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THE UNSUSTAINABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

By Name

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Introduction

The building and construction sector results in almost 30-40% of the worldwide last power

application and the release of power-related carbon (iv) dioxide (CO2). Buildings may play a

major role in the reduction of the effects it has on the surrounding, hence aiding in the reduction

of climate variation impacts. Planning and drawing power-green structures that are biddable with

sustainable pattern rules and green structures codes (GSCs) can be a helpful move to solving

such problems1.

Considering the growth in the common desires and concerns about factors concerning the

environment, the need to control pollution and power use, and the diversion to the consumption

of different energy types, a bigger range of types for rating buildings plus levels of green

buildings have been advanced to current times around the world. The techniques show several

morals and priorities made by the community so that they can scrutinize and evaluate the effects

of the planned and available environmental forecast.

Opposed to the backdrop of a growth in eco-conscious inhabitants- not to discuss media -

promoted paranoia over global warming where there is a bigger consensus along the architectural

profession that the heavenly increase in the use of the term ''sustainability'' is unsustainable.

Sometimes this word was important and in vogue, but it first emerged as an overused word. This

term is all-encompassed and is associated with all aspects of architecture like social, economic,

and environmental whose effects have been diluted above recognition2. The opening statement in

the introduction of Paidon’s extensive Vitamin Green succinctly adds up the issue: ''What is

1
Capeluto, Isaac Guedi. "The Unsustainable Direction of Green Building Codes: A Critical Look at the Future of
Green Architecture."
2
Farhan, Sabeeh Lafta, Ihsan Abbass Jasim Hashim, and Ahmed Adel Naji. "The sustainable house: Comparative
analysis of houses in Al Kut Neighborhoods-Iraq."
 3

sustainable design? It's a belief that is everywhere but non-seems to know what exactly it

means."

Due to the misuse of the terminology, the use of sustainability is no longer useful when

discussing better developments. Several people think that when a building is composed of well-

developed eco-energetic tools it should be considered sustainable, even if it remains in an

unendurable urban condition; however much such technological advancement is produced about

2999.5 kilometers from the building area; and also, life development evaluation of the

requirements used does not conform to the global environmental standards3.

Unsustainability of Sustainable Architecture

European society increases the use of photovoltaic devices, and solar panels on constructed

buildings, and even on already cultivated land. Since then, no country has had a well-elaborated

plan for the storing and disposal of solar panels once there is a need to replace them, this results

in leaving a bad history to the next generation without producing enough energy. The industrial

material lobbyists are responsible for the subsidies and the ecological rules. We should consider

whether these policies are sustainable or not.

Recently, there have been several inappropriate projects for skyscrapers which comprised an

unsustainable and energy-starved house receiving different awards and prizes as sustainable

projects. Furthermore, the architectural magazines which are facilitated by the construction

industry contain strange projects presented as sustainable and green4. The main aim of all this is

to confuse the general public rather than make sustainable places real for living.

3
De Gregorio, Stefania, Giulia Di Domenico, and Pierluigi De Berardinis. "Sustainable Architecture in Developing
Countries: Harvest Map of the Lusaka Territory, Zambia."
4
Grover, Robert, Stephen Emmitt, and Alex Copping. "Critical learning for sustainable architecture: Opportunities
for design studio pedagogy."
 4

One of the strongest views of numerous architects, mostly the star architects believe that if their

renderings on the desktop screen display a vertical meadow' or a vertical forest’ (similar to those

celebrated skyscrapers found in Milan whose trees have dried up) on their houses then plants do

not need roots. What makes nature to be so insensitive to stop certain projects from working? In

case trees and grass die, we should not blame the architects rather it is nature that does not

support the climate/ atmosphere.

Case illustration

The initial design idea and aims of Sydney Olympics Games was to turn out to be Green Games.

Environmental considerations were integrated into the bid process which were later developed

into design and construction environmental guidelines. The opportunity to generate Green

Games in this project was not properly grasped even though there were certain achievements

including water and energy conservation5.

Integration of sustainability in the erratic architectural, social and economic norms marked the

Sydney Olympics hallmark approach to Ecologically Sustainable Design, ESD. ESD was

integrated into the project in such a manner it turned out too marginal in the procurement

process. As such the bigger picture either completely ignored or made just limited attempts

towards ESD, while further at the bottom every contractor became answerable to the stipulated

environmental guidelines.

The Hargreaves Master Plan that was generated of the project was extensively praised by critics

of the architecture to be an aesthetically appealing solution unifying all the other bigger

elements. The aesthetic unity nevertheless was linked with enormous environmental costs

5
Vosloo, Christo. "Early sustainable architecture in hanging skyscrapers–A comparison of two financial office
buildings."
 5

including energy and material inputs into what was deemed as the largest paving task in

Australia. The Concept Master Plan was taken through some retrofitting strategies for mitigation

of some of the challenges6. Among the strategies including an increase in the number of fig trees

along the street of Boulevard and introduction of porous paving about the plantings for reduction

of run-off besides eliminating the need for irrigation. Making major changes was however

impossible as the same would result in loss of the Master Plan’s integrity for the uncluttered

open space.

Over the twentieth century, construction ways in more developed continents became increasingly

monitored and the way in the 1990s, after the Rio Earth Meeting. The ecologically sustainable

advancements got summed onto other planning necessities. These include the lesser power

efficiency performance needs, storm water is maintained and prevented from entering the site in

new improvements to reduce effects on the natural water, and the management of waste products

and many plans of several types of checklists concerning power, water, tools, land and building

issues to be finalized as part of preparing positive developments7.

Mostly there if fewer architects who have a wider standing involvement in various sustainable

types and they always work towards being rich. They mostly work for wealthy employers on

projects such as building houses in high-quality natural environments which later get captured in

the daily magazines and later receive prizes8. The joint force from the enforcement officers and

guidelines for more than one decade within the architecture industry, also the increased public

interest in environmental humiliation has explained that several things are constructed today to

be sustainable.

6
Salihoğlu, Turgay. "Importance of porch in Mediterranean architecture."
7
Eili, Jahangir. "The Importance Of Sustainable Development With Ecological Design And Architecture."
8
Speedie, Claire, and Mark Mulville. "Educational Buildings as Educational Buildings: Can sustainable architecture
help support sustainability in the curriculum?
 6

There are many ways to depict what is sustainable architecture. Or sustainable properties are

evolving into mainstream architecture, in line with fewer projects claiming to be sustainable in

their totality. Sustainability mSostly occurs at the magnitude of connotation as signs and displays

connected to various particulars. Rainwater storage tanks, untreated timbers, windmills, and

small artificial wetlands indicate sustainability mostly in the competition of construction and

display to employers9.

On the other hand, there are several new less effective technological advancements and design

means that cannot be seen and are unable to show themselves as sustainable and thus not calling

for any attention. This is mostly the case in several works of engineers that are deeply in

achieving positive benefits in power reduction and good use of water. Today the ESD program

has resulted in improvement in environmental operations to the architectural and construction

status quo. The failure of commitment is the major reason why we are not seeing a positive

change. The sustainability motions are not being taken with adequate seriousness by several

educated members either at the levels where they practice the policies and regulations.

An analogy has been developed among the willingness of businesses and the state to use billions

of dollars to secure against the Y2K and not being local when the threat declines to eventuate, in

comparison to the undesired of similar decision enactors to invest in controls to insure over the

spectra of worldwide warming and several other upcoming environmental problems10.

Sustainability always gets into the picture as a predicted agenda which mostly determines and

undermines it.

Aesthetic limiting sustainability

9
Røstvik, Harald N. "Sustainable Architecture—What’s Next?."
10
Sharma, Anuj Kumar, and Megha Yadav. "Sustainability in Architecture: Dynamic Buildings,“The Future of
India”
 7

Aestheticized models of the physical surrounding are mostly the inspiration for greenhouses.

Hence the exposed necked timber of an ecotourism visitors' market can also be the bigger story

office block composed of a filled atrium. Within themselves, such treatments are not issued but

only when the sustainability of what is constructed begins and ends with such particulars. Some

few declare certain cultural beliefs and practices as structurally unsustainable or can reject jobs

on this claim11.

The contradictions never depict the numerous volumes of greenhouse gas emissions that are

produced by the flying tourists into the local places where they mostly positively recommend

wild nature, their very moves, and motives resulting in the death of the animals they always

admire. It is always considered engineers that the major activities done in the natural

environment are always directed towards the enlargement of unsustainable used-based society.

Engineers always dwell on the natural factors which refers to the sustainability of the cultural

and social gets contact. Comparing sustainability with natural settings is only a single instance of

a much bigger pressure that stands in the mode of architecture becoming a path for promoting

sustainability. This is always the belief that architectural engineers are primarily an aesthetic

means by which all factors have been considered.

This is where we always meet the cultivated recoil from several technological advancements.

The rainwater storage tank and the hot water from the solar panels would spoil and brake the

clean linear aesthetic were fighting to achieve. This makes an absolute involvement in a single

building and requests the engineers to do what they can to make it power efficient. Sustainability

is something to be dealt with by nondestructive technological advancements12.

11
Armstrong, Rachel. "Towards the microbial home: An overview of developments in next‐generation sustainable
architecture."
12
Eili, Jahangir. "The Importance Of Sustainable Development With Ecological Design And Architecture."
 8

When these issues and regulations such as reducing materials similar to making for completion

of life requirements recovery invaders as provoking mundane guidelines. Such needs are

considered as disadvantages. The final thing you need to consider is the completion of

constructing life when you've spent so much thinking coming up with a different building that

will bring a unique statement in its place. Mostly monumentalism is a simple target identified

here to make a point, which is also at its low-key, secured, and minimal appearances that the

aesthetic predisposition will be just as attractive and dismissive concerning sustainability.

The illustrations presented by Vitamin Green depict exemplary ranges of typologies, scales,

geographic locations as well as climatic conditions. A Forest for a Moon Dazzler, an

aesthetically appealing pragmatic structure, noted at the end of the list as designed by Benjamin

Garcia Saxe is a typical illustration of how aesthetics can be integrated to merge with

sustainability. The sketches presented by the architect depict a comprehensively and carefully

considered approaches to water management, passive shading.

In as much as the material pallet which is mainly bamboo and the method of construction tends

to be low technology, the resultant residence is dominated with sustainable details13. Whole these

concepts have been researched upon by numerous architects across the globe, the Moon Dazzler

residence demonstrates how stylish aesthetics should be not being disregarded in spite of

sustainable requirements and fixed budget construction14.

13
Cucuzzella, Carmela. "Sustainable architecture as facticity, perception, and potential."
14
Omopariola, Emmanuel Dele, Oludolapo Ibrahim Olanrewaju, Idowu Albert, Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke, and
Sunday Bankayode Ibiyemi. "Sustainable construction in the Nigerian construction industry: unsustainable
practices, barriers and strategies."
 9

Shortage of material resources and exploitation

The construction industry is one sector noted to be a large consumer of material and energy

resources with the demand for these resources ever on the rise with the increase in human

population. In the USA for instance, the amount of material and energy resources consumed only

declines in case of a crisis15. The impacts of globalization further acts to aid in accelerating the

rate of depletion of resources. In the last two decades, the global market has expanded to the tune

of thrice even as the population has grown by more than 30% within the same period. The levels

of carbon dioxide have risen by more than 30% during the industrial revolution era and such

depict the highest levels for the last 160 millennia.

Economic activities do not in any way aid sustainability as the market model enhanced

individualism as opposed to collective values alongside equitable distribution. Globalization is

due to countries having less in their ecological footprint and require more cultivated earth from

the other nations for meeting their need16s. Such resources are extracted, processed and

15
Tamur, Zhindar Hussein. "The Effect of Incorporating Features of Sustainable Architecture in Primary Schools in
Duhok, Northern Iraq
16
Yalman, Onur Lami. "Ideology of sustainable architecture: A critique."
 10

transported by multinationals in most cases and change in numerous parts of the globe with the

intention of saving on costs. The developed countries that adopt neoliberal economy.

Challenges of economic system

The prevailing economic system is pegged on pendulum like motion. Any decline in the demand

or even a crack would see the economic process revert back to the initial condition. As such

everything tends to be reversible in the current economic system. The basic trend, based on this

principle, is often a constant flow between consumption and production, not considering the

impacts of the external factors. If this economic model itself degrade nature, globalization shall

permit degradation acceleration17. Globalization seeks an increase in competitive advantages and

productivity offering better mass consumption conditions even though not precisely focusing on

meeting the actual needs. Still, such globalization fails to ensure natural system integrity and

auto-generation.

Such competitive advantages are due to a sophisticated transport besides fabrication logistics.

The capitalism render nature to have some market value attached to it. As such nature may be

bought and the owner use it in meeting any needs he deems fit for him using the natural

resources found within his territory. In theory, as individual pursue profit, higher quantity of

money would translate to higher levels of satisfaction of individual needs. The USA, for

instance, has almost 30% of the global cars and there are more particular cars today in

comparison with driving licenses18.

Wealth results in more consumption which in turn lead to higher production of materials and

hence the need for more extraction of natural resources from nature. Marketing promotes high
17
Radaei, Mahshid. "Develop a Conceptual Model of the Principles and Criteria of Green Architecture Based on the
Evolution of Environmental Thinking."
18
Wheeler, Andrea. "Non-Stop to The Moon? Earthships and Spaceships."
 11

consumption and dictates to the consumes to meet their needs with the newly extracted and

manufactured products that they in most cases never need. All this consumption leads to an

increase in the ecological footprint19. The planet as things stand does not even have enough

satisfy the needs of all human beings; there would be need to have about 5 planets to meet and

sustain the human occidental way of life.

Unlocking sustainable architecture

In as much as the presented illustrations have been selected for demonstrating the deficiencies of

what is claimed to be sustainable design and architecture alongside other less challenging

illustrations could have been selected, an assertion is made that the challenges manifested are not

specific to the listed cases only. Three major concern areas have been noted:

 Policies and regulations that are due to uncritical accretion as opposed to rigorous

thinking of the basics

 Erroneous assumptions that it is possible to achieve sustainability through add-on

technologies, displayed symbolically20

 The aesthetic agenda which is so much embedded into architectural sensibilities and

which serve to push sustainability issues to one side or depicts the same with regard to

the built form as an image

Prior to the IV CIAM Congress, numerous and great achievements had been attained with regard

to social equity, urbanism, environment and economy among others. The cities, during the period

which is mainly linked with great philanthropy and development, grew with utmost respect for

places and human beings, with the integration of private interests. When this balance was lost

19
Crucq, A. K. C., and J. Warda. "Sustainable architecture: meditations on new repertoires of forms."
20
Campbell, Alex. "Sustainability Taking Flight."
 12

through offering excess significance to private interests, the planet seemed to have been turned

upside down21.

The system requires resetting if there are intentions to have the world produce habitable places

and accord the ecosystem the respect it deserves. New personnel, gurus or even inventors of new

solutions are not needed for any non-existent problems. Instead, only the existing problems need

to be solved and addressed using the criterion that already has proved their value. Placing man

and respect for nature as well as the planet at the focal point of the solution process presents a

necessity. Any of parameters cannot be excluded when attempting to achieve sustainable urban

development.

To solve the already existing problems, architecture has to be identified as a mean of creation of

sustainability. This is present as a substitute for sustainable architecture. This is due to the fact

that it is just by subsumption of architecture to sustainability production meaning changing the

prevailing situation where sustainability has been subsumed to architecture, that the type of shift

which can result in substantial changes can take place22. The kinds of concerns for instance

remade or unmade designer would seek answers to when beginning a project would include:

 What needs to be sustained by the intended built form?

This concern opens up concerns of the types of activities a built form would be supporting for

instance sporting facilities would support spectatorship, performance and setting up screens. The

question as well opens up to the way the design of the built form may align the users towards

21
Umar, Muhammad Zakaria, Muhammad Arsyad, Santi Santi, and Arman Faslih. "Principles Of Sustainable
Architecture In The Production Of Bamboo Woven Wall Materials (Dendrocalamus Asper)."
22
li, Dauda, and Shitufa Hamidu. "Green Architecture: Pathway to Sustainability In The Built Environment
 13

specific behavior modes, energy use. Resource use and habits among others23. To effective

respond to this question, a designer needs some elevation and description.

 Is sustainability being achieved in what is meant to be sustainable?

This question tends to be more challenging since it calls for making judgement. The answer as to

whether what is intended to be sustained is in the actual sense sustainable will in most cases be

either partly yes or completely no. This is not any unique as the fundamentally premises of the

telos of the last twenty years of economic progress.

With the negative response, the integral thing is to agree and acknowledge how unsustainable the

project is and then grasp that continuing with the project in its current status would serve to

worsen the situation, sustaining the unsustainable, while at best, conducting an impact mitigation

undertaking that is permissible24. It is nevertheless not permissible that impact mitigation be

deemed to be sustainable design. Claiming extravagantly that minor reduction measures amount

to substantial green achievements is just but likely to ignite cynicism among the design team and

finally result in public incredulity. If a project is, on the other hand, judged to be just partially

sustainable, the design focus need to be towards attempting to enhance the nascent sustainable

components of the undertaking.

Linking a built form with what is to be sustained entails shifting the focus of the design from a

building as a finished product to a process or even processes integrating what is being housed as

well as supported and the way it will relate with the other processes. This will make it be seen as

an intersection node of flows of materials, services, people or even information alongside other

23
Daugelaite, Aurelija, and Indre Grazuleviciute-Vileniske. "The Relationship between Ethics and Aesthetics in
Sustainable Architecture of the Baltic Sea Region."
24
Iranfar, Maryam, and Hourakhsh Ahmad Nia. "The Aesthetic Evaluation in Sustainable Architecture through
Ethics to reach Well-being: Maslow’s Hierarchy as a Tool."
 14

living things25. Sustainability itself as well needs to be perceived in terms of a process, as the

capability of sustaining what sustains, at that overarching the link between biophysical,

sociocultural, made materiality and symbolic.

Treating sustainability as a process as opposed to a fixed property or even an endpoint as well

insinuates looking at it as an ability of changing with changing circumstances. It defines

detaining a sense of what should be conserved, what is worth sustaining and what is not.

Sustainability entails continuity, active meaning movement. It can nevertheless mean conserving

for the future- conservation of water supplies26.

Conclusion

It is noted in this analysis that material and energy resources are among the resources recording

higher rates of exploitation in the construction industry. Aggregates are a major use material

resources in building construction and are often encountered easily even though metals tend to be

more concentrated. The manufacture and construction of these products result in the production

of wastes besides transportation releasing carbon dioxide and might result into pollution. The

earth tends to be a finite system and as such the economic system is pegged on perpetual growth

in the finite system. There is need for more policies and standards for reducing the environmental

effects of construction and the construction industry.

Recycling and materials reuse presents one of the ways of preservation of material resources and

reducing the levels of wastage. Reuse of old materials presents ones of the best options as energy

is saved and due to the fact that it increases the lifecycle of the material. Recycling needs more

energy in comparison with reuse as recycling adopts industrial processes for transformation of
25
Middleton, Luke. "Mainstreaming Real Sustainability in Architecture."
26
Armstrong, Rachel. "Towards the microbial home: An overview of developments in next‐generation sustainable
architecture."
 15

the aged materials into new materials. Materials including concrete and masonry nevertheless do

not have recycles and instead down cycles as such it is impossible to remanufacture such

products.

This same principle is applicable to compound materials owing to the challenge of maintaining

high quality in distinct layers. Such materials do not serve as industrial or biological nutrients.

Human population is project to grow in the future and as such a rise in the demand for energy,

housing and materials. The demand for resources will as well rise assuming the parameters used

today are maintained. Most of the buildings deemed sustainable are constructed from virgin

materials and to a great extent nearly the same materials as the conventional buildings. As such

the architecture made in the current construction industry falls short of meeting the standards of

sustainability. The large volumes of resources consumed and wastes generated are perfect

illustrations of unsustainability.

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Victoria University of Wellington, 2020

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 17

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