Mark Scheme

Edexcel IAL P4 (Differential Equation) 2020 - 2024 + SP + SAP

Pearson Edexcel International A Level

In Pure Mathematics P4 (WMA14)
 2

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
3

∫A ∫
dA A 2 dA dt
1 (a) = ⇒ 3
= oe M1
dt 5t 2 2
5t 2
1
− 1
−2 A 2
− t −1(+ c)
= M1 M1 A1
5
 19 
Substitutes t = 3, A = 2.25 ⇒ c = ...  −  M1
 15 
2
2 1 19  30t 
Uses their = + ⇒ A=   M1, A1
A 5t 15  19t + 3 
(7)
2
 30  900
(b) As t → ∞, A →   = or awrt 2.49 cm2 M1 A1
 19  361
(2)
(9 marks)
(a)

∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
dA dt dA dt
M1: Attempts to separate the variables either 3
= ... oe such as ... 3
=
t2 t2
A 2
A 2

3
Condone without the integral signs but the A 2 , dA, t 2 and dt must be in the correct positions.
Don't be too concerned on the position of the ''5''
1
−
M1: Integrates one side correctly. Look for pA 2
or qt −1
1
−
dM1: Integrates both sides correctly. Look for pA 2
and qt −1
A1: Correct intermediate stage (without +c ).
1 1
− 1 −1 −
−1 A− 0.5 1
Either −2 A = − t (+c) or −10 A =
2 2
−t (+c) or equivalent such as − − t −1 (+c)
=
5 0.5 5
M1: Must have a ''+c '' now. It is for using t= 3, A= 2.25 ⇒ c= ... .
There must be some evidence for this award which may be implied by their value for c if no working is seen.
One index must have started out correct
This may be awarded after an incorrect change of subject has occurred.
2
 pt  p q
M1: It is for proceeding to A =   from an equation of the form = + r with correct operations.
 qt + r  A t
Candidates do not need to have found a value for r (their constant) to score this mark
The attempt must involve
p q
• using a common factor on the rhs of = +r
A t
• ''inverting'' both sides not each term
• an attempt to square both sides and not each term to reach A = ...
2
 30t 
A1: A =   cso. This mark can be awarded independent of the first M1
 19t + 3 
 3

2
 300t 
Be aware that A =   is also correct
 190t + 30 

(b)
2 2
a  at 
M1: t → ∞, A →   The form of part (a) must be A =   where a, b and c are all positive.
b  bt + c 
c
The reason for this is that if we had '' bt − c '' , the area would be infinite at t = and a limit would not exist
b
900
A1: or awrt 2.49 cm2 following correct work.
361
900
Condone for both marks A < following correct work.
361
 4

Question
Number
Scheme Marks

2(a) 1 A B
= + A ... or =
⇒= B ... M1
( H − 5)( H + 3) H − 5 H + 3
1 1
A= or B = − A1
8 8
1 1 1
1 1 1
− 18
= − or 8
− 8
or 8
+
( H − 5)( H + 3) 8 ( H − 5) 8 ( H + 3) ( H − 5 ) ( H + 3) ( H − 5) ( H + 3)
A1
1 1
or −
8 H − 40 8 H + 24
(3)
(b) dH
= −
( H − 5)( H + 3)
dt 40

∫ ∫ ∫( ∫
40 1 1
dH= −1 dt or e.g. dH= − dt M1
( H − 5)( H + 3) H − 5 )( H + 3) 40

∫ ∫ ∫( ∫
5 5 1 1 1 1
− −1 dt or e.g.
dH = − dH =
− dt
( H − 5 ) ( H + 3) 8 H − 5 ) ( H + 3) 40
1 1 1
5ln H − 5 − 5ln H + 3 =−t ( +c ) oe e.g. ln H − 5 − ln H + 3 =− t ( +c )
8 8 40 M1 A1ft
Or e.g. 5ln ( 8 H − 40 ) − 5ln ( 8 H + 24 ) =−t ( + c ) etc.
Substitutes t = 0, H = 13 ⇒ c = ...
Note that this may happen at a later stage e.g. may attempt to remove logs and then M1
substitute to find the constant
1
5ln H − 5 − 5ln H + 3 =−t + 5ln   oe e.g.
2
A1
1 1 1 1 1
ln H − 5 − ln H + 3 =− t + ln  
8 8 40 8  2 
 H −5  H − 5 1 − 0.2t
5ln  2  =−t ⇒ H + 3 =2 e ⇒ H =... dddM1
 H +3 
10 + 3e − 0.2t
H= * A1*
2 − e − 0.2t
(7)
(c) 10 + 3e − 0.2t 6
Sets − 0.2 t
8 ⇒ e − 0.2t =
=   M1
2−e  11 
6
⇒ t =−5ln   =awrt 3.03 days dM1 A1
 11 
(3)
(d) k =5 B1
(1)
(14 marks)
 5

(a)
M1: Attempts any correct method to find either constant. It is implied by one correct constant
A1: One correct constant

A1: Correct partial fractions: 1 1 . Note that this mark is not just for the correct constants, it is for the
−
8 ( H − 5 ) 8 ( H + 3)
correctly stated fractions either in part (a) or used in part (b). Allow 0.125 for 1/8.

(b)

∫ ∫
P Q
M1: Separates the variables and uses part (a) to reach: + dH =
± k dt with or without the integral
( H − 5 ) ( H + 3)
signs
M1: Attempts to integrate both sides to reach: α ln H − 5 + β ln H + 3 =kt
or e.g. α ln 8 H − 40 + β ln 8H + 24 =
kt Condone ↔( ) and condone the omission of brackets e.g. allow
α ln H − 5 + β ln H + 3 =kt or e.g. α ln 8H − 40 + β ln 8H + 24 =
kt
A1ft: Correct integration of both sides following through on their PF in (a). Condone ↔( ) and condone the
omission of + c but brackets must be present unless they are implied by subsequent work.

Also follow through on a MR of

dH
=
( H − 5)( H + 3) for
dH
= −
( H − 5)( H + 3)
dt 40 dt 40
1 1 1
E.g. obtains ln H − 5 − ln H + 3= t ( +c )
8 8 40

M1: Substitutes t = 0, H = 13 ⇒ c = ... For this to be scored there must have been a + c and depends on some attempt at
integration of both sides however poor.
H t

∫ ∫
H t
1 1 1  H − 5  1 H −5 1 1
Alternatively attempts − dH =− dt ⇒ ln  = −  ⇒ ln − ln =− t
13
( H − 5 ) ( H + 3) 0
5  H + 3 13  5  0 H +3 2 5

A1: For a correct equation in H and t. Condone ↔( ) but brackets must be present unless they are implied by
subsequent work.
dddM1: A correct attempt to make H the subject of the formula. All previous M's in (b) must have been scored.
10 + 3e − 0.2t
A1*: H = cso with sufficient working shown and no errors.
2 − e − 0.2t

Note that marks in (b) may need to be awarded retrospectively:

1
E.g. First 3 marks gained to reach ln H − 5 − ln H + 3 =− t + c and then:
5
H −5 1 H −5 5 + 3Ae −0.2t
ln =− t + c ⇒ =Ae −0.2t ⇒ H =
H +3 5 H +3 1 − Ae −0.2t
3
5 + e −0.2t
5 + 3A 1 2 10 + 3e − 0.2t
H =13, t =0 ⇒ 13 = ⇒ A= ⇒ H = = *
1− A 2 1 −0.2t 2 − e − 0.2 t
1− e
2
The M3 can be awarded when they attempt to find “A”, the dddM4 can be awarded for a correct attempt to
make H the subject and then A2 and A3 can be awarded together at the end.
 6

(c)

10 + 3e − 0.2t
M1: Sets = 8 or possibly an earlier version of H or possibly their t in terms of H and reaches
2 − e − 0.2t
e ± 0.2t p,
A= p>0
dM1: Correct processing of an equation of the form e ± 0.2t = with correct log work leading to t = ...

Depends on the first M.

6  11 
A1: t = −5ln   or t = 5ln   or awrt 3.03 (days)
 11  6
(d)
B1: k = 5 (Allow H = 5 or just “5”)
 7

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
1

∫ ∫
− −2 x
3
3 (a) y dy = 6 xe dx B1

∫
3 3 −2 x −2 x
y −3 xe
= + 3e dx M1 M1
2
2
3 3 −2 x 3 −2 x dM1 A1
y =−3 xe − e + c
2 2
Substitutes ( 0,1) ⇒ c = 3 M1

( )
2 −2 x −2 x 3
y =−2 xe −e +2 A1

(7)
3
(b) As x → ∞, e
−2 x
→ 0 and y =
2
( 2)
3
⇒ y= 2
2 M1 A1

(2)
(9 marks)
(a)
1 1

∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
−
3 −2 x 1 −3 −2 x
B1: Separates the variables either y dy = 6 xe dx or y dy = xe dx
6
Condone with missing integral signs but the dx and dy must be present and in the correct positions
1 2
−
M1: For integrating the lhs y 3
→y 3

∫ ∫
−2 x −2 x −2 x
M1: For integrating the rhs by parts the right way around. Look for xe dx → ..xe ± ...e dx
−2 x −2 x
dM1: For fully integrating the rhs to obtain ..xe ± ...e . Depending upon the previous M
A1: Correct integration with or without '+ c'.
2 2
3 3 −2 x 3 −2 x 3 −2 x −2 x
Look for y = −3 xe − e + c or equivalent such as 3 y −6 xe
= − 3e +a
2 2
dM1: Must have a ''+c '' now. Substitutes ( 0,1) ⇒ c =
...
It is dependent upon having a correct attempt to integrate one side so M1 or M2 must have been awarded.

( )
2 −2 x −2 x 3
A1: CSO y =−2 xe −e +2

(b)
−2 x 2
→ 0 y = ( '' 2 '')
3
M1: For e
2 − kx
Follow through on their g( x) in y = g( x) but g( x) must be a function of e with g(0) ≠ 0
2
Implied by a correct decimal answer for their y = g( x)
3 3
2 2
A1: y = 2 o.e such as y = 8 cso. ISW after sight of this. Condone y = ± 2 o.e.
 8

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2

∫ ∫
dy 4y 1 4
4 = ⇒ dy = dx B1
dx 4x + 5 y
2
4x + 5
1
− = 2 4 x + 5 ( +c ) M1, A1
y
1 1
Substitutes y = , x = − ⇒ −3 = 4 + c ⇒ c = ... dM1
3 4
a
Rearranges = b 4 x + 5 + c to y = .... ddM1
y
1
y= A1
7 − 2 4x + 5
(6)
(6 marks)
B1: Separates the variables. Note that the ''4'' may be on either side but must be in the correct place
The dy and dx must be present and in the correct place. Condone missing integral signs
M1: Integrates one side to a correct form. No requirement for + c

∫ ∫
1 a 1
Look for dy → or dx → k 4 x + 5 or equivalent
y
2
y 4x + 5
A1: Correct integration for both sides. Allow unsimplified but there is no requirement for + c
1 1 4x + 5
Look for − = 2 4 x + 5 or equivalent such as − =
y 4y 1
4×
2
1 1
dM1: Substitutes y = , x = − into their integrated form to find a value for c
3 4
It is dependent upon having integrated one side to a correct form.
Condone this being done following poor re-arrangement
a
ddM1: Rearranges = b 4 x + 5 + c to y = .... using a correct method. Do not allow each term to be inverted.
y
It is dependent upon
• integrating BOTH sides to a correct form
1 1
• substituting y = , x = − into the correct integrated form to find a value for c
3 4
a
• rearranging = b 4 x + 5 + c to y = .... using a correct method but condone sign slips
y

1 −1
A1: y= or exact equivalent. E.g. y =
7 − 2 4x + 5 2 ( 4 x + 5) − 7
0.5

1 1
Do not isw. So if the candidate then writes y= − it is A0
7 2 4x + 5
 9

Question Scheme Marks

5(a) d β K
(1 + 2 ln y ) = α (1 + 2 ln y ) × =
−2 −3
M1
dy y y (1 + 2 ln y )3

−4
= oe A1
y (1 + 2 ln y )
3

(2)
(b) dy
3cosec(2 x) = y (1 + 2 ln y )
3

dx

∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ...dx
k
⇒ ...dy =
k sin(2 x) dx or dy =
y (1 + 2 ln y )
3

and
M1
⇒ ...dy
=
∫ ∫ k sin(2=
x) dx ⇒ ... A cos 2 x oe

or

∫ ∫
k A
⇒ dy = ... dx ⇒ = ...
y (1 + 2 ln y ) (1 + 2 ln y )
3 2

∫ ∫
A C
⇒ dy= B sin(2 x) dx ⇒ = D cos 2 x oe M1
y (1 + 2 ln y ) (1 + 2 ln y )
3 2

One side integrated correctly

∫ y (1 + 2 ln y ) ∫
3 3 1 1
dy = − , dy =
−
4 (1 + 2 ln y ) y (1 + 2 ln y ) 4 (1 + 2 ln y )
3 2 3 2

A1
or

∫ ∫
1 1 1
sin(2 x) dx = − cos(2 x) oe, sin(2 x) dx = − cos(2 x) oe
3 6 2
3 1 1 1
− − cos(2 x) ( +c ) or −
= − cos(2 x) ( +c )
= A1
4 (1 + 2 ln y ) 4 (1 + 2 ln y )
2 2
2 6
(4)
(c) π 3 1 π 
y 1,=
= x ⇒− =− cos   + c ⇒ c =... M1
6 4 (1 + 2 ln1) 2 3
3 1 1 1 1 1
− − cos(2 x) − or −
= − cos(2 x) −
= A1
4 (1 + 2 ln y ) 4 (1 + 2 ln y )
2 2
2 2 6 6

3 1 1 3 1 1
− =− cos(2 x) − ⇒ = + cos ( 2 x ) =cos 2 x M1
4 (1 + 2 ln y ) 4 (1 + 2 ln y )
2 2
2 2 2 2

3 1 3 
⇒ (1 + 2 ln y ) = sec 2 x=
2
⇒ ln y  sec x − 1
4 2 2  ddM1
Depends on both previous method marks.
3 1
e4
⇒y=
sec x −
2 A1

(5)
 10

(11 marks)
Notes:
(a)
K
M1: Differentiates to achieve the form .
y (1 + 2 ln y )
3

You can ignore what they call it so just look for the expression.
A1: Correct derivative, accept any equivalent form, need not be simplified.
You can ignore what they call it so just look for the expression.
(b)
M1: Attempts to separate the variables with one side correct ignoring coefficients and with at least
k
one side integrated to the correct form. The separation may have rather than k sin 2 x.
cosec 2 x
Do not be concerned about the presence or absence of the “dx” and “dy” or even if they are
wrongly position – just look for the expressions appearing on either side.
M1: Attempt to separate the variables with both sides correct ignoring coefficients and with both
k
sides integrated to the correct form. The separation may have rather than k sin 2 x.
cosec 2 x
Do not be concerned about the presence or absence of the “dx” and “dy” or even if they are
wrongly position – just look for the expressions appearing on either side.
A1: One side integrated correctly.
1 3
For the LHS this will be either − or −
4 (1 + 2 ln y ) 4 (1 + 2 ln y )
2 2

1 1
For the RHS this will be either − cos(2 x) or − cos(2 x) but note that if sin 2x is changed to
2 6
1 1
2sin x cos x first, the integration may appear as e.g. sin 2 x or − cos 2 x or sin 2 x or − cos 2 x
3 3
A1: A fully correct general solution, need not be simplified and a constant of integration is not
required.
Note that M1M0A1A0 is possible as a mark profile.
(c)
Note that if a candidate rearranges to an explicit form in part (b) the work can be credited in part (c)
but there is no credit for work for part (c) in part (b) unless part (c) is attempted.
M1: Substitutes the boundary values into their equation to find their constant which does not to be
evaluated for this mark.
This may be done later in the solution, but they must have a constant in the equation.
A1: Correct equation in any form with their constant evaluated. Must follow A1 in (b).
M1: Applies cos 2x = ±2cos2 x ± 1 at some point in their solution.
May see attempts to rearrange to y = … first and note that if candidates integrate the sin 2x
in part (b) to …cos2x then they can score this mark by implication if part (c) is attempted.
ddM1: Rearranges the equation, including square rooting, to reach lny = …
Depends on both previous method marks.
A1: Correct answer achieved.

You may see candidates rearrange first in (b) to achieve e.g.

 11

3 1 1 3 3
⇒ (1 + 2 ln y ) =
2
C− − cos(2 x) ⇒ C + cos(2 x) =
=
4 (1 + 2 ln y ) 4 (1 + 2 ln y )
2 2
2 2 4C + 2 cos(2 x)

1 3 1 1 3 1
=⇒ ln y = − ⇒ y exp  − 
2 4C + 2 cos(2 x) 2  2 4C + 2 cos(2 x) 2 
The first M in (c) will be scored when they substitute the given conditions into their rearranged equation that
contains a constant and the first A mark for a correct equation. They will also score the second M if they use
the double angle formula. The dM mark will be as described e.g. Rearranges the equation, including square
rooting, to reach lny = … and depends on both previous method marks.

There are no marks in (c) for substituting the initial conditions into the given answer to find the value of
A. If you see any attempts to use this answer to show it satisfies the differential equation in (b) let your
TL know.
 12

Question Scheme Marks

6(a)  1 A B 
 = +   1 = A(1 − x) + B(1 + 3x) B1
 (1 + 3x)(1 − x) 1 + 3 x 1 − x 
1 4
when x = 1  1 = 4 B  B = ... or when x = −  1 = A  A = ... M1
3 3
3 1
+ A1
4(1 + 3x) 4(1 − x)
(3)
(b)
 cot y dy =  ... dx  "ln sin y " =  ... dx M1
 3 1 
... =   " "+ " "  dx = ...ln(1 + 3 x)  ...ln(1 − x) ( + c ) M1
  4(1 + 3 x) 4(1 − x) 
1 1
ln sin y = ln(1 + 3x) − ln(1 − x) ( +c ) oe A1ft
4 4

  1  1  1  1  1 
ln sin   = ln 1 + 3   − ln 1 −  + c  c = ...  = − ln 5  dM1
 
2 4  2  4  2   4 
k ln sin y = m ln(...)  sin k y = ...m or k ln sin y = ...  sin k y = exp(...) M1
1 + 3x
sin 4 y = A1
5(1 − x)
(6)
(9 marks)
Notes
(a)
B1: For a correct suitable identity without fractions, such as 1 = A(1 − x) + B(1 + 3x), seen or implied.
M1: Attempts to find one of the constants by either substitution or equating coefficients. May be implied by a
correct value for A or B via cover up rule.
3 1
A1: + oe allow values for A and B to be stated following a correct partial fraction form, or if
4(1 + 3x) 4(1 − x)
correct partial fractions see in (b).
(b)
dy
M1: Attempts to separate variables to form cot y = g( x) (oe for cot y) and integrate cot y . Accept any
dx
changed function for the attempt but must be attempting to integrate cot y (oe).
...
M1: Attempts to integrate their partial fractions from (a) so award for → ...ln(1 + 3x) or ...ln ( 4 + 12 x )
(1 + 3x)
...
and → ...ln(1 − x) or ...ln ( 4 − 4 x ) oe
(1 − x)
A1ft: Correct expression (any equivalent) (both sides). Follow through on their constants for the partial
fractions. Condone the absence of the constant of integration.
dM1: Depends on second M, and must have attempted to integrate both sides. Uses the initial conditions in an
equation with a constant of integration. May integrate between limits to achieve this. (Accept if a value for
c cannot be reached from their equation.)
M1: Attempts to rearrange their equation by correctly using log work to reach the required form sin n y = f ( x) .
Must have had kln sin y = … (k may be 1). Not dependent - may be gained before finding the constant if ln A
is used, and allow if the constant is missing.
1 + 3x
A1: sin 4 y = (oe in correct form)
5(1 − x)
 13

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
7 (a) dr 1 dr k
States or uses   2 or = 2 B1
dt r dt r

 
dr k
=  2  r 2 dr =  kdt
dt r
1 3
r =  kt + c M1 A1
3
( )
Substitutes t = 0, r = 12  c = 576

AND t = 15, r = 6 and their c = ( 576 )  k = ( 33.6 ) M1

1 3 3
r = −33.6t + 576 or r = −100.8t + 1728 o.e. A1
3
(5)
(b) Sets r = 0  −100.8t + 1728 = 0 M1
120
minutes or awrt 17.1 minutes A1
7
(2)
(c)
12

B1

O
(1)
(8 marks)
(a)
dr 1 dr k dr 1
B1: States or uses  2 , =  2 or =  2 Accept k   or other constant. Condone
dt r dt r dt kr
dr 1
= 2
dt r
3
( )
M1: Integrates to achieve an expression of the correct form ...r = ... t +c o.e
There is no requirement for + c
1 3
A1: Correct integration with two different unknown constants. E.g. look for r =  kt + c o.e
3
dr 1 1 3
So if for example = − 2  r = −t + c the score would be B1, M1, A0 then dM0, A0
dt r 3
M1: Uses both boundary conditions to form an equation involving r and t. For this to be awarded
there must be two different unknown constants that are initially correctly placed.
It is dependent upon having achieved ...r n =  '' k '' t + '' c '' which may have been achieved from
an
dr
=  kr
2
incorrect assumption. E.g.
dt
 14

1 3 3
A1: Correct equation. E.g. r = −33.6t + 576 or r = −100.8t + 1728 o.e. such as
3
5 3 120
t=− r +
504 7
(b)
M1: Sets r = 0  −100.8t + 1728 = 0  t = ... . Follow through on their equation. Condone if this
produces a negative value for t. Alt sets V = 0 to find t = ...
A1: Awrt 17.1 minutes. Must include the units. Also allow 17 minutes 8 seconds or 17 minutes 9
seconds
(c)
B1: For the correct shaped curve only in quadrant 1 starting at (0,12), ignoring value of t.
dr k
As = − 2 the gradient should appear to get increasingly steeper.
dt r
If there are two curves given on the axes, both need to be correct for this mark to be awarded
Do not be concerned if it is not infinite at the t axis.

The curve on the left would be at the limit of what we would

allow
as the gradient on the left hand side does appear to increase.
We condone its appearance as it approaches the t- axis.
It does not get less steep

................................................................................................................................................................
4 3 dV dr k
=  2 to set up and solve
2
Note that it is possible to use V =  r  = 4 r with
3 dr dt r
dV dV  672 
= 4 k or = β In this case the equation becomes V = 2304 −   t
dt dt  5
 
(a)
dV dV 2016π
B1: States or uses either =  β or its exact value which is =− o.e such as
dt dt 15
dV 672π
=− .
dt 5
dV
M1: For =  β  V =  βt + c and attempts to find the values of  and c using the given
dt
conditions.
3
It is dependent upon knowing that V =  r and using this to find V at r = 6 and 12 with t = 15
and t = 0
 672 
A1: V = 2304 − 
 5 
t
 
3
M1: Substitutes V =  r to form an equation linking r with t.
3

It is dependent on the previous M1 in this method

4 3  672 
A1: Achieves  r = 2304 − 
 5 
t
3
 
(b)

M1: Sets V = 0 o.e and finds t

 15

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
8 (a) dV 2 B1
= 4 r
dr (1)
(b) (i) dV 900 450
= V = − + c (oe) M1 A1
dt (2t + 3) 2
2t + 3
450
t = 0,V = 0  0 = − + c  c = ... M1
3
450 300t + 450 − 450 300t
V = 150 − = = * A1 *
2t + 3 2t + 3 2t + 3
(ii) 150 cm3 B1
(5)
(c) t = 3V =
300  3
23 + 3
= 100 ( ) M1
4 3 dM1 A1cao
100 =  r  r = 2.88 cm
3 (3)
(d) dV dV dr 900 2 dr
=   2
= 4r  M1
dt dr dt (2t + 3) dt
900 2 dr dr
t = 3, r = ''2.88''  = 4 2.88   = ... dM1
81 dt dt
dr A1
 = awrt 0.11 cm s−1
dt (3)
(12 marks)
Notes: Mark the question as a whole. Penalise only once for missing/incorrect units in the question.
(a)
B1: cao See scheme.
(b)(i)
M1: Integrates to a form V = k (oe) with or without + c. Condone a sign error in 2t − 3.
2t + 3
A1: V = −
450
( )
2t + 3
+c (oe). There is no need for + c
M1: Substitutes V = 0, t = 0 and proceeds to find a value for c. There must have been an
attempt at integrating to achieve a function in V and t with a constant of integration.
A1*: Correct integration and value for c with at least one intermediate step with c substituted
back in the equation before proceeding to the given answer.
(b)(ii)
B1: 150 cm3. Must include units.
(c)
M1: Attempts to substitute t = 3 into the equation for V. Allow if there is a slip in substitution.
4 3
dM1: Uses their V in V =  r to find a value for r
3
A1: cao r = 2.88 cm. Must be to 3 s.f.. Must include units unless already penalised in (b)(ii).
(d)
dV dV dr
M1: Attempts to use =  (oe) with the given formula for dV and an attempt at
dt dr dt dt
dV
substituting their (allow if this substitution is not in the correct place if a correct chain rule
dr
has been stated.)
dr
dM1: Substitutes both t = 3 and their value for r and proceeds to find a value for . If no
dt
substitution shown, the answer must be correct for their r to imply the method (may need to check).
A1: awrt 0.11 cm s−1. Must include units unless already penalised in (b)(ii) or (c).
 16

Question
Scheme Marks
Number

( 
9(a) d d
= −k ( − 15)  = −k dt
2
B1
 − 15)
2
dt

(
d
= − ( − 15)
−1
M1
 − 15)
2

1
− = −kt + c A1
 − 15
1
t = 0, = 85  − = c M1
70
1 1  9 
t = 10, = 40  = 10k +  k = ...   M1
25 70  3500 
1 9t 1
= +   = ... M1
 − 15 3500 70
135t + 4250
= A1
9t + 50
(7)
(b) 135t + 4250
20 =  t = ... M1
9t + 50
t = awrt 72 A1
(2)
Total 9
(a) Note that candidates cannot work backwards from the answer using differentiation

B1: Correct separation of variables.

The integral signs do not have to be present, but the d and dt do, and be in the correct positions

(
1 
M1: Integrates d to
 − 15)  − 15
2

A1: Correct equation including a k and another different constant.

M1: Uses t = 0, = 85 to find “c”. May be awarded after incorrect integration. May be also awarded if the
constant k had been assigned a value using given values of  and t .
Their initial equation may have been (incorrectly) adapted but it must be solvable with
t = 0, = 85 used leading to c =...

M1: Uses t = 10 and θ = 40 with their value of ''c'' to find k.

May be awarded after incorrect integration but there must have been two constants. Their initial
equation may have been adapted but it must be solvable with t = 10, θ = 40 AND their c =...

M1: Rearranges using correct algebra to obtain θ in terms of t.

For this to be awarded the integral must be in the correct form and both constants found using a
correct method . Condone slips in working but the overall process should be sound.
1 ct + d
Look for = t +    =
 − 15 et + f
297500 + 9450t
A1: Correct expression. Allow integer multiples of the given answer E.g.  =
3500 + 630t
 17

(b)
M1: Uses their answer to part (a) or equivalent (or possibly an earlier equation) to find t when θ = 20.
1
For this to be awarded, substitute  = 20 into a ''correct'' form such as =  t +   t = ...
 − 15
ct + d
Or substitute  = 20 into a ''correct'' form such as  =  t = ... where c, d , e, f  0
et + f
They cannot just make values up for the c, d, e and f for example. It must follow their work in (a)
650
A1: Correct value which must have come from a correct equation. Exact value is but allow awrt 72
9
Of course candidates can move the ''k'' or ''k'' term over to the LHS or use limits .

 
6(a) d d
= −k ( − 15)  =
2
dt B1
−k ( − 15)
2
dt

(
d
=  ( − 15)
−1
M1
 − 15)
2

1
=t+
k ( − 15 )
A1

1
t = 0, = 85  = M1
70k
1  9   50 
t = 10,  = 40  =  + 10  k = ...    = ...  
25k  3500   9  M1

3500 50
= t +   = ...
9 ( − 15 )
M1
9
135t + 4250
= A1
9t + 50

( 
6(a) d d
= −k ( − 15)  = −k dt
2
B1
 − 15)
2
dt

(
d
= − ( − 15)
−1
M1
 − 15)
2

40 40
 1   1 
Correct equation using limits  − =  −kt 0 =  kt 0
10 10
 Or   A1
  − 15  85   − 15  85
1 1  9 
Correct attempt to find k − + = −10k  k = ...   M1
25 70  3500 

 1 
Correct attempt to find equation linking  and t  −  − 15  =  − kt 0
t
E.g. M1
85

1 1 9t
− + =−   = ... M1
 − 15 70 3500
135t + 4250
= A1
9t + 50
 18

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
10(a) k ( 9t + 5 )
Substitutes x = 3 and t = 0 into x = M1
4t + 3
5k
3=  k = 1.8 * A1*
3
(2)
(b) 4050 B1
(1)
(c) 3 A B
 + M1
x (9 − 2x ) x 9 − 2x
1 2
Either A = or B = A1
3 3
3 1 2
 + A1
9 x − 2 x 3x 3 ( 9 − 2 x )
2

(3)

( 
(d) dx
(
= x 9 − 2x  ) 3
dx =
)
3 dt
dt x 9 − 2x
Or

( 
M1 A1ft
dx
(
3 = x 9 − 2x  ) 1
dx =
1
)
dt
dt x 9 − 2x 3

1 1
3 ( ) ( )
1
9
1
9
1
 ln x − ln 9 − 2 x = t +c or ln x − ln 9 − 2 x = t +c
3 3 ( ) ( )
Substitutes t = 0, x = 3  c = 0 M1
 x  3t
1
3
1
3 (
ln x − ln 9 − 2 x = t   )
 9 − 2 x 
=e ddM1
 
 9 − 2 x  −3t 9 −3t 9
  = e  − 2 = e  x = −3t
* A1*
x x +
  2 e
(5)
(e) 4500 B1
(1)
(12 marks)
(a)
M1: Substitutes x = 3 and t = 0 into the given equation
9
A1*: Shows that k =1.8 (oe e.g. ) with no errors and with at least one correct line of the form ak = b
5
k ( 9  0 + 5) k ( 0 + 5) 5k
e.g. 3 =  k = 1.8, 3 =  k = 1.8, 3 =  k = 1.8 all score M1A1
40 + 3 0+3 3
Alternative by verification:
M1: Substitutes k = 1.8 and t = 0 into the given equation
A1*: Shows that x = 3 with at least one correct intermediate line and a concluding statement that this is 3000
 19

Special cases:
k ( 9  0 + 5)
1. x =  k = 1.8 scores M1A0
40 + 3
2. Substitutes x = 3000 and t = 0 into the given equation to obtain k = 1800 (hence k = 1.8) scores M1A0

(b)
B1: 4050 cao. Allow 4.05 thousand.
(c)
3 A B
M1: Sets  + or equivalent e.g. 3  A ( 9 − 2 x ) + Bx
x (9 − 2x ) x 9 − 2x
A1: One correct value for ‘A’ or ‘B’ or one correct fraction.
3 1 2 1 2
A1: Correct fractions e.g.  + oe e.g. 3 + 3 , 1 + 2
x ( 9 − 2 x ) 3x 3 ( 9 − 2 x ) x ( 9 − 2 x ) 3 x 27 − 6 x
This mark is for the correct partial fractions not for the values of the constants.
Award once the correct fractions are seen and allow if seen in (d) if not seen here.
(d)
(
M1: Attempts to separate the variables and integrate to obtain a kt term and one of  ln  x or  ln  9 − 2 x .)
Condone missing brackets e.g. ln 9 − 2x
A B
The ln terms must come from a partial fraction of the form or .
x 9 − 2x
A1ft:
1
3
1
3 ( ) ( ) B
(
ln x − ln 9 − 2 x = t +c but ft on their A and B so award for A ln x − ln 9 − 2 x = t +c oe
2 ) ( )
There is no requirement for + c
Brackets must be present unless they are implied by later work.
Note that there are various correct alternatives here e.g.
1
3
1
( ) ( )
ln 3x − ln 27 − 6 x = t + c
3
M1: Sets t = 0 and x = 3 in an attempt to find “c” having made some attempt to integrate at least one of their
partial fractions to obtain a ln term.
If this step is not attempted only the first two marks are available in this part.
They can “state” e.g. c = 0 or e.g. K = 1 provided it follows correct work and there was a “+ c”.
ddM1: Dependent upon both previous Method marks.
It is for using correct work to remove the ln’s having found a constant of integration.
A1*: Correct work to reach the given answer showing all necessary steps.
The scheme shows one such way with acceptable minimal working.
 20

Note that some candidates may rearrange first before finding the constant of integration e.g.

( ) ( 
dx 3
= x 9 − 2x  dx =
)
3 dt
dt x 9 − 2x
1
3
1
 ln x − ln 9 − 2 x = t + c
3 ( )
1 x x x 3t
 ln = t + c  ln = 3t + d  = Ke
3 9 − 2x 9 − 2x 9 − 2x
t = 0 and x = 3  K = 1
x 3t 3t 3t  3t  3t
= e  9e − 2 xe = x  x  2e + 1 = 9e
9 − 2x  
3t
9e 9
x= * =
  2 + e−3t
3t
 2e + 1
 
In these cases, the first 2 marks are as already defined and then award M1 at the point t = 0 and x = 3 are used in
an attempt to find “c” and then ddM1 for using correct work to remove the ln’s and A1* for correct work to
reach the given answer showing all necessary steps.
As in the main scheme, if there is no “+ c” then only the first 2 marks are available in (d).

Note that in (d) it is possible to start again e.g.

( ) ( 
dx 1 1
= x 9 − 2x  dx =
)
3 dt
dt x 9 − 2x 3

1 A B 1 2
 +  +
x (9 − 2x ) x 9 − 2x 9x 9 (9 − 2 x )
etc.
(e)
B1: 4500 cao or 4.5 thousand
 21

Question Scheme Marks

 
11(a) 1 1 M1
x 2 cos 2 x dx = x 2 . sin 2 x − 2 x. sin 2 x dx
2 2 A1
 1 

1 1
= x 2 . sin 2 x −  − x cos 2 x − − cos 2 x dx  M1
2  2 2 
 
1 2 1 1
= x sin 2 x + x cos 2 x − sin 2 x (+c) A1
2 2 4
(4)

  
(b) dy t 2 cos 2 t dy
=  e.g. y2 dt or y 2 dy = t 2 cos 2 t dt B1
dt y2 dt


y3 1 2 2 M1 ;
 = ... ; ... = t + t cos 2t dt
3 2 M1

1 11 1 1 
... = t 3 +  t 2 sin 2t + t cos 2t − sin 2t  ( + c) M1
6 22 2 4 
1 3 3 2 3 3
 y3 = t + t sin 2t + t cos 2t − sin 2t + c A1ft
2 4 4 8
(5)
(9 marks)
Notes:
(a)

M1: Attempts parts in the correct direction – look for Ax sin 2 x 

2

 Bx sin 2x dx unless they

explicitly state an incorrect formula (in which case it is M0).

A1: Correct first application of parts.

M1: Attempts parts again in the same direction.

 x sin 2 x dx → Kx cos 2 x  L cos 2 x dx

A1: Correct answer with or without constant of integration. ISW after a correct answer.
(b)
Note: accept use of x in place of t (or even mixed x’s and t’s) for the method marks if the intention is
clear, but the final A mark needs to be correct in terms of t.
B1: Correct separation of variables with indication to integrate (e.g. statement as shown in scheme,
or an attempt to integrate one side).
M1: For y n → ... y n+1 on the left hand side.
 22

1
M1: Applies double angle formula to right hand side. Accept cos 2 t → ( 1  cos 2t ) for this mark.
2
M1: Applies their result from (a) (allow with t or x here) or redoes integration by parts and reaches
the correct form or same form as their (a), and integrates the t“2” term (no need for +c)
A1ft: Achieves the correct result, accepting equivalent forms, but must include a constant of
integration (+ c or other labelling is fine). Follow through on their answer to (a) providing isw was
1 3
not applied. So for y 3 = t 3 +  their answer to (a) + c
2 2

5(a) By S D I
DI + x2 cos 2x
method
- 2x 1
sin 2 x
2 M1
+ 2 1 A1
− cos 2 x
4
- 0 1
− sin 2 x
8


1 1 1
x 2 cos 2 x dx = x 2  sin 2 x − 2 x  − cos 2 x + 2  − sin 2 x M1
2 4 8
1 2 1 1
= x sin 2 x + x cos 2 x − sin 2 x (+c) A1
2 2 4
Notes
M1: Sets up a correct table or equivalent method with x2 and cos x as the leads.
A1: Correct tables of derivatives and integrals.
M1: Extracts the answer from the table achieving the correct form.
A1: Correct answer.
Note an answer of the form Ax2 sin 2 x + Bx cos 2 x + C sin 2 x with no incorrect working seen can
score M1A0M1A0 if the coefficients are incorrect.
 23

Question Scheme Marks

12 (a) 1 A B
= + 1 A(3 x + 2) + B(2 x + 3)
⇒= B1
(2 x + 3)(3 x + 2) 2 x + 3 3x + 2
3 5 2 5
E.g. x =− ⇒ 1 =− A ⇒ A =... and x =− ⇒ 1 = B ⇒ B =... M1
2 2 3 3
1 −2 3
So = + (oe) A1
(2 x + 3)(3 x + 2) 5(2 x + 3) 5(3 x + 2)
(3)

(b) dy 1 dy 3 2
(2 x + 3)(3 x + 2) 5y ⇒
= = − B1ft
dx y dx (3 x + 2) (2 x + 3)

∫ ∫
1 3 2
⇒ dy
= − dx ⇒ k ln
= y p ln(3 x + 2) + q ln(2 x + 3) (+c) M1
y 3x + 2 2 x + 3
ln(3 x + 2) − ln(2 x + 3) (+c) (oe)
ln y = A1ft
 3x + 2 
So ln y = ln  K  M1
 2x + 3 
3x + 2
y=K A1
2x + 3
(5)

(8 marks)

Notes:

(a)
B1: Correct statement of partial fraction form and multiplies through. May be implied if using
cover-up rule – award if an answer of correct form is given.
M1: A correct method to find A and B. May be implied by one correct answer.
A1: Correct partial fraction expression. May be recovered in (b) if not explicitly stated in (a).
(b)
B1ft: Rearranges and uses their answer to part (a) to achieve an expression to a form ready for
integration (may only see the integral step). Accept equivalents and follow through the A and B from
(a).
M1: Integrates to achieve a form k ln y = p ln(3 x + 2) + q ln(2 x + 3) (+c) . Constant of integration not
needed for this mark. Accept equivalent forms, e.g. with constant multiples of the arguments such as
p ln(9 x + 6) + q ln(4 x + 6)
A1: Correct integration for their equation. Follow through on their rearranged differential equation if
slips have been made, as long as it is of the correct form. Constant of integration not needed.
M1: Uses a correct law of logarithms at least once to achieve both sides as single logarithms, and
the constant of integration must be included.
A1: Correct answer, as scheme.
 24

Question Scheme Marks

13(a) d
= λ(120 – θ), θ  100
dt

 
1
d  dt B1
120  
For integrating lhs M1 A1 M1A1;
–ln(120 – θ); = λt + c
For integrating rhs M1 A1 M1A1
{t = 0, θ = 20  } –ln (100) = λ(0) + c
 −ln (120 – θ) = λt − ln 100
 −λt = ln (120 – θ) − ln 100 M1

 −λt  ln  120   
 100 
120  
e  t  dddM1
100
100 e–λt = 120 − θ
leading to θ = 120 − 100e–λt A1*
(8)
–0.01t
(b) {λ = 0.01, θ = 100 } 100 = 120 – 100 e M1
 100 e–0.01t = 120 −100 
 120  100 
 0.01t 
ln   Uses correct order of operations by
 100  moving from 100
 120  100e 0.01t
1  120  100  to give t  ... and t  A ln B , where dM1
t ln  
 0.01  100  B0
 1 1 
t  ln   100ln 5
  0.01  5  
t = 160.94379… 161 (s) (nearest second) awrt 161 A1
(3)
(11
marks)
Notes:
(a)
B1M1A1M1A1: Mark as in the scheme.
M1: Substitutes t  0 AND   20 in an integrated equation leading to
ln  f   
t 
dddM1: Uses a fully correct method to eliminate their logarithms and writes down an
equation containing their evaluated constant of integration.
A1*: Correct answer with no errors. This is a given answer
(b)
M1: Substitutes λ = 0.01, θ = 100 into given equation
M1: See scheme
A1: Awrt 161 seconds.