PREPARATION OUTLINE ASSIGNMENT
Academic Speaking
NAME : Oriza Basmah Najibah
NPM : 20227479054
Why We Should Sleep?
Specific Purpose: To Inform my audience of how sleep is important and how sleep can affect
our bodies.
Central Idea: describing the definition of sleep, how sleep can give a good effect on our
brain, and what will happen when someone has a lack of sleep.
Introduction
I. Imaging feeling refreshed, energized, and ready to take on the day in the morning
after you wake up
II. How many of you experience that feeling every morning? And how often do you
feel it?
III. One key to feeling refreshed in the morning is sleeping enough at night.
IV. Then, what will happen if we don’t sleep enough?
V. In this speech, I’d like to talk about sleeping and how sleep can affect our brain
and physical health.
(Transition: Let’s start with the definition of sleep)
Body
I. Sleep is known as a crucial component of health development and overall health
(Chaput, Dutil, and Kanyinga, 2018)
A. Good and healthy sleep is determined by the duration, quality, and absence of
sleep disorder
B. However, sleep needs may vary from one person to another based on age or
lifespan
(Transition: after we know about sleep, now let’s move to the effect of sleep to
our brain)
II. Sleeping is beneficial for our brain and memory.
A. Sleep is connected with memory aid both before learning and after learning
B. Sleeping the night before learning can prepare the brain to absorb information
during the day.
1. The part of the brain called the hippocampus is a short-term reservoir, or
temporary information store, for accumulating new memories in a day
before passing it to the long-term memory storage
2. The hippocampus has a storage limit. If it reach the limit, then we
experience what we called forgetting.
3. sleep helped solve this storage problem by way of a file-transfer
mechanism
4. based on research, sleep can produce spindles
5. the more spindles a person has at night, the greater restoration and learning
ability the next day.
C. Sleeping the night after learning is like a save button for the new information
we’ve got.
1. Sleep after learning to protect our brain from forgetting
2. Some stages of sleep help the brain to store memory in the long-term
memory.
D. Besides Sleeping is used to store memory, actually sleeping also can “erase”
the memory which we think is not important.
1. The capacity for forgetting in the brain also increases the capacity for
remembering
2. Forgetting stored information that no longer we need lowers the brain
resource required for retrieving
E. Sleeping can also be used for other types of memory such as music and motor-
skill memories.
F. Last benefit of sleep for memory is creativity. Sleeping during REM stage, led
to some of the greatest feats of transformative thinking in the history of the
human race
(Transition: we have studied how sleep has a good impact on our brain. Now,
let’s see what happen to our brain if we don’t have enough sleep)
III. There are also some deadly consequences of sleep deprivation to the brain
A. We are hard to maintain our attention span.
1. The culprits of this are sleep-deprived and microsleep
2. Microsleep is your brain becomes blind to the outside world for a brief
moment—and not just the visual domain. Most of the time you have no
awareness of the event
3. Microsleep is very dangerous because it can cause an accident especially
when you’re in your vehicle.
4. 1.2 million accidents are caused by sleepiness each year in the United
States.
5. Based on the research conducted by Dinges, sleepness can cause entirely
missed responses and individuals who slept eight hours every night
maintained a stable, near-perfect performance.
B. Taking a nap can reduce microsleep
1. The research conducted by Dinges proves that pilots with a short time of
napping before long period flight can reduce the possibility of being
microsleep
C. Lack of sleep plays with our emotions.
1. sleep deprivation influenced the emotional brain at a neural level, despite
the professional, psychiatric, and societal ramifications.
2. sleep-deprived has also been linked to aggression, bullying, and behavioral
problems in children across a range of ages.
3. A research study by Harvey shows that good quality of sleep can heal
some mental illnesses like bipolar, anxiety, and suicide.
D. Sleep deprivation makes us feel tired and forget everything
1. Memories formed without sleep are weaker memories, evaporating rapidly
E. A lack of sleep is a factor determining whether or not you will develop
Alzheimer’s disease.
1. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by a toxic form of a protein called beta-
amyloid which kills the brain cell around it
2. The position of this beta-amyloid is in the area called frontal lobe which is
the brain region essential for electrical generation of Deep NREM sleep in
healthy young individuals.
3. getting too little sleep across the adult life span will significantly raise your
risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
(Transition: After knowing how sleep can be a game changer to our
mental health, then what is its impact to our physical body? Next, I’m
going to share some of the impact of sleeping to our physical health)
IV. Lack of sleep and the impact on physical health
1. Sleep loss cause cardiovascular system
a. In a Japanese study of over 4,000 male workers. Over a fourteen-year
period, those sleeping six hours or less were 400 to 500 percent more
likely to suffer one or more cardiac arrests than those sleeping more than
six hours.
b. Another risk that might be raised is blood pressure.
2. Sleep loss cause diabetes, weight gain, and obesity
a. Chronic sleep deprivation is now recognized as one of the major
contributors to the escalation of type 2 diabetes throughout first-world
countries. It’s a preventable contribution
b. From research by Van Cauter shows that the sleep-restricted participants
had lost their hunger control.
c. getting enough sleep will help you control body weight. We found that a
full night of sleep repairs the communication pathway between deep-brain
areas that unleash hedonic desires and higher-order brain regions whose
job it is to rein in these cravings
3. sleep loss impacts the reproduction system
a. Routinely sleeping less than six hours a night results in a 20 percent drop
in follicular-releasing hormone in women
b. Sleeping less also affect testosterone for men. Males with low testosterone
often feel tired and fatigued throughout the day. They find it difficult to
concentrate on work tasks, as testosterone has a sharpening effect on the
brain’s ability to focus
Conclusion
I. Sleep is the benchmark of someone’s overall health
II. Sleeping can strengthen our memory
III. Sleeping is needed to get a better learning process
IV. Less sleep may cause so many deadly troubles like micro sleeping, mood swing,
aggressiveness, and led us to depression.
V. Less sleep can cause Alzheimer
VI. Less sleep also dangerous for our body because it caused disturbance of
cardiovascular system, diabetes and obesity, and reproduction system.
