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Smartshed: An Automatic Shed System Based On Rain, Temperature And

Light Intensity

Conference Paper · April 2019

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 SMARTSHED: AN AUTOMATIC SHED SYSTEM BASED ON RAIN,
TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY
1
MARYAM OMAR, 2OMAR BIN SAMIN, 3IMRAN AHMED

Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - In the era of technology, enormous amount of sensing devices and microprocessors are available. The combination
of both can be used for automation of various applications. This paper aims to propose an Arduino based automatic shed
system “SmartShed”, which depends upon three environmental factors: water, temperature and intensity of light. If any factor
is sensed above a specific threshold the shed will automatically be applied otherwise it will be removed without human
intervention. Three sensors: water sensor for rain detection, light dependent resistor (LDR) for measuring intensity of light and
LM35 for measuring temperature are used. Arduino mega 2560 sense environment using sensors and depending upon sensed
values applies or removes shed. The efficiency of this system is found to be approximately 95%.

Index Terms - SmartShed, Arduino Mega 2560, LM 35, water sensor and LDR.

I. INTRODUCTION In automatic mode, three sensors are enabled. Water

sensor is used to detect rain; light sensor is used to
Single board microcontrollers and microprocessors measure light intensity and temperature sensor is used
along with huge amount of sensors available in market to measure temperature. If any of the sensed value
have enabled researchers to automate various daily life bypasses the defined threshold, the shed will open and
items. SmartShed is an intelligent shed that is opened otherwise it will stay closed as shown in figure 1.
or closed depending upon three environment factors:
water, light intensity and temperature. II. RELATED WORK
SmartShed is ready to use, cost effective and energy
efficient system. It is of key importance where shed or Many researchers have recently exploited the
shack are opened or closed frequently. Like in open air capability of single board microprocessors and
restaurants normally sheds are removed but it should sensors. Following section briefly describes various
be applied immediately if it starts raining or systems on which our work is built upon:
temperature bypasses a specific threshold. Also
sometimes sun heat is beyond limit, so to avoid sun A. Arduino and Water Sensor:
stroke, system should be smart enough to apply shed In recent years, water sensors along with Arduino or
automatically. SmartShed has two modes of operation: Raspberry Pi are used in many applications
Manual and Automatic. In manual mode of operation specifically related to smart irrigation. In [1] water
all environmental factors are disabled and shed is flow sensor along with temperature sensor and soil
applied or removed depending upon user preference moisture sensors are used with Arduino. Data
by means of a physical switch. collected by these sensors are sent to the interactive
website by a WIFI module attached with an Arduino.
This allows user to control water pump and sprinklers
from distance which will facilitate farmer to obtain
maximum quality crops. In [2] smart drip irrigation
system is proposed using Arduino, Raspberry Pi and
Zigbee modules. Arduino microcontrollers are used
to receive the on/off commands from the Raspberry Pi
using Zigbee protocol. The water pump can
automatically start by just sending an email to system.
In [3] Arduino and water sensors are used for
measuring and monitoring water quality for fish
farming. It is used to measure temperature and pH
value of water. Collected data is sent via Bluetooth to
mobile application for monitoring purpose.

B. Arduino and Temperature Sensor:

Many researchers have used Arduino and temperature
Figure 1: SmartShed: Automatic Mode (a) Shed is Removed (b) sensors along with GSM, GPRS, Bluetooth and
Shed is Applied when Intensity of Sun Light is High (c) Shed is Zigbee modules for automation of various systems.
Applied when Temperature is High (d) Shed is Applied when Some of the systems are as follows:
Water (Rain) is Detected.

Proceedings of Academicsera 48th International Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 5th-6th April, 2019
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 SmartShed: An Automatic Shed System based on Rain, Temperature and Light Intensity

“Home Weather Station” is a mobile weather station In [9] proposed origami-based automatic solar panels.
that displays weather details on a LCD screen [4]. The Normally, solar panels are stationary and energy
outdoor station measures temperature, pressure and absorbed is not optimum. To make sure maximum
humidity and send it to indoor module for display. solar energy is absorbed by solar panels rotational
In [5] designed a low cost environment monitoring solar panels are proposed. LDR will obtain and
system using Raspberry Pi and Arduino with Zigbee. measure sun light and solar panels will automatically
In [6]continuous heart rate and body temperature rotate towards maximum sun light. Above are some of
monitoring system is proposed using Arduino UNO the systems that have used Arduino as microprocessor
and Android device. and LDR, LM 35 and water sensors individually for
data collection. None of the systems have combined
C. Arduino and Light Dependent Resistor: all these sensors and designed a system to
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) has used in many automatically open or close a shed or an umbrella.
applications where light has to be used or sensed for This paper proposed a system that will automate shed
automation purpose. In [7] used LDR as sensor and depending upon temperature, light and water to
Light Emitting Diode (LED) as light source to design facilitate user needs accordingly.
water turbidity gauge. Turbidity of water is measured
by passing a light source through water to measure the III. METHODOLOGY
intensity of light reflected. Analog data received by
Arduino from LDR is converted into digital form and The main intention of this system is to automate shed
the result is displayed on LCD. In [8] an intelligent opening and closing depending on environmental
street light system is proposed. Street light not only factors: water, temperature and light. This system is
depends on darkness but also on motion. Street light divided into two parts: hardware and software. Both
will only turn on if its dark and motion is detected parts constitute of input (sensors), controller
otherwise it will stay off, thus energy is saved. (Arduino), output (shed) as shown in figure 2.

Figure 1: Block Diagram for SmartShed

D. Hardware outputs value in proportional to temperature in ºC.

Main hardware components used in SmartShed are Output received from LM 35 is converted into valid
Arduino Mega 2560, temperature sensor (LM 35), temperature by Arduino using given formula:
LDR, water detector and liquid crystal display. Detail
of each component is given in following section. T 5 ∗ a ∗ 100 /1024

1) Water Sensor Where ‘a’ is the output received from LM35.

Figure 3 shows water sensor/rain detector. When a
water droplet falls on sensing area, circuit is complete
as water is conductor of electricity and HIGH signal is
sent to Arduino. The sensing area is smooth to allow
water droplets to run off more easily [10]

Figure 3: Temperature Sensor (LM 35) [11]

Figure 2: Rain Detector [10]

3) Light Sensor
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a photo resistor
2) Temperature Sensor (LM 35) used as light sensor. When intensity of light increases,
LM35 is used as temperature sensor. LM 35 measures resistance of LDR decreases and current flow
temperature more accurately than thermister. It increases, thus presence of light is detected.

Proceedings of Academicsera 48th International Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 5th-6th April, 2019
21
 Sm
martShed: An Auutomatic Shed Syystem based on Raain, Temperature and Light Intenssity

4) Arduino Meega 2560

The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontrolller board
baseed on the ATm mega2560 [133]. It has 54 digital
d I/O
pinss and enough memory to sstore large sketches. In
SmaartShed, Arduuino microconttroller takes in
nput from
senssors and deciddes output valuue.
Figu
ure 4: LDR [12]

Figure 5:: Arduino Mega 2560 [13]

Figure 7 shows the schhematic of SmaartShed in which all compon nents are joineed together. A
As LDR and tem
mperature
sensor arre analog devicces, they are connected
c to analog
a pins A00 and A1 of Arduino
A Mega 2560. Water sensor
s is a
digital innput device andd is connectedd to digital inpput of Arduinoo. Two switches (Digital Inpput) are used to
t activate
either maanual mode orr automatic moode. LCD is used u to display
y status and mode
m of SmartShed.

Figure 7: Schematic for SmartShed

S

B. Softwware: proggram uploadeed in smart S Shed. Manuall mode is

Arduino IDE is used too write a code for Arduino Mega
M giveen priority ovver automatic mode. When n program
2560 useed in SmartShhed. Figure 9 shows a flow of startts manual sw
witch is checkeed if it is ON
N, shed is

micsera 48th Internnational Conference, Bangkok, Thaailand, 5th-6th Aprril, 2019

Proceeddings of Academ
22
 SmartShed: An Automatic Shed System based on Rain, Temperature and Light Intensity

applied, if it is OFF, automatic switch is checked. If collected and threshold was set. For rain sensor,
automatic switch is also OFF, shed is removed. If output is either 1 or 0 as shown in graph in figure 9.
automatic switch is ON, sensors are checked in
priority order of rain sensor, temperature senor and at
last light sensor.

Figure 9: Rain Sensor Sensed Data

For temperature sensor, temperature for different

scenarios and environment was measured and
threshold was decided. Graph in figure 10 shows
sensed temperature w.r.t to time in minutes.

Figure 10: Temperature Sensor Sensed Data

For LDR, light intensity in different scenarios and

environment was measured and threshold was
decided. Graph in figure 11 shows light intensity w.r.t
to time in minutes.

Figure 8: Flow Chart for SmartShed

If rain sensor senses rain, shed is applied otherwise

temperature sensor is activated. Threshold set for
temperature is 32 ºC. If T is above threshold, shed is
applied, if not light sensor is activated. Threshold set
for LDR after testing is 900. If L is above threshold
shed is applied else shed is removed.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

For SmartShed each sensor was calibrated separately.

In different environments data for each sensor was Figure 11: LDR Sensed Data

Proceedings of Academicsera 48th International Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 5th-6th April, 2019
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 SmartShed: An Automatic Shed System based on Rain, Temperature and Light Intensity

Also, machine learning can be implemented so that

Expected Obtained system can learn from real values and make decision
Scenario
Output Output accordingly.

Manual Switch on Shed Applied Shed Applied REFERENCES

Automatic switch
on [1] P. Singh and S. Saikia, “Arduino-based smart irrigation using
Shed Shed water flow sensor, soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor
- R=0
Removed Removed and ESP8266 WiFi module,” in 2016 IEEE Region 10
- T=16ºC Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), 2016, pp.
- L<900 1–4.
Automatic switch [2] N. Agrawal and S. Singhal, “Smart drip irrigation system
on using raspberry pi and arduino,” in Communication
Automation International Conference on Computing, 2015,
- R=1 Shed Applied Shed Applied pp. 928–932.
- T=16ºC [3] N. Abdul, I. Jabbar Hasan, and N. Al tamimi, “Design and
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Automatic switch of fish farms,” Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 14,
Apr. 2019.
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Computation Technologies (ICICT), 2016, vol. 3, pp. 1–6.
Automatic switch [6] M. A. Miah, and M. S. R. Tanveer, and M. A. H. Akhand,
on “Continuous heart rate and body temperature monitoring
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- T=16ºC Communication Technologies (EICT), 2015, pp. 183–188.
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Table 1: Scenarios Tested for SmartShed (R = Rain, meter using LDR and LED sensors,” Int. J. Eng., p. 6.
T=Temperature and L=Light Intensity) [8] A. N. Patil, A. Tripathi, and S. A. Fanan, “Intelligent
Street-Light System using Arduino UNO,” p. 4, 2017.
SmartShed is tested for different scenarios as shown in [9] B. Jasim and P. Taheri, “An Origami-Based Portable Solar
Panel System,” in 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information
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95%. Conference (IEMCON), 2018, pp. 199–203.
[10] “RAIN DETECTOR.” [Online]. Available:
CONCLUSION http://www.lumisense.in/index.php/sensors/water-related-26/r
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tore=english. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2019].
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35-sensor-datasheet. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2019].
concluded that system is effective, ready to use and [12] “Light Dependent Resistor LDR,” OR97.COM. .
can be implemented for any real life application. In [13] “Arduino Mega 2560 Rev3.” [Online]. Available:
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environmental factors such as air pressure and wind. [Accessed: 18-Feb-2019].

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