ENCYCLOPEDIA

OF
TAEKWON-DO

GEN. CHOI HONG HI

VOLUME IV
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
( Mokcha)

TENETS OF TAEKWON-00 (TAEKWON-DO

JUNGSHIN) . . . . . . . 10
EXPLANATION OF TENETS . 12
FOOT TECHN IQUES (BAL GISOOL) • 18
A. Attack Techniques (Gong Gyok G!) • 19
High Kick (Nopunde Chag!) 20
Middle Kick (Kaunde Chagi) . . . 22
Low Kick (najunde Chagi) . . . . 22
Piercing Kick (Cha Jirugi) . . . . 25
Side Piercing Kick ( Yopcha Jirugi) 25
Back Piercing Kick (Dwitcha jirugi) • 34
Back Pushing Kick (Dwitcha Milgi) 34
Side Thrusting Kick (Yopcha Tu/gi) 36
Side Pushing Kick ( Yopcha Mi!gi) ' 38
Smashing Kick (Cha Busigi) . . . 40
Front Snap Kick (Apcha Busigi) . . ' 41
Side Front Snap Kick (Yobap Cha Busigi) ' 54
Back Snap Kick (Dwi tcha Busigi) ' 56
Stamping Kick (Cha Bapgi) . . . . 57
Turning Kick (Dollvo Chagi) . . . . 58
Side Turning Kick ( Yop Oollyo Chagi) . 65
Donward Kick (Naeryo Chagi) . . . ' 66
Pick-Shape Kick (Gok-Kaeng -i Chagi) . 67
Upward Kick (01/yo Chagi) . . . . . 69
Reverse Turning Kick (Bandae Dollyo Chagi) . 70
Reverse Hooking Kick (Bandae Dollyo Goro
Chag1) . . . . . . . . . . 72
Twisting Kick (Bitro Chagi) • . 74
Vertical Kick (Sewo Chagi) . 78
 Pressing Kick (Noollo Chagi) • • . 80
Sweeping Kick (Suroh Chagi) . 83
Grasping Kick (Butjapgo Chagi) • . 85
Straight Kick (Jigeau Chagi) . . • . 87
Punching Kick (Jirumyo Chagi) . 88
Counter Kick (Bada Chagi) . 93
Foot Tackling (Bal Golgi) . . . . 97
Skip Kick (Duro Gamyo Chagi) . 99
Two Direction Kick (Sangbang Chagi) 101
Consecutive Kick (Yonsok Chagi) 102
Direction of Kick ( Chan Bang Hyang) 104
Flying Kick (Twimyo Chagi) . . . . . 109
M id-Air Kick (Twio Dolmyo Chagi) . . 128
Overhead Kick (Twio Nomo Chagi) 130
Flying Sissor-Shape Kick ( Twimyo Kawil
Chagi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Flying Trapezoid Punching- Kick ( Twimyo .
Jirumyo Chagi) . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Flying U-Shape Punching -Side Kick ( Twio
Digutja Jirumyo Yop Chagi) . . . . . . . . 141
Flying Double Kick (Twimyo 1-jung Chagi) . . 146
Flying Triple Kick ( Twimyo Samjung Chagi) 149
Flying Consecutive Kick (Twimyo Yonsok
Chagi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Flying Combination Kick (Twimyo Honap
Chagi) . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

B. Defence Techniques (Bang Eau-gi) 163

Rising Kick (Cha 01/igi) . . . 163
Cresent Kick (Bandal Chagi) . • 168
Waving Kick (Doro Chagi) 174
Checking Kick {Cha Munchugi) 176
Hooking Kick (Golcho Chagi) . 180
Dodging (Phihagi) . . . . 183
Foot Shifting (Jajun Bat) . 184
 Stepping (Omgyo Didigi) 202
Sliding (Mikutgi) . . . . 274
Turning (Dolgi) . . . . • • 281
Jumping (Twig/) . . . . 314
Body Dropping (Mom Nachugi) 316
Foot Lifting (Bat Dutgi) . . . . . 318

C. Ground Foot Techniques (Noowo Bat Gisool) 319

Appendix 332
Index . . • 335
Synopsis 336

•
 •
Jl

T""k~·on·llo In Korean ('haradcr

8
_ er.

GEN. CHOI HONG HI

President

International Taekwon - Do Federation

 THE TENETS OF TAEKWON-00
( Taekwon - Do Jungshin)

TAEKWON -00 AIMS TO ACHIEVE

Courtesy (Ye Ui)

Integrity (Yam Chi)
Perseverance (In Nae)
Self -Control (Guk Gi)
Indomitable Spirit (Baekjul Boolgool)

10
s

11
 EXPLANATION OF TENETS

Needless to say. the success or failure of Taekwon -Do tra ining depends
largely on how one observes and implements the tenets of Taekwon - Do which
should serve as a guide for all serious students of the art.

COURTESY ( Ye Ui)
Taekwon -Do students should attempt to practise the following elements
of courtesy to build up their noble character and to conduct the training in an
orderly manner as well.

1) To promote the spirit of mutual concessions

2) To be ashamed of one's vices, contempting those of others
3) To be polite to one another
4) To encourage the sense of justice and humanity
5) To distinguish instructor from student. senior from junior. and elder
from younger
6) To behave oneself according to etiquette
7) To respect others' possesions
8) To handle matters with fairness and sincerity
9) To refrain from giving or accepting any gilt w hen in doubt

12
INTEGRITY (Yom Chi)

In Taekwon-Do, the word integrity assumes a looser definition than the

one usually presented in Webster's d ictionary. One must be able to define right
and wrong, and have the conscience. if wrong, to feel guilt. Listed are some
examples. where integ rity is lacking:
1. The instructor who misrepresents himself and his art by presenting
improper techniques to his students because of a lack of knowledge or
apathy.
2. The student who misrepresents himself by " fixing" breaki ng materials
before dem onstrations.
3. The instructor who camouflages bad techniques with luxurious
training halls and false fl attery to his students.
4. The student who requests rank from an instructor. or attempts to
purc hase it.
5. The student who gains rank for ego purposes or the feeling of power.
6. The instructor that teaches and promotes his art for materialistic gains.
7. The student whose actions do not live up the word s.
8. The student w ho feels ashamed to seek opinions from his juniors.

PERSEVERANCE (In Nae)

There is an old Oriental saying, " Patience leads to virtue or merit" "One
can make a peaceful home by being patient for 100 times." Certainly,
happiness and prosperity are most likely broug ht to the patient person. To
achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection of a
technique. one must set his goal, then constantly persevere. Robert Bruce
learned his lesson of perseverance from the persistant efforts of a lowly spider.
it was this perseverence and tenacity that finally enabled him to free Scotland
in the fourteenth century. One of the most important secrets in becoming a
leader of Taekwon- Do is to overcome ev ery d iff iculty by perseverance.
Confucious said; " one who is impatiem in trivial ma tters can seldom
achieve success in matters of great importance.··

13
SELF-CONTROL (Guk Gi)

This tenet is extremely important inside and

outside the do jang. whether conducting oneself in
free sparring or in one's personal affairs. A loss of self- •
control In free sparring can prove disasterous to both
student and opponent. An inability to live and work
within one's capability or sphere is also a lack of self -
co ntrol.
According to Lao -Tzu " the term of stronger is the
person who wins over oneself rather than someone
else."

INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (Baekju/Boolgool)

" Here lie 300, who did their duty, " a simple
epitaph for one of the greatest acts of courage known
to mankind.
A lthough facing the superior forces of Xerxes,
Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at Thermopylae
showed the world the meaning of indomitable sp irit. lt
is shown when a courageous person and his prin -
ciples are pitted against overwhelming odds.
A serious student ofTaekwon-Do w ill at all times
be modest and honest. If confronted with injustice, he
will deal w ith the be lligerent w ithout any fear or
hesitation at all, with indomitable spirit, regardless of
whosC>eller and however many the number may be.
Confucius declared, "it is an act of cowardice to ''Punae ODe'l OWD p&J''
fail to speak out against inj ustice...
As history has proven those who have pursued
their dreams earnestly and strenuously with lndomit-
~ble spirit have never failed to achieved their goals.

14
IMPORTANT:
Due Lo the distortion of distanceapparoot in photographs, t he angle of
the feet in stances may appear slightly out of position. The student,
therefore, is encouraged to refer to the feet illustrations rather than the
photograph itself.

Parallel slance

l J

SiUing stance

'
16
 W allcing Stance (0'""'"" &yi)
frool View
Back View

L-Sianoe (Niv,.ja l:Jogi)

Frool View

8~K:k Vit!W

17
FOOT TECHNIQUES (Bal Gisool)
Taekwon -Do is widely recognized for its superiority in foot
techniques, not only in their use as attacking tools, but also for the
imaginative manner in which the feet are employed in blocking,
dodging and the myriad of flying motions that offer the student the
facility of speed, balance, flexibility, adroitness, coordination, and so
on.
First let us examine th e foot techniques as employed in attack
and defence.
18
 A . ATTACK TEC HNIQUES (Gong Gyok Gi)

These are classified i nto piercing kicks, thrusting kicks, smashing kicks,
pressing kicks, pushing kicks, straight kicks, sweeping kicks, consecutive
kicks and flying kicks.
The common principles of all these kicks are:

1. The maximum use of the knee spring of the stationary leg should always
be employed.

2. To prepare oneself fort he next motion and to prevent the leg from being
grabbed, the kicking foot must be w ithdrawn immediately after the kick
w it h few except ions.

3. Body weight should be shifted to the kicking leg atthe point of contact.
then sh ifted back to the stationary leg.

4. A strong stance should be maintained with the stationary foot.

5. Once the kick to be delivered Is decided. the body must be adjusted

toward the target.

6. Do not allow the stationary foot to pivot at th e moment of impact.

7. Never raise the heel of the stationary foot at the mormmt of impact

8. The knee of the stationary leg must be bent slightly to maintain the

balance at the poi nt of impact, except in the case of a pressing kick.

9. The range and point of focus must be calculated exactly. An adjustment

must be made for the opponent who is either too close or too far from
the attacker.

10 With few exceptions, every movement must begin wit h a backward

motion to gain momentum, increasing mass and velocity.

19
 High Kick (Nopunde ChBgi)

If the anacking tool re-

aches the same level of the
anacker's eyes at the moment
of impact. it is called a high
anack.
The anacki ng tool can
reach the temple, philtrum.
armpit, solar plexus or other
vital spots depending on the
heig ht of the opponents.

taodin~ naturally When kicking Shori opponent

20
Same height Taller oppooon•

21
 M i ddl e Kick (Kaunde Chagi)

If the attacking tool reaches the same level of the attacker's

shou lder at the moment of impact, it is called a middle kick.
S1and.ing naloraUy

l ow Kick (Najunde Chagi)

When the attacking tool reaches the same level of the unbilicus
of the attacker at the moment of impact. it is called a low attack.

514odin~ naturally Wben kicking

22
Shorter opp or.u~ut ToUer Opponenl

Very shor• Sborler

23
 Students of Taekwon- Do should correctly understand the following
terminology.
Dou ble Ki ck (1-Jung Chagi)
If the same type of kick is delivered twice in succession in the
same direction by the same foot, it is called a "double kick. and can be
executed against one or two opponents.
Triple Kick (Samjung Chagi)
If the same type of kick is delivered three times in succession in
the same direction by t he same foot, it is called a triple kick.
Consecutive Kic k ( Yonsok Chagi)
When two or more kicks are executed in succession by the same
foot in different directions and or with different tools.
Combination Kick (Honhap Chagi)
When both feet are used '.O deliver two or more kicks in
succession, it is called a combination kick . This terminology,
however, is used only for flying kicks.

24
Piercing Kick (Cha Jirugi)
Both the theory and purpose of th is technique are very similar to those
of a pu nch. and consists of side and back piercing kick.

Side Piercing Kick (Yopcha Jirugi)

Without a doubt. this is on e of the most effective techniques for

attacking an opponent at the flank. The footsword is employed as an
a11acking tool against the temple. armpit, f loating ribs. and neck artery. The
philtrum. point of the chin . and sola r plexus are secondary targets.
This technique is broken down Into low. middle and high side piercking
kicks.

Basic principles to be observed:

1. The attacking tool must reach the target in a straight line w ith a
revolving motion.

2. Regardless of the stance, the footsword must be brought to the inner

knee joint of the station ary leg prior to delivering the kick.

3. Keep the toes of the kicking toot laced slightly downwards and the toes
of the stationary foot pointed about 75 degrees outwards at the
moment of impact.

4. For the maximum height. lean the body away from the kick as far as
possible while still maintaining the balance.

5. Do not attempt to kick diagonally since th is is a waste of power.

6. Unless advised otherwise by an instructor. execute a high punch using

a righ t fist with a right foot and vice versa .

7. The stationary foot pivots allowing the hip to rotate with the kick.

26
 ttcady to kick

lr the defender (·r ight) blocks the kicking foot,

then 'he att.acker delivers 1.'1. high punch .

26
Kicking Withdrawing

Double Side Piercing Kick

Only ,·ertical kick i• posaiblo.

27
 Block is possible with a p•lm.

CORRECT

Block i~ po~s:ib1e with a straigl1t elbow.

I. Allacked by the opponent c,·en be·

fore cxecuti ng 4 s:ide piercing kick.
%. Hard to ne.~uac a side punch wi•h
the fO<eli•t while kickin,.

3. No defence is possible agaio!:it 1he

opponent.'s anacking tool .

28
 !NCO HR.EC:J'
n1e. ~I i1 ofT i-be ground, 'herefore bol.b
the power and .sQtic balance are iuhibi~.

The attacker is off balance

and can oo toppled easily,

Uody JosM resistance at

tho point of eontaet..

L'ICOH K~:t : r
The arm must be kept f'orcarm is 'rabbcd by the
within si~ ht . oppo r~ ent
from the rear.

29
 L'\C.'OR R F.<:T
The knee of 1he 1ib fiunary
le,g is straight..

Not. only hard t.o mairuain th~ ba lance

but also apt to he cop·plt:d wlwn kicked-
properly.

The knee join I or the !;t.atiouary leg can

be si1:1U.ered caitil~· by du.'- pr~in!: kick.

Nu ddrnf)(' is po~sibl<"
wlu:n grahhtd.

30
[NC'O R R P.C'T
The result is a side rising
Th~ kit~ king (ooL i~ n ot hrou!:hl l•t tJw.
kick without power.
s tatic:nlary krll'c joiu& a.l the s t<'rb of tlu.~
kick.

INCORIU,(;'I'
The hjp and abdomen btwe railed to jerk, 1.M..-..:u.u~ t.l,e ~tationary foo~ has
no' pivoted ~t 1.1ll throughout the kick thus inhibidng power.
The !Bm e ~hin« is a.ppliab1e to a :side thrusting kick..

31
 11\<.:U HIH;t;r
TI1e btlll of the kicking foot is facing
the ground instead of the s~:u.ionary
knee joint.

The fooL..,wnrd rf'adu!-" tlw

tarset withou t. twi ~ting .

11te point of impact is near the toe

edge imstead of t he footi\\\'Or"d, thus
the kick i~ off focus.

INCOR RECT
The kiek I~ delh·ered to lhf side reur i.nst~ad of the nau_k.
prohibiting '" ki{:k with an ahsolutdy straight leg.

32
U is not desirable to use a side
piercing kick against a rrool rO<:ing
OjJpont..n&.

T htj a Ll~Leking foo' can

be eASily blocked.

All a reimh the au-ack('r

i ~& l'B.'Iil)' t O(IJJied .

No de fence is possible against

{I COUIII i! l• a&tack .

33
Back Piercing Kick (Dwitcha Jirugi)

This kick is quite effective for attacking an

opponent approaching from the rear. The
footsword is used as an attacking tool. The
advantage of this technique is the ability to
reach a long distance even without chang-
ing the direction of the body.
Keep the toes of the stationary foot poin -
ted to the front with the ankle of the kicking
foot bent at a 45 degree angle at the moment
of impact.

Back P ush ing Kick (Dwitcha MHgi)

The procedure of this kick is the same as

that of the back piercing kick with the
exception that the knee is slightly bent at the
moment of impact and the back sole is the
attacking tool.

34
Kick is delivered. Withdr•wing

Readr to kick Kickln~

35
 Side Thrusting Kick (Yopcha Tulgi)
This is a variation of a side piercing kick and
one of the advantages of this technique is the
ability to anack the front of the opponent's
body at a distance.
The ball of the foot is the attacking tool
which reaches the target in a stra ight line with
the slightest revolving, and it must be vertical
to the target with the ankle stretched at the
moment of impact.
The toes can be also used if wearing shoes.

'roos poin~ downward.

36
l'uot is lif\ed. Kick is del_inn"£1. WiiiMirawu

37
 Side Pushing Kick (Yopcha Mi/gi)

This is a variation of a side pierci ng kick. This techn ique,

however. utilizes only weight or mass without acceleration and
power. therefore losing the piercing force and naturally rapid
withdrawal of the kicking foot becomes less important. The toots-
word is the on ly attacking tool used w ith this tech nique.
Unlike other kicks, this particular one can be executed only from
sitting, diagonal and parallel stances. Be sure to cross the other foot
rapidly past where the kicking foot had been placed while kicking
and push the target momentarily.

Ready to kiek

38
 Pushing Kicking

Kick is delivered. Pushing

39
 Smashing Ki ck (Cho Busigi)

Both the purpose and method of this technique are similar to

those of striking techniques of hand. Smashing kicks are divided into
front snap kick, back snap kick.• tu rning kick. twisting kick, reverse
turning kick. reverse hooking kick. vertical kick, downward kick,
pick-shape kick. straight kick, pressing kick and stamping kick. Most
of the attacking tools reach the target with the least revolving or
without revolving.

40
Front Snap Kick (Apcha Busigi)

This technique is designed to anack an opponent in the front.

The face, solar plexus. abdomen, scrotum. armp it and floating ribs are
the targets. lt is performed with the ball of the foot. instep, toes and
knee. and is broken down into low and middle front snap kicks as far
as the ball of the foot and foes are concerned .

The common principles of t his kick:

1. The stationary leg must be relaxed at the moment of impact.
2. The knee of the kicking leg must be broug ht shaply toward the
chest prior to kicking. These two motions must be coordinated in
one smooth. swift action.
3. The attacking tool must reach the target in a straight line.
4. The kicking foot must be withdrawn immediately after the kick
and brought back to the ground or the floor.
5. Carefu lly gauge the height and distance of the target and
. calculate the feasibility of using the kick.
6. The toes of the stationary foot should point to the front at the
moment of impact.
7. The stationary foot must not pivot throughout the kicking.

41
 Ball of the Foo~
T he target 18 varied necording to the
heiKII t. aud (JoS-iliuu oft hf• opp4*tnPnt. 1t, ire
nd d sablo not to kink 1\IIY IMI(Ct hip;her t hnn
rmr'• own Mlar plcxuij. Ho s ure to be nd the
ank le and toes of the kit-king fwt •lightly
upward.
T he ball of tht• foot i• u<e<l a t a normal
distance.

Read~ IO kirk

42
 X_iek is delivered. witbdrA\\>"'l

Double Froot Soap Kick

Only \' l.'l'tic.;,d ki~.~k i s po~"3ible.

43
 INCORRECT
The attacker bas difficulty reaetin~ to a block and
furU~rmore the kit1k it*lf lack" sma."hing force
because of no snap OlOI·i On.

IXOOilREC r
Tite ankle is not bent. resulted in
kickin& w ith toe.s instead of Che •
ball of the foot.

'l'his ri!ciU(:e.,..; O~xi hility and could Cl'lU$e the

ouaekor to fall backward if t·h e kick is
deJj"ered again3i. an unyielding foroo.

J.KOORR ~:(''1'
The stationary leg
is str&i,ht.

44
 INCORRECT
The front map kick !hould not be applied to any tal',et hi,hor lhan the
au.acke.r*c solar plexus.
11 is not only inelfooti<e but th<l hall or tbe foot I.... iu purr-- as a gna!hin_c
tool.
The 1rajec·1ory of che kick, once it passe1 a cerea in poin&., will result in a loii.!i ur
balance.

I N<;O R IU:C'I'
1'111' kicking foo~ ran rtL..-ily be SCOO[tt•d by the OPI•uut•ut "lu.t uld Llw h•g filii to be
bent 1u·io•· 10 kicking.

45
 Toes
This is used only to attack thf· 2roin area. The
t-arget. howe\"(~r. are increilsed gn:ntly in numhM" if R~sdy eo kick
'\'Caring shoe6.
This technique is utilized when tltle mfJtiug to
gain bhc mnximum clistnncc fro m .''OtLr kick.
T he kicking procedure is exactly the same as th•t
nft.he ball C)fthc foot except Uwt the t-oes a1-e :;1
rA.ight. at thP moment of impa<:t..

46
Kick is delivered. Withdrawn

Application

47
The kick i.'t executed
with the sh0<1S on.

48
Knee
'l'he knee i• used to attack and opponent who is
' 'cry close to the nttucker. The kick is executed
when the stnt ionary leg is bent.
Keep the toes of the stationary foot pointed to the
front nt t he moment of impact.

Kick is delivered.

49
Instep
T he instep is used when the opponent
is l'&-t hel' close. The kicking proct.'<.l ul'e i~
exactly the same as t hat of the ball ofbhe
foot.
T he scrotum is t he only target.
IJe sure to bend both the toes and t.he
anklo sharply d ownward at the moment
of impaet.

Ready to kick

50
K ick is d•U•.....t. \Vitltdra wn

IN CO IUn;CT
The in&~J, l11'3 failed to attack the
tarttet. IJ.ccau~ ut-il11er the toe~ nor
the ankle it bent downward.

51
 AI •howo below the ..,..,,ion or attackin& tool
tncirtl)' depends on the diuanee.

\Vhen the opponen~ ia &landin«

at a Nlatively far distance

When tile oppootnt il ll&nclin&

at a eloee clia:Lanot

Whe.n &he OJttloOnt.nl is standin~

a& a closer di!uanee

52
 Toe•

"'nm 1bo oppoaen1 is si&Ddin«

ill • nry close dish.Dee

UaU of lho t'oo•

lnJUp

53
 Side Front Snap Kick ( Yobap Cha Busigi)

This technique is used in attacking an opponent located at the

side front and is chiefly executed from rear foot. vertical and L-
stances. Both the principle and method of kicking are the same as
those of a front snap kick with the except ion that the body is half
facing the opponent at the moment of impact.
The ball of the foot is the primary weapon while the instep and
toes are secondary.

S4
f.•step
The !l(!rotum is the only
ta111et for the instel'·

Toes
Th(· targf•t M nN• S(rcatly increased
in numiJt...r whr n wcarin~ shoes.

55
 Back Snap Kick (Owitcha Busigi)

The back snap kick is used to attack an opponent who is

appreaching from the rear, w ithout chang ing the d irection of the
stance. This technique is especially useful in attacki ng the opponent
who is holding with a rear grab.
The back heel is the attacking tool while the scrotum is the
target Be sure to lean the body slightly forward while kicking.
The back heel reaches the target in a straight line and maximum
knee spring must be used with the stationary leg.

68
Stamping Kick (Cha Bapgi)

The kick is used to attack the opponent's instep wh ile he is

holdi ng either from the front or the rear. This technique can also be
used against an opponent approaching from the front and, it is
especially effective in attacking the opponent who has fallen down.
The back sole is mainly used, though occasionally the side sole.

57
Turning K ick ( Dollvo Ch<Jgi)

The turni ng kick is ideal for attacking an

opponent position ed at the side front, and is
usually performed with the ball of the foot. instep
and knee, however, the toes can be used as well if
wearing shoes.
The turn ong must be executed from a suitable
position. and if the position is awkward for th is
kick. the attacker must swiftly move into a
suita ble position.
This kick os normally executed from the rear
foot. though occasionally the front foot.
This techn iq ue is classified into low. middle
and high !Urning kicks.

The main principles of this kick are:

1. The hip must be swung forward to enable the

foot to reach t he target in an arc.
2. The ball of the foot must be vertical to the
targ et at the moment of impact.
3. The foot must have reached the apex of the
kick shortly before contact so the toes are
pointed slightly downward at the instant of
contact.
4. The toes of the stationary foot should point 45
degrees outward at the moment of impact.
5. The kicking leg must not be bent more than
absolutely necessa ry at the moment of
impact.
6. Do not attempt to kick t he target positioned at
the direct front.
7. The arms must be kept wit hin sight while
kicking.

58
 BaU of the Foot
The ball of the foot i• tlw onOl!t powc•ful wCftJJOn in D tumin!! kick. The
face. o<alar J>lexu•. u nd ~rot um are the primary !&fl!CI •. with ul'lnp it. temple.
And nN"k a..., s.N"Onciary tAf1(ets.

H iglo l\1iddl~

Swint;in~

59
 The tarv• is at
the dde !ront.

COHKECT

n.e attacker hu mo,·ect Uuo a

~uitable position.

Double Turuins Ki" k

Only vertical kick
is possihle.

60
 INCOH HEC'I'
The ball of the foo t has passed by
the target (We.n thou&h pi,•oting
the st.a&-ionary foot while kicking
because the oppononl is dirot:dy
in front.

LN(,'O H Hl>VT
The attack can be misjud11oo
quit~ easil)' if directed a,ainst the
ribs.
The front body, in this case, pl'(!,.
sen~ the best targec..

INCORRECT
E:ffecth•eness is reduced due to
the absence of a downward pres-
sing force.
1'he heel must remain higher than
the ball of the foot at the moment
of impact.

I NCO R R£(..'1'
The power is reduced due to lhe
lack of swing.

61
 Toes
The principle of kicking pro•·•d u rP is
exnetly the same ns 1 hat o f the boil tofll.e foot.
nnd 1 ho use of it Jx.comes broader when
wearing shoes. csp~cially as it is very con·
venicnt. in nttacking tho target in distnnco.

Knee
'l'hf" lult'e ib, ~lll (llrt,\'t-. 1 in nt t rttking t he 1Ul'gt'l Ut I ho closcs1 r~' nso. tlnd
Lht~ f'l'illl.'ipl\• tJf kickiuA i:-o hn~ic··nl ly t hP. AAnw n11 thut of t he bl\ 11 oft he foot.
Tlw k ick. h u wt•\•Pr, is r-~t'\'Uh-d at the nulmcm when kic·k ing kneo is bent..

62
Instep
T lw in~tt'p i)'l. 1u.u·nutlly 111't'41 Lv rlLl.ack ,..,.Jat i n~ly soft tm-gt>~ s uch ~s the
ue~k. jaw, lips. o r alxlomeu. If Lhe attacker i~ wt•ar·ing shOt'S, t he u~o of t his
techniq ue bN:omes btoader be-ca use the dta.l spot on the instep is then
protect~d .
T ho kickinl( procedure is t he same ns n kick wit h the hnll of the foot
..~xcept that tht' to~ a re not. pointed downwtlrd and the knt'<' is bent to {I lc.:;S.Cr
rlcgrcr at. the moment of irnpA.Ct.
A turnin~ kick with the inst ep can occa:'4ionally be cmplo~~ecl agaiost an
OPJ'lOnc·nt standing dirt>ctly in fl'o nt of th~ s.turleont, hu t in mo~i, easf's thi~
tf•dmiqur is morC' t.. tlf.c-:ti,·..-· wh..-r1 PX('C'n tRtl a l n S)().flt-g r(·P a ng1._:.,

63
64
Side Turning Kick (Yap Dolfyo Chagi)

This is a variation of a turning kick. One of the advantage is the

ability to attack the opponent standing abreast or in front at a
relatively greater distance.
The ball of the foot and instep are the attack ing tools.
The toes of the stationary foot should point about 75 degrees
outward while the kicking leg is kept straight at the moment of
impact.
1t is also divided into low, midd le and high side turn ing kicks.

Instep

65
 Downward Ki ck (Naeryo C/lagi)

This kick is useful for attacking an opponent by passing over an

obstacle such as another person.
The back heel reaches the targ et in a downward line from the
apex of the kick The poi nt of focus shou ld not be lower than the
attacker's own solar plexus because this may cause loss of power.
The skull is the main target. with the clavicle the secondary target.

66
Pick-Shape Kick (Gok -Kaeng-1 Chagi)
This is a var iation of a downward kick. The attacking tool
reaches the target in a vertical line, and besides its attacking role is
frequently used in harassing and keeping away the opponent. The
back heel and the ball of the foot are used as the attacking tools. Be
sure to keep the kicking leg straight while it is rising.
The heel of the stationary foot normally is off the ground while
raosong.
Back Heel
The skull and clavical are the primary targets. w ith the chest and
face secondary. The point of focus should not be lower than the
attackers own shoulder and the leg should be bent about45 degrees
at the momen t or impact.

67
 Ball of the Foot
T he fact· iS- tht· primary t::&rgct
\\'it h the jaw a nd the tem ple
sc-rondary.
K N•]) t.he le•·0 r slinht lv
~ • be nt a t the
momrnt of i mpttct..

68
Upward Kic k (01/yo Chagi)

This technique is used in attacking the

solar plexus or the chest at a close ra nge.
Be sure to pu ll down the opponents head
or shoulder with both hands w hile kicking.

Side. View

I NCORRECT
Bodl hands are dropped too low, II1Us ignoring
$he purpose of thj.;; tethnitJ•.•e.

69
 Reverse T urning K ic k (Bandae Dollyo Chagi)
This is a reverse form of a turning kick used against an opponent
at the side rear. 1t is mainly performed with the back heel but
occasionally the ball of the foot is used.
This technique can be performed with either front or rear foot as
far as the stationary kick is concerned. Because the effectiveness of
this kick depends on maximum speed while tur ning, special care
should be taken to mainta in the ba lance and posture.
lt is broken down low. middle and high reverse turning kicks.
Back H eel
This is used in attacking the philuum, temple. solar plexus chest, ribs
and abdomen.
Keep the kicking leg straight always.

Kick wilh the rear roo,

Kick wiU• u~~ fron1 foot.

70
Bull of <he Fool
The fa ce :m d jn w ttrc the h1.rg:ets. T he
k•ckiug leg "'""' be sligh <ly hent ai t he
rnom en1 of impact .

71
 Reverse Hooking Kick (Bandae Dollyo Gorochagi)

This is a variation of a reverse turning kick. and has dual

purposes; one is to kick. and the other to hook the opponent who
moves in during the execution of kicking.

Basic principles to be borne in mind:

1. Bring the heel close to the body soon after the kick.
2. Bend the kicking leg properly during the kick.

Ready to ki<>k

Appliculion

72
 Top Vi~w

Opponen1 move& in Huuked

73
 Twisting Kick (Bituro Chagi)

If the attacking tool approaches the target area describing an

outcurved line the kick can be defined as a twisting kick which is
d ivided into low. middle and high twisting kicks.
The foot should be vertical to the target at the moment of impact
except for the case of high twisti ng kick.

low Twisti ng Ki c k (Najunde Bituro Chagi)

1t is used in attacking the opponent in
front. The inner thigh presents the best
target for this kick, and the ball of the foot
is the supreme weapon, though occa -
sionally the knee and toes are used.

Uoublr Tw·istin~ KiC'k

Only wnicsl kick
ili pliS.Sibl£>_

74
 M idd le Tw isting Kick ( Kaunde Bituro Chagi)

This kick is used for attacking the opponent at

the side front. The philtrum. solar plexus and
scrotum are the main targets while the ball of the
foot and instep are chiefly used, t hough occa-
sionally the knee or toes are used.

Inste p

KncC'

Toes
They tftn be USl'<l only wh~n
wcarin~ ::4hoes.

75
 lustcp
The fa eo. •olor plexus n nd n bdo n1cn
&re 1 he t.argets. lligh <wts~ing kick
will! un inswp is not. possible.

Midrllr· llouble '1\••isling Kick

Ouly v~:rtical kir.:k is pO:'."'ihle.

76
High Tw isting Kick (Nopunde Bituro Chagi)

This technique is employed in attacking

the opponent at the side rear. The face os
only target, and the ball of the foot is chiefly
used, though occasionally the toes can be
used when wearing shoes.
Keep the back heel faced front at the
moment of impact

Bull or tho Foot

77
 Vertical K ick (Sewo Chagi)

This technique is employed in attacking the

target from a 90 degree angle. It is performed
main ly with the footsword and occasionally
with the reverse footsword.
The foot must be vertical to the target while
bend ing the leg about 30 degrees at the
moment of impact.
The attacking tool reaches the target in an
arc.

Footsword

Rt•:tdy io l.:it•k Kit.k il! delh·ercd .

.\pplic...uion

78
R~werse Footsword
'11H• solar plexus a nd filN~ fl rf" th ~
targets. JW>dy IO kick Kick is dell•·ered.

79
 Pressing Kick (Noollo Chagi)
Although th e primary role of this technique is to break the knee
joint or calf bone. it can also be used for other purposes.
This kick is divided into inward and outward kicks. The point of
focus should be lower than the knee join t of the stationary leg.
Outward Kick (Bakuro Chagi)
The knee joint and shin are the main
targets with the temple. philtrum and solar
plexus as secondary targets.
The stationary knee will lock at the
moment of impact. and the body should
lean slightly away from the kicking foot.
Footsword is used as the tool.

80
81
 Inward Kick (Anuro Chagi)

This kick is chiefly executed against the fossa.

and occasionally the inner or outer knee joint.
The knee spri ng of the stationary leg must be
utilized correclly.
Keep the leg slightly bent at the moment of
impact. Side sole serves as the attacking tool.

ReAdy to kick Kid: iA delivtired.

Applit'a~ion

82
Sweeping Kic k (Suroh Chagi)

The sweeping kick is quite effective in

breaking the opponent's balance. it is norm-
ally executed to the outer ankle joint. The
side sole and the back heel are the tools.

Sweepir'l& with a side sole

83
 Sweeping ki<:k with a bMk h..l

84
Grasping Kick (Butjapgo Chsgi)

This technique is designed to use against

two opponents simultaneously. One op-
ponent can be kicked with either one foot or
both feet while the second person is being
grabbed by either one hand or both hands.

Cnr.opins ..-ith one hand

85
 Gra$ping "''i5h boch hands

86
Straight Kick (Jigeau Chagi)
This kick is used against the target and is classified into front and
back straight kicks. Back heel is the attacki ng tool which reaches the
target in a slant. Be sure to keep both legs straight while kicking.

Fronl Slraighl Kick

Bao.k Slraighl Kiek

87
 Punching - Kick (Jirumyo Chagi)
This technique is used against two or three opponents simul-
taneously and 1t is classified into a U-shape pu nchmg -kick and a side
punching -kick.
U -Shap e Pun c hing - K ick
(Digutis Jirumyo Chagi)
This is useful in attacking one op -
ponent at the side with a side kick while
punching the other opponent in front
with a twin list.

Side P unching - Kick (Yop J11umyo Chagi)

This technique is performed with a twin l ist while executing
a front snap kick or a back piercing kick.

AJJpiK-ation
88
Sid~ Punchi"8 Back Pierci"8 Kick Application

Top View

Front Punching -Kic k (Ap Jirumyo Chagi)

This technique is performed with a single or twin
fist in conjunction w ith a back piercing kick.

89
 Horizontal Str iking-Kick (Soopyong Taerimyo Chagi)
This technique is used in attacking three opponents simul-
tan eously and is performed with twin knife-hand. twin side -fist, twi n
back fist or twin back hand. together with either a front snap kick,
back snap kick and/or back piercing kick.

Twin Kinife-Hand Sll'ikin~·Kicl<

90
Twin B•ck Fis< Scrikin&-Kiok

91
 Th rusting - K ick (Tulomyo Chagi)

This technique is perlormed with flat fingertip and twin side

elbow . The former is used againS1two opponents and the latter three
opponents simultaneously.
Flat Fi ngertip
This technique is performed in combination with a back piercing
or side piCI'CIIlQ kick. The former is accompanied with a front thrust,
whe.eby the laMer w ith a side thrust.

Twin Horiz.ontal Rlbow

Tbia iJi liCCOmpan ied ~itl1
11 Crutu ~map kick.

92
Counter Kick (Bada Chagi)

A kick delivered as a counter to an

opponent's kick is call ed a counter kick.
Since thi s type of kick involves great risk,
superiority of the speed over the op-
ponent is crucial. Side piercing and turn-
ing kicks are normally used f or this tech -
niq ue, though occasionally front snap
kick, twisting kick or outward pressing
kick is used.

93
94
95
96
 Foot Tackling (Bal Golgi)

This is actually a take down or throwing technique, and is

normally executed with a pull or push to the opponent's hand or
body. The footsword, side sole and back heel are used as the tools.

Taeldiog with a 8a<:k H""l

97
 T:lckling with a side sole

98
 Tackling with a Pootowonl

Skip Kick (Durokamyo Chagi)

This technique is useful for attacking an opponent at a distance.
According ly, the kick is delivered while closing in or pursuing the
opponent with a skipping motion. The attacking tools are the ball of
the foot, the footsword and the back heel. The skip kick is ch iefly
performed from a rear foot stance although occasionally an L-stance
is used.
The primary attack techniques are turning and side piercing
kicks. Reverse turning, hooking and twisting kicks are employed as
secondary attacks. Be su re to avoid skipping more than half a
shoulders width at a time.
Skip Side Pitrc:ing Kiek

99
 Skip Side Front. Snap !{jck

Skip Kic k

INCORRECT
The kick is exe.cutt.td in a jumping
motion instead of s.kipin~. 1-h~~~
m issin,; tht! target..

100
 Two Direction Kick (Sangbang Chagi)
)Jjddle Twi5ting Kick

As the name indicates this technique is used

in attacking two opponents simultaneously ap -
proaching from two different directions. This can
be executed from a sitting position or a lying
down position shown in the ground technique of
this volume.
Be sure to support Jhe body with both hands
while kicking .
The ball of the foot and footsword are used as
the attacking tools.

:)ide · Twisdn~ K ick Omw:ard Vertical Kick

101
 Consecutive Kick ( Yonsok Chagi}
This. as the term applies. means th e technique of using two or
more krcks w ith the same foot against a single or several opponents
in succession and can be executed either after offensive or defensive
ki ck.
The secret to be borne in mind is tha t a good balance must be
maintained at all times w ith the stationary foot so that the kicking
foot can execute a continuous kick without lowering it to the ground
or floor. This techniQue can be executed wnh any combination of
kicks. for example. front snap kick w ith srde risrng kick. reverse
hooking kick w ith sid e piercing kick or crescent kick w ith twisting
kick and turning kick and so on. This rs classrfred into double kick.
triple kick and so on.

Side Thrustin,;

Hookio~ Kick Turnin~ K~k

102
 Ptont Snap Kick

Middlo Turn i n~ Kick

ficscenl K ick

103
 2

1 /
Pres...-.ing Kick

4
3

Cres-cent Kick

104
 5

7'

Side Piercing Kick

Jte,•erse Turning Kick

8
As the illustraliuos indicate, any number of t.argets
can he auacked or bJooked in 8\lCCEl$Sion if the
balance is well maintained wi&h the suuionary leg.

105
Direction of Kick
(Chan Bang Hyang)
0
Since each and every move -
ment in Taekwon -Do is scien -
tifically organized, it should be
relatively simple to deduce
which type of offensive or de-
fensive kick is most appropri -
ate for any given situation.
Study the following illustra •
tions with particular regard to
the foot positions in relation
to the positions of the targets.

A. Represents a front snap kick

B. Crescent kick
C. Side piercing kick
D. Low twisting kick
E. Back piercing kick \
F. Reverse turning kick
G. Turning kick
c
H. Hooking kick.

106
J

I
J

107
108
Flying K ick (Twimyo Chagi)

lt is very obvious that the most exceptional flying techn iques can only
be found in Taekwon - Do. No other martial art can come close in number or
technique to the various kicks used in Taekwon -Do.
Certain detractors claim that flying techniques are both impractical and
vulunerable, but the words are usually uttered through ignorance or as an
apology for their own lack of flying techniques. Numerous Taekwon- Do
instructors, with years of experience, can testify that a well -executed flying
kick, conducted w ith speed, is not only extremely devastating, but has t he
added advantage of surprise.
The student w ho has taken the time to master a flying kick is able to
spring into the air with any number of kicks from a stat ionary stance, even
without the benefit of an additional step.
Flying kicks have a number of advantages: They perfect balance,
develop coordination, condition muscles and are invaluable for attacking
the high section of the body with foot as well as developing timing and
focus. They are also effective for vaulting obstacles w ithout exposing
oneself to an attack, for leaping over a pole, culb or knife attack, and for
stopping an onrushing or fleeing opponent. closing distances, and driving
through an encirclement of several opponents.
A flying kick is performed with either one motion from t he spot or
several motions w hile running; the former is most practical at a closest
distance, the latter at further d istances.
The following principles must be observed with all flying kicks.

1· The kick must be executed when the body reaches t he apex of the jump.

2. With few exceptions, the back must be straight at the moment of impact.
3. The non-kicking foot must be t ucked and not drooped at the moment of
impact.
4. Immediately after kicking, resume a good posture and balance.
5. Proper stance must be regained at the moment of land ing.

109
 Flying Front Kick (Twimyo Ap Chagi)

This kick is usually performed in two motions. The fir51 kick not
only adds momentum.but is also used to kick aside the blocking hand
while the opposite kick attacks the face. Flying kicks can be executed
from nearly any stance. though the rear foot and L-stances are
favored. The ball of foot is the attacking tool .

Flying

Front View

110
l(jeking

111
 Flying Side Front Ki ck (Twimyo Yobap Chagi)

The procedure of kicking is the same as that of

a side front snap kick except the flying motion.

Flyin~

1 1Z
Ki eki~ l..andin.~t 1.1 udt'd

113
 Flying Tu rning Kick ( Twimyo Dollyo Chagi)

The method of kicking is the same as t hat of a turning kick except

that the arm is extended in the opposite d irection at the moment of
impact. The ball of the foot is the prime weapon. though the toes and
instep can be used in rare cases.

Plying

114
Application

115
 Flying Reverse Turn ing Kick
(Twimyo Bandae Dollyo Chagi)

The method of kick is also the same as t hat of

a reverse turning kick e~cept the flying motion.
Back heel is the primary tool, though ball of
the foot is occasionally used.
This technique is performed with the rear
foot only.

Flying

Squatting Posil ion

116
Kicking Landing

llall of the Foot

Back be<l

11 7
 .
'
Flyi ng Side Piercing Kick ( Twimyo Yopcha Jirugi)

The principles of the technique are exactly the same as those of

·.
the side piercing kick except the flying motion. The followi ng · ·~ ·
constants apply.
1. The instant the anacking leg straightens ou t the supporti ng leg
should be tucked sharply while bending its ankle backward.
2. Bring the knee of the attacking leg to the chest immediately after
contact to prepare a correct and balanced landing.

118
 Landed

Kicldn~

•
f lying Side Thrusting Kick (Twimyo Yopcha Tulgi)

The procedure of kicking is the same as that of the flying side

piercing kick though the ball of the foot is used instead of the
footsword.
The anacking tool must be vertical to the target at the moment of
impact.

119
 Fl ying Side Pushing Ki ck (Twimyo Yopcha Milgi)

The purpose of this technique is the same as the side pushing

kick .

The procedures of kicking are as follows:

1. Attacking leg should be bent properly at the moment of the kick.
2. Keep the attacking foot pushing t he target momentarily.

Kkking
Flylns

120
Pushln~ Landi"5
Landeel
 Flying Back Kick (Twimyo Dwit Chagi)

The principle of t his technique is the same as that

of a back pushing kick except the flyi ng motion.

Spinning

Flying

122
 Flying Twisti ng Ki ck (Twimyo Bituro Chagi)

The method of kick is the same as that of

twisti ng kick except the flying motion.

Kicking

Flyin~

High '1\vist ing Kick

Flying

Kicking

123
 Flying Vertica l Kick (Twimyo Sewo Chagi)

The principles of this technique are the same as those of a

vertical kick except the flying motion.
lt is classif ied into flying inward and outward kicks.
t'ootsword

J(jeking
Flying

Kieking

Reverse Foouword

124
 J!~ou ls word

Reverse Footsword

125
 Jumpio>,tt

Flying High Ki ck (Twimyo Nopi Chagi)

This is used to anack an extremely tall op·

ponent or a target i n a high place. The ball of the
foot is the main weapon though the toes can be
effectively used when wearing shoes. Do not
drop the foot while kicking with the other foot

Flylnt hi~b kick

rrom lhe Jpc>l

126
Kick Is delivered.

Kiokin ~

Ready IO kiek

127
 Mid- Ai r Kick (Twio Dolmyo Chagi)

The method of kicking is exactly same as the

flying side piercing or thrusting kick except that
k ick is executed while spinning in the air. Since
the direction in which the kick will be delivered
cannot be seen until the moment the kick is
performed this technique is highly valued as a
surprise anack. Spinning is executed either in
360 degrees or 180 degrees. Footsword is chiefly
used, though occasionally the ball of the foot.

R..dy 1o kiek

Spinning

128
Kicking at 360

129
 Overhead Kick (Twio Noma Chagi)

This is normally employed in attacking an opponent over or

through an obstacle. This is also used in d iverting the opponent's
direction.
The important thing to remember is that the span can be greatly
i ncreased by swinging the feet while flying. Be sure to keep the body
in a horizontal position when flying through an obstacle.
Footsword is the only tool for this technique .

•
I

I''
"11 /
,_
I

130
 Swiugiug tJ1e (ee.t while (lying

Overhead Double Kick (Twio Nomo (-juno Cha{Ji)

The principle is the same as an overhead kick with
the exception of a double kicking motion.

131
 Flying Downward Ki ck (Twimyo Nseryo Chagi)

The method of kicking is the same as that of

the downword kick except the flying motion.

Plyin& Kic:IW>&

Flying Twi n Foot Front Kick (Twimyo Ssngbsl Ap Chagi)

This kick is quite effective aga inst a single target or double

targets. and is broken into front snap kick and front checking kick.

Flyin' Kicking

132
 DoableTqe•

Flying Tw in Foot Front Checking Kick

(Twimyo Sangbal Apcha Momchugi)

Double T&l'«<'

133
 Flying Twin Foot Side Piercing Kick
(Twimyo Sangbaf Yopcha Jirugi)
This is a useful technique in anacking two targets simul -
taneously. The side sole is the anacking tool for the lower leg which
must be slightly bent at the moment of impact.

134
Flying Double Foot Side Pushing K ic k
(Twimyo Doobal Yopcha Mi/gi)
This technique is used in pushing an opponent away with both
soles. Keep the lower leg slig htly bent at the moment of impact.
When the right foot is on the top, it is called a right double foot
and vice versa.

Flying Tw in Foo t T urning Kick (Twimoyo Sangbal Dolfyo

Chagi)

Only the ball of the foot is used for this technique, and the
position of the foot is higher than t he hip at the moment of impact.

135
 Flying Twin Foot Middle Twi sting Kick
(Twimyo Ssngbsl Kaunde Bi turo Chagi)

Thi s is a very effective technique in attacking both sides

simultaneously while flying. The ball of the foot is used as the
attacking tool whi ch should be vertical to the target at the moment
impact.

Kudy IO k.i ck Kickq

Flyins -r..· in Pooc llidciH!

·r..i l1iD ~ Kid<

138
Flying Twin Foot High Kick (Twimyo Sangbal Nopi Chagi)

The procedure of kicking is the same as that of the flying twin

foot middle twisting kick. The ball of the foot is the tool.

Kicking

Jumpin~

137
 Flying Sissors-Shape Kick ( Twimyo Kawi Chsgi)

The purpose of this technique is to take down the opponent by

trapping the body or the leg. This is also effectively used while
holding a second person with both hands.

Flying Kiek in~

138
Flying High Side Kick (Twimyo Nopi Yop Chagi)

The principles of kicking procedure are the same as those of a

flying side piercing kick except that the position of the foot is higher
than the hip at the moment of impact.

139
 Flying High Turning Kick
(Twimyo Nopi DollyD Chagi)

The principle of kicking is the same as

that of a flying turning kick except that the
toes are slig htly higher than the heel at t he
moment of impact.

Flying High Reverse Turning Kick

(Twimyo N opi Bandae Dollyo Chagi)

The method of kicking is t he same as

the fly ing reverse turning kick but the heel
is slightly higher than the toes at the
moment of impact.

140
 Flyi ng Trapezoid Punching-Kick (TwioJaegakJirumyo Chagi)
Th is technique is also used for attacking four targets simul -
taneously, two in front and one on each side, in the form of a twin fist
front punch with twin foot middle twisting kick.

Flying U -Shape Punching-Side Kick ( Twio Digutja Jirumyo Yop Chagi)

The student has two opponents. He attacks the one in front w ith
a tw in -fist punch and simultaneously executing a side piercing kick
at the opponent standing to one side.

141
 Flying Horizo ntal Stri k ing K ick (Twio Soopyong Taerimyo Chagi)
The method of this techn,que is the same as that of a horizontal
striking -kick with the exception that only front snap kick is possible.

Twin Knife.Aand

142
Flying Cresce nt Kick (Twimyo Banda/ Chagi)

The purpose of this tech nique is to block the opponent's

attacking hand or foot while flying. The method of kicking is the
same as that of the crescent kick except the flying motion. See the
defence techniques in this volume.

Flying

143
 Fl y ing H ooking Kick ( Twimyo Golcho Chagi)

This tec hnique is also used in blocking the

attacking hand or foot while llying.
The method of the kick is the same as the
hooking kick except the flying motion. The hooking
kick is introduced in the defence techniques of this
vol ume.

Ki ck i n~

144
Fl ying Two Direction Kick (Twimyo Sangbal Chagi)

The purpose of this technique is to execute a simultaneous

attack against two opponents at different directions. This is broke n
into flying fron t back kick and side twisting kick.

Flying Front- Back Ki ck (Twimyo ApdwiChagi)

One opponent in front is attacked with a

front kick and the oponent at the side with a
side kick. Keep the back stra ight at the moment
of imoact.

Flyi ng Side-Twisting Kick

{Twimyo Yop Bituro Chagi)

One opponent in front is attacked
w ith a twisting kick and the opponent
in the rear wi th a back piercing kick.
Keep the body leaned forward at the
moment of impact.

145
Flying Double Kick (Twimyo I .Jung Chagi)
Like in the case of hand techniques. it is used to
attack wearing or bobbing opponent or opponents.
A horizontal kick is useful against a wearing opp.
o nent while a vertical kick for bobbing.
1t can be classified into flying double side turning
front twisting and mid -air double kicks.

Flying Double Side Kick ( Twimyo 1-iung Yop Chagi)

This can be execu ted in two ways vertically and
horizontally.

Vrrtical Kick

Hurizilnta.l Kick

Flying Double Turning Kick (Twimyo I.Jung Dollyo Chagi)

146
 Flying Double Front Kick
( Twimyo 1-Jung Ap Chagi)
This can also be executed in two ways.

Horizontal Kick

Vf>t"tical Kick

Flyi ng Double Twisting Kick ( Twimyo I.Jung Bit uro Chagi)

Both horizontal and v ertical kicks are possible.

Horizontal
Kick

147
 Mid -Air Double Kick ( Twio Dolmyo 1-Jung Chagi)

Only horizo ntal kick is possible.

Horizontal Kick

148
 Flying Trip le Kick ( Twmw o Samjung Chagi)

Slflc" the sa me foot attacks three targets in succession while

flying. this techn ique requires extreme speed, flexibility and balance.
11 os broken into flyong triple side. front. turning and twisting kicks.

Flying Horizontal TriJllc Side Kic·k ( Tu:ilnyo Soopyong Samjut>g Yop Chagi)

Flyin~ V{'rtic:al 'l'riplc Side Kicl< ('l"wimyo Soojik S'mn}'ung Yop C lutgi)

149
 Flyin~ Triple Froo~ Kick(Twimyo Sam.iu11g Ap Ohagi)

\'enical Kick Horizontal Kick

150
 Flying Triple Turning Kick
(T u;imyo Samjung Dollyo
Chagi)
Vertical Kick

Horroontal Kick

Flying Triple Twisting Kick

(Twimyo Smnj1tng Bituro Chagi)
Only middle t wisting kick is
possible.

161
 Flying Consecutive Kick (Twimyo Yonsok Chagi)

If the same foot delivers two or more kicks in succession wh ile

flying , the kick. regardless of the type is called a flying consecutive
kick. 1t ca n be performed with any combination, i. e., crescent and
side kick. front and twisting kick or reverse hooking and double
turning kick and so on.

Flying Crescent and Side Kick (Twimyo Bandal Cluu;o Yop Ohagi)

Flying Fron' and Twisting Kick (T 1oi11tyo A p Chago Bituro Chagi)

152
 Flying lteverse Hooking and !i'ide Kick
(Trcirnyo Bandae Dollyo Goro Chago Y op Chagi)

Flying Reverse H ooking and Turning Kick

(T wimyo Ba11dae Dollyo Goro Chcu;o Dollyo Chcu;i)

Flying R.ever~ Hooking and Double Turning Kick

( Twirnyo B arulae Dollyo Ooro Chago 1-Jung Dollyo Ollagi)

153
 Flying Reverse Hooking and Double Side Kick (Twimyo
Bandtu Dollyo Oaro Cllago I ••Jung Y op Cllagi)

Flying Spiral Kick (Twimyo Rtu<n«~ik

Cllagi)
Tbie tocbniquo can be performed in two
wny• ~ide tu1d back kick or side nnd sidGkick.
In a ny Ctuoe tbu 8e<Ond kick must, be exemol.ed
while rolling in the air.

Side Kick

Back Kick

154
 Flying Combination Kick (Ttcimyo HI»UJP 0'-Ji)
Sido Kick

F-ront Soap Klek 1!6•eroo Bookinc Ki<:lt Tul"llla& Klolt

Flying Three Direction Kick (Troimyo S ambang Clwgi)

Two o;...,lion KU:k Side Klek

156
 Flying Four Direction Kick (T111imyo Sa!Ja1tiJ CltQ9i)

166
Flying Combination Kick and Pun eh
( Trcimyo HoMp CluJgi IDd J in<gi)

157
 Reflex Kick (BanstJ Chagi)

Along w ith flying double and triple

kicks. flying three direction kick. the refle)(
kick certainly demonstrates the fle)(ibility,
balance, and ability to change the direc-
tion of movement while moving the body
quickly from one place in space to
another.
This technique is normally employed
when surrounded by wall or group of
people, using them conversely as reflect-
ing objects to switch the attacking
direction.
The turning kick is common and occa-
sionally high ki ck or side piercing kick can
be executed, and all of them are per -
formed while running.

Turnin& Kick

1&8
Dodging K ick (Pihsmyo Chsgi)

This technique is employed when an opponent is at a too close

range to effectively deliver a kick. Perhaps it is one of the best surprise
anacks in that the kick is executed while flying away from the
opponent. Flying side piercing. turning. reverse turning kicks are
commonly used, though occasionally f lyi ng tw isting, vertical kicks,
etc. are also used.

Dodgins Side Piercing !Gck

159
 Back R eel

Ood.(in$1: Reverse Tu.rniug Kick

Rail of the Fool

160
 Dudging Outwa rd Verticak Kick

Dodging Inward \'e.nical Kick

Dodging )fiddle Twi•ting Kick

161
B. DEFENCE TECHNIQUES (Bang Eau Gi)

Undoubtedly, students will appreciate. once again. the value of the

foot. throughout this chapter from the fact that it performs the entire pan of
dodging in addition to its versatile techniques of blocking. The defence in
foot techniques is divided into blocking and dodging.

Blocking (Makgi)
Although hand parts are used in most of the blocking in Taekwon · Do,
the rol e of the feet cannot be d iscounted. In fact the foot in blocking has an
added advantage of allowing the hands for either combi nation blocking or
attacking.
Foot blocks consist of rising, crescent, waving. checking and hooking
kicks. Unlike the attack techniques. the kicking foot does not necessarily
have to withdraw immediately after the kick. with a few exceptions.

163
 Rising Ki c k (Cha 01/igi)

This consist of a front rising kick and side rising kick. The former
uses the ball of the foot, and the latter the footsword . Both of them
are also widely used for muscle development though the primary
purpose is to block the attack directed to middle section and area
above.
The blocking tool should reach the target in an arc.

Front Rising Kick (Apcha 01/igi)

This kick is used to spring up the opponent's punching fist at the

under forearm or the opponent's foot by kicking the inner tibia. With
this technique. the knee joint of the kicki ng leg should not be bent
too severely.
A walking stance is chiefly used for muscle development.

Ready to kick

164
 LXCO HIU!L•t•
The (ool reached 1he target in a stra.i&h• line
i:nstead of an arc mo1lon.. thus miWn' tbe
u.rge1 .

Jlor blockin«

For muscle
dev(!lopmenl

165
 Side Ris ing Kick (Yopcha 01/igi)

This technique is also used to spring up the attacking hand or

foot. Be sure to keep the body half facing the target at the start of
kicking.
Walking, sitting and diagonal stances are most suitable for
muscle development.
For blockin&

Pot muscle de,·elopmenl

186
187
 Crescent Kick (Banda/ Chagi)

Th is kick is used for blocking the attacking hand or foot to the

middle section and area above. The sole of the foot is the tool which
should reach the target in an arc.
An advantage of this technique is t hat the blocking foot can be
readily available for a swift counter attack. The main target should be
the elbow joint, Achilles' tendon or ankle joint, with the forearm and
outer or inner tibia secondary. Though outside block is more
effective. an inside block is also used frequently.
Keep the back heel faced downward at the moment of the block.
This technique is classified into low and middle crescent kicks.

Beady to kiek Kicking

168
 Fronl View Side View

Ou,side Block
T'hjs can best insure for a ootul ler-attack
with the ~~a me foot because ~he opponent's
other free h11rld 11nd foot become ineffective.

169
170
171
 lnaide Block
A special CAut.inn mu"t be exercised when cxcou~ing an inside block,
6inoo the oppouen~ rn&y uoe the opposite hand or foot for a oo u nt~r-nttaok.
The same theory io applicable to a hooking kick.

172
Double Crescenll{jck
Only verticsl kick is possible.

173
Waving Kick (Doro Chagi)

The main purpose of this kick is to block an

opponent's ki ck aimed at the scrotum. lt is also
useful i n preventi ng the side instep from being
stamped by the opponent.
This kick is usually performed in a sitting
sta nce and occasionally a d iagonal stance. The
main characteristic of this technique is that t he
kick should be executed so swiftly that the
body's center of gravity remains unchanged
during the kick. The side sole is used as a tool
which should reach the target in a straight line
with no revolving motion. The ankle j oint is the
only target.
The kicking foot should be returned to the
ground after each kick.

IXOORRF.CT
n.e ""n&er of cra rily
has t-o l!bifled.

174
 Checking Kick (Cho Momchugi)

This technique is divided into front and side checking kicks. The
former is performed with the back sole supported by the ball of the
foot while the latter uses the side sole.
Unlike the previous kicks, the checking kick is kept momentarily
on the target during the block.

Front Checking Kick (Apcho M omchugi)

Since the purpose of this kick is to restrict the oppo-

nent's freedom of movement, it is normally executed
when the opponent rushes or attempts to close in.
The chest and solar plexus are the targets.
Basic principles:
1. The blocking tool should reach the target in a
straight line.
2. Keep the body half faci ng the target at the mo-
ment of the impact.
3. Do not bend the stationary leg more than nece-
ssary at the moment of impact.

Ready r.o kiek Kiek is delivered.

176
•'ronl View

lNCORRECT
lleoa\150 lbo kick is performed
with lhe ball or lbe fool .. op-
pootd to the bodt sole. balanoe io
lool aod cbeckio' power io
di.mlnisbtd.

177
 Side Checking Kick (Yopcha M omchugi)

This technique has a dual function; one to block the attacking

foot directed to a low section and the other to impede or check the
opponent's movement. In both cases the foot must be ready for a
cou nter-attack or any type of consecutive action.
The tibia or knee area is the target. and the blocking tool should
reach the target in an arc.

Ready 1o kick Kicking

178
 Double Side Checking Kick
Only ver tical kick i• po•sible.

INCORRECT
This kick is more of an att.aeking
than a blocking motion. Noce •h•l
lhe blocking lool has reached lhe
targeLiu a ~traigbt line instead of
an arc.

179
 Hooking Kick (Golcho Chagi)

The same method of hooking block with a back hand is

applicable to this technique. The target areas are the elbow joint and
Achilles· tendons.The blocking tool is the side instep which reaches
the target in an outward curve not unlike a twisting kick.
it is advisable to execute the kick at the outside of the attacking
hand or foot. 'The kicking foot can also be used as an instantaneous
counter -anack motion.
Keep the outer tibia facing downward at the moment of impact.
This technique is divided into low and middle hooking kicks.

~ady "' kick Kiliting

180
Uoublo Hooking Kio.k
Only \'f'l'tirnl kirk j., p.-........ ihlr .

181
Dodgi ng (Pihagi)

There are three primary reasons why dodging is so highly

encouraged in all phases of defense. Firstly, it lessens the chances of
injury encountered in a d irect head-on clash; secondly, it offers the
defender the opportunity to maneuver into a more advantageous
position; and thirdly, it provides the defender wi th the opportunity to
study and read the oppon ents' skill and tactics as well as bringing the
opponent into a state of exhaustion.
The success or failure of dodging depends entirely on body
shifting which entails agility, ti ming and flexibility of maneuver in all
directions. lt consists of foot shifting, stepping, shift-stepping, step -
shifting, sliding, turning, jumping, body dropping and leg lifting.

Basic principles:
1. The defender should react in a swift and smooth reflexive action
when shifting the body weight.
2. A correct posture must be maintained at all times, egpecially after
completing a bigger movement.
3. While dodging, be obvervant of any openings on the part of the
opponen t that might be vulnerable to a counter -attack motion.

183
 Foot Shifting (Jojun Bel)

This maneuver is employed chiefly for covering or adjusting

a short distance (half a foot), and can be performed by mov-
ing a single foot or both feet. When shifting, the motion should
be smooth. Avoid dragging the foot across the ground or l ifting it
more than necessary.

One Single Foot

The advantage of this technique is that
it permits the student to perform any
anack or defense while in the act of
dodging. One-foot shifting can be done
from virtually any stance. but the rear foot
and L-stances are most ideally suited for
this maneuver because they allow t he
student to use the same foot to counter-
attack immediately after or while still in
the process of dodging.

Sbifling lo lho Side

184
Titc same foot, in Shis ease the left fo~n,
has executed a blockin~ role while clodgin&.

185
 The u.me (oot has txecukd a tOUDler
••uek immedio&•ly oflcr a dodpn~ aeoioo.

188
187
188
189
 Both Fee t
The primary purpose of this technique is to close in to or
away from the opponent within the shortest distance beyond
the opponent's anticipation. In this method, both feet shift
almost simultaneously while maintaining the original stance.
This is performed main ly with walking, sitting and L-stan-
ces, though occasionally d iagonal, parallel or fixed stance is
used.

How t o perform a smooth shifti ng.

Although both feet shift almost simultaneously, the foot closer to
the direction of motion naturally precedes the other by a slight
interval. The body weight. however, is rested on the front leg
momentarily when shifting backward.

From a Walking Stance

Shifting Forward

Loft Walking SLIInoo

Shiftitag

190
 Slaifling

Shillioo@ lla<:kwud

Lefl \Valki_n~ Stanot: Bodr ...i,hl is "'''td

on lht IeO les

191
 Closio~ in to the opponent

Closint in

192
 Away from the opponent

Closin.': id

Closing in

193
 From an L-Stance

Shlllin« Forward

Shifting Backward

Len t -S~an.., Body v.•ei&hl is rea1eel Sbi!Ung

on the rij;bt leg

194
 Awa:r fron• the opponent

Closing in <o the oppooen~

195
 A\4•ay from the oppunenC

196
 Away from lht opponc.nl

Closins: in to the opponenl

Away from &be oppout.uS

197
 Away &om the opponent

Away from the oppooen'

Closing in 10 r.he opponent

198
 Away from the opponcmt

Awa.y Cron• the opponent.

Not<>: The same me~hocl applies oo a fixed stance.

199
 From a Silting Stance

SblNns w the 1~1\

Nole: The samo methO<l npplica to both dinl(onal nnd pnrnllel 8lanees.

200
A... ar from tbo opponent

201
 Stepping (Omgyo D1digi)

Stepp1ng is used for covering comparatively a wide'distance. lt is

performed backward, foreward and sideways. Stepping is broken
down into sing le. double and treble stepping though the foot can be
moved in various ways, i.e., stra ight line, incu rved line. outcurved
line and zigzag line, the outcurved line is the one the student of
Taekwon- Do must foll ow w ith the exception of rear foot sta nce.

Basic Principles:

1. The body must always be half fac1ng the opponent when

stepping backward and foreward .

2. The body usually becomes side facing the opponent when

stepping sideways.

3. The knee spring of the stationary leg must be flexible and

relaxed while stepping .

4. The foot should be moved smoothly, leaving about one

centimeter from the ground or floor.
5. The foot should not be dragged or lifted unless absolutely
necessary or ad vised by an instructor.
6. Keep both legs slightly bent throughout the stepping.
Single Stepping (1/bo Omgyo Oidigi)

This is almost exclusively used in Taekwon-Do and can be

executed from all stances. Remember that every stance can be varied
to another stance while stepping. (All steppings throughout this
volume are considered single stepping unless otherwise directed).

The f u netion of the knee

Unless the stationery leg remains flexible, the movement will definitely
be inhibited and lack smoothness causing a difficulty in bringing the hand
and foot into a simultaneous action due to the loss of dynamic stability.
Since the loss or gain of the mass depends entirely on the knee of the
stationary leg, the proper use of the knee spring is the key to this technique.

202
 In the course of stepping, the knee can create three different
postures as follows:
Among them, posture A is the only one used in Taekwon-Do.

Poo&llNA

Relative waves formed by each posture.

Sine Wave ( Yul&trn.)

Poolure B

SUshlly boDI aboul 110•

- - ------ Hori~A>nlal Wa.. (Soopr.JO!Iq~~tnt)

Poolure C

Saw TooCb Wave (TO'{mal s<m)

Slrai&hl 180•

203
 Posture A

Bending the knee @li~htly gi,·~• the leg greater Oexibility. imparting
more momentum and speed to the motion.

From a Walkir1g Sl&nce

Knee is raited

204
205
 From an L-S"'ore

Sleppins Forward

Knee ia railed.

From a Sitt;ing Stance

Knee a, railed. M... •• samecl.

208
 Posture B
The body not only lo:!."CS the dynamic stability hut tlw """''" r•main• the
same bccnu.se tbo knee i• ~harply hrnt.
From a Lefl Walkint Stance

Knee mnains ab&rply boot. Mass remaim lbe aamc.

Posture C
Since the knee is st·rail(ht, t he force of momcnwm
is discontinued, thus rc<ducing apood.

Speed is docn~ated.

207
I~CORRF.cT
'Ibt r-11 mom in • he>-
riJ.Oo&al tiue inscead of a
tine w&l'e:.

208
TNCORRECI'
'Jlhe foot is mO'i'ed creating a saw too•h
WA\'e. insk:ad Of A Sine W4\"C.

209
 Outcurved l ine
In this method. the stepping foot rea-
ches the destination passing the center line
between the feet.

From a Left Walking Stance

}
I
I
I
I
I
I

a I
!? \ I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I

D
' I
I
I
I
I

l Sleppio~ BACkward

Steppin~ Forward

210
 from a Right W a Iking Stance
Stepping Forward

Side View

~-
--- --
S&oppin~ Backward

Side View

-- --- -..,
211
 SteppiJ>« Fon.,.rd

I
I
-¥

I
I

Keep tbe left foo t

sli~hlly pivoted

I
I
I
I

l
212
Advantages

1. A. The knee spring of the stationary leg, in this case the left leg,
has started to function and the muscles of the hip and
abdomen are ready to jerk.

B. Both attacking and blocking tool s have started to move in the

same direction as the hip or abdomen does.

2. A. There is less of an opening for an attack since the body

becomes half facing the opponent. The movement must be
conducted smoothly and swiftly because the entire body is
relaxed while dynamic stability is well maintained .

3. A. A maximum of power is produced, for the muscles of the hip

and abdomen are fully utilized while the mass or body weight
is added maintaining, static balance.

B. The side block is performed logically and the whol e body is

protected by the blocking forearm.

The same principle is applicable to L-, rear foot. fixed and low
stances.

213
 /)

\
I
-¥
~

Keep th• ri~hl

I roo• pivotin,
I
-If

I
I
I

t"'

2 14
From a Right L -Stance

'
I
I

Slq>pio'A i'orw...d
I
I
I
I
I
I

216
 S&eppi"& Backward

Keep the l•ft

fooL pi\'oiin&

I
I
I

Keep the riKhl

foot pi ..o&iD@

I'
I
I
I
I I
"' I

'
S&eppiug Forwud

216
 From a Lefl L-St.ance

SU.ppiog Backward

h-
..----- (J

Stepping Fe>< ward

ll tJ>---z
..
--,---
..
__ ..,-~

217
 From a Left Rear Foo' Stance

Sto•1•1•ing Backward

218
I
I

I
I

"i

219
 From a. Sitting Slance

Keep &he left becl slighlly

off the ground. To &he rig ht

n., ____
Keep the r ig:hl htel slighdy ofT
che ground. To obe lefl
 From a Oia~onal Sta nce

----?,
----- ~ ~ f
Tu clw IPft

-'~ ----- 1 ll
i ~ - - ---
 Stn.ip!l Line

qI
I
I
I
I
D
I
I I
-v I
I
I

' I
I
I
-If
l

222
I
I
.V Backward Stq>piR«

Disadvantages

1. The body is unprotected and open to the opponent.

The student is in a poor position to utilize the muscles of hip and
abdomen.
I 2. A. In this position it is extremely difficult to produce maximum
I
~ power because the knee spring of the stationary leg is not
utilized .

' lt is difficult to bring hands and feet into action

simu ltaneously.
B. The forearms are crossed at the canter of the body rather than
In front of the chest because the student is in an awakward
posture.

3. Stance is too short and wide after continuous movement

putting t he student i n an unbalanced posture. This becomes
I more apparent in backward stepping motion.Both the dynamic
I and static stability can hardly be maintained.
"
I A. The punch has failed to produce maximum power.
B. The block is extended beyond the point of focus because of
full facing position instead of half facing.

223
 From a Walking Stance

riI
I
I
I

:I lJ
I
,J,
t •
<::::::1- - - - - - - - - 7 ..,.;

~--- ---- ~ -

224
 Sbor• aod Wide Sb~ler aod Wider

Normal
c:::l--- - - - - - - - - - - -- ~ - iilt-

<::::::1 M --- - - - -- - - - --7 _,

Wider and Shorler Wides• aod Sh<ll'...,

~ - - -- - - - - - -- - -~·--
~- -- - -- - - -- - ------ -'1-..,
226
 From an L-Stance S1epping FO<wonl

S1eppi~ BacL-..atd

C:::.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
-it
l

Shor1 and Wide

Shor1er and Wid.,.

\\ ..
,_,,_ _ _
-·----- ~

Stepping .~orw ard

228
227
Zigzag Line
The stepping foot reaches
the destination passing by
t he Stationary foot.

'

,,'
"-t
' ··
I

I
\

'J
.:,j
\)
I
I

I
( lt-
"

Disadvantages
A. A full facing position w ith respect to the opponent makes it
d ifficult to utilize the hip and abdomen. reducing speed .

B. The foot tends to move d iagonally i nstead of forward. creating a

sta nce that is too w ide, resu lting in weak punch.
This principle is also applicable for blocking.

228
 From a WaJk:in& S~nce

S..,piJ>& Baclrwanl

~ ~
I
I I
I
I

/J I
111
I
1&."

'"" 'I

~PiOK Backward

Sic!e V1e111
From an L-Stance
Sleppins Bocltwanl

'I

Important:
Through the foregoing pages the student
can see the close connection between the
lines and waves. For example, an out -
curved line creates a sine wave, a straight
line.a horizontal wave and a zigzag line, a
saw tooth wave.

230
 lncurved line
{j This method counts for very little. except in
I the case of a rear foot stance.
I
I The main d isadvantages are:
I
I 1.Stance is too short and narrow especially
I
\ D after a backward movement.
-'1 'I
\

' "'
I
I
1
I
2. Neither attacking tool nor blocking tool
moves in the same direction as the hip or
abdomen does.

I From a Walking Stance

Stepping Forward

~I
I
I
I
1

~
I
\
'>I
I
I
I

\
\
~
\
~

' g.._ it 100 lhorl

and n&n'O"''.

The aame principle Is applicable

Stance is shon and narrow. to oihcr alanecs.

231
 Doub le Stepping (lbo Omgyo Didigi)

In this technique the stepping is executed in

two motions. lt is used for covering a comparatively
wide distance with a smooth movement.
The walking, L- and rear foot stances are used
to move back and forth while sitting, and diagonal
stances are for a lateral movement.

From a RigM Walking Stance

Keep the lefl heel &lightly ofl"the «n>und while

() pivoting wllh lhe rish• foot until the body
~1
1 ber..omes half facing &he oppouen&.

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
~

232
Stepping Baekward

I
I
I

~ Keep lhe ri&bl heel &lightly off the

ground wilh the body half faclns tbe
opponent..

I
I

I
:J
I
I
I

\ The same principle is appUeable to a

Jow stance.

233
 From a Righ& Walking S&ance

KHp tbe loft heel lllsbdy olf

lhe sround, wilb lbe body balf
racins.

---- ----\
~ ..
}

Keep tbe risht be<!l olishdy olJ

the sround with lhe body half
Steppins Backward r..,;,s.

-- .....
--------; ~
234
 From a Righl Walking SW1ce

Stepping Forward

I INOORRECT
I 'lbo left fool ia movecllo the aide iD~
I
of lho oon~r line, lboulbe nu.c:. is loo
wide and sbon, mluiDJ the purpose.

I
I
I I

, a
I I
I I
'1-
lit

INCORRECT
The left rooo is movecl behind lho ri'h~
fool, lhua failiDJ lo perfonn a double
Meppins. The lUDO principle is a p-
plicable 1o rear foo~ and L.otaDces.

Stepping Forward

235
 From a Left L-Stance

~~
1 x..p lh• ri&bt
: ali&h11y off 111e
I &fO'U'CI·
~\
<t
k ..p lh• ~en heel
all&hlly off lho
«round. I
I
I
I
I

..."'
I

S&eppinl; Backward

236
 From a Right Rear Foot Stance

Keep the ri&bi heel sli&hlly

off thesround.
Keep the lefl heelalighdy
ofT the ground.

I
I

I
I
fl
•

St.eppinJt Forward Stflpping Dack"'•ard

237
 From a Left Rear Foo& S&aooe

Steppin« Fon•ud

---1(! rj)J.-- --t--~

Sleppinr Bacltwud

f ·f --
238
 From a Sitting Stance

Xeep the rlshl heel olisblly off

To the loll the grou.nd.

'--- - - ~~
_,~ik---,-_11-
__-_--:-_,-tl- -

Xeep the loll heel oljshlly

To tbe rtsht oil' IIlo sround.

--iT------'Tli -- /- - ~----~-r-----=-,+--
239
 From a Righ& DiagoDal &ance

Keep lhe Ion heel •lighlly

To &be righ1 oiT lbo g.ound.

- J j <:- ----
·~ ------

Keep lbe righl hool slighlly

off lhe sround.

--- ---- ~

240
From a Left Diasonal S&anee

I
I
I
I
I
I

I
I
I
I
I
I
..V
I
I
I
I To lbe left
I
I
I
'}

241
 Treble Stepping (Sambo Omgyo Didigi)
This is chiefly executed from walking and
L-stances. lt is used to cover a wider dist-
ance, moving back and forth. Sideway step-
ping is not possible.

S141ppin~ Forward

From a RigM Walking S$ance

~- - - --- --- -=•=--- ?h F

242
--- -~ ----- --~--
- --- -7 ~)

---- ---~"~
- -- ~-
243
 From a Righ1 L-Suance

S~pp los Forward

C:::- -- - ~
7 ~

--- - ~
ts --- ----- ? ~

244
 - - - - - - ?.1;

Sl<flpl~ O~kwanl

245
 Varia&ion of Stance While Stepping

Left Walking Slanco

Stepping Forw•rd

Cbaoged into an L·Sianoe

246
R.ighl Walking Sta nce

Stepping Backwanl

Changed into a ~r Fool Slanoe.

Changed iuto an L-S tance

Stepping Forward

247
 From a Right L-Stance

Stepping Forward Changed int.o a Walking Slance

From n Lcf~ Rear Foot S1ance

St«-pplng: n aclcwan1

248
 From a SiUing Stance

Chan«ed ink> a
Tow loft diason.al s&ance.

From a Left Diagonal Stance

Changed into a walking sUlnCX' To t.lul righ t.

249
 Double Stepping Forward

Changecl inlo a Silting S&ance

Double Stepping Backward

Left WaJkin« Stance

Cbangecl into a Rear Foot

St.an~e.

250
Ri~hl Walking Statt<'e Doubl• Stepping Forward

Changed into a
siUing stance.

Changed iotu a rear

foot. ~t·a.nr..e

Raek-ward Double Stepping Left L-IStance

251
 Backward Double Steppin.r;

Cban~ed iniO a
dia!onalauoce.

r.• n R• at Foot Su.nco Double Stepping Forward

Changed into a
SiUin& Stant-e.

252
 From a Right L-Stanec

Treble St.epping

Forward

Changed into a
wal..kiJ•K stance

253
 From a Right Walkin~ Stance

Forward

Treble S<epping

254
 Shift-Stepping (Jajunba/ Omgyo Didigi)
This is merely a stepping motion following a shifting motion,
and it can be performed with any combination; e.g. single shifting
with single stepping, sing le shifting w ith double stepping. double
shifting with single stepping, double shifting w ith double stepping
or treble stepping and so on. Walking, l- and sitting stances are
common for this technique though occasionally fixed. diagonal or
parallel stances are used.

Single Shifting with Single Stepping

From a Lefl. Walking Stance J.lorward

Backward

266
 1'\-om a Righ' L-Stance

Forward

The I&Die mdbocl is a pplicable

s.o a fiJ: ed s:tat:M:e.

2&8
 From u Sitting Stanue

To the right

To Lht lert

267
Single Shifting wi'b
Double S~pping

From a Lef' W31king Slance

Backward

Fl-oon a Right L-Siance

258
 Forward

From a Left Fixed Stance

For-ward

Hac kward

259
From & Sitling Stance

From a Right
Diagonal Stanoo

'J'o the right

260
To Ill• I•Ji

To the right

From a Parallel Stance

261
 Double Shifting wilh Single Stepping

Prom a Walking Stance

Forward

262
Forward
 From an L-Stance
'l'hc same melhod is fiPI>IicAble to a lixed •l<uocc

t'orward

264
Lef'L L-Staue•

na.·kward

266
 Frum a Sitling Stance

To the lofi

266
To lhe righl

267
 Double Shifting witb Double Steppin~

Frou1 a RigM I.-Stance

268
l'orwanl

Backward

To the lefi

The SHme method erm be used for

double shifting with treble stepping
or treble shiftin' witb any number of
t~ tepping motions.

269
 Step-Shifti ng (Omgyo Didimyo Jajunbal)
This is a reverse motion of shift-stepping, and it can be executed
from nearly all stances as far as single stepping is concerned.

Single Stepping with Single Shifting

From a Left Walldng Stance Forward

From a Let\ L-Stance

Tlw ~U.UH· met hod is a pp I icit Ult•
t I) u fix.ocl -:tone<-. Porward

270
 From a Sitting Stanr.e
'l'hr· •IHM mrthod i• applirl\hlr to
diAi(onal nud 1>arallel stanc..·•·

To lheleft

Prom a Ri~' Rear Fool Stance

271
 Double Sleppu>g with Double Shining

To tho lt'lfi

272
 Richt Walkin~ Stanct.

Ji'orward

Sittins: St.anee

273
 Sliding (Miku/gi)
This is one of the most effective techniques in Taekwon -Do for
covering a long distance in one smooth motion. lt is mainly
performed with L- and rear foot stances. though occasionally a
sitting or fixed stance is used. lt can also be executed from any
combination; e.g. slide -shifting, shift-sliding, step -sliding, slide-
stepping, shift -step sliding, double slide-stepping or double step-
shift sliding. and so on.

Forward Changed into a

Rear F'oot. S~nce

Bat.:kward

274
SiUin~ Stance

Fixf'd St:mt1"

275
 Oouble Slid• -Stepping

Ouuhlt· St4'p·Shift S liding

Closing in to tbe opponent

276
 Away from lbe opponent

Away from tho> opponent

277
 Slide-Shifting
Shii\-Sliding

Slep-Sliding

Shift.Step Slid.ir\g

Closing in to the opponent

278
Clo~n~ in to lhe opponent

Away rrom the opponent.

Away from the opponent

279
280
 T urning (Dolgi)
Turning is classified into spot-turning , step-turning and double
step -turn ing. etc.

The following principles must be observed :

1. The ball of the foot is used always as the pivot.
2. Do not lift the heel more than necessary to complete a smoot h
turning motion.
3. Direction of actual turning shou ld be as short as possible.
4. The knee of the stationary leg must be slightly bent w hile turning.

Spot -Tur ning (Gujari Do/gi)

The purpose of this technique is to meet the

opponent approaching from behind, and is ex-
ecu ted in three different methods. lt is mainly
performed with walking, L- and rear foot stances.
though occasionally a fixed or low-stance is used.

Cou.nlf:r~elock" ise TurnirJ&

Cl""kwi!le Tumin &

281
 Ri~bt Walkin~ Stance

~", A side piercing kick is

\ delivered while aurnin~.

/
., ,

I
I

A hookinA kiek is delh·ered

wh ile lurning
•
f>t\-
\

'\ I
Counter-clockwise Turnin~

The Turning is performed pi\'oting

' with the right foot on tht> midline

282
Method One
The turning is performed after moving one
foot on the midline between the feet

Advantage and disadvantage

1. Any attack or defence can be performed
with either foot during the turning .

2. Direction of actual turning is minimized.

I

3. The line of axis is comparatively well

maintained.

4. Correct stance can be performed with one

motion.
I
5. Turning is excuted in two motions. I
I

6. A,rhythmic movement coupled with reac-

tion lorce is lully utili zed .

The turnill& is performed after moving

the ltft foot. on d1e m.idliue
~\
\

Counter-clockwise Turning

283
 From a Left Walking S~ce

Clock wi.!Je Tun1ing

The same meth od is applicable

Councer·clockwde Turn.ing to a low st.ance.

' ' "'---.::, ''

284
 From a Left L- SUnee

I
I
I I
I
I
I

.,.
( ""
I
I \\
I

Coun&.er-.eloekwise
Turn in&

2.85
 From a Right L-Stance
•

~·: .
•
'
•

286
 Only the front foot ean be n~oved on the
midline 11 shown in thia pa~e.

Ri~lll ltear Foo< StarultO !.en Rear Foot Stance

Clookwioe '1\ttnin~ Countu-clockwbe 'l'uminc

287
M ethod Two
1. Correct stance can be performed in one
motion.

2. A limited anack or defence can be per·

formed during the turning.

3. Turning is excuted in one motion.

4. The line of axis can hardly be maintained .

5. The direction of actual turning is com ·

paratively longer.

The tumin.t; is Jl<'rfonned pi•otins with the

ri,ht fool.

f I
I

288
Ri&ht Walking Stance

Knee joint is being aUac·

ked during lhe turning.

'rhe turning is pc.r·

formed pi\10t.ing wilb
the Jen foo~.

A turning k ick is delivered

wbiJe turning.

t
Counter··clock""ise The l;Omc m ethod i3 applicable
Turning to a low atance.

289
 Rigb; L-Stanoe
Rigb; L-Staoce

I
I
\ I
~

.,
I
I
.;:; I
,.-v
I
I
/

Pivo-.ing with the ri~hl foot

CJotk"'ise 1urning

Pi~oti.ng with lhe let\ foo&.

Ctockwi~toe tu.m.ing 'ft1., Yfnft rnetltod is applicabit -
tO a fixed stance.
290
 Len R..,ar Foot Star"'e

Pivoling with the left foot

Counter.clockwi.so turning
Pivoting wilb lb~ right root
Counter·clookwi&& turning
Pivoting is pooaibl~ only wilh lb~
front foot. as shown in this page.
291
 Method Three
The turning is performed
aher moving one foot to the
double shoulder width.

Advantages and disadvantages

1. The balance of the body is

broken due to the double shoul -
der wid th which is bell y.
2. Neither attack nor defence is
possible during the turning be-
cause the body weight is evenly
distributed on both legs.
3. Hard to maintain the line of axis.
4. Stance has to be readj usted aher
the turning to have an ord inary
distance between t he feet.
5. Turning is performed in two
motions.
6. The duration of actual turning is
comparatively shorter.

Coun&er-clockwiiMI Tumln~
I
292
 Lef• Wa lking ~lance

/)
Not only is tbe balance brokto hut
also his irupracti<:alto mO\"t the foot
to a double sboulcle.r width in a
parallel line.

Both le~.. art- btiu~ auaekt'd

v.·hile turnin~.

Stance has btcn

l'e:uljustt d, rur
i~ was short.

293
Step -T urn ing

The advamage of this technique is the

ability to face an opponent in any direc-
tion while being able to instantly change
the direction and body position as well as
covering a w rde distance.
For exercise purposes. this turni ng is
executed in the opposite direction, in a
180 degree radius. however. it can bo
/
executed clockw ise. counter-clockwise.
forward or beckward.
The step -turning can also be performed
In any combination of shifting or sliding
motion.
Walking, L- and sitting stances are
common though occasionally a f ixed or
diagonal stance is used.

Bow 10 f~cc an opponent

Cf CM' kw i.5.e

294
Cou n&~ ~rlocL:"· i~

295
 Forward Step-Turning

Clockwi!H'

From a lti~ht Walking S14nce

~ - - --­
'
·............
..
~

('..fJIIIIIt•r •f•loekwi!KI

--- -- -~ ....
296
 Backward tep ·Turning

Prom a Left WalkinK Stance

Cou.nt.e.·-clockwise

297
 Counter·elookwiae Turnin'

Forward Step· Tumin&

Fron t a Righ' L-SI&nce

Clockwise Turnjng

(!
•

Bnckw~rd St~p· T umin&

•;,.._,;. ______. . . J
J.,_
-----~
-""'

Th ~ sam e pri.nejpJe js a-pplicable to a lixed. s1ance.

298
Coontt'.r ~eloekwi.~ Turning

Sideway Step- Turning

From a Sitting Stance

-~n ~ - =- - - n
~

Clock wbe Turning

"----. ... .....

f 1
The same principle is applicable to a dhagooal stance.

299
 Double Step-Turning ( lbo Omgyo Didimyo Dolgi)

This turn ing can cover a wider distance than the others. and is
conducive for changing directions. lt is execu ted forward. backward
and either clockwise or counter-clockwise.
lt can be per formed with any combination of stances. steppi ng,
shifting, slid ing or jumping motions. Walking L-and rearfoot stances
are most com mon though occasionally a fixed or low stances are
used.

Forward Double Step· Turning

• .--
\j,
;
"'

-";---.:"-..* '---
'

FTom a Rig ht Walking Stance

"' 0
I ••

300
 CJockwisc Turning

From o Left Wo.lkin~: Slancc

Connter·dOC";kwise Turning

/
,.,.:,4"'
/

__.·-------·~~--/-----

. Clockwise 1\arniug

I
I J
I
I
I
I

------ :::,~--
\
301
 Counrer-e.loek~·i~ Turning

'

From a RiJ(M L-Stance

302
From a Lef~ L-S&ance

I
I
I
I
I

"''\

I
I
I
I
' ;.

r
'\
.."' \
I

303
Backward Double Step-Tur ning Coun ~r -cl ookw i :t.e Turning:

From a Rigbt Walking Stance

,,
0 I
' ,
.,

Clockwise Turning
 From a Lef' Walldng Stance

Clockwise Turning !)

I
Counk', r -t:l()('.kwi~ \

Turning ' I

!)

/
/
...
"'

Clodcwis.~ Turning

_,___:"Y./:.___ __ I
I
I
The same principle is ApplicAble I
to a low st.ance. & ~'
'•

305
 Couoter·clockwisc 1'ur:nin~

• \. <J

From a Ri~ht L-Stanee

• ---

The same principle is applicable to a fixed sLance.

Clockwise Turninp;

306
 From a Lef£ L-Stance

I
I
I
I
I
~

'
-' \

f) I<

r Clockwise Turning
..
,•
I
I
I
I

'.:v. l
307
 Varialion oC St.ance While Turning

Spo< 'hn>inc

Chan,edintoa Righl Count.er-clookwise Righl Walking

L·S1ance ·ru_m ln' Slanee

308
Right L-St.ance Clockwise Turnin~ Changed into a l•ft
rear foot stance

Left L-Stance

fhan~ed into a lef&

Counter.t.Jockwise Turning walkin~ stance

309
 Double Step-Turnin~

ChaoiOd into a Rear

Fool Seance

tl1anged into t. Fixed S tAill' e

Chon.ttd into Ill L-St.a•we

310
Double Step- hill-Slide Turnifl&

Ctuwged into an L·!S~nco

311
312
Shin. Treble -S~p-Siide Turnin.s

Chtmgecl into a Siuin& Stance

Cha nged into a Fixtd Stance

Double-!;tep·.Shill·l ump Turning

Ch1U13ed into an X..Stance

313
Jumping ( Twigi)

There are two purposes for jumping:

1. To cover a protracted distance m one

motion.

2. To dodge a low swing ing pole or sword

attack.
A correct posture shou ld be resumed im-
med iately after landing.
The L-. sitting and X-stances oresent the best
postures for this technique.

314
J..'i"CORREG'T
&tb feet are droo~d.

315
Body Dropp i ng {Mom Nachugi)

Although not widely used, this tech -

mque can be quite successful when ap -
plied properly. One of the primary pur-
poses of this technique is to evade a flying
attack directed toward the high section.
The drop must be performed in one
swi ft motion without any " telegraphing"
on the part of the defender. If the assailant
is able to anticipate the drop, the defender
w ill. in his prone position. be mainly
helpless.
Do not attempt to bob or weave the
head before the execution; not only is this
a useless maneuver but the defender may
also lose sight of even the slightest vari-
ation of the opponent's movement.

318
317
 Foot lifting (BBI Dulgi)

This technique is normally used

to avoid a pressing or sweeping
kick. A n added advantage is the
ability to counter -attack with the
same foot.

318
31 9
320
 GROUND FOOT TECHNIQUE (Noowo Bat Gisool)

The student of Taekwon-Do should be able to meet an

opponent or opponents even in a reclining position. A technique
performed with the foot whi le lying down is called a ··ground foot
technique" and is used at a close range.
lt is divided into attack and defence techniq ues.

Ground Front Snap Kick

(Noowo Apch8 Busigi)

With &win fOGl

321
 Ground Side Piercing Kick (Noowo Yopcha Jlrugi)

Ground Side Thrusting Kick (Noowo Yopcha Tulgi)

The kicking proceduro is the samo as that of a ground side

piercing kick with the exception of the attacking tool.

322
Ground Downward Kick (Noowo Naeryo Chagi)

This technique is mainly performed with the back heel though

occasionally the ball of the foot is used. In either case the kicking leg
must be properly bent at the moment of impact.

Back Heel

Ball of lbe FOOl

323
 Ground Tuminr; Kick (NOOtDO Doll1fo ClltJgi)

Ground Vertical Kick (NOOVJO Sft/JO 0/iQgi)

Two Direction Kick

324
Ground Twisting Kick (Noowo Bitu1o Chagi)

The ball of the foot is the main attacking tool though the instep is
also a tool for middle twisting kick and the toes can be used when
wearing shoes.

325
 Ground Pl'ont Checlriog Kick (NOOIIIO ApcAa Jfcmeltvgi)

Ground Crescenl Kick (NOOtDO Btmdal C/w.gi)

Ground Hooldn~ Kick (Noowo Gok/&o Clu.gi)

326
 Ground Leg Crossing (Noowo Dari Kogi)

This is w idely used for protecting the

lower abdomen or points below. An ad -
vantage of this technique is that the block-
ing legs can be swiftly coverted into a
simultaneous counter-attack to both sides.

'J'w il~ Kick Verlical Kick

327
 Ground Knee Bending (Noowo
Moorup Guburigi)

The uses of this technique are sim ilar

to those of a leg crossing .

328
Ground Dodging (Nouwo Pihagi)

329
 APPENDIX

Crescent Kick
Flying Crescent Kick
Flying Hooking Kick
BLOCK ING· Front Checking Kick
Front Risrng Kick
Gro und Checking Kick
Ground Crescent Kick
DEFENCE TEC HNIQUES ·
Body Dropping
Foot Shifting
Jumping
Knee Bending
DODGING· Leg Crossing
Leg lifting
FOOT TECHNIQ U ES Rolling
Sl id ing
Stepping
Turning

Back Piercing Kick

Back Pushing Kick
Back Snap Kick
Consecutive Kick
ATTACK TECHNIQUES · Counter Kick
Directions o f Kick
Dodging Kick
Downward Kick
Front Snap Kick
Grasoing Kick
Ground Downward Kick
Ground Front Snap Kick
Ground High Twisting Kick
- Grond Midd le Twisting Kick
Grond Side Piercing Kick
Ground Side Thrusting Kick

330
Ground Turning Kick Flying U -Shape Punching Side Kick
Ground Vertical Kick Flying Vertical Double Side Kick
Flying Back Piercing kick Flying Vertical Punching Front Kick
Flying Combination Kick Flying Vertical Triple Side Kick
Flying Combination Kick and Punch Foot Tackling
Flying Concecutive Kick Inward Vertical Kick
Flying Crescent Kick M id -Air Kick
Flying Double Foot Side Pushing Kick Outward Vertical Kick
Flying Front and Turni ng Kick Overhead Double Kick
Flyi ng Front and Twisting Kick Ouverhead Kick
Flying Downward Kick Pick Shape Kick
Flying Four Direction Kick Reflex Kick
Flying Front and Double Kick Reverse Hooking Kick
Flying Front Kick Reverse Turn1ng Kick
Flying Front Side Kick Side Front Snap Kick
Flying High Kick Side Piercing Kick
Flying High Side Kick Side Punching Kick
Flying High Turning Kick Side Pushing Kick
Flying High Twisting Kick Side Thrusting Kick
Flying Hooking Kick Sid e Turning Kick
Flying Horizontal Double Side Kick Skip Kick
Flying Horizontal Striki ng Kick Stamping Kick
Flying Horizontal Triple Side Kick Straight Kick
Flying Inward Vertical Kick Sweeping Kick
Flying Middle Tw isting Kick Turning Kick
Flying Outward Vertical Kick Twisting Kick
Flying Reverse Turning K1ck Two Direction Kick
Flying Scissor- Shape Kick
Upward Kick
Flying Side and Back Kick
U -Shape Punching Kick
Flying Side and Turning Kick
Flying Side Front Kick
Flying Side Piercing Kick
Flying Side Pushing Kick
Flying Side Thrusting Kick
Flying Square-Punching Kick
Flying Spiral Kick
Flying Three Direction Kick
Flying Trapezoid Kick
Flying Trip le Turning Kick
Flying Turmng K1ck
Flying Twin Foot Front Kick
Flying Tw in Foot High Kick
Flying Twin Foot Side Piercing Kick
Flying Tw in Foot Side Thrusting Kick
Fly1ng Tw.n Foot Turning Kick
Flying Tw in Foot Twisting Kick

331
 INDEX

appendix 332.333 dodging twisting kick 161

attack techniques (gong gyok gi) 19-161 dodging vertical kick 161
double stepping 232-239
downward kick (naeryo chagi) 66. 67
B
back piercing kick (dwitcha jirugi) 34, 35 E
back pushing kick (dwitcha milgi) 34, 35
back snap kick (dwitcha busigi) 54 F
blocking (makgi) 163- 181
body dropping (mom nachug i) 316, 317 flying back kick (twimyo dwitchagi) 122
flying combination kick (twimyo honap
chagi) 155-157
c f lying combination kick and punch
(twimyo honap chagi wa jirugi) 157
c hecking kick (cha momchugi) 176-179 flying consecutive kick (twimyo yonsok
front checking kick 1 76. 177 chagi) 152- 154
side checking kick 178, 179 flying crescent kick (twimyo bandal
consecutive kick (yonsok chagi) 102 - chagi) 143
105 flying crescent and side kick (twimyo
counter kick (bada chagi) 93 -96 bandal chago yop chagi) 152
courtesy (ye ui) 10-12 flying double front kick (twimyo i-jung
crescent k•ck (bandal chagl) 168-173 apchagi) 147
inside block 172, 173 flying double kick {twimyo i-jung chagi)
outside block 169, 171 146, 148
flying double foot side pushing kick
(twimyo doobal yopcha milgi ) 135
D flying double side kick (twimyo i -jung
yop chagi) 146
defence tech niques (bang eau gi) 163- flying double turning kick (twimyo i-jung
320 dollyo chag i) 146
direction of kick (chan bang hyang) 106, flying double twisting kick (twimyo i -
107 jung bituro chagi) 147
dodging (pihagi) 183-201 flying downward kick (twimyo naeryo
dodging kick (pihamyo chagi) 159-161 chagi) 132
dodging front kick 160 flying lour direction kick (twimyo sabang
dodging reverse turning kick 160 chagi) 156. 157
dodging side piercing kick 159 flying front and twisti ng kick (twimyo
dodging turning kick 159 apchago bituro chagi) 152
332
 flying front kick ( twimyo apchagi) 110. flying trapezoid punching -kick (tw io
111 jegak jirumyo chagi) 141
flying high kick (twi myo nopi chagi) 126. flying triple kick (twimyo samjung chagi)
127 149-15 1
flying high reverse turning kick (twimyo flying tri ple front kick (twimyo samjung
nopi bandae dollyo chagi) 140 ap chagi) 150
fiying high side kick (twimyo nopi yop flying triple kick (twimyo samjung chagi)
chagi) 139 149
flying high turning k ick (twimyo nopi flying triple t urning kick (twimyo sam-
dollyo chagi) 140 jung dollyo chagi) 151
flying reverse hooking and turning kick flying triple twisting kick (twimyo sam-
(twimyo bandae dollyo goro chago jung bituro chagi) 151
dollyo chagi) 153 flying turning kick (twimyo dollyo chagi )
fl ying hooking kick (twimyo golcho 114, 115
chag i) 144 flying twin foot front checking kick
flying horizontal striking-kick (twimyo (twimyo sangbal apcha momchugi)
soopyong taerimyo chagi ) 142 133
flying kick (tw imyo chagi ) 109-161 flying twin foot front kick (twimyo san-
flying reverse hooking and double side gbal ap chagi) 132
kick (twimyo bandae dollyo goro flying twin foot high kick (twimyo san -
chago i-jung yop chagi) 154 gbal nopi chagi) 137
flying reverse hooking and side kick flying twin foot side piercing kick
(twimyo bandae dollyo goro chago (twimyo doobal yopcha jirugi) 134
yop chagi) 1 53 flying twin foot turning kick (twimyo
f lying reverse hookin g and double turn - sangbal dollyo chagi) 135
ing kick (twimyo bandae goro chago i- flying twin foot middle twisting kick
jung dollyo c hagi) 151 (twimyo sangbal kaunde bituro chagi)
flying reverse hooking and turning kick 136, 137
(twimyo bandae dollyo goro chago flying twisting kick (twimyo bituro chagi)
dollyo chagi) 116, 11 7 123
flying side front kick (twimyo yobap flying two direction kick (twimyo san-
chag i) 112, 113 gbang chagi) 145
flying side piercing kick (twimyo yopcha f lying U-shape punching side kick (twio
jirugi) 118, 119 digutja jirumyo yop c hag i) 14 1
f lyin g side pushing kick (twimyo yopcha f lying vertical kick (twimyo sewo chagi)
milgi) 120, 121 124, 125
flying side thrusting kick (twimyo yop foot li fting (bal dulgi) 3 18, 319
cha Tulgi) 119 foot shifting Gajunbal) 184-201
flying side-twist ing kick (twimyo yop sing le foot 184 -189
bituro chagi) 145 both feet 190-201
flying scissors-shape kick (twimyo kawi foot tackling (bal golgi ) 97-99
chagi ) 138 front checking kick (apc ha momchugi)
flying spiral kick (tw imyo sunhwesik 176, 177
chagi ) 154 front punch ing kick (ap jirumyo chag i) 89
flying three direction kick (twimyo sam- front rising kick (apcha olligi) 164, 165
bang chagi) 154, 155 front snap kick (apcha busigi) 41-53
333
 _ __ _ G J
grasping kick (butjabgo chagi) 85-87 jumping (twigi) 314. 315
ground crescent kick (noowo bandal
chagi) 3 26 K
ground dodging (noowo pihagi) 329
ground downward kick (noowo naeryo
chagi) 323 L
ground front checking kick (noowo
apcha momchugi) 326 low kick (najunde chagi) 22. 23
ground front snap kick (noowo ap chagi) low twi51ing kick (najunde bituro chagi)
319 74
ground foot technique (noowo bal _ ___ M
gisool) 319-327
ground hooking kick (noowo golcho mid -air double kick (twio dollmyo i-jung
chagi) 326 chagi ) 148
ground knee bending (noowo moorup mid -air kick (twio dollmyo chagi) 128,
guburigi) 328 129
ground leg crossing (noowo bal kogi) middle kick (kaunde chagi) 22. 23
327 middle twisting kick (kaunde bitu ro
ground side piercing k ick (nowo yopcha chagi) 75. 76
jirugi) 322 ball of t he foot 75
ground side thrusting kick (noowo instep 75
yopcha tulgi) 322 toes 75
g round turning kick (noowo dollyo
chagi) 324 N
ground twisting kick (noowo bituro
chagi ) 325
ground vertical kick (noowo sew o chagi) 0
324
outcurved line 210 -21 3
H overhead double kick (twio nomo i -jung
chagi) 131
high kick (nopunde chagi) 20, 21 overhead kick (twio nomo chagi) 130.
high twist ing kick (nopunde bituro 131
chagi) 77
hooking kick (golcho chagi) 180. 181 p
horizontal striking -kick (soopyong
taerimyo chagi) 90, 91 perseverance (in nae) 10. 11 , 13
horizontal wave (soopyong son) 203 pick-shape kick (gok-kaeng-i chagi) 67.
68
I back heel 67
ball of the foot 68
incurved line 231 piercing kick (cha jirugi) 25 -35
indomitable spirit (baekjul bool-gool) 10, pressing k ick (noollo chagi) 80 -82
11 , 14 inward kick 82
integrity (yom chi) 10-1 2 outward kick 80. 81
334
punching -kick (jirumyo chagi) 88. 89 saw tooth wave 203-209
'
shift stepping 255-269
Q sine wave 203 -269
sliding 274-279
R step shifting 270-273
straight line 222-226
reflex kick (bansa chagi) 158 treble steppi ng 242-245
reverse hooking kick (bandae dollyo goro variation of stance while stepping 246-
chagi) 72, 73 254
reverse turning kick (bandae dollyo step shifting 270-273
chagi) 70, 71 straight line 222-226
back heel 70 straight kick (jigeau chagi) 87
bal l of the foot 71 sweeping kick (suro h chagi ) 83. 84
rising kick (cha olligi) 164-167 back heel 84
front rising kick 164. 165 side sole 83
side rising k ick 166. 167
s T

saw toot h wave (topnalson) 203 -209 tenets of Taekwon - Do (Taekwon - Do

self-control (guk gi) 10, 11, 13 jungshin) 10-1 4
shift stepping 255 -269 thrusting kick {tuloomyo chagi) 92
side checking kick (yopcha momchugi) treble stepping 242 245
178, 179 turning (dolgi) 281-313
side front snap kick (yobap cha busigi) double step turning 300-307
54, 55 spot turning 281-293
ball of the foot 54 step turning 294-299
instep 55 variation of stance while turning 308-
toes 55 313
side piercing kick (yopcha jirugi) 25 -33 turning kick {dollyo chagi) 58 -64
side punching -kick (yop jirumyo chagi) ball of the foot 59 -61
88, 89 instep 63. 64
side pushing kick (yopcha milgi) 38, 39 knee 62
side rising kick (yopcha olligi) 166, 167 toes 62
side turning kick (yop dollyo chagi) 65 twisting kick (bituro chagi) 74- 77
side thrusting kick (yopcha tulgi) 36, 37 ball of the foot 75-77
sine wave (yulson) 203-209 instep 76
skip kick (durokamyo chagi) 99, 100 knee 75
sliding (mikulgi) 274-279 toes 75
smashing kick (cha busigi) 40 -66 two direction kick (sangbang chagi) 101
stamping kick {cha bapgi) 57
stepping (omgyo didigi) 202-277 u
double stepping 232-239
horizontal wave 203, 207, 208 u-shape punching -kick (digutja jirumyo
incurved line 231 chagi) 88
outcurved line 210 -213 upward kick (ollyo chagi) 69
335
 V
vertical kick (sewo chagi ) 78. 79
rootsword 76
reverse footsword 79

w
wavmg kick (doro chagi) 174, 175

z
zigzag line 228·230

336
 SYNOPSIS

The Encyclopedia of Taekwon- Do consists of 16 volumes. The contents

of each volume is listed below:

VO LUM E 1: 1) Origin and Development of Martial Arts

2) History of Taekwon- Do
3) Moral Culture
4 ) Philosophy
5) Training Schedule
6) Cycle and Composition of Taekwon-Do
7) Demonstrat ion
A) M odel Sparring
B) Pre-arranged Free Sparring
C) Sample of Self-defence Techn iques
8) About the Author
9) Group photos
VOLUME 11: 1 ) Theory of Power
2) Attacking and Blocking Tools
3) Vital Sports
4) Training
A) Tra ining Hall
B) Conduct in Do Jang
C) Training Equipment
D) Practice Suits
5) Stances
6) Training Aids
VOLUME Ill: Hand Techniques
VOLUME IV: Foot Techniques
VOLUME V: Sparring
VOLUME VI: Fundamental Exercises (A )
VOLUME V II: Fundamental Exercises (B)
337
VOLUME VIII: 1) Four- Direction Punch
2) Four- Direction Block
3) Pattern Chon -Ji
4) Pattern Dan-Gun
5) Pattern Do -San
VOLUME IX: 1) Pattern Won- Hyo
2) Pattern Yui-Guk
3) Pattern Joong-Gun
VOLUME X : 1) Pattern Toi -Gae
2) Four -Direction Thrust
3) Pattern Hwa- Rang
4) Pattern Choong-M oo
VOLUME XI : 1) Pattern Gwang-Gae
2) Pattern Po -Eun
3) Pattern Ge-Baek
VOLUME XII: 1) Pattern Eui -Am
2) Pattern Choong-Jang
•
3) Pattern Juche
VOLUME XIII: 1) Pattern Sam-11
2) Pattern Yoo-Sin
3) Pattern Choi- Yong
VOLUME XIV: 1) Pattern Yon-Gae
2) Pattern UI-Ji
3) Pattern Moon - Moo
VOLUME XV : 1) Pattern So-San
2) Pattern Se-Jong
3) Pattern Tong -11

338
339