

Multiplying (i) by 110 and (ii) by 6, we get

660𝑥 + 550𝑦 = 616000 . . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
660𝑥 + 552𝑦 = 616800 . . . (𝑖𝑣)
Subtracting (iii) from (iv), we get
2𝑦 = 800
⇒ 𝑦 = 400
Putting 𝑦 = 400 in (i), we get
6𝑥 + 2000 = 5600
⇒ 6𝑥 = 5600 − 2000 = 3600
⇒ 𝑥 = 600
Hence, CP of saree = ₹600 and list price of sweater = ₹400.

Page No 3.112:
Question 24: In a competitive examination, one mark is awarded for each
correct answer while 1/2 mark is deducted for every wrong answer.
Jayanti answered 120 questions and got 90 marks. How many questions

T IO S
did she answer correctly?

I
ANSWER:
NO A D
CO N
Let the number of correct answers be x and the number of wrong
A
answers be y.

PY
DO U A
Total questions Jayanthi answered = 120
T
ED PR

So, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 120 . . . (𝑖)

Now, marks obtained for answering correctly = 1 × 𝑥 = 𝑥
C

Marks deducted for answering incorrectly = 12 × 𝑦 = 𝑦 2

©

𝑦
Total marks obtained = 𝑥 − = 90 . . . (𝑖𝑖)
2

Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get

𝑦
𝑦 + = 30
2
3𝑦
⇒ = 30
2

⇒ 𝑦 = 20
Putting y = 20 in (i), we get
𝑥 + 20 = 120
⇒ 𝑥 = 100
Thus, Jayanti answered 100 questions correctly.

Page No 3.113:
Question 25: A shopkeeper gives books on rent for reading. She takes a
fixed charge for the first two days, and an additional charge for each day
thereafter. Latika paid ₹22 for a book kept for 6 days, while Anand paid
₹16 for the book kept for four days. Find the fixed charges and charge
for each extra day.

T IO S I
ANSWER:
NO A D
Let the fixed charge for first two days be ₹x and the additional charge

CO N
A
for each day extra be ₹y.

PY
DO U A
It is given that Latika kept the book for 6 days and paid ₹22.
T
ED PR

So,
Fixed charge for the first 2 days + Additional charge for 4 days = ₹22
C

∴ 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 22 . . . . . (𝑖)
©

Anand kept the book for 4 days and paid ₹16. So,
Fixed charge for the first 2 days + Additional charge for 2 days = ₹16
∴ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 16 . . . . . (𝑖𝑖)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
2𝑦 = 6
⇒ 𝑦 = 3
Putting y = 3 in (i), we get
𝑥 + 12 = 22
⇒ 𝑥 = 10
Thus, the fixed charge is ₹10 and the additional charge for each extra
day is ₹3.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (VSAQs)

Page No 3.113:
Question 1: Write the value of k for which the system of
equations x + y − 4 = 0 and 2x + ky − 3 = 0 has no solution.

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
The given system of equations is

CO N
A
𝑥+𝑦−4=0

PY
2𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 − 3 = 0
DO U A
T
𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏1 = 1, 𝑏2 = 𝑘, 𝑐1 = 4, 𝑐2 = 3 .
ED PR

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
For the equations to have no solutions = ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
C

1 1
©

=
2 𝑘

By cross multiplication we get,

1×𝑘 =1×2
𝑘=2
Hence, the value of k is 2 when system equations has no solution.

Page No 3.113:
Question 2: Write the value of k for which the system of equations has
infinitely many solutions.
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5
6𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 15
ANSWER:
The given systems of equations are
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5
6𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 15
𝑎1 = 2, 𝑎2 = 6, 𝑏1 = 1, 𝑏2 = 𝑘, 𝑐1 = 5, 𝑐2 = 15.
𝑎1 𝑏1

T IO S
=
𝑎2 𝑏2

I
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
NO A D
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions, = =

CO N
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
A
2 −1
=

PY
6 𝑘
DO U A

By cross Multiplication we get,

T
ED PR

2𝑘 = −6
−6
𝑘=
C

2
©

𝑘 = −3
Hence the value of k is −3 when equations has infinitely many
solutions.

Page No 3.114:
Question 3: Write the value of k for which the system of equations 3x −
2y = 0 and kx + 5y = 0 has infinitely may solutions.
ANSWER:
The given equations are
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝑘𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 0
𝑎1 3 𝑏1 −2 𝑐1 0
= , = , =
𝑎2 𝑘 𝑏2 5 𝑐2 0
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions, = =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

T IO S
Therefore,

I
𝑎1
NO A D
𝑏1

CO N
=
A
𝑎2 𝑏2
3 −2

PY
=
DO U A
𝑘 5
T
By cross multiplication we have
ED PR

3 × 5 = −2 × 𝑘
C

15 = −2𝑘
©

15
=𝑘
−2

Hence, the value of k for the system of equation 3 × −2𝑦 = 0 and 𝑘𝑥 +

−15
5𝑦 = 0 is .
2

Page No 3.114:
Question 4: Write the value of k for which the system of equations
x + ky = 0, 2x − y = 0 has unique solution.
ANSWER:
The given equations are
𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 0
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏1 = 𝑘, 𝑏2 = −1
𝑎1 1 𝑏1 𝑘
= , =
𝑎2 2 𝑏2 −1
𝑎1 𝑏1
For unique solution =
𝑎2 𝑏2

T IO S
−1 × 1 ≠ 2 × 𝑘

I
−1 ≠ 2𝑘NO A D
CO N
A
−1
≠𝑘

PY
2
DO U A
−1
T
For all real values of k, except 𝑘 = the equations have unique
ED PR

2
solutions.
C
©

Page No 3.114:
Question 5: Write the set of values of a and b for which the following
system of equations has infinitely many solutions.
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 28
ANSWER:
The given equations are
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0
2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 − 28 = 0
𝑎1 2 𝑏1 3 𝑐1 −7
= , = , =
𝑎2 2𝑎 𝑏2 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐2 −28
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Therefore
2 3 7
= =
2𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 28

Let us take
2 3
=

T IO S
2𝑎 𝑎+𝑏

I
2(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 2𝑎 × 3
NO A D
CO N
2𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 6𝑎
A
0 = 6𝑎 − 2𝑎 − 2𝑏

PY
DO U A

0 = 4𝑎 − 2𝑏
T
ED PR

3 7
=
𝑎+𝑏 28

28 × 3 = 7(𝑎 + 𝑏)
C
©

84 = 7𝑎 + 7𝑏
By dividing both the sides by 7 we get,
12 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 … (𝑖𝑖 )
By multiplying equations (𝑖𝑖) by 2 we get
24 = 2𝑎 + 2𝑏 … (𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
Substituting (𝑖𝑖𝑖) from (𝑖) we get
4𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 0
2𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 24
6𝑎 = 24
 24
𝑎=
6

𝑎=4
Subtracting 𝑎 = 4 in equation (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we have
24 = 2𝑎 + 2𝑏
24 = 2 × 4 + 2𝑏
24 = 8 + 2𝑏

T IO S
24 − 8 = 2𝑏

I
16 = 2𝑏
NO A D
CO N
16
A
=𝑏
2

PY
DO U A
8=𝑏
T
Hence, the value of 𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 8 when system of equations has infinity
ED PR

many solutions.
C
©

Page No 3.114:
Question 6: For what value of k, the following pair of linear equation
has infinitely many solutions?
10𝑥 + 5𝑦 − (𝑘 − 5) = 0
20𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 𝑘 = 0

ANSWER:
The given equations are
10𝑥 + 5𝑦 − (𝑘 − 5) = 0
20𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 𝑘 = 0
 𝑎1 10 𝑏1 5 𝑐1 𝑘−5
= , = , =
𝑎2 20 𝑏2 10 𝑐2 𝑘

For the equations to have infinite number of solutions

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Let us take
𝑏1 𝑐1
=
𝑏2 𝑐2

T IO S
5 𝑘−5
=
10 𝑘

I
NO A D
5 × 𝑘 = 10 × (𝑘 − 5)

CO N
A
5𝑘 = 10𝑘 − 50

PY
DO U A
50 = 10𝑘 − 5𝑘
T
50 = 5𝑘
ED PR

50
=𝑘
5
C

10 = 𝑘
©

Hence, the value of 𝑘 = 10 when the pair of linear equations has

infinitely many solutions.

Page No 3.114:
Question 7: Write the number of solution of the following pair of linear
equations:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 8 = 0
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 16
ANSWER:
The given equations are
 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 8 = 0
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 16 = 0
𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏1 = 2, 𝑏2 = 4, 𝑐1 = 8, 𝑐2 = 16
𝑎1 1 𝑏1 2 𝑐1 8
= ; = ; =
𝑎2 2 𝑏2 4 𝑐2 16
𝑎1 1 𝑏1 1 𝑐1 1
= ; = ; =
𝑎2 2 𝑏2 2 𝑐2 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =

T IO S
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

I
Every solution of the second equation is also a solution of the first
NO A D
equation.

CO N
A
Hence, there are 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞 − 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, the system equation is consistent.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Page No 3.114:
Question 8: Write the number of solutions of the following pair of
C

linear equations:
©

𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 7
ANSWER:
The given linear pair of equations are
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 7
𝑎1 = 1, 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐1 = 4, 𝑐2 = 7
𝑎1 1
=
𝑎2 2
𝑏1 3
=
𝑏2 6
𝑏1 1
=
𝑏2 2
𝑐1 4
=
𝑐2 7
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
If = ≠ then
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

𝑎1 𝑏2 = 𝑎2 𝑏1
𝑎1 𝑏2 − 𝑎2 𝑏1 = 0

T IO S
1×6−2×3=0

I
6−6=0
NO A D
CO N
Hence, the number of solutions of the pair of linear equation is 0.
A

PY
Therefore, the equations have no solution.
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
Page No 3.114:
Question 1: The value of k for which the system of equations has a
unique solution, is
𝑘𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
6𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
(a) =3
(b) ≠3

T IO S
(c) ≠0

I
(d) =0
NO A D
CO N
ANSWER:
A
The given system of equations is

PY
DO U A
𝑘𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
T
6𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
ED PR

𝑎1 𝑏1
C

≠ for unique solution

𝑎2 𝑏2
©

Here 𝑎1 = 𝑘, 𝑎2 = 6, 𝑏1 = −1, 𝑏2 = −2
𝑘 −1
≠
6 −2

By cross multiply we get

2𝑘 ≠ 6
6
𝑘≠
2

𝑘≠3
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑏.

Page No 3.114:
Question 2: The value of k for which the system, of equations has
infinite number of solutions, is

2x + 3y = 5
4x + ky = 10
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 6
(d) 0

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
The given system of equations is

CO N
A
2x + 3y = 5

PY
4x + ky = 10
DO U A

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
T
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions, = =
ED PR

𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here, 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑎2 = 4, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑏2 = 𝑘
C

2 3 5
Therefore = =
©

4 𝑘 10
𝑎1 𝑏1
By cross multiplication of = we get,
𝑎2 𝑏2
2 3
=
4 𝑘

2𝑘 = 12
12
𝑘=
2

𝑘=6
And
𝑏1 𝑐1
=
𝑏2 𝑐2
3 5
=
𝑘 10

30 = 5𝑘
30
=𝑘
5

6=𝑘
Therefore, the value of k is 6
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑐 .

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A
Page No 3.114:

PY
Question 3: The value of k for which the system of equations x + 2y − 3
DO U A
T
= 0 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 has no solution, is
ED PR

(a) 10
C

(b) 6
©

(c) 3
(d) 1
ANSWER:
The given system of equations is
x + 2y − 3 = 0
5x + ky + 7 = 0
For the equations to have no solutions,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
1 2 −3
= =
5 𝑘 7

If we take
𝑎1 𝑏1
=
𝑎2 𝑏2
1 2
=
5 𝑘

𝑘 = 10
Therefore, the value of k is10.
Hence, correct choice is 𝑎.

T IO S I
NO A D Page No 3.114:

CO N
A
Question 4: The value of k for which the system of equations 3x + 5y =

PY
0 and kx + 10y = 0 has non-zero solution, is
DO U A
T
ED PR

(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 6
C

(d) 8
©

ANSWER:
The given system of equations is,
3x + 5y = 0
kx + 10y = 0
Here, 𝑎1 = 3, 𝑎2 = 𝑘, 𝑏1 = 5, 𝑏2 = 10
𝑎1 𝑏1
= ≠0
𝑎2 𝑏2
3 5
= ≠0
𝑘 10

By cross multiply we get

30 = 5𝑘
30
=𝑘
5

6=𝑘
Therefore, the value of k is 6,
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑐.

T IO S I
Page No 3.114:
NO A D
CO N
Question 5: If the system of equations has infinitely many solutions,
A
then

PY
DO U A
T
2x + 3y = 7
ED PR

(a + b)x + (2a − b)y = 21

C

(a) a = 1, b = 5
©

(b) a = 5, b = 1
(c) a = −1, b = 5
(d) a = 5, b = −1
ANSWER:
The given systems of equations are
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + (2𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑦 = 21
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions, = =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑎2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏), 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑏2 = 2𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑐1 = 7, 𝑐2 = 21
2 3 7
= =
𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎−𝑏 21
 𝑎1 𝑏1
Let us take =
𝑎2 𝑏2
2 3
=
𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎−𝑏

By cross multiplication we get,

2(2𝑎 − 𝑏) = 3(𝑎 + 𝑏)
4𝑎 − 2𝑏 = 3𝑎 + 3𝑏
4𝑎 − 3𝑎 = 3𝑏 + 2𝑏

T IO S
𝑎 = 5𝑏 … (𝑖)

I
NO A D 𝑏1
=
𝑐1

CO N
Now take
𝑏2 𝑐2
A
3 71

PY
=
DO U A
2𝑎−𝑏 213
T
3 1
ED PR

=
2𝑎−𝑏 3

By cross multiplication we get,

C

3 × 3 = 1 × 2𝑎 − 𝑏
©

9 = 2𝑎 − 𝑏 … (𝑖𝑖 )
Substitute 𝑎 = 5𝑏 in the above equation
9 = 2 × 5𝑏 − 𝑏
9 = 10𝑏 − 𝑏
9 = 9𝑏
9
=𝑏
9

1=𝑏
Substitute 𝑏 = 1 in equation (𝑖) we get, 𝑎 = 5𝑏
𝑎 =5×1
𝑎=5
Therefore 𝑎 = 5 and 𝑏 = 1.
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑏.

Page No 3.114:

T IO S I
Question 6: If the system of equations is inconsistent, then k =
NO A D
CO N
A
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1

PY
(2𝑘 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑘 − 1)𝑦 = 2𝑘 + 1
DO U A
T
ED PR

(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) −1
C

(d) 2
©

ANSWER:
The given system of equations is inconsistent,
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1
(2𝑘 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑘 − 1)𝑦 = 2𝑘 + 1
If the system of equations is in consistent, we have
𝑎1 𝑏2 − 𝑎2 𝑏1 = 0
3 × (𝑘 − 1) − (2𝑘 − 1) = 0
3𝑘 − 3 − 2𝑘 + 1 = 0
1𝑘 − 2 = 0
1𝑘 = 2
Therefore, the value of k is 2.
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑑.

Page No 3.115:

T IO S I
Question 7: If 𝑎𝑚 ≠ 𝑏𝑙, then the system of equations
NO A D
CO N
A
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐

PY
𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 = 𝑛
DO U A

(a) has a unique solution

T
ED PR

(b) has no solution

(c) has infinitely many solutions
(d) may or may not have a solution
C
©

ANSWER:
Given 𝑎𝑚 ≠ 𝑏𝑙 the system of equations has
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 = 𝑛
𝑎1 𝑏1
We know that intersecting lines have unique solution ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

𝑎1 × 𝑏2 ≠ 𝑎2 × 𝑏1
Here 𝑎1 = 𝑎, 𝑎2 = 𝑙, 𝑏1 = 𝑏, 𝑏2 = 𝑚
𝑎 𝑏
≠
𝑙 𝑚

𝑎×𝑚 ≠𝑙×𝑏
Therefore, intersecting lines, have unique solution
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑎

Page No 3.115:
Question 8: If the system of equations has infinitely many solutions,
then

T IO S
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7

I
2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 28
NO A D
CO N
A
(a) a = 2b

PY
(b) b = 2a
DO U A
(c) a + 2b = 0
T
(d) 2a + b = 0
ED PR

ANSWER:
C

Given the system of equations are

©

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑦 = 28
For the equations to have infinite number of solutions,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

𝑎1 = 2, 𝑎2 = 2𝑎, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑏2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
2 3 7
= =
2𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 28

By cross multiplication we have

2 3
=
2𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
2(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 2𝑎(3)
2𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 6𝑎
2𝑏 = 6𝑎 − 2𝑎
2𝑏 = 4𝑎
Divide both sides by 2. we get 𝑏 = 2𝑎
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑏.

T IO S
Page No 3.115:

I
Question 9: The value of k for which the system of equations has no
solution isNO A D
CO N
A
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5

PY
3𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 + 15 = 0
DO U A
T
(a) 6
ED PR

(b) −6
(c) 3/2
C

(d) None of these

©

ANSWER:
The given system of equation is
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5
3𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 + 15 = 0
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
If = ≠ then the equation have no solution.
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
1 2 −5
= =
3 𝑘 15

By cross multiply we get

𝑘×1=3×2
𝑘=6
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑎.

Page No 3.115:
Question 10: If 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7 and (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3)𝑦 = 4𝑎 + 𝑏
represent coincident lines, then a and b satisfy the equation
(a) 𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 0
(b) 5𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0

T IO S
(c) 𝑎 − 5𝑏 = 0

I
NO A D
(d) 5𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0

CO N
A
ANSWER:

PY
DO U A
The given system of equations is
T
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
ED PR

(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3)𝑦 = 4𝑎 + 𝑏
C

For coincident lines, infinite number of solution

©

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
2 −3 7
⇒ (𝑎+𝑏) = =
−(𝑎+𝑏−3) 4𝑎+𝑏
2 3 7
⇒ (𝑎+𝑏) = (𝑎+𝑏−3) = (4𝑎+𝑏)

⇒ 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3) = 3(𝑎 + 𝑏)
⇒ 2𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 6 = 3𝑎 + 3𝑏
⇒ 2𝑎 + 2𝑏 − 3𝑎 − 3𝑏 = 6
⇒ −𝑎 − 𝑏 = 6
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = −6 − − − (𝑖)
3(4𝑎 + 𝑏) = 7(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 3)
⇒ 12𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 7𝑎 + 7𝑏 − 21
⇒ 5𝑎 − 4𝑏 = −21 − − − (𝑖𝑖)
multiply equation (𝑖)by 5, we get 5𝑎 + 5𝑏 = −30 − − − (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
subtract (𝑖𝑖)from (𝑖𝑖𝑖),
(5𝑎 + 5𝑏) − (5𝑎 − 4𝑏) = −30 + 21

T IO S I
⇒ 5𝑎 + 5𝑏 − 5𝑎 + 4𝑏 = −9
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 9𝑏 = −9
A
⇒ 𝑏 = −1

PY
DO U A

substitute 𝑏 = −1 in equation (1)𝑎 + (−1) = −6

T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑎 = −6 + 1 = −5
Option A.:
C
©

𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 0
−5 + 5(−1) = −5 − 5 = −10 ≠ 0
Option B:
5𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0
5(−5) + (−1) = −25 − 1 = −26 ≠ 0

Option. C:
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0
−5 − (−1) = −4 ≠ 0
None of the option satisfies the values.
 Page No 3.115:
Question 11: If a pair of linear equations in two variables is consistent,
then the lines represented by two equations are
(a) intersecting
(b) parallel
(c) always coincident
(d) intersecting or coincident

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
If a pair of linear equations in two variables is consistent, then its solution

CO N
exists.
A
∴The lines represented by the equations are either intersecting or

PY
DO U A
coincident.
T
ED PR

Hence, correct choice is 𝑑.

C

Page No 3.115:
©

𝑥 𝑦
Question 12: The area of the triangle formed by the line + = 1 with
𝑎 𝑏
the coordinate axes is

(a) ab
(b) 2ab
1
(c) 𝑎𝑏
2
1
(d) 𝑎𝑏
4

ANSWER:
𝑥 𝑦
Given the area of the triangle formed by the line + = 1
𝑎 𝑏
 𝑥 𝑦
If in the equation + = 1 either A and B approaches infinity, The line
𝑎 𝑏
become parallel to either x axis or y axis respectively,
Therefore
𝑥 = 𝑎;
𝑦 = 𝑏;
1
Area of triangle = × 𝑥 × 𝑦
2

T IO S
1
= ×𝑎×𝑏
2

I
NO A D
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑐.

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Page No 3.115:
T
Question 13: The area of the triangle formed by the lines y = x, x = 6
ED PR

and y = 0 is
C

(a) 36 sq. units

©

(b) 18 sq. units

(c) 9 sq. units
(d) 72 sq. units
ANSWER:
Given 𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 = 𝑦
We have plotting points as (6,0)(0,0)(6,0) when 𝑥 = 𝑦
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
1 1
Therefore, area of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 = (𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) = (𝐶𝐴 × 𝐴𝐵) =
DO U A
2 2
1 1
T
(6 × 6) = × 36 = 18
ED PR

2 2

Area of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is 18 square units

C

Hence, the correct choice is 𝑏.

©

Page No 3.115:
Question 14: If the system of equations 2x + 3y = 5, 4x + ky = 10 has
infinitely many solutions, then k =

(a) 1
(b) ½
(c) 3
(d) 6
ANSWER:
The given system of equations
2x + 3y = 5
4x + ky = 10
𝑎1 2 𝑏1 3 𝑐1 5
= , = , =
𝑎2 4 𝑏2 𝑘 𝑐2 10

For the equations to have infinite number of solutions

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
2 3 5
= =

T IO S
4 𝑘 10

I
If we take
NO A D
CO N
2 3
=
A
4 4

PY
2𝑘 = 12
DO U A

12
T
𝑘=
ED PR

𝑘=6
C

And
©

3 5
=
𝑘 10

30 = 5𝑘
30
=𝑘
5

6=𝑘
Therefore, the value of k is 6.
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑑.

Page No 3.115:
Question 15: If the system of equations kx − 5y = 2, 6x + 2y = 7 has no
solution, then k =

(a) −10
(b) −5
(c) −6
(d) −15
ANSWER:

T IO S
The given systems of equations are

I
kx − 5y = 2
NO A D
CO N
6x + 2y = 7
A

PY
DO U A
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
T
If = ≠
ED PR

𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Here 𝑎1 = 𝑘, 𝑎2 = 6, 𝑏1 = −5, 𝑏2 = 2
C

𝑘 −5
=
©

6 2

2𝑘 = −30
−30
𝑘=
2

𝑘 = −15
Hence, the correct choice is 𝑑.

Page No 3.115:
Question 16: The area of the triangle formed by the lines x = 3, y = 4
and x = y is

(a) ½ sq. unit

(b) 1 sq. unit
(c) 2 sq. unit
(d) None of these
ANSWER:
Given 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 4 and 𝑥 = 𝑦
We have plotting points as (3,4)(3,3)(4,4) when 𝑥 = 𝑦

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

1 1
Therefore, area of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 = (𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) = (𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 ) =
2 2
1 1
(1 × 1) =
2 2
1
Area of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is square units
2

Hence, the correct choice is 𝑎

 Page No 3.115:
Question 17: The area of the triangle formed by the lines 2x + 3y =
12, x − y − 1 = 0 and x = 0 (as shown in Fig. 3.23), is

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©

(a) 7 sq. units

(b) 7.5 sq. units
(c) 6.5 sq. units
(d) 6 sq. units
ANSWER:
Given 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 12, 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0 and 𝑥 = 0
If 𝑥 = 0 We have plotting points as 𝐷(0, −1)𝐵(0,4)𝑃(3,2)
 T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C

1 1
Therefore, area of cBPD = (𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) = (𝐵𝑃 × 𝑃𝑀) =
©

2 2
1 1
(5 × 3) = (15) = 7.5
2 2

Area of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is 7.5 square units

Hence, the correct choice is 𝑏

Page No 3.116:
Question 18: The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. If 27 is
added to it, the digits of the number get reversed. th number is
(a) 25 (b) 72 (c) 63 (d) 36
ANSWER:
Let the digits at the tens and the ones place be x and y, respectively. So,
the two digit number is 10x + y.
Now,
x+y=9 .....(i)
Also,
10x + y + 27 = 10y + x
⇒ 9x − 9y = −27
⇒ x − y = −3 .....(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get

T IO S
2x = 6

I
⇒x=3
NO A D
Putting x = 3 in (i), we get

CO N
A
3+y=9
⇒y=6

PY
DO U A
Thus, the required number is 10 × 3 + 6 = 36.
T
ED PR

Hence, the correct answer is option (d).

C
©

Page No 3.116:
Question 19: If 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 𝑏 is the solution of the systems of equations
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 , then the values of a and b are, respectively
(a) 3 and 1 (b) 3 and 5 (c) 5 and 3 (d) − 1 and −3
ANSWER:
The given equations are
𝑥−𝑦 =2 . . . . . (1)
𝑥+𝑦 =4 . . . . . (2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get
2x = 6
⇒x=3
Putting x = 3 in (1), we get
3+y=4
⇒y=1
So, x = a = 3 and y = b = 1.
Thus, the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 are 3 and 1, respectively.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Page No 3.116:
A
Question 20: For what value k, do the equations 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 8 = 0 and

PY
DO U A
6𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 + 16 = 0 reperesent coincident lines ?
T
1 −1
ED PR

(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) − 2

2 2

ANSWER:
C

The given system of equations is

©

3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 8 = 0
6𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 + 16 = 0
We know that the lines
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0
are coincident iff
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
3 −1 8
∴ = =
6 −𝑘 16
 1 1 1
⇒ = =
2 𝑘 2

⇒𝑘=2
Thus, the value of k = 2.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

Page No 3.116:

T IO S
Question 21: Aruna has only ₹1 and ₹2 coins with her. If the total number
of coins that she has is 50 and the amount of money with her is ₹75, then

I
NO A D
the number of ₹1 and ₹2 coins are, respectively

CO N
A
(a) 35 and 15 (b) 35 and 20 (c) 15 and 35 (d) 25 and 25

PY
DO U A
ANSWER:
T
Let the number of ₹1 coins be x and that of ₹2 coins be y.
ED PR

Now,
C

Total number of coins = 50

©

So, x + y = 50 ......(i)
Also,
₹1 × 𝑥 + ₹2 × 𝑦 = ₹75
∴ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 75 ......(ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
y = 25
Putting y = 25 in (i), we get
x + 25 = 50
⇒ x = 25
So, the number of ₹1 coins and ₹2 coins are 25 and 25, respectively.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
Disclaimer: The answer given in the book does not match with the one
obtained.

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©