Topics to be covered

1. Introduction - Overview of automation and UFT(QTP)

2. Concepts of VBScript
3. Record and Playback, Object Repository, Actions
4. DataTables & Checkpoints
5. Synchronization, Smart Identification
6. Error handling and recovery scenarios
7. Environment Variables, library files, test results
8. Accessing databases
9. Working with XML
10. Descriptive programming
11. Framework and automation object Model.

Q. Why we need test automation?

1. To save time and money.

2. Software tests have to be repeated often during development cycles to ensure quality. Every time
source code is modified software tests should be repeated. For each release of the software it may be
tested on all supported operating systems and hardware configurations. Manually repeating these tests
is costly and time consuming. Once created, automated tests can be run over and over again at no
additional cost and they are much faster than manual tests.

Q. What is regression testing?

Regression testing is testing existing software applications to make sure that a change or addition hasn’t
broken any existing functionality. Its purpose is to catch bugs that may have been accidentally
introduced into a new build or release candidate, and to ensure that previously eradicated bugs
continue to stay dead.

Q. Why we need testing tools?

To perform our daily testing activities we need testing tools. Right from planning, requirements, creating
build, test execution, defect logging.

Various tools:

Test Management Tool – Plan tests, gather data from test run in different environments, log defects e.g
HP QC

Configuration management tools - Configuration management is a technique or discipline to

systematically manage, organize the changes in the documents, codes, artifacts and other entities
during the development life cycle. E.g Perforce
Test data Preparation Tools - When an extensive range or volume of data is needed for testing then
using the test data preparation tool is of great help. They are used for performance testing.

Test Execution Tools: Tools like Qtp are test execution tools which help execute your code.

Performance testing tools: These measure the performance of your application in peak traffic time e.g
load runner.

Incident Management Tools: Unplanned interruption to an IT service is incident.

What is QTP or UFT?

QTP Stands for quick test professional, owned by HP now named as Unified Functional Testing

Advantages

 Developing automated tests using VBScript doesn't require a highly skilled coder and relatively
easy when compared other object oriented programming languages.
 Easy to use, ease of navigation, results validation and Report generation.
 Readily Integrated with Test Management Tool(Hp-Quality Center) which enables easy
scheduling and Monitoring.
 Can also be used for Mobile Application Testing.
 Since it is a Hp product, the full support is provided by HP and by its forums for addressing
technical issues.

Disadvantages

 Unlike Selenium, QTP works in Windows operating system only.

 Not all versions of Browsers are supported and the testers need to wait for the patch to be
released for each one of the major versions.
 Having said that it is a commercial tool, the licensing cost is very high
 Even though scripting time is less, the execution time is relatively higher as it puts load on CPU
& RAM.
Stages in automation

Feasibility Analysis: Find out whether it is possible to automate given test.

Appropriate Tool Selection: Select a suitable tool.
Evaluate a suitable framework: Find out a suitable framework
Build the Proof of Concept: Proof of Concept (POC) is developed with an end to end scenario to
evaluate if the tool can support the automation of the application.
Develop Automation Framework:
Develop Test Script, Execute and Analyze:

UFT record and playback:

Recording and playing back of recorded script:
Significance of record and playback:
 It is used as a preliminary method of investigation whether application is recognized by qtp and
can be automated.
 Used to create a test a basic functionality of an application or feature that
does not require long-term maintenance
 It can be used to record both mouse movement and keyboard inputs

Modes of recording:
Normal Mode: This is the default mode of recording; it records various objects and operations
performed on application under test.
Analog Mode: It records mouse movements relative to screen in AUT together with keyboard
movements.
Low-Level Recording: This records the exact co-ordinates of the objects independent of the fact
whether UFT recognizes the object or NOT. It just records the co-ordinates, hence does NOT record
mouse movements.
Insight Recording: UFT records operation based on its appearance and NOT based on its native
properties.
Q. How to select recording Modes?
When you select recording button it gives you all the above options.

Example of recording modes

The Below Scenario is recorded in all the modes and see how the same action has been recorded under
various circumstances.

Launch IE - http://easycalculation.com/

Click "Numbers" under "Algebra"

Click "Square Root" link
Enter a value to calculate the square root. Let us say 10
Hit Calculate
Script Recorded under Default, Analog and Low Level Recording Mode.
' DEFAULT RECORDING MODE
Browser("Free Online Math Calculator").Page("Free Online Math
Calculator").Link("Numbers").Click
Browser("Free Online Math Calculator").Page("Numbers Calculator - Math").Link("Square
Root").Click
Browser("Free Online Math Calculator").Page("Square Root
Calculator").WebEdit("n").Set "10"
Browser("Free Online Math Calculator").Page("Square Root
Calculator").WebButton("calculate").Click

' LOW LEVEL RECORDING MODE

Window("Windows Internet Explorer").WinObject("Internet Explorer_Server").Click
235,395
Window("Windows Internet Explorer").WinObject("Internet Explorer_Server").Click
509,391
Window("Windows Internet Explorer").WinObject("Internet Explorer_Server").Click
780,631
Window("Windows Internet Explorer").WinObject("Internet Explorer_Server").Type "10"
Window("Windows Internet Explorer").WinObject("Internet Explorer_Server").Click
757,666
 Concepts Of Vbscript
Features OF VbScript:
1. Lightweight scripting language, and has a lightning fast interpreter
2. VBScript, for the most part, is case insensitive. It has a very simple syntax, easy to learn
and to implement.
3. Unlike C++ or Java, VBScript is an object-based scripting language and NOT an Object-
Oriented Programming language
4. It uses Component Object Model (COM) in order to access the elements of the
environment in which it is executing.
5. Successful execution of VBScript can happen only if it is executed in Host Environment
such as Internet Explorer (IE), Internet Information Services (IIS) and Windows Scripting
Host (WSH).

Variables in VbScript
Dim is used to declare variable sin vbscript for e.g dim avg. Here you need not declare the data
type of variable by default all variables are of variant type.
 Variable Name must begin with an alphabet.
 Variable names cannot exceed 255 characters.
 Variables Should NOT contain a period(.)
 Variable Names should be unique in the declared context.
 The numeric values should be declared without double quotes.
 The String values should be enclosed within doublequotes(")
 Date and Time variables should be enclosed within hash symbol(#)
Variables have the following scope
 Dim
 Public
 and private
Constants
const pi=3.14
Const myString = "VBScript"
Const myDate = #01/01/2050#
This will give an errror as value of const cannot be changed
Operators
Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, %, ^ (exponent)
Comparison Operators: ==, <>,>, <,>=, <=
Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT, XOR
Concatenation Operators: +, &. + is an overloaded operator here when used with strings it does
string concatenation and with numeric values it does addition.

Decision making
If statement, if..else statement, if..elseif…else, Switch / select
Select Case Utilities.Uppercase(strMenuOption)
Case "HR SYSTEM OPTIONS"
Case "STORE PARAMETERS"
End select

Loops
For..Loop – it executes the loop a given no of times
For…each Loop – for e.g
fruits is an array
fruits=Array("apple","orange","cherries")
Dim fruitnames
'iterating using For each loop.
For each item in fruits
fruitnames=fruitnames&item&vbnewline
Next
apple
orange
cherries

While Wend…loop -In a While..Wend loop, if the condition is True, all statements are executed
until Wend keyword is encountered. For e.g

Dim Counter : Counter = 10

While Counter < 15 ' Test value of Counter.

Counter = Counter + 1 ' Increment Counter.
msgbox "Current values of counter is :"&Counter
Wend ' While loop exits if Counter Value becomes 15.

The Current Value of the Counter is : 11

The Current Value of the Counter is : 12
The Current Value of the Counter is : 13
The Current Value of the Counter is : 14
The Current Value of the Counter is : 15
Do…While Loop : The do..While statements will be executed as long as condition is True.(i.e.,)
The Loop should be repeated till the condition is False. For e.g
Do While i < 5
i=i+1
msgBox "The value of i is : " & i
Loop
The value of i is: 1
The value of i is: 2
The value of i is: 3
The value of i is: 4
The value of i is: 5

A Do..Until loop is used when we want to repeat a set of statements as long as the condition is
false. The Condition may be checked at the beginning of the loop or at the end of loop.

i=10
Do Until i>15 'Condition is False.Hence loop will be executed
i=i+1
Masgbox "The value of i is:" &i
Loop
The value of i is : 11
The value of i is : 12
The value of i is : 13
The value of i is : 14
The value of i is : 15
The value of i is : 16

Loop Control Statements

Exit For statement: Terminates the For loop statement and transfers execution to the
statement immediately following the loop

Dim a : a=10
For i=0 to a Step 2 'i is the counter variable and it is incremented by 2
Msgbox "The value is i is : " & i
If I = 4 Then
I = i*10 'This is executed only if i=4
Msgbox "The value is i is : " & i
Exit For 'Exited when i=4
End If
Next

The value is i is : 0,
The value is i is : 2
The value is i is : 4
The value is i is : 40

Exit Do statement: Terminates the Do While statement and transfers execution to

the statement immediately following the loop.
i=0
Do While i <= 100
If i > 10 Then
Exit Do ' Loop Exits if i>10
End If
msgbox "The Value of i is : " &i
i=i+2
Loop

The Value of i is: 0

The Value of i is : 2
The Value of i is : 4
The Value of i is : 6
The Value of i is : 8
The Value of i is : 10

Number Conversion Functions:

Cdbl – A function which converts a given number of ant variant subtype to double.
Cint - A function which converts a given number of ant variant subtype to Int.
CLng - A Function, which converts a given number of any variant subtype to Long.
CSng - A Function, which converts a given number of any variant subtype to Single.
Hex - A Function which converts a given number of any variant subtype to
Hexadecimal.
FormatNumber - A Function, which would return an expression formatted as a number
FormatPercent – A Function which would return an expression formatted as a
percentage.

Mathemetical Functions:
Int - A Function, which returns the integer part of the given number.
Fix - A Function, which returns the integer part of the given number.
Log - A Function, which returns the natural logarithm of the given number. Negative
numbers disallowed.
Oct - A Function, which returns the Octal value of the given percentage.
Hex - A Function, which returns the Hexadecimal value of the given number.
Rnd - A Function, which returns a random number between 0 and 1.
Sgn - A Function, which returns a number corresponding to the sign of the specified
number.
Sqr - A Function, which returns the square root of the given number. Negative
numbers disallowed.
Abs - A Function, which returns the absolute value of the given number.
Exp - A Function, which returns the value of e raised to the specified number.
Sin - A Function, which returns sine value of the given numbe
Cos - A Function, which returns cosine value of the given number.
Tan - A Function, which returns tan value of the given number.

Strings:
InStr - The InStr Function returns the first occurrence of one string within
another string. The search happens from left to right.
InStr([start,]string1,string2[,compare])
 Compare - 0 = vbBinaryCompare - Performs Binary Comparison(Default)
 1 = vbTextCompare - Performs Text Comparison

InstrRev - Returns the first occurrence of the specified substring. Search happens from
Right to Left
Lcase - Returns the lower case of the specified string.
Ucase - Returns the Upper case of the specified string.
Left - The Left Function returns a specified number of characters from the left
side of the given input string.For e.g

For e.g Left(String, Length)

var="Microsoft VBScript"
Msgbox Left(var,2)

Ans Mi

Right - The Right Function returns a specified number of characters from the
Right side of the given input string.For e.g

For e.g Right(String, Length)

var="Microsoft VBScript"
Msgbox Right(var,2)

Ans pt

LTrim - The Ltrim Function removes the blank spaces that are there on the left
side of the string.
RTrim - The Rtrim Function removes the blank spaces that are there on the
Right side of the string.
Trim – The trim Function removes the blank spaces that are there on the both
sides of the string.
Len – Calculates len of string. For e.g len(“The”) = 3
Mid - The Mid Function returns a specified number of characters from a given
input string.
Mid(String,start[,Length])
var="Microsoft VBScript"
Msgbox Mid(var,2,5)
Ans “icros”

Replace - The Replace Function replaces a specified part of a string with a

specific string a specified number of times.
Syntax - Replace(string, find, replacewith, start, count, compare)
string, a Required Parameter. The Input String from to be searched for replacing.
find, a Required Parameter. The Part of the String that will be be replaced.
replacewith, a Required Parameter. The replacement string, which would be replaced against
the find parameter.
start, an Optional Parameter. Specifies the start position from where the string has to be
searched and replaced. Default value is 1.
count, an Optional Parameter. Specifies the number of times the replacement has to be
performed.
compare, an Optional Parameter. Specifies the comparison method to be used. Default value is
0.
0 = vbBinaryCompare - Performs a binary comparison
1 = vbTextCompare - Performs a Textual comparison

var="This is VBScript Programming"

''is' replaced by ##
Msgbox Replace(var,"is","##")
Ans - Th## ## VBScript Programming

''s' is replaced by ## for the next 2 occurences.

MSGBOX Replace(var,"s","##",1,2) & "<br />")

Ans Thi## i## VBScript Programming

Space - Fills a string with the specified number of spaces.

StrComp -The StrComp Function returns an integer value after comparing the two
given strings. It can return any of the three values -1, 0 or 1 based on the input strings
to be compared.

StrComp(string1,string2,compare)

If String 1 < String 2 then StrComp returns -1

If String 1 = String 2 then StrComp returns 0

If String 1 > String 2 then StrComp returns 1

MSGBOX StrComp("Microsoft","Microsoft")
MSGBOX StrComp("Microsoft","MICROSOFT")
MSGBOX StrComp("Microsoft","MiCrOsOfT")
MSGBOX StrComp("Microsoft","MiCrOsOfT",1)
MSGBOX StrComp("Microsoft","MiCrOsOfT",0)

Line 1 :0
Line 2 :1
Line 3 :1
Line 4 :0
Line 5 :1

String - The String Function fills a string with the specified character the
specified number of times.

String(number,character)

Number, a Required Parameter.An integer value, which would be repeated for

the specified number of times against the character parameter.
Character, a Required Parameter. Character value, which has to be repeated for
the specified number of times.

MSGBOX String(3,"$")
$$$

StrReverse - Returns a String after reversing the sequece of the characters of the
given string.

StrReverse(string)

ARRAYS:
'Method 1 : Using Dim
Dim arr1() 'Without Size
'Method 2 : Mentioning the Size
Dim arr2(5) 'Declared with size of 5

'Method 3 : using 'Array' Parameter

Dim arr3
arr3 = Array("apple","Orange","Grapes")
Assigning Values to an erray
Dim arr(5)
arr(0) = "1" 'Number as String
arr(1) = "VBScript" 'String
arr(2) = 100 'Number
arr(3) = 2.45 'Decimal Number
arr(4) = #10/07/2013# 'Date
arr(5) = #12.45 PM# 'Time

Multi Dimension Arrays:

Dim arr(2,3) ' Which has 3 rows and 4 columns

arr(0,0) = "Apple"
arr(0,1) = "Orange"
arr(0,2) = "Grapes"
arr(0,3) = "pineapple"
arr(1,0) = "cucumber"
arr(1,1) = "beans"
arr(1,2) = "carrot"
arr(1,3) = "tomato"
arr(2,0) = "potato"
arr(2,1) = "sandwitch"
arr(2,2) = "coffee"
arr(2,3) = "nuts"

Redim Statement:

ReDim Statement is used to Declare dynamic-array variables and allocate or

reallocate storage space.
ReDim [Preserve] varname(subscripts) [, varname(subscripts)]
Preserve - An Optional parameter used to preserve the data in an existing array
when you change the size of the last dimension.

varname - A Required parameter, which denotes Name of the variable, which

should follow the standard variable naming conventions.

subscripts - A Required parameter, which indicates the size of the array.

Dim a()
i=0
redim a(5)
a(0)="XYZ"
a(1)=41.25
a(2)=22

REDIM PRESERVE a(7)

For i=3 to 7
a(i)= i
Next

'to Fetch the output

For i=0 to ubound(a)
Msgbox a(i)
Next
XYZ
41.25
22
3
4
5
6
7

LBound A Function, which returns an integer that corresponds to the

smallest subscript of the given arrays.
UBound A Function, which returns an integer that corresponds to the
Largest subscript of the given arrays.
Split A Function, which returns an array that contains a specified number of
values. Splitted based on a Delimiter.
Join A Function, which returns a String that contains a specified number of
substrings in an array. This is an exact opposite function of Split Method.
Filter A Function, which returns a zero based array that contains a subset of a
string array based on a specific filter criteria.
IsArray A Function, which returns a boolean value that indicates whether or
not the input variable is an array.
EraseA Function, which recovers the allocated memory for the array variables.

Date Functions
Date A Function, which returns the current system date
CDate A Function, which converts a given input to Date

DateAdd A Function, which returns a date to which a specified time interval has
been added

DateDiff A Function, which returns the difference between two time period

DatePart A Function, which returns a specified part of the given input date
value

DateSerial A Function, which returns a valid date for the given year,month and
date

FormatDateTime A Function, which formats the date based on the supplied

parameters

IsDate A Function, which returns a Boolean Value whether or not the supplied
parameter is a date

Day A Function, which returns an integer between 1 and 31 that represents

the day of the specified Date

MonthA Function, which returns an integer between 1 and 12 that represents

the month of the specified Date

Year A Function, which returns an integer that represents the year of the
specified Date

MonthName A Function, which returns Name of the particular month for the
specified date

WeekDay A Function, which returns an integer(1 to 7) that represents the

day of the week for the specified day.

WeekDayName A Function, which returns the weekday name for the

specified day.

Time Functions

Function Description

Now A Function, which returns the current system date and Time

Hour A Function, which returns and integer between 0 and 23 that represents
the Hour part of the the given time
Minute A Function, which returns and integer between 0 and 59 that
represents the Minutes part of the the given time

Second A Function, which returns and integer between 0 and 59 that

represents the Seconds part of the the given time

Time A Function, which returns the current system time

Timer A Function, which returns the number of seconds and milliseconds since
12:00 AM

TimeSerial A Function, which returns the time for the specific input of
hour,minute and second

TimeValue A Function, which converts the input string to a time format

 Installing QTP / UFT

Goto Hp Website Register / sign in.

Click "Trials and Demos" link and select "Hp Unified Functional Testing 11.50 CC
English SW E-Media Evaluation" as shown below:

Read the terms and conditions, Click next and start downloading
The downloaded file will be in .RAR format

Now you need to unzip the archive and the folder contents would be as shown below
and execute the Setup.exe.
Upon Executing the Setup File, inorder to install, select "Unified Functional Testing Set
up" from the list as shown below:

Click next to continue

In the Custom Set up Window, select the plugins that are required for your automation.
i.e. You Should select the plugins based on the technology of your application under
test. For Example, If your application is based on .NET then you should ensure that you
select .NET.
Upon Selecting the required plugins for Installation, Click Next and upon completion of
the installation you will end up with a Finish button Window.

Once you complete your installation, the "Additional Installation Requirements" Dialog
box opens. Select everything in the list other than "Run License Installation Wizard"
and click "RUN". We Need NOT select "Run License Installation Wizard" because we are
installing the trial version which by default gives a license for 30 days.

Upon completion of Additional Installation Requirements, a tick mark is shown which

inturn states that the components are installed successfully. Now, click close:
Launching UFT / QTP Addins Page

After Installation, application can be launched from the Start Menu as shown in
The License page appears. You can click on continue as we have installed the
trial license

The Addins Dialog box opens for the user to select the required addins' DONOT
load all the addin's but just the required addins and click "Ok" button
QTP Record And playback

Recording a test corresponds to recording the user actions of the application

under test so that UFT automatically generates the scripts that can be played
back. Record and Playback can give us the first impression if the tool can
support the technology or NOT if the initial settings are done correctly.

Click on "New" test from the Start Page as shown below:

Upon Clicking, "New" Link, the new test window opens and the user need to
select the test type. Select "GUI Test", give a name for the test and also the
location where it needs to be saved.

As the new test is created click on Action1

Now click on Record button and select record and run settings, the record and run
settings dialog appears. Based on the type of application, one can select i.e Web, Java,
Windows Applications.

Note: - The no of addins you have installed that many no of tabs will appear in record
and play back window.
For e.g we will take flight application which comes with QTP and enter agent name and
password on the login screen.

The following screen shows the keyword view. As you can see the actions are in form
of a table with columns: Item, operation, value and documentation.
The corresponding keyword view for the above test will look like.
Actions

All tests in QTP are basically composed of actions. Each actions is nothing but a
sequence of statements performing a sequence of actions (activities). Actions make
your test look modular.

For e.g. if someone has to send a mail, he will login into his Gmail account, compose
mail, send and logout. These can be three actions although they can be written in one
action.

If they all are written together the lines of code will be large and difficult to mainatian,
hence it is better to divide it into actions. The test is essentially call to action 1, call to
action 2, call to action 3 and so on.

In the above dropdown you can click and view all the actions associated with the test
Here we can also select and go to that particular action, view and edit.

There is also a concept of re-usable actions, these actions can be reused multiple
times within the test they were created or by other tests also. By default each action is
reusable although that can be changed if needed.

Object Hierarchy- Qtp uses a tree hierarchy to store and recognize objects. In our
case agent name and password are child objects to the container object login which is
a dialog. Container objects are window, dialog in windows environment and browser
and page in web environment.

Explanation of keyword view

Iten: Each step is a sequence of events performed on an item, item can be one of the
following:
a. Test Object e.g Agent name
b. Utility object like datatable object
c. Statements like loops
d. Function call
Operation: It shows the operation that is performed on the item. When this column is
clicked for a particular item it lists all the available operations that can be performed on
the object.

Value: This column can be considered as the argument of a statement displayed. In

our example, the message box function call has a value “Text”. There can be multiple
arguments to one statement in which case this column will be divided accordingly.

Documentation: A read only column that translates a statement into easily

understandable comments.
There are two other columns Assignment and Comment that can be added to the
Keyword view table. To do so, the option to select is Tools->View> Options and
choose the required columns from the list displayed.
Assignment: This column is not very widely used and what this does is assigns a value
to or gets a value from a variable. [click on image to enlarge]

Comments: The tester can write anything under this column. It will be treated as
comments in the expert view.

Obect Repository:

Click the icon or click Tools -> Object Spy to access the object repository

When Object Spy is launched, this is how its interface looks:

By clicking on the hand icon you can point to any object you wish to examine.
As you can see, it shows all the properties of the object and the corresponding values.
It shows the object hierarchy. There is also an ‘Operations’ tab which when clicked
displays all the operations that can be performed on the test object:

The spy not only displays the properties, it also has a provision that lets the users add a

certain object to the OR. You can do that by clicking on the OR icon with a + in it.

Object Repository

It stores the set of properties that uniquely identifies the Object (description) and also
names the object for the sake of identification in our test, based on its most prominent
feature.
The objects that are acted upon during record process get automatically added to the OR.
You can also use Ctrl + R to invoke Object repository.
There are two kinds of Object repositories
a. Shared repository
b. Local repository

Each action has a separate local repository. To make an OR as a shared repository we

need to use Object Repository Manager.
Also, a shared repository is read-only in the action level and any changes to it have to
be made via ‘Object Repository manager.
Even though an action may not use a local OR as it may be using a shared repository
it will have a local repository.

If a local as well as shared repository has an object with same name the test will use a
local object first.

There can be more than one Shared OR’s associated to the same action. If Shared OR1
and Shared OR2 have one object named OBJ1 each and if the action calls for OBJ1 then
the order in which the shared ORs were associated will be considered. That means, if
Shared OR1 was first associated then the OBJ1 from Shared OR1 will be taken into
account.

Checkpoints

When the user wants to insert a checkpoint, one has to ensure that most of the checkpoints
are supported during the recording sessions only. Once the user stops recording,
checkpoints are NOT enabled.

Below is the checkpoint menu, when the user is NOT in the recording mode.

Standard Checkpoint

It is used to check object property value an compares the actual value with the
expected value during run time. It can be set during recording or editing a test.
Follow the below steps for inserting a standard checkpoint.
1. Start recording, launch flight supplication
2. Enter agent name and password in respective textboxes.
3. Go to Insert > Checkpoint > Standard Checkpoint
4. Point to the ok button on the login screen of flight application, mouse arrow
turns into hand select the ok button
5. Object selection properties dialog box appears
Click on OK button.

Now click the ok button above screen you will see a checkpoint inserted in your code
and also click ok button on flight application screen to complete the login operation.
You can also see the existing checkpoint on the design time
Insert(Design) > Checkpoint > existing checkpoint
Page Checkpoints – A standard checkpoint created for a web page becomes a page
checkpoint. It is used to check no of links and images on a web page. Page checkpoints
can be used to check load time of a page.
1. Open a web page www.google.com
2. Click on the record button first, this time no recording should be there.
3. Insert > Standard Checkpoint >
4. Click on the page
5. Object selection properties dialog box opens
6. Click on the page object
7. Click Ok Button
8. Page checkpoint properties dialog box opens, keep all default properties
selected.
9. The checkpoint is inserted into the script
10. Now stop recording and run the script
11. Click on page checkppint in results viewer.
12. You can see load time no of images
13. No of links (including broken links)
14. All the links
15. Image names and sources can be seen.

Text Area Checkpoint – This is used for windows applications. This compares text
string within a defined area according to criteria specified. It is almost similar to text
checkpoint with only difference is that text checkpoint work on a control whereas text
area checkpoint works on a selected region.
1. Click on the record button first, this time no recording should be there.
2. Launch flight application and enter username and password to login
3. Go to about flight reservation system
4. Click Insert > Checkpoint > select text area checkpoint
5. Drag mouse & select the bottom part where text is written.
6. Object properties dialog selection box opens.
7. Configure text selection properties. Keep them to default here.
8. Stop recording.
9. Run the script.
10. On results viewer go to the checkpoints doublec click to see the details.
11. It will show the selected text in green if passed.
 A Text Area checkpoint sample

Bitmap Checkpoint – Bitmap checkpoint does pixel by pixel comparison of images.

Difference between image and bitmap checkpoint – Image checkpoint works on a

web environment only whereas bitmap works in any given environment. Bitmap
checkpoint can be used to compare an area of an application or page, an object or any part
of an object. On setting this checkpoint it captures the chosen portion of the screen as a
bitmap and compares it with the result at run time. In contrast, image checkpoint is just
for webimage objects.
Therefore, Bitmap checkpoint captures the visible parts of your AUT and compares
them as bitmaps, pixel by pixel.
Typically this is used to check maps, logos or any other diagrams in your AUT.

Bitmap checkpoints are dependent on specific values like RGB values, screen
resolutions, OS so any changes to these values might affect the checkpoint

QTP cannot capture any part of object that is scrolled of screen or hidden by any other
object.
If any app is overlapping your AUT it will be captured in your checkpoint.

Steps to create bitmap checkpoint

1. Start recording
2. Open google.com page
3. Insert(Design) > Checkpoint > bitmap checkpoint
4. Then select the google logo.
5. The image appears in bitmap checkpoint properties dialog box
6. Select check full bitmap or check a selected area.
 7. If you check the selected area option you will be able to select a given area of
image.
8. Keep rest all properties as default.
9. Click Ok
10. The following code will be inserted in expert view.

Browser("Gmail: Email from Google").Page("Gmail: Email from

Google").Image("Google").Check CheckPoint("Google")

Now run the above script and check the results. If the images changes the new as well
as old image will be seen in results viewer.

Text CheckPoint – There will be many instances when we need to check the text
displayed in the application, one way is that we can use standard checkpoint to check
the text property of control.

Steps to create Text checkpoint -

1. Start recording
2. Open google.com page
3. Insert(Design) > Checkpoint > Text checkpoint
4. Select the text create an account.
5. Text Checkpoint dialog box appears.
6. Keep the default properties.
7. Following line of code is added to script
Database Checkpoint – This checkpoint is used to check values in a database table.
Let’s take an example from flight application and see how this works. We will check
here if the name of passenger is updated in orders table when it is changed in
application. Steps to insert database checkpoint
o Login to flight application using username and password.
o Select a date and to and from city, select a flight from flight button
o Enter a passenger name e.g Paul.
o Insert order.
o Go to insert > database checkpoint.
o Database query wizard appears
o Select option specify sql query manually.
o Click Next
o Select create on database query wizard
o Select machine data source > select QT32 as data Source
o Enter sql statement as select customer_name from orders
o Select finish. It will show results of query
o Now go to flight application. Change name to e.g Bill click on update order.
o In your script you can see the checkpoint inserted.
o Go to checkpoint properties (right click in script).
o Change constant value to billy
o Now run the script.

XML Checkpoint - You can perform checkpoints on XML documents contained in Web
pages or frames, on XML files, and on test objects that support XML.
We need to install web service addins in QTP.

An XML checkpoint is a verification point that compares a current value for a specified
XML element, attribute and/or value with its expected value.

When you insert a checkpoint, QuickTest adds a checkpoint step in the Keyword View
and adds a Check CheckPoint statement in the Expert View.
You can create three types of XML checkpoints:
1. XML Web Page/Frame Checkpoint. Checks an XML document within a Web page or
frame.
2. XML File Checkpoint. Checks a specified XML file.
3. XML Test Object Checkpoint. Checks the XML data for an object or operation.

Steps to create xml checkpoints:

1. Insert > Checkpoint > Xml Checkpoint
2. Select the page where you want to insert the checkpoint
3. The following screen comes up:

4. Set the values as desired in this screen and click OK

5. Browser("Browser").Page("Page").WebXML("http://www.w3schools.com/xml/c").Che
ck CheckPoint("http://www.w3schools.com/xml/cd_catalog.xml")
6. Run the script now.

DataTables – These are used to parameterize the tests and we need to test with
multiple sets of data.

DataTable is just like Microsoft Excel file. The DataTable contains a global sheet and a separate
sheet for each action in the test. So we two types of sheets in data table.
1. Global sheet
2. Local sheet
Global sheet is available to all actions in the test and local sheet is available to the
corresponding action. The best practice is to use local data sheet while parameterizing the test.

Design Time DataTable: While creating editing the test scripts, you enter data directly in the
data table displayed there. You can view data table by selecting View >> Data Table option.
This data table is called Design Time DataTable.
Runtime DataTable: The data table used while running the test is called Runtime DataTable.
The data in the runtime data table may be same as design time data table and/or can be
entered by importing data from excel sheet, text file etc. The runtime data table can be seen in
the Test Results window when run session is ended.
DataTable Parameter:
Each column in global/local sheet of datatable is called a Parameter. We can rename the
parameter just by double clicking on the column header and giving the name to it. Data can be
entered in the column/parameter simply by clicking on the cell and entering the value.

How to get Child Objects In QTP?

The objects (text box, combo box, links) contained in the frame or Window is
known as child objects.

The below Script gets the all the name of the links from the website
"www.easycalculation.com"

Dim oDesc
Set oDesc = Description.Create
oDesc("micclass").value = "Link"

'Find all the Links

Set obj = Browser("Math Calculator").Page("Math Calculator").ChildObjects(oDesc)

Dim i
'obj.Count value has the number of links in the page
For i = 0 to obj.Count - 1
'get the name of all the links in the page
x = obj(i).GetROProperty("innerhtml")
print x
Next