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Project Report on Electric Motor Car controlled by Bluetooth (using Arduino

UNO R3)

Article · June 2021

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 Project Report on
ELECTRIC CAR CONTROLLED BY BLUETOOTH
(WITH ARDUINO)

Presented by Kishore Kumaar K S

1st Year

Department of Electronics and Communication

Rajalakshmi Engineering College

Abstract
A remote controlled vehicle is any mobile machine controlled by means
that is physically not connected with origin external to the machine. There are
many types in it, based on the controls – radio control device, Wi-Fi controlled
and even Bluetooth controlled. These devices are always controlled by humans
and take no action autonomously. The main target in such vehicles would be to
safely reach a designated point, maneuver the area and reach back to the point
of origin.

In this project we make use of the Bluetooth technology to control our machine
car. We don’t call this as a robot as this device doesn’t have any sensors.
Thereby, sensor less robots are machines. This machine ccan be controlled by
any human using his android mobile phone, by downloading an app and connecting
it with the Bluetooth module present inside our car. User can perform actions
like moving forward, backward, moving left and right by the means of command
using his-her mobile phone app. The task of controlling our car is taken car by
the Arduino UNO with micro controller ATMEGA32, 16 mHz processor, 2 KB
SRAM (Static Random Accessible Memory) and 32 KB flash memory. Arduino
play a major role in the control section and had made it easier to convert digital
signals and analogue signals into physical movements. The major reason for using
a Bluetooth based tech is that we can change the remote anytime – mobiles
phones, tablets and laptops and physical barriers like wall or doors do not affect
the car controls.
Materials Used

Model or Specifications
Materials Model Picture
(if any)

UNO with ATMEGA32

Arduino Board
micro controller

Bluetooth Modules HC-05

Motor Drive Shield L293D Motor Driver

DC Gear Motor 12V, 200rpm

Stainless Steel Nails and

Nylon Jumpers

Connecting Wires and

Jumper Cables
Theory

Bluetooth Technology
Bluetooth wireless technology is a short range communications technology
intended to replace the cables connecting portable unit and maintaining high
levels of security. Bluetooth technology is based on Ad-hoc technology also
known as Ad-hoc Pico nets, which is a local area network with a very limited
coverage.
WLAN technology enables device connectivity to infrastructure based services
through a wireless carrier provider. The need for personal devices to
communicate wirelessly with one another without an established infrastructure
has led to the emergence of Personal Area Networks (PANs). Bluetooth
specification details the entire protocol stack. Bluetooth employs Radio
Frequency (RF) for communication. It makes use of frequency modulation to
generate radio waves in the ISM band.

The usage of Bluetooth has widely increased for its special features. Bluetooth
offers a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and
communicate with each other. Bluetooth technology has achieved global
acceptance such that any Bluetooth enabled device, almost everywhere in the
world, can be connected with Bluetooth enabled devices. Low power
consumption of Bluetooth technology and an offered range of up to ten meters
has paved the way for several usage models. Bluetooth offers interactive
conference by establishing an adhoc network of laptops. Bluetooth usage model
includes cordless computer, intercom, cordless phone and mobile phones.

Arduino UNO Board

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on
the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The
board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that
may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The
board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins,
and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by
an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts.
It is similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design
is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and
is available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some
versions of the hardware are also available. The word "uno" means "one"
in Italian and was chosen to mark the initial release of Arduino Software. The
Uno board is the first in a series of USB-based Arduino boards; it and version
1.0 of the Arduino IDE were the reference versions of Arduino, which have now
evolved to newer releases. The ATmega328 on the board comes preprogrammed
with a bootloader that allows uploading new code to it without the use of an
external hardware programmer. While the UNO communicates using the original
STK500 protocol, it differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use
the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2
(Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

L293D Motor Drive H-Shield

The Motor Driver is a module for motors that allows you to control the
working speed and direction of two motors simultaneously .This Motor Driver is
designed and developed based on L293D IC.

L293D is a 16 Pin Motor Driver IC. This is designed to provide bidirectional

drive currents at voltages from 5 V to 36 V.

Rotation of motor depends on Enable Pins. When Enable 1/2 is HIGH , motor
connected to left part of IC will rotate according to following manner:

Input 1 Input 2 Result

0 0 Stop

0 1 Anti-Clockwise

1 0 Clockwise
Pin Diagram and Connections
Working
Take a closer look on the Wiring Diagram. We could notice the power source,
four 1.5 volt batteries connected to the 12V power pin of L298 Motor Drive and
ground of Motor Drive and Arduino UNO. This supplies essential power to the
circuit. A total of 6 volts is being supplied to this system, where the maximum
permissible amount is 12 volts. Digital wires of Arduino are connected with the
input1, input2, input3 and input4 of the motor drive. Motors are connected to
the either sides of Motor Drive which are the outputs terminals. To complete
the power source circuit, 5V of Motor Drive is connected to Vin power pin of
Arduino UNO. Followed by this, HC05 Bluetooth Module’s Vcc is connected to 5V
pin of Arduino UNO, which supplies power to Bluetooth Module. Ground to
Ground connections are also made. Transistor Transistor logic pins, Transmitter
(TX) and Receiver (RX) of Arduino UNO are connected to RXD and TXD of
HC05 respectively. The program is uploaded to Arduino before connecting the
Bluetooth module.

After all successful connections, switch on the power source. Lights at Motor
Drive, Arduino UNO and HC05 would indicate the correct connection. Upon
successful connection of your Bluetooth module with any android device, we
could control this device. By passing the command, for example, to move
forward we pass ‘F’. This command is transmitted by our device to Bluetooth
module, which in turn transmits to Arduino UNO. Arduino receives is and passes
the same to Motor Drive through its digital pins. Motor Drive will get this
through their input pins and exercise them through their output pins were
motor is connected.
Source Code
#include<SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial MyBlue(0,1); else if(t == 'L')
char t; {
digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
void setup() digitalWrite(12,LOW);
{ digitalWrite(11,LOW);
pinMode(13,OUTPUT); digitalWrite(10,HIGH);
pinMode(12,OUTPUT); }
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);
pinMode(10,OUTPUT); else if(t == 'R')
MyBlue.begin(9600); {
} digitalWrite(13,LOW);
digitalWrite(12,HIGH);
void loop() digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
{ digitalWrite(10,LOW);
}
if(MyBlue.available())
{
t = MyBlue.read(); else if(t == 'S')
} {
digitalWrite(13,LOW);
digitalWrite(12,LOW);
if(t == 'F') digitalWrite(11,LOW);
{ digitalWrite(10,LOW);
digitalWrite(13,HIGH); }
digitalWrite(12,LOW); delay(100);
digitalWrite(11,HIGH); }
digitalWrite(10,LOW);
}

else if(t == 'B')

{
digitalWrite(13,LOW);
digitalWrite(12,HIGH);
digitalWrite(11,LOW);
digitalWrite(10,HIGH);
}
Mechanical Design of the Model
Final Product
References
1. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/samanfern/bluetooth-controlled-
car-d5d9ca
2. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/JANAK13/bluetooth-controlled-
car-
2c60e9?ref=search&ref_id=Elelctric%20Car%20with%20Bluetooth%20c
ontrol&offset=2
3. https://www.engpaper.net/arduino.htm
4. https://www.shutterstock.com/search/car+drawing
5. https://www.instructables.com/Smartphone-Controlled-RC-Car-Using-
Arduino/
6. Getting Started with Arduino by Massimo Banzi
7. Programming Arduino: Getting Started with Sketches by Simon Monk
 Conclusion
The final product we obtained is just the skeleton of those Remote
Control Cars we see in the market. The mechanical design of this product is also
proposed, which could be practically made to give a much better looking
commercial product. For future plans, this product could be added with sensors
like, accelerometer and humidity sensor, thereby widening their field of use.

The present product however could show some latency. The reason is, due to
many connections and least power source of 6V, which result in loss of energy.
So in future, we could use rechargeable batteries like Ni-Cd Battery or Li-ion
battery that could avoid the present disadvantage.

Also, we could make use of this RC Motor Car as a surveillance system or rovers
by adding a few more sensors and updating the code. This would make them into
robots. These robots could self monitor under any human supervision, thereby
reducing man power. These are just the alternatives, on which this project could
be improvised and updated.

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