ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

STUDY FOR PROPOSED EXPANSION OF ENNORE

LNG TERMINAL FROM 5 MMPTA TO 10 MMTPA
OF M/S INDIANOIL LNG PRIVATE LIMITED
AT
ENNORE, CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU

Report No.: B507-1742-EI-2201 February, 2023

Project Proponent: Environmental Consultant:

Engineers India Limited

IndianOil LNG Private Limited
CERTIFICATE NO.: NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0189_Rev.01
(IOLPL)
Sector-27 (NABET) & Sector - 6 (a) (MoEFCC)
FILE No.: 11-30/2011-IA.III CATEGORY-A
 EIA STUDY FOR EXPANSION OF Document No.
ENNORE LNG TERMINAL FROM 5 B507-1742-EI-2201
1
MMPTA TO 10 MMTPA OF M/S IOLPL Rev 0

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

STUDY FOR PROPOSED EXPANSION OF ENNORE
LNG TERMINAL FROM 5 MMPTA TO 10 MMTPA
OF M/S INDIANOIL LNG PRIVATE LIMITED
AT
ENNORE, CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU

0 10.02.2023 ISSUED AS DRAFT REPORT SM CP/VS PKG

Rev. No Date Purpose Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

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 DECLARATION BY EXPERTS CONTRIBUTING TO THIS REPORT

Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA Study Report for proposed Expansion
of Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMPTA To 10 MMTPA of M/s. Indianoil LNG Private
Limited at Ennore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the
above EIA which is coming under Category A – “Oil & gas transportation pipeline (crude and
refinery/ petrochemical products), passingthrough national parks/ sanctuaries/coralreefs /
ecologically sensitive areas includingLNG terminal”; Sector 27 as per NABET Scheme &
Category 6 (a) (MoEFCC) as per 2006 EIA Notification.

EIA COORDINATOR:

Name: Parveen Kumar Goel

Signature & Date:

Contact information: Mob - 9891305309
Email:[email protected]

FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS:

Functional Name of the

Involvement (Period & Task) Signature
Areas experts
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Identification of storage and disposal of
Parveen solid and hazardous waste for the
SHW
Kumar Goel proposed plant. Finalization of
Environmental Monitoring Plan and
Environmental Management Plan.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Review of proposed water requirements
Himanshu for the project, verification and analysis of
WP Gupta baseline data, impact assessment, and
preparation of environmental management
plan for water environment.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Review of demographic characteristics,
Raja and supervision of baseline data
SE Subbaratna
collection. Collection and analysis of
Prasad
perception study carried out for the
proposed project.
January, 2022 – June, 2022
Jayant Kumar
AP Identification of impacts on AP and
Joshi
suggesting mitigation measures.

Page 1 of 3
Functional Name of the
Involvement (Period & Task) Signature
Areas experts
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Site visit, collection and analysis of
baseline data on flora and fauna, impact
Dr. Chiranjibi
EB assessment of the study area, preparation
Pattanaik
of greenbelt development plan and
environmental management plan for
biological environment.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Parveen Assessment of ground water sampling
HG results with available secondary data to
Kumar Goel
interpret current conditions.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Raja Verification of meteorological data, air
AQ Subbaratna quality assessment, air quality impact
Prasad assessment, Preparation of environmental
management plan for the proposed project
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Verification of noise and traffic baseline
S.V.R.
NV data, impact assessment, Preparation of
Subramanyam
environmental management plan for noise
environment.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Raja Assessment of soil sampling results with
LU Subbaratna
available secondary data to interpret
Prasad
current conditions.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
M.V.A.K. The Rapid Risk Assessment Report is
RH
Bhargava Ram prepared for the proposed project
considering all safety measures.

Functional Name of the

Involvement (Period & Task) Signature
Areas Team Member
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Assist to Mr. P.K. Goel for:
Identification of solid wastes and its
Srikumar mitigation measures.
WP, SHW
Malakar Assist to Mr. Himanshu Gupta for:
Identification of impacts on WP and
suggesting mitigation measures.

Page 2 of 3
Functional Name of the
Involvement (Period & Task) Signature
Areas Team Member
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Assist to Mr.J.K. Joshi for:
Ravikant
AP Identification of impacts due to air
Sharma
pollution and suggesting mitigation
measures.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Himanshu Assist to Mr. P.K. Goel for:
SHW Identification of solid wastes and its
Gupta
mitigation measures.

Declaration by the head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/authorized person:

I, Parveen Kumar Goel, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA
/ RRA Study for proposed Expansion of Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMPTA To 10
MMTPA of M/s. Indianoil LNG Private Limited at Ennore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

I, also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading
information mentioned in the statement.

Signature:

Name : Mr. Parveen Kumar Goel

Designation : Head- EIA & Sustainability and Water
Department
Name of the EIA Consultant Organization : Engineers India Limited (EIL)

Page 3 of 3
 Document No.
EIA STUDY FOR EXPANSION OF B507-1742-EI-2201
ENNORE LNG TERMINAL FROM 5 Rev 0
i MMPTA TO 10 MMTPA OF M/S IOLPL Page i of v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. Description Page No.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3
1.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT 3
1.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST 4
1.4 PROJECT PROPONENT 4
1.5 NEED AND SCOPE OF THE EIA STUDY 5
1.6 SCOPE OF EIA 9
1.7 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT 9
1.8 MOEFCC APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA 10
1.9 EARLIER ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE AND THEIR
11
COMPLIANCE
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.0 INTRODUCTION 13
2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT 13
2.2 PROPOSED PROCESS DESCRIPTION 14
2.3 UTILITIES AND ANCILLARY FACILITIES 17
2.4 LAND REQUIREMENT 18
CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 21
3.1 INTRODUCTION 21
3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT 21
3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 31
3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 34
3.5 SOIL ENVIRONMENT 45
3.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 50
3.7 LANDUSE & LAND COVER 55
3.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 56
CHAPTER 4:ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 66
4.1 METHODOLOGY 66
4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 69
4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 69
4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 74
4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 77
4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT 78
4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 80
4.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 81
4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS 84
CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE
5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE 86
5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY 86
CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.0 INTRODUCTION 88
6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE 88
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING 89
6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 89

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S.No. Description Page No.
6.4 OPERATION PHASE 90
6.5 SUBMISSION OF MONITORING REPORTS TO MoEFCC 92
CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 94
7.1 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY(RRA) 94
7.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE &DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 99
7.3 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND R&R ACTION PLANS 103
7.4 PUBLIC HEARING 103
7.5 COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ) STUDY 103
CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS
8.0 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY NEEDS 107
8.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 108
CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 110
CHAPTER 10: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 112
10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION
114
PHASE
10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE 116
10.4 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL
118
ENVIRONMENT
10.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE 123
10.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP IN OPERATION PHASE 125
10.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 125
10.8 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE AREA 126
10.9 ESTIMATED COST FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
130
MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.10 QUALITY, SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 132
CHAPTER 11: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
11.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 134
11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 134
11.2 EXISTING FACILITIES AT ENNORE LNG TERMINAL 135
11.3 OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED EXPANSION PROJECT 135
11.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 136
11.5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 139
11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION 140
MEASURES
11.7 BUDGET FORENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 143
11.8 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 144
11.9 PROJECT BENEFITS 147
11.10 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER) 148
CHAPTER 12: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
12.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 150
12.2 ESTABLISHMENT 150
12.3 EIL’S VISION 151
12.4 EIL’S MISSION 151
12.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL 151
12.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL 151
12.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL 151
12.8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EIL 152
12.9 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL 152
12.10 DETAILS OF CONSULTANT’S ACCREDITATION 152
12.11 DETAILS OF EIACOORDINATORS (EC) 154

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S.No. Description Page No.
12.12 DETAILSOF
154
FUNCTIONALAREAEXPERTS(FAE’S)&TEAMMEMBERS(TM’S)

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description Page No.
Table 1.1 Details of Environmental Setting 8
Table 1.2 Previous Environmental Clearances issued to Ennore Terminal 11
from MoEFCC
Table 3.1 Micro-meteorology of the Project Site 22
Table 3.2 Monthly Mean values of Meteorological Data 24
Table 3.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations 25
Table 3.4 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 27
Table 3.5 Ambient Air Quality – Methodology 28
Table 3.6 Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) in µg/m3 29
Table 3.7 Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in µg/m3 29
Table 3.8 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) in µg/m3 30
Table 3.9 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) in µg/m3 30
Table 3.10 Carbon monoxide (CO) in mg/m3 30
Table 3.11 Consolidated Values of AAQ (98th percentile) 31
Table 3.12 Ambient Noise Monitoring Stations 32
Table 3.13 Ambient Noise Standards 33
Table 3.14 Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area march 2022 33
Table 3.15 Average traffic data (PCU) 34
Table 3.16 Study Period: March to June 2022 34
Table 3.17 Water Sampling Locations 34
Table 3.18 Methods of Analysis of Water Samples 35
Table 3.19 Ground Water Quality – Ennore LNG Terminal 39
Table 3.20 Water Quality Criteria as per CPCB 42
Table 3.21 Surface Water Quality at Ennore LNG Terminal 44
Table 3.22 Soil Sampling Locations 46
Table 3.23 Soil Concentration and Assessment of Soil Fertility 47
Table 3.24 Soil Characteristic at Ennore LNG Terminal 49
Table 3.25 Administrative Division of District 51
Table 3.26 Habitation found within the Study Area 51
Table 3.27 Population Details 53
Table 3.28 Employment Pattern 54
Table 3.29 Infrastructure Facilities 55
Table 3.30 Landuse Pattern in Hectares 55
Table 3.31 List of Floral Species Recorded from the Study Area 57
Table 3.32 List of mammals reported from the study area 59
Table 3.33 List of avi-faunal species reported in study area 60
Table 3.34 Important reptiles found in the Study Area 62
Table 4.1 Matrix for Evaluating Spatial Criteria 67
Table 4.2 Matrix for Evaluating Temporal Criteria 68
Table 4.3 Matrix for Evaluating Significance 68
Table 4.4 Impact Identification Matrix 69
Table 4.5 Impact Of Air Emissions (Construction Phase) 70
Table 4.6 Emission summary 72

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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description Page No.
Table 4.7 Predicted values of GLC for NOX 72
Table 4.8 Impact of air emissions (operation phase) 74
Table 4.9 Impact of water consumption (construction phase) 75
Table 4.10 Impact of effluent generation (construction phase) 75
Table 4.11 Impact of Water Consumption (Operation Phase) 76
Table 4.12 Impact of Effluent Generation (Operation Phase) 76
Table 4.13 Sound Pressure (noise) levels of Construction Machinery 77
Table 4.14 Impact on Ambient Noise (Construction Phase) 77
Table 4.15 Impact on ambient noise (operation phase) 78
Table 4.16 Impact on Land Use & Topography (ConstructionPhase) 79
Table 4.17 Impact on soil quality (construction phase) 79

Table 4.18 Impact on soil quality (operation phase) 80

Table 4.19 Impact on Biological Environment (construction phase) 80
Table 4.20 Impact on Biological Environment (operation phase) 81
Table 4.21 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (construction phase) 82
Table 4.22 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (Operation Phase) 84
Table 4.23 Summary of Impact Evaluation in terms of Significance Value 84
Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Program (Construction Phase) 90
Table 6.2 Noise Level to be monitored 91
Table 6.3 Ambient air to be monitored 91
Table 7.1 CRZ Zones for the proposed project 104
Table 10.1 Indian Environmental Legislation/Rules 112
Table 10.2 Suggested species for plantation in greenbelt development 121
Table 10.3 Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase 123
Table 10.4 Major CSR activities carried out by IOLPL 127

Table 10.5 Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Capital Cost) 130

Table 10.6 Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Recurring Cost per 130
Annum)
Table 11.1 Summary of Baseline data of AAQs 136

Table 11.2 Impact Identification Matrix 139

Table 11.3 Impact Assessment Summary 139
Table 11.4 Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Capital Cost) 143
Table 11.5 CRZ Zones for the proposed project 147

List Of Figures
Figure No. Description Page No.
Figure 1.1 Location Map of IOLPL Ennore LNG Terminal 6
Figure 1.2 Google map of the IOLPL Ennore LNG Terminal 7
Figure 2.1 PFD of the proposed process facilities 17
Figure 2.2 The Plot Plan of the Expansion project at Ennore LNG terminal 19
Figure 3.1 Onsite Wind-rose Diagram for Innore LNG Terminal 22
Figure 3.2 Meteorological Station Installed at Project Site 23
Figure 3.3 Secondary Data - Wind Rose Diagram (March.-May, 2022) 25
Figure 3.4 Air Quality Monitoring Sampling Locations Map – Ennore LNG 26
Terminal
Figure 3.5 Site Photographs of AAQ monitoring during Study Period 28

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List Of Figures
Figure No. Description Page No.
Figure 3.6 Map showing Noise monitoring locations in study area of 10 km 32
radius
Figure 3.7 Site Photographs of Noise level monitoring during Study Period 33
Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area
Figure 3.8 Ground Water Sampling Locations Map – LNG Terminal Ennore 37
Figure 3.9 Surface Water Sampling Locations Map – LNG Terminal Ennore 37
Figure 3.10 Ground Water Sampling Site Photographs During Study Period 38
Figure 3.11 Surface Water Sampling Site Photographs during Study Period 43
Figure 3.12 Soil Sampling Locations Map – LNG Terminal Ennore 46
Figure 3.13 Soil Texture Diagram of the Study Area 48
Figure 3.14 Site Photographs of Sampling of Soil during Study Period 49
Figure 3.15 Tiruvallur District Map 50
Figure 3.16 Land use land cover map of the project 56
Figure 4.1 Isopleths for incremental GLC for NOXdue to proposed project 73
Figure 6.1 HSE Organogram of IOLPL 89
Figure 7.1 CRZ map of IOLPL-Ennore Terminal indicating proposed Facilities 105
Figure 10.1 Photos of existing green belt/plantation 120
Figure 10.2 CSR activities carried out by IOLPL 129
Figure 10.3 Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy of IOLPL 132
Figure12.1 EIL Accreditation Certificate by NABET 153

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure No. Annexure Title

I. Approved Terms of Reference
II. Previous EC and EC compliance
III. Consent for Establishment and Consent for Operation
IV. Overall Plot Plan Drawing
V. Rapid Risk Assessment Report
VI. Coastal Regulation Zone Maps

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Compliance to standard TOR (No.11-30/2011-IA.III dated 9th September, 2021)prescribed by

MoEFCC for Proposed Project underActivity 6 (a), Category A :

S. No. Statement Compliance

1. Justification of the project. The gas demand in the Ennore catchment area
expected to increase more than 5 MMTPA in 2025-26.
Considering this, IOLPL proposes to augment the
capacity of existing Ennore LNG Terminal from 5
MMTPA to 10 MMTPA (20 MMSCMD to 40 MMSCMD).
This LNG import and regasification terminal of
enhanced capacity will supply clean energy (RLNG)
and shall spur industrial growth in the states of Tamil
Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The re-gasified
LNG will be distributed to power generation plants,
fertilizer plants and other industrial units. The gas will
also be made available for City gas distribution,
including transport sector, commercial sector and for
cooking in houses (PNG – Piped Natural Gas). The
proposed Ennore terminal expansion project will
involve 20 MMSCMD LNG import, storage and
Regasification within the existing terminal.

2. Route map indicating project Indian Oil LNG Import, Storage, and Re-gasification
location. Terminal is situated inside the Kamarajar Port Ltd
(KPL), Vallur Post, Thiruvallur District, Chennai –
600120. The proposed expansion will be coming up
inside the existing terminal complex. Tentative co-
ordinates of proposed facility are Latitude: 13°17'33"N
and Longitude 80°20'36"E.

The location map and Google map are provided as

Fig.-1.1 and Fig.-1.2 in Chapter-1 of EIA report.
3. Details of land to be acquired. For this proposed project, no additional land is
Details of projects vis-à-vis required. All the proposed project facilities are coming
Ecological Sensitive Areas and up within the existing LNG Terminal complex area.
approvals thereof. Total area of Ennore LNG terminal is 128 acres.
4. Project location along with map Land use/ land cover map of the project is given Fig.-
of 1 km area (500 meters on 3.16in Chapter-3 of EIA report.
either side of the pipeline from
centerline) and site details
providing various industries,
surface water bodies, forests
etc.
5. Analysis of alternative sites and For this proposed project, no additional land is
Technology. required. All the proposed project facilities are coming
up within the existing LNG Terminal complex area. Best
pipeline route has been adopted based on economic,
safety and environmental factors.

The existing technology of receiving LNG and

regasifying it using glycol water mixture is a proven
method of converting LNG to NG. The entire operation
is carried out in a closed loop and it provides a safer

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S. No. Statement Compliance

and environmental friendly operation.

6. Location of National Park/Wild There is no National Park/Wild life sanctuary/Reserve

life sanctuary/Reserve Forest Forest within 10 km radius of the IndianOil LNG
within 10 km radius of the terminal.
project.
7. Status of clearance from NBWL Not Applicable.
for pipeline passing through
wildlife sanctuary/ Ecological
sensitive area.
8. Recommendation of SCZMA The proposed project will require Coastal Regulatory
/CRZ clearance for the Zone (CRZ) clearance from Tamil Nadu Coastal Zone
proposed pipeline (if applicable). Management Authority (TNCZMA) and MoEFCC.

Institute of Remote Sensing- Anna University, Chennai

has carried out CRZ study and preparation of CRZ
maps on approved CZMP as per CRZ Notification 2011
for the Proposed Expansion of LNG Regasification
Plant at Puzhuthivakkam Village, Ponneri Taluk,
Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu. The High Tide Line
(HTL), Low Tide Line (LTL), Ecologically sensitive
areas along with setback lines indicated in approved
CZMP (Approved CZMP map No: TN 111) prepared as
per CRZ Notification 2011 were superimposed on to
georeferenced cadastral map to prepare a local level
CRZ map at 1:4,000.

9. Present land use based on Land use/ land cover map of the project is given Fig.-
satellite imagery for the study 3.16 in Chapter-3 of EIA report.
area of 10 km radius.
10. Details of applications filed for Not Applicable.
forest clearance to be obtained
for the project for the forest land
involved in the project along
with details of the compensatory
afforestation.
11. Process Description along with The proposed configuration to augment the capacity of
Process Flow Diagram. existing Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMTPA to 10
MMTPA (20 MMSCMD to 40 MMSCMD) has the
following broad scope of the project facilities:

1. LNG Storage Tanks and associated facilities

2. Regasification facilities including Offsites and Utility
Blocks

The expansion project will have the following

components:

 Storage system: LNG storage tanks and Low

pressure LNG pumps
 High pressure LNG pumps

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S. No. Statement Compliance

 Vaporizers
 Metering system and Final Pressure Adjust
 Fuel gas / natural gas system
 Relief and drain system

Tie-ins will be considered to cover the future

expansions.

Detailed Process Description of proposed project is

provided in Chapter 2 of EIA report.
12. Details of associated Utilities and Ancillary Facilities:
facilities/utilities to be installed.
 Nitrogen
Nitrogen is required at the terminal for equipment
purging and maintenance purposes. Adequate on site
nitrogen generation and storage for liquid nitrogen
will be provided at the terminal.
 Air
Instrument and utility air for use within the terminal are
produced on site. Air compressors will provide
necessary air for instrument, plant air and Nitrogen.
 Power
Total power requirement for the proposed project is 12
MW. The additional power requirement will be met
from own Captive Power Plant.
 Raw Water system
For proposed project treated water requirement is 10
m3/hr. The water will be used mainly for service
water, fire water make up, horticulture and drinking
water. Water will be generated in-house from
atmosphere.
 Waste and Wastewater Treatment
In LNG vaporization scheme normally no liquid,
gaseous and solid waste is generated. Only domestic
sewage is generated, which is collected and handled
through soak-pit/ septic tanks.
 Gas Detection, Alarm, Firefighting and ESD Systems
A centralized spill, fire and combustible gas alarm and
control system will provide input to an information
management system. Automatic detection devices,
manual alarms and audible and visual signaling
devices will be strategically located throughout the
terminal.
 Communications
The terminal will be equipped with up-to-date
communications equipment capable of maintaining
contact with the LNG carriers scheduled to offload at
the terminal and with the standby tugs.
 Buildings
Switchgear/MCC Building - will house switchgear, motor
control centers, panel boards, UPS, batteries and
battery charges, lighting transformers, PLC panels for
switchgears, MCCs, generator control panels and

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S. No. Statement Compliance

other equipment.

Detailed Utilities and Ancillary Facilities description of

proposed project is provided in Chapter 2 of EIA report.
13. Details of water consumption For proposed project treated water requirement is 10
and source of water supply, m3/hr. The water will be used mainly for service water,
waste water generation, fire water make up, horticulture and drinking water.
treatment and effluent disposal. Water will be generated in-house from atmosphere.

In LNG vaporization scheme normally no liquid,

gaseous and solid waste is generated. Only domestic
sewage is generated, which is collected and handled
through soak-pit/ septic tanks.

From the proposed project, generation of industrial

liquid wastewater generation is not envisaged.
14. Detailed solid & Hazardous From the proposed project, no solid waste generation
waste generation, collection, is envisaged.
segregation, its recycling and
reuse, treatment and disposal.
15. Total cost of the project along Estimated cost of the Expansion Project is
with total capital cost and approximately Rs. 3,400 Crores.
recurring cost/annum for
environmental pollution control The total estimated budget for implementation of EMP
measures. measures is Rs. 40 Lakhs as capital cost and Rs. 14
Lakhs as recurring cost per annum.
Break up of capital and recurring cost/annum for
environmental pollution control measures is given in
section 10.9 of Chapter-10.
16. Site-specific micro- Micro-meteorological data is provided in section 3.2.1
meteorological data for of Chapter 3.
temperature, relative humidity,
hourly wind speed and direction
and rainfall for one season at
one location.
17. Ambient air quality monitoring All Ambient air quality monitoring data are provided
within the study area of 500 m under section 3.2.2 of Chapter-3.
along the pipeline route and
around the pumping station and
delivery station for PM2.5,
PM10, SO2 , NOx, CO, HC,
VOC for one season(Non
Monsoon) taking into account
the pre-dominant wind direction
at the representative locations
covering population zone and
sensitive receptors including
reserved forests.
18. Determination of atmospheric The model used in the present study is Industrial
inversion level and assessment Source Complex Version 3, which is a AERMOD
of ground level concentration of Dispersion Modelling Program designed to estimate
pollutants. Air quality modelling pollutant concentrations for simple, intermediate, or

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S. No. Statement Compliance

for proposed project. complex terrain. The Industrial Source Complex Short
Term or in brief ISCST model is one of the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)'s
UNAMAP series of air quality models.
There will be no release of SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 from
the proposed project. Only small quantity of NO X
emission is envisaged due to combustion of gaseous
fuel in GTG. Hence, Ground Level Concentration
(GLC) prediction modelling for only NOx has been only
carried out.

The incremental NOx GLC (maximum 24 hr) due to

operation of proposed facilities is predicted as 4.6
µg/m3. Details are provided under section 3.2.2 of
Chapter-3.
19. Water monitoring to be Water monitoring for surface and ground water is
conducted including surface & carried out for one season and all monitoring results
ground water for one season are provided under section 3.4 of Chapter-3.
(Non Monsoon).
20. Soil sample analysis within the Soil sample analysis within the study area for one
study area for one season (Non season is carried out for one season and all monitoring
Monsoon). results are provided under section 3.5 of Chapter-3.
21. Noise Monitoring will be taken Noise Monitoring is carried out for one season and
up for one season (Non results are provided under section 3.3 of Chapter-3.
Monsoon).
22. Demography & socio-economics Demography & socio-economics of the study area are
of the study area. provided in section 3.6 of Chapter 3.
23. Ecological features (terrestrial & Ecological features of terrestrial of the study area for
Aquatic) of the study area for one season are provided in section 3.7 of Chapter 3.
one season (Non Monsoon).
24. Assessment of impact on air, Assessment of impact on air, water, soil,
water, soil, solid/hazardous solid/hazardous waste and noise levels is provided in
waste and noise levels. Chapter 4.
25. A detailed note on method to be Not Applicable.
used for crossing road, nalla,
stream, rivers, railway line etc.
26. Air pollution control measures • Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.
proposed for the effective • Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.
control of gaseous emissions • Developing/ maintaining peripheral green belt in the
within permissible limits. proposed plant premises.
• Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) will be in place to
mitigate any fugitive emission from storage etc.
27. Details of proposed preventive Rapid Risk Assessment study was carried out and all
measures for leakages and leakages & accident scenario are taken care. RRA
accident. study report is attached as Annexure-V.
28. Risk assessment including Rapid Risk Assessment study was carried out and the
Hazard identification, same is attached as Annexure-V.
Consequence Analysis, Risk
Assessment and preparation of
Disaster Management Plan as
per Regulations.

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S. No. Statement Compliance

29. Corrosion Management of Not Applicable.
Pipeline
30. Details of proper restoration of Not Applicable.
land after laying the pipelines.
31. Details of proposed Details of proposed Occupational Health Surveillance
Occupational Health program for the employees and other labour:
Surveillance program for the  Display of Occupational Health & Safety Policy;
employees and other labour.  Periodic medical examinations of all workers
working with the hazardous process;
 Reporting of all incidence and accidents by
Accident & Incidence Reporting System as per
ERDMP;
 Investigation of all incidence and accidents by
Investigation Report System;
 Review of first aid facility& training for First Aid by
displaying information at work place ;
 Awareness of Occupational Hazards & General
health promotional in workers by conducting
lectures for occupational health hazards in
annual planner at training center.
32. Detailed Environment Detailed Environment Management Plan is provided in
Management Plan (EMP) with Chapter-10 of this EIA Report.
specific reference to Energy
conservation and natural
resource conservation, details of
air pollution control system,
water & wastewater
management, monitoring
frequency, responsibility and
time bound implementation plan
for mitigation measure will be
provided.

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 Certificate of Plagiarism Check

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR

Title of EIA Report PROPOSED EXPANSION OF ENNORE LNG TERMINAL
FROM 5 MMPTA TO 10 MMTPA OF M/S INDIANOIL LNG
PRIVATE LIMITED AT ENNORE, CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU
Name of Accredited Organization Engineers India Limited (EIL)

Unique ldentification Number B507-1742-EI-2201 (Rev. No. 0)

Name of EIA Coordinator (EC) Mr. Parveen Kumar Goel

Name of the Software Plagiarism Checker X

Days of Check Friday, February 10, 2023

Time of Check 14:30 hrs

Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant Organization/ Authorized Person:

I hereby Certify that this EIA report has been evaluated using Online Software i.e. Plagiarism
Checker X. The report produced has been analyzed by the system and based on it, I Certify that
the EIA report is in accordance with good scientific practice.

Date and Sign of EIA Co-coordinator : February 10, 2023

Name : Mr. Parveen Kumar Goel

Designation : EIA Co-ordinator

Date and Sign of Head of Accredited Organization : February 10, 2023

Name of the EIA Consultant Organization : Engineers India Limited (EIL)

NABET Certificate No. and Validity Date : NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0189_Rev.01 dated 21.12.2020
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CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is the largest commercial undertaking in India is
engaged in the business of refining, transportation and marketing the Petroleum
products and Regasified LNG (RLNG). IOLPL, a Joint Venture company of Indian Oil
Corporation Limited, was incorporated in the year 2015 under the Companies Act, 2013
for implementation of Ennore LNG Import, Storage, and Re-gasification Terminal
Project. The project is having 5 MMTPA capacity with provision to expand up to 10
MMTPA inside the Kamarajar Port (formerly known as Ennore Port), Chennai. IOLPL
commenced construction of the terminal in 2015 and completed/commenced operations
in 2019. Ennore LNG Terminal is the first LNG terminal on the eastern coast of India.

The gas demand in the Ennore catchment area expected to increase more than 5
MMTPA in 2025-26. Union Government of India has set a vision to make India a gas-
based economy and intends to increase gas share in energy mix from present 6% to
15% by 2030. With Government of India’s focus to extend City Gas Distribution networks
to 70% of India's population for the use of gas as transportation fuel as well as kitchen
fuel and also to expand existing national gas grid in the country, the demand of natural
in the country will see an upward trend and thereby requiring higher capacities for
import, storage and re-gasification of LNG. Considering this, IOLPL proposes to
augment the capacity of existing Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMTPA to 10 MMTPA(20
MMSCMD to 40 MMSCMD).This LNG import and regasification terminal of enhanced
capacity will supply clean energy (RLNG) and shall spur industrial growth in the states of
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The re-gasified LNG will be distributed to
power generation plants, fertilizer plants and other industrial units. The gas will also be
made available for City gas distribution, including transport sector, commercial sector
and for cooking in houses (PNG – Piped Natural Gas). The proposed Ennore terminal
expansion project will involve 20 MMSCMD LNG import, storage and Regasification with
some provision of Tie-ins for future expansion.

In this regard, IOLPL submitted proposal (vide Proposal No.:

IA/TN/IND2/226614/202109) dated 02 Sep 2021 to obtain Terms of Reference (TOR).
Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) prescribed standard
TOR (No.11-30/2011-IA.III dated 9thSeptember, 2021) for preparing environment impact
assessment report and obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the
provisions of the EIA Notification, 2006 under activity “6(a) Oil & gas transportation
pipeline (crude and refinery/petrochemical products), passing through national parks /
sanctuaries /coral reefs /ecologically sensitive areas including LNG Terminal”. The
proposed project will also require Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) clearance.

IOLPL has entrusted the task of preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
and Rapid Risk Assessment (RRA) studies of proposed Ennore Terminal expansion to
M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL). EIL is an accredited consultant for carrying out EIA
studies by Quality Council of India for activity: “6(a) Oil & gas transportation pipeline

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(crude and refinery/petrochemical products), passing through national parks /

sanctuaries /coral reefs /ecologically sensitive areas including LNG Terminal”.

1.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

This existing terminal receives imported LNG through LNG carriers / ships at a
dedicated LNG Berth already constructed inside Kamarajar Port and stores the same at
cryogenic temperature of (-) 162 Degree Celsius and near atmospheric pressure i.e. 180
mbar in 2 nos of above ground full containment type LNG tanks of 180000 cubic meter
capacity each. Full containment tanks are the safest tanks for LNG storage. LNG stored
at (-) 162deg C in the tank is pumped with the help of In-tank Low Pressure pumps at 10
bar to flood the suction of High-Pressure pumps, which in turn pressurise LNG to 90 bar.
LNG is then converted into gas in the Shell and Tube type Vaporisers by indirect heating
with room temperature water-glycol mixture. The glycol is mixed with the water so that
water should not freeze and stop circulating through the equipment. The regasified LNG
(RLNG) at 90 bar pressure is then sent to the metering & send-out pipeline for
transportation to various customers through a cross country pipeline network. The
proposed project envisages expansion of existing Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMTPA
to 10 MMTPA.

As part of the expansion work, 2 additional Full Containment type LNG storage tanks of
180,000 cubic meter capacity each, High Pressure LNG Pumps, Vaporizers,
Atmospheric Air Heaters, Captive Power Plant, etc. will be installed along with allied
piping, civil, instrumentation and electrical jobs apart from requisite utilities and ancillary
facilities. Natural Gas is lighter than air and hence in case of any leakage, it will go up in
to the atmosphere. Piping will be fabricated with fully welded joints avoiding flange
connections, thereby reducing the risk of leakages. Boil-off gas generated in the
Terminal will be converted to liquid LNG with the help of re-condenser and sent back
into the system. Safety and integrity of the facilities is ensured through gas detection/
leak detection and alarm system installed in the Terminal. The expansion project will be
built in line with the international codes and standards in terms of construction and
safety.

1.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

At present, natural gas share in India is only 6% of the total energy basket of India as
compared to world average of 24%. As gas is efficient and environment friendly fuel, it is
aptly termed as green fuel and so preferred fuel of the century. There is a wide gap
between gas demand and supply due to inadequate domestic gas discoveries and
production in the present scenario. The future outlook for domestic gas production
estimated by various agencies is not sufficient to meet the growing demand and the
country remains gas deficient. Hence the only way to meet the growing demand of gas
is to import LNG and use it. Southern states, particularly Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and
some parts of Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh are starving for power due to inadequate
gas supplies. Various market studies indicated that there is sufficient demand for LNG in
the region and particularly major demand centers are in the vicinity of Chennai.

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Moreover, in a bid to move to gas-based economy, Government of India (GoI) has been
focusing on increasing the gas share in the energy mix to 15 percent from the current 6
percent by the year 2030. There is also a push to establish national gas grid and has
already notified unified tariff structure with the aim to reduce the cost of natural gas for
users far away from the source of natural gas and / or LNG terminal. This would act as a
catalyst in boosting the consumption of natural gas in the country. The demand for
RLNG in the catchment area of Ennore LNG Terminal, is expected to increase beyond 5
MMTPA by 2025-26. The additional gas demand in the catchment area would be on
account of new gas based Power Plants and switching of existing Power Plants to
RLNG. There will also be an increase in RLNG demand due to development of CGD
networks in the districts of Chennai, Tiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Vellore,
Chittoor, etc. as well as Puducherry.

There is also a potential demand of LNG from the neighbouring countries viz. Myanmar,
Bangladesh & Sri Lanka through LNG break bulking operations and offering ancillary
services like gassing up & cooling down, LNG bunkering, etc. Considering the time and
efforts required for construction of new storage tanks and the requirement of enhanced
regasification capacity of the Terminal, Ennore LNG terminal has planned for the
Expansion Project to cater to additional gas demand of the customers in Ennore
catchment area in future.

Expansion of gas infrastructure would improve the quality of life of local people by
bringing in more direct / indirect employment opportunities. It is envisaged to generate
some direct and indirect employments for local people. New industries / power plants
planned to be set up based on gas will benefit from this terminal and hence likely to
cause less pollution than that of coal based power plants.

1.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST

For expansion of the Terminal, no additional land is required since the additional LNG
storage tanks as well as regasification facilities will be located within the existing
premises of the Ennore LNG Terminal. The estimated cost of the Expansion Project is
approximately Rs. 3,400 Crores. The Expansion Project is expected to be completed
and commissioned in 54 months.

1.4 PROJECT PROPONENT

1.4.1 Address of the Project Proponent

The correspondence address of the project proponent is:

CEO
Indian Oil LNG Private Limited
Indian Oil Bhavan, 8th Floor
139, Nungambakkam High Road
Chennai - 600 034

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Landline: 044-27964559
Email: [email protected]

1.4.2 Particulars of EIA Consultant

The EIA consultant is Engineers India Limited. The complete address for
correspondence is given below:

Mr. Parveen Kumar Goel,

Head : EIA, Sustainability & Water Department,
Engineers India Limited,
EIL Office Complex,
Sector-16, On NH-48,
Gurugram – 122001, Haryana,
Email: [email protected]
Tel: 0124-2891235

1.5 NEED & SCOPEOF THE EIA STUDY

As per project/activity 6(a) of Schedule of EIA Notification 2006, for setting up any New
LNG Terminal or it’s Expansion, Environmental Clearance (EC) is required EIA
Notification, 2006. Hence, the project will also require Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ)
clearance from Tamil Nadu Coastal Zone Management Authority (TNCZMA) and
MoEFCC. Hence, an EIA study report along with Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) is needed to be submitted to all statutory bodies. Therefore, EIA study has been
carried out for the proposed project.

1.5.1 Project location

Indian Oil LNG Import, Storage, and Re-gasification Terminal is situated inside the
Kamarajar Port Ltd (KPL), Vallur Post, Thiruvallur District, Chennai – 600120. The
proposed expansion will be coming up inside the existing terminal complex. Tentative
co-ordinates of proposed facility are Latitude: 13°17'33"N and Longitude 80°20'36"E.
The Ennore Port accesses the vast Manali Industrial area, two thermal power plants and
has about 3300 acres of its own land. Along with the Tamilnadu Industrial development
Corporation (TIDCO) it has an access to another 4000 acres of land around the port
area. The location is fairly uninhabited with barren salt marshes all around and therefore
ideally located to handle various cargo to cater to the Manali Industrial area and TIDCO
Petrochem Park proposed adjoining the port. The port has excellent connectivity with the
hinterland through the National Highways and well connected by railway network. The
Port is connected to the Southern Railway network and a BG railway siding exists upto
North Chennai Thermal Power Station (NCTPS).

The port is well connected by State and National highways. The road connectivity is
obtained through NH4, NH5 and NH45. A network of internal roads connects railway
sidings, stack yards and Tankage areas. Southern Railway connects Ennore port to all

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parts of the country. There is a railway yard in which wagons are received and
interchanged. Ennore Railway Station is approx. 10 Km from the terminal.

Fig. 1.1: Location Map of IOLPL Ennore LNG Terminal

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Fig. 1.2: Google map of the IOLPL Ennore LNG Terminal

1.5.2 List of industries around the project

Thiruvallur district is one of the fastest developing districts in Tamil Nadu in terms of
Industrial Development. The district has many leading industries like CPCL Refineries,
Madras Fertilizers, Manali Petro Chemicals, MRF, Ashok Leyland, TI Cycles, Britannia
India Ltd, Parry India Ltd and Hindustan Motors. It also boasts of the Ennore Thermal
Power Station and the Avadi Tank Factory. The District has 16 Industrial Estates, all are
in operation.

1.5.3 Environmental Sensitivity

There is no National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, historic monuments around 10 Km radius

of the Indianoil LNG terminal. Nearest Railway Station: Attipattu Pudunagar (5 km),
nearest airport: Chennai (50 km), nearest big city: Chennai (25 km). Environmental
Sensitivity table is provided below.

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Table 1.1 Details of Environmental Setting

Aerial distance (within 15
Name/
S.No. Areas km.) Proposed project
Identity
location boundary
1 Areas protected under international
conventions, national or local legislation for
No
their ecological, landscape, cultural or other
related value
2 Areas which are important or sensitive for There is no natural forest
ecological reasons - Wetlands, watercourses or land, reserve forest or
other water bodies, coastal zone, biospheres, No ecological sensitive areas in
mountains, forests the vicinity of the project site.

3 Areas used by protected, important or sensitive The land identified for the
species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, project is the developed land
foraging, resting, over wintering, migration. parcels inside operating
Terminal and no terrestrial
fauna species are available in
No the area. Bird species found in
the proposed development
area are common urban birds
such as the cuckoo, cattle
egret, etc.

4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground waters Bay of Bengal, Kosasthalaiyar

Yes
River
5 State, National boundaries No
6 Routes or facilities used by the public for
access No
to recreation or other tourist, pilgrim areas
7 Defense installations No
8 Densely populated or built-up area No
9 Areas occupied by sensitive man-made land No
uses (hospitals, schools, places of worship,
community facilities)
10 Areas containing important, high quality or No
scarce resources (ground water resources,
surface resources, forestry, agriculture,
fisheries, tourism, minerals)
11 Areas already subjected to pollution or
environmental damage. (those where existing No
legal environmental standards are exceeded)

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Aerial distance (within 15

Name/
S.No. Areas km.) Proposed project
Identity
location boundary
12 Areas susceptible to natural hazard which could
cause the project to present environmental
problems (earthquakes, subsidence, landslides, No
erosion, flooding or extreme or adverse climatic
conditions)

1.6 SCOPE OF EIA

The scope of the present EIA study includes detailed characterization of existing status
of various environmental components viz., air, noise, water, land, soil, traffic, flora
fauna, meteorological and socio-economic conditions in 10 Km project area.

The scope of study broadly includes:

 Establish the baseline environmental status of the study area utilizing three months
baseline data (March, 2022–May, 2022 by M/s. J.P. Test & Research Centre).
 Assessment of the present status of air, water, noise, traffic, land, soil, flora-fauna
and socio-economic components of environment based on field surveys and
available literature.
 Identification of likely impacts of various activities proposed to be undertaken during
construction as well as operation phases of the project.
 Prediction and evaluating the impact of activities carried out during the construction
and operational phases of the project.
 Preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which is to be adopted
for mitigation of adverse impacts and improving the environmental quality.
 Risk assessment for storage& regasification operations.

1.7 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT

The report has been divided into 12 chapters and presented as follows:

Chapter-1.0: This chapter provides background information of the project, brief

Introduction description and objectives of the project, description of the area,
scope, methodology and organization of the study.
Chapter-2.0: This chapter presents the background information on the Project
Project Description activities, process being adopted, sources of pollution and control
thereof.
Chapter-3.0: This chapter presents the methodology and findings of field studies
Description of the undertaken to establish the baseline conditions.
Environment
Chapter-4.0: This chapter details the inferences drawn from the Environmental

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Anticipated Impact Assessment of “The project” during construction and

Environment Impacts operational phase. It describes the overall impacts of the proposed
and mitigation project and underscores the areas of concern which need mitigation
measures measures.
Chapter-5.0: This chapter provides Alternative analysis of site & evaluation of the
Analysis of Alternative different choices available to achieve a particular project
Site management objective. It is an analytical comparison of different
factors like operational cost, risks, effectiveness as well as the
shortfalls in an operational capability.
Chapter-6.0: This chapter provides technical aspects of monitoring the
Environment effectiveness of mitigation measures (incl. Measurement
Monitoring Program methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting
schedules)
Chapter-7.0: This chapter covers Risk involved in the proposed facilities,
Additional Studies storages and utilities and Occupational Health and Safety. It also
includes Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) study report carried out as
part of this Project.
Chapter-8.0: Project This chapter presents the details of Local area development
Benefits programmes that shall be implementing in local vicinity during
Construction & Operation phases of the Project.
Chapter- 9.0: This chapter presents the details of Environmental Cost Benefit
Environmental Cost analysis; if recommended at the scoping stage.
Benefit Analysis
Chapter-10.0: This chapter provides recommendations for Environment
Environment Management Plan (EMP) including mitigation measures for
Management Plan minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the project.
(EMP) Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation
of mitigation measures during construction as well as during
operation of the project along with required institutional
arrangements for their implementation. Budgetary cost estimates for
mitigation measures are also brought out.
Chapter-11.0: This will constitute the summary of EIA Report.
Summary &
Conclusion
Chapter-12.0: This chapter contains the list of various experts engaged in
Disclosure of preparing the EIA report along with brief introduction of the
Consultants consultant company.

1.8 MOEFCC APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA

IOLPL submitted proposal (vide Proposal No.: IA/TN/IND2/226614/202109) dated 02

Sep 2021 to obtain Terms of Reference (TOR). Based on the review of the documents
submitted by the IOLPL, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
(MoEFCC) prescribed standard TOR (No.11-30/2011-IA.III dated 9th September, 2021)
for preparing environment impact assessment report and obtaining Environmental
Clearance in accordance with the provisions of the EIA Notification, 2006 under activity

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“6(a) Oil & gas transportation pipeline (crude and refinery/petrochemical products),
passing through national parks / sanctuaries /coral reefs /ecologically sensitive areas
including LNG Terminal”. The approved TOR is attached as Annexure-I.

1.9 EARLIER ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE AND THEIR COMPLIANCE

The existing Ennore Terminal has obtained environmental and CRZ clearances. Project
proponent is regularly submitting its compliance report to regional office of MoEFCC at
Chennai. All environment clearances accorded from MoEFCC are given in brief in below
mentioned Table 1.2.

Table 1.2: Previous Environmental Clearances issued to Ennore Terminal from

MoEFCC
Sl Projects/ Environment Date Compliance
No Units Clearance
document
1 Environmental and CRZ F.No. 11-30/2011- 10.02.2014 Complied
Clearance for setting up IA.III
of LNG Terminal at
Ennore, Tamil Nadu by
M/s. Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd.
2 Transfer of F.No. 11-30/2011-IA 22.04.2016 Complied
Environmental III Pt. File
Clearance for setting up
of LNG Terminal at
Ennore, Tamil Nadu from
M/s. Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd. to M/s.
Indian Oil LNG Private
Ltd.
3 Setting up of LNG F.No.11-30/2011-IA.III 10.10.2018 Complied
Terminal at Ennore,
Tamil Nadu by M/s
Indian Oil LNG
Private Ltd - Amendment
in Environmental and
CRZ Clearance

A certified copy of the latest monitoring report from Regional Office, MoEFCC (Chennai) on
the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all environmental clearances is
attached in Annexure II. CTE and latest CTO are attached as Annexure-III.

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CHAPTER – 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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2.0 INTRODUCTION

This existing terminal receives imported LNG through LNG carriers / ships at a dedicated
LNG Berth already constructed inside Kamarajar Port and stores the same at cryogenic
temperature of (-) 162 Degree Celsius and near atmospheric pressure i.e. 180 mbar in 2
nos of above ground full containment type LNG tanks of 180000 cubic meter capacity each.
Full containment tanks are the safest tanks for LNG storage. LNG stored at (-) 162deg C in
the tank is pumped with the help of In-tank Low Pressure pumps at 10 bar to flood the
suction of High-Pressure pumps, which in turn pressurize LNG to 90 bar. LNG is then
converted into gas in the Shell and Tube type Vaporisers by indirect heating with room
temperature water-glycol mixture. The glycol is mixed with the water so that water should
not freeze and stop circulating through the equipment. The regasified LNG (RLNG) at 90
bar pressure is then sent to the metering & send-out pipeline for transportation to various
customers through a cross country pipeline network. The proposed project envisages
expansion of existing Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMTPA to 10 MMTPA.

As part of the expansion work, 2 additional Full Containment type LNG storage tanks of
180,000 cubic meter capacity each, High Pressure LNG Pumps, Vaporizers, Atmospheric
Air Heaters, Captive Power Plant will be installed along with allied piping, civil,
instrumentation and electrical jobs apart from requisite utilities and ancillary facilities. Piping
will be fabricated with fully welded joints avoiding flange connections, thereby reducing the
risk of leakages. Boil-off gas generated in the Terminal will be converted to liquid LNG with
the help of re-condenser and sent back into the system. Safety and integrity of the facilities
is ensured through gas detection and alarm system installed in the Terminal. The expansion
project will be built in line with the international/ Indian codes and standards in terms of
construction and safety. For expansion of the Terminal, no additional land is required since
the additional LNG storage tanks as well as regasification facilities will be located within the
existing premises of the Terminal at Kamarajar Port, Ennore, Tamilnadu.

2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

The Ennore LNG terminal is currently designed considering the following sendout:

 Normal – 20 MMSCMD
 Minimum – 8 MMSCMD
 Design – 24 MMSCMD (20% overdesign)

The terminal is designed to provide sendout gas at the battery limit at the following
pressures:
 Normal operating pressure: 88 barg
 Minimum operating pressure: 80 barg
 Maximum pressure: 95 barg

The send out temperature at normal operating pressure will be minimum 5oC.

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The proposed configuration to augment the capacity of existing Ennore LNG Terminal from
5 MMTPA to 10 MMTPA (20 MMSCMD to 40 MMSCMD) has the following broad scope of
the project facilities:

1. LNG Storage Tanks and associated facilities

2. Regasification facilities including Offsites and Utility Blocks

The expansion project will have the following components:

 Storage system: LNG storage tanks and Low pressure LNG pumps
 High pressure LNG pumps
 Vaporizers
 Metering system and Final Pressure Adjust
 Fuel gas / natural gas system
 Relief and drain system

Tie-ins and plot plan space will be considered to cover the future expansions. In below
sections, detailed descriptions have been provided.

2.2 PROPOSED PROCESS DESCRIPTION

The process description for various process systems provided in following sections.

2.2.1 Storage system: LNG Storage tanks and low pressure LNG Pumps

Two (2) full containment storage tanks of having capacities of 180,000 m3 each have been
considered for the LNG reception and storage. Unloading operation from carriers can be
done to a single tank or simultaneously to both tanks. This section consists of two (2) tanks
and four (4) Low Pressure LNG Pumps per tank. Each storage tank and its group of LP
LNG pumps (considering one as spare) are able to provide the normal / maximum Terminal
send out. The tanks are provided with two filling lines to achieve an optimum mixing
between LNG with different composition. One line sends LNG to the top of the inner tank
and the other line sends LNG to the bottom. The filling mode depends on the quality of the
stored and the unloaded LNG. When unloaded LNG is heavier than stored, the LNG from
carrier is sent to the top of the inner tank. Lighter LNG from carrier is sent to the bottom of
the tank. The top loading will be carried out using a piping connection in to the top of the
tank with a splash plate. The bottom loading will be performed using a standpipe inside the
tank with a down-comer pipe. Tanks will store the LNG, and the space at the tank top shall
hold the vapours generated due to the tank heat leak (Boil off Gas, BOG). LNG from LP
LNG Pumps is collected from both storage tanks in the LP header to send the LNG to the
Recondenser and to the truck loading area. LP LNG pumps are protected from low flow by a
kick backline under flow control. BOG is handled with the existing BOG Compressors to be
returned to the jetty during ship unloading and to be recovered, used as fuel gas and
recondensed with LNG.Tanks normal operating pressure varies from 100 to 250 mbarg,
depending on Terminal operation mode(ship unloading or no ship unloading). Tank
pressure is maintained with BOG compressors. An absolute pressure controller acting over
compressor capacity is included in both tanks to maintain the operating pressure of the
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tanks. Two gauge pressure controllers are also included in both tanks to add high pressure
NG in case of low pressure or to send the BOG to the flare in case of high pressure in the
system. For emergency situations pressure relief valves and vacuum breaker valves are
installed on the top of each storage tank to ensure the tank integrity. Alarms and shutdown
devices have been incorporated to provide maximum safety for the tanks.

2.2.2 High Pressure LNG Pumps

LNG from LP pumps, via recondenser and by-pass line, is pumped by the High Pressure
LNG pumps to the vaporizers under flow control. The pressure of this stream is increased
up to the pressure level required for the natural gas transmission system (95 barg max) by
these pumps. Minimum flow protection facilities (kick-back line) have been provided in order
to protect the pumps. Pump suction barrel pressure is floating with the recondenser.

2.2.3 Vaporizers

LNG at adequate pressure is routed from the high pressure pumps to the vaporizers under
flow control according to Terminal send out. The LNG is heated and vaporized from -135ºC
to 7ºC approximately. The vaporization system configuration consists of six (6) Shell and
Tube Vaporizers (STV’s) which use water– ethylene glycol mixture (WEG) as intermediate
fluid in a close loop. Ethylene glycol content is 36 wt. % to avoid freezing inside vaporizer.
The STV’s are vertical type with process fluid (LNG) by the tube side and heating medium
(WEG) by the shell side. To avoid heating medium freezing, the cold end of the exchanger
is in co-current flow and the rest in counter-current flow. There are, therefore, two hot fluid
inlets to the shell and a single outlet. The LNG enters the exchanger at the bottom and NG
exits at the top. The Ambient Air Heaters (AAHs) are forced draft type used for heating
water-ethylene glycol mixture from the vaporizers outlet.

2.2.4 Metering System and Final Pressure Adjust

Natural gas, before sent to the natural gas transmission system, needs to be metered.
Fiscal metering is required using ultrasonic flow meters. The pipeline pressure will vary due
to different changes in demand, therefore, a pressure control valve shall be provided
downstream of the metering station in order to ensure a steady Terminal send out
operation. The range of operating pressure in the grid is from 80 barg to 95 barg. In case of
high pressure, pressure controller can reduce the LNG flow rate to vaporizer in order to limit
the NG sent to the grid.

2.2.5 Fuel Gas/ Natural Gas System

Fuel gas is required for minor consumptions such as flare header purging, flare pilot
lightning, etc. Compressed BOG is used as fuel gas and NG from vaporizers is used as
back-up. Additionally, natural gas is required to be supplied as fuel for the Captive Power
Plant located within the LNG Terminal. This natural gas is provided from the send out
header upstream of the metering system.

2.2.6 Relief and Drain System

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Relief philosophy is based on sending the warm relieves (gas) to the BOG header (tank
vapour space).Warm relieves coming from recondenser and compressors pressure safety
valves are directed to the BOG header. Due to the large volume of the system, no
pressurization is expected and the vapour relief would not discharge to flare. A flare system
within the Terminal is considered as final destination in case of overpressure of the BOG
system. The flare stack is the final disposal element that uses combustion to do it in a safe
way. The flare system receives mainly controlled discharges from tanks and other
equipments and depressurization of the plant for maintenance and for fire emergency
protection. Relief from safety valves of major equipments such as tanks and vaporizers will
be sent to atmosphere at safe location.

A dedicated LNG drain system is provided. In general, major and minor systems and
thermal relief valves discharge to this system. LNG drain system consists in a drain header
that collects different drainages and thermal expansion liquid relieves. Drainages from high
pressure equipment are provided with restriction orifice to limit the flow rates and protect
drain system piping from high pressures. Drain header discharges to an underground
horizontal vessel with boot. This drain drum is balanced with the BOG header. It is emptied
pumping out the liquid to the storage tanks using a vertical motor-driven submersible- type
centrifugal pump mounted inside the boot of the drain vessel. Some systems are not
drained to the dedicated drain system. The unloading arms and the jetty head are drained to
the storage tanks through the unloading lines using the jetty knockout drum. The
compressor suction knockout drum is drained directly to the storage tanks using the
compressor drain vessel. Finally, some systems, such as LP pumps wells, individual LP
pumps discharge lines and truck loading area, are drained directly to the storage tanks.

2.2.7 Recirculation Lines

When large LNG lines are not in operation, ambient heat leak into these LNG filled lines
may produce vaporization. Therefore, it is a good practice to circulate LNG through all this
lines to keep them at a constant temperature. No vaporization is allowed. Unloading lines
during no ship unloading and between LNG ship arrivals, the cooling operation is performed
by the recirculation of LNG from the LP send out header through one of the unloading lines
up to the unloading arms isolation valves. The recirculation flow is returned back to the
Terminal through the other unloading line and this LNG is sent to the recondenser during
normal operation. Part of the recirculation flow returns to the two storage tanks to keep all
tank fill lines cold. In case of the Terminal is in zero send outmode, the LNG from
recirculation lines is sent to the tanks and the BOG generated is sent to the flare. LP LNG
pumps discharge lines: the discharge line of each LP pump that is not in service is kept cold
by circulating LNG from the LP send out header up to pump well through a small by-pass
around block valves and check valves. The cool down return lines, which are located as
close as possible to vaporizers inlet flange, send the LNG from each vaporizer to the tanks
via the recirculation lines. Trucks loading lines: using LNG from the LP pumps the truck
loading lines are kept cold. The LNG is sent back to the tanks.

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Figure 2.1: PFD of the proposed process facilities

2.3 Utilities and Ancillary Facilities

Nitrogen
Nitrogen is required at the terminal for equipment purging and maintenance purposes.
Adequate on site nitrogen generation and storage for liquid nitrogen will be provided at the
terminal. The nitrogen generation is based on normal purging and maintenance
requirements. For start-up and/or LNG tank purging, additional nitrogen will be made
available on site by providing liquid nitrogen tanks from supply vehicles.

Air
Instrument and utility air for use within the terminal are produced on site. Three air
compressors will provide necessary air for instrument, plant air and Nitrogen. Regenerative
instrument air drying system, separate instrument and utility receivers, and piping headers
are provided.

Power
Total power requirement for the proposed project is 12 MW. The additional power
requirement will be met from own Captive Power Plant. A battery supplied UPS
(Uninterrupted Power Supply) system powers the Emergency Shutdown (ESD) and gas and

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fire systems to ensure the operation of critical systems in the unlikely event of a complete
failure of the power.

Raw Water system

For proposed project treated water requirement is 10 m3/hr. The water will be used mainly
for service water, fire water make up, horticulture and drinking water. Water will be
generated in-house from atmosphere.

Waste and Wastewater Treatment

In LNG vaporization scheme normally no liquid, gaseous and solid waste is generated. Only
domestic sewage is generated, which is collected and handled through soak-pit/ septic
tanks.

Gas Detection, Alarm, Firefighting and ESD Systems

A centralized spill, fire and combustible gas alarm and control system will provide input to
an information management system. Automatic detection devices, manual alarms and
audible and visual signaling devices will be strategically located throughout the terminal.
Automatic detection devices will include flame, fire and heat, smoke, low temperature and
combustible gas detectors. CCTV monitors will be installed to allow visual surveillance of
critical facilities from the central control room. An emergency shutdown system (ESD) will
be incorporated in the design of the terminal and provide the operators with the capability of
remotely shutting down the entire or selective portions of the terminal.

Communications
The terminal will be outfitted with up-to-date communications equipment capable of
maintaining contact with the LNG carriers scheduled to offload at the terminal and with the
standby tugs.

Buildings
Switchgear/MCC Building - will house switchgear, motor control centers, panel boards,
UPS, batteries and battery charges, lighting transformers, PLC panels for switchgears,
MCCs, generator control panels and other equipment. Additional buildings based on
requirements would be provided.

2.4 Land Requirement

For this proposed project, no additional land is required. All the proposed project facilities
are coming up within the existing LNG Terminal complex area. Total area of Ennore LNG
terminal is 128 acres. Existing green belt area of terminal is 42.24 acres. The plot plan of
proposed plant is attached as Figure 2.2 and Annexure-IV.

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Figure 2.2: The Plot Plan of the Expansion project at Ennore LNG terminal

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L

CHAPTER – 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

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3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the description of the existing environmental status of the study
area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers the
area falling within 10 km radius around the proposed project. The existing environmental
setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental conditions, which are
described with respect to climate & meteorology, land use, water quality, soil quality,
noise levels, vegetation pattern, ecology, traffic density and socio -economic profile of
local communities. This would help in assessing the environmental impacts due to the
proposed project.

This report incorporates the baseline data monitored during March, 2022 to May, 2022 at
Ennore LNG Terminal, Chennai site. M/s J.P. Test & Research Center, Ghaziabad, Uttar
Pradesh (Accredited by NABL) has carried out baseline data collection for Meteorology,
air, water, noise, traffic and soil environment during the above mentioned time period.

3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.2.1 Meteorology Condition

Meteorological conditions at the site regulate the transport and diffusion of air-pollutants
released into the atmosphere. Ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and
atmospheric stability are called primary or basic meteorological parameters because the
dispersion and diffusion of pollutants depend mainly on these parameters. Humidity,
precipitation, pressure and visibility are secondary meteorological parameters as this
control the dispersion of the pollutants indirectly by affecting primary parameters.

3.2.1.1 Site Specific Meteorological Data

A meteorological station was installed on the rooftop of the project site at Ennore LNG
Terminal, Chennai. Wind speed, Wind direction, Temperature, Relative Humidity and
general weather conditions were recorded on hourly basis throughout the study period.

Temperature
The maximum and minimum dry bulb temperatures recorded during the study period
were 42.5° C and 22.5° C respectively, while the average temperature was 31.5°C.

Relative Humidity
During the study period, mean humidity was recorded at 70.8% while maximum and
minimum humidity were observed as 52% and 86% respectively.

Wind Pattern
During the study period, the average wind velocity was observed as 2.2 m/s ranging from
calm condition to 18.8 m/s. The corresponding wind rose diagram is shown in Fig.3.1.

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Figure:3.1 Onsite Wind-rose Diagram for Innore LNG Terminal

Table 3.1: Micro-meteorology of the Project Site

Temperature (ºC) Humidity (%)

Max Min Avg. Max Min Avg.
42.5 22.5 31.5 86 52 71

Wind Speed (m/s) Rainfall

Pre-dominant Wind Direction
Max Min Avg. (mm)

18.8 Calm 2.2 South East to North West 17.3

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Figure 3.2: Meteorological Station Installed at Project Site

3.2.1.2 Metrological Condition

Micro-meteorological Data
To record the prevailing meteorological conditions at the site, a meteorological
observatory was set up at a height 10m above the ground level at the project site. Both
primary and secondary data were collected for this project and compared to understand
the micrometeorological conditions prevailing in the project area. This is described in the
subsequent sections

Secondary Data (IMD, Chennai Nandiambakkam)

Secondary data collected from IMD, Chennai (Nandiambakkam) station provided the
following details. The monthly mean maximum temperature was recorded 32.90C and the
monthly mean minimum temperature was recorded 24.6oC. Maximum temperature was
recorded in the month of May, whereas minimum in the month of January.

The monthly maximum and minimum humidity levels were recorded 83% and 62 %
respectively. Maximum humidity levels were recorded in the month of Nov, and October
and minimum humidity levels were recorded in the months of May and June. Maximum
annual rainfall was 407.4 mm observed in the month of November (Refer Table - 3.2).

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Table – 3.2: Monthly Mean values of Meteorological Data

Relative Humidity
Temperature (0C) Rainfall
Month (%)
(mm)
Max. Min. Avg. Min. Max.
January 30.7 18.4 24.6 81 67 22.5
February 33.0 19.3 26.2 80 67 2.2
March 35.2 21.2 28.2 78 68 4.0
April 38.0 23.6 30.8 74 71 7.7
May 41.4 24.4 32.9 67 68 43.9
June 40.2 23.7 32.0 63 62 55.9
July 38.2 22.9 30.6 70 65 100.3
August 37.0 22.7 29.9 73 67 140.4
September 36.6 22.8 29.7 77 72 137.3
October 35.0 22.2 28.6 82 76 278.8
November 32.3 20.2 26.3 83 76 407.4
December 30.2 19.1 24.7 81 72 191.1
Total 1391.5
Source: (IMD, Chennai, Nandiampakkam)

Primary Data (Data generated near proposed project site)

An automatic weather station was installed at a height of 10 m at proposed project

site. Hourly observations were recorded for temperature, humidity, wind direction,
wind speed and rainfall. The data collected are depicted in the form of „wind rose
diagram‟.

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Figure 3.3: Secondary Data - Wind Rose Diagram (March.-May, 2022)

3.2.2 Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring locations have been selected on the basis of predominant Up-wind & Down-
wind directions, Topography, habitation and sensitive receptors. All probable directions,
which may be polluted due to the emission from the project activity, have been covered.

The monitoring stations have been setup in order to locate the locations as close as
feasible to the anticipated maximum pollutant concentration areas. Logistic
considerations such as accessibility, security, and availability of reliable power supply
etc. were also examined while finalizing the stations. The monitoring locations are
depicted in Table 3.4.

Table 3.3: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Direction Distance
Sampling Latitude / from from
Code
Location Longitude project Project
site Site
13°16'43.06"N
Minjur AAQ-1 W 7.8 km
80°15'42.49"E
13°12'20.17"N
Manali AAQ-2 S 9.5 km
80°16'42.09"E
13°13'55.40"N
Vallur AAQ-3 SW 8.5 km
80°16'29.09"E
13°15'4.82"N
Athipattu AAQ-4 S 5.0 km
80°18'18.79"E

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Direction Distance
Sampling Latitude / from from
Code
Location Longitude project Project
site Site
13°13'10.30"N
Vichoor AAQ-5 SW 9.6 km
80°16'7.15"E
13°15'43.55"N
Nandiampakkam AAQ-6 SW 5.5 km
80°17'13.10"E
13°18'58.76"N
Voyalur AAQ-7 NW 6.5 km
80°16'44.70"E
13°13'3.82"N
Ennore Village AAQ-8 S 7.5 km
80°19'10.42"E
Note: The distance and direction of the monitoring location has been considered from the
mid of the project site.

Figure- 3.4: Air Quality Monitoring Sampling Locations Map – Ennore LNG Terminal

Parameters, Frequency and Monitoring Methodology

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two samples
per week at eight locations in a day for Ennore LNG Terminal. Baseline data of
ambient air has been generated for the following parameters as mentioned below.
 PM10
 PM 2.5
 Sulphur-dioxide (SO2)
 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)
 Carbon monoxide (CO)
 Benzene
 Hydrocarbon (Methane & Non-Methane)
 VOCs
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The equipment was placed at open space free from trees and vegetation which
otherwise act as a sink of pollutants resulting in lower levels in monitoring results.
Monitoring has been carried out as per the latest CPCB and MoEFCC guidelines and
notifications.

Respirable Dust Samplers were installed for monitoring gaseous pollutants like
Particulate Matter 10 (PM10), SO2, NOx, Whereas the concentration Particulate Matter
2.5 (PM2.5) were monitored by installing Fine Particulate Sampler. Benzene in ambient
air was sampled using Benzene Sampler and analysed using GC. Carbon Monoxide &
Hydrocarbon Sample in the ambient air was collected in Tedler Bag.

Duration and Frequency of Sampling

The monitoring has been carried out at a frequency of Twice in a week at each station,
adopting a continuous 24-hour schedule except for CO and Benzene.

AAQ Standards
The standards of the air quality are set at a level necessary for an adequate margin of
safety, to protect the public health, vegetation and property. The Ambient Air Quality
standards have been notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (vide Gazette
Notification dated 16th Nov 2009). The standards are given in Table 3.4 below.

Table 3.4: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Concentration in µg/m3 except for CO in mg/m3
Industrial, Ecologically Sensitive
Pollutant
Time Residential, Rural area (Notified by
& other areas Central Govt.)
Annual Avg. 60 60
PM10 (µg/m3)
24 hours 100 100
Annual Avg. 40 40
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
24 hours 60 60
Annual Avg.* 50 20
Sulphur Dioxide (µg/m3)
24 hours** 80 80
Annual Avg. 40 30
Oxides of Nitrogen (µg/m3)
24 hours 80 80
8 hourly 02 02
CO (mg/m3)
1 hourly 04 04
Benzene (C6H6) Annual Avg. 5 5
Source: Gazette of India Notification, dated 16th Nov, 2009.
* Annual Arithmetic Means of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site
taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.
** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable shall be complied
with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may exceed the limits but not on two
consecutive days of monitoring.

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Figure3.5: Site Photographs of AAQ monitoring during Study Period

Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality – Methodology

Pollutants Method of analysis
Gravimetric Method by using Repairable particulate
matter sampler Cyclonic flow Technique “Repairable
PM10 Particulate Matter
Dust Sampler” (RDS).(IS:5182 (Part-23:2006) RA
Dust

2017)
Gravimetric method by using Fine particulate
PM2.5 Particulate Matter
sampler. IS:5182 (Part-24:2019)
Absorption in diluted NaOH and then estimated
calorimetrically with sulphanilamide and N (I-
NO2 Nitrous Oxide Nepthyle) Ethylene diamine Dihydrochloride and
Hydrogen Peroxide (IS: 5182 (Part-06) 2006 RA
2017).
Gases

Absorption in Sodium Tetra Chloromercurate

followed by Colorimetric estimation using P-
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
Rosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde (IS:
5182 (Part-02) 2001 RA 2017).
CO Carbon monoxide GC method- IS: 5182 (Part-10)1999 RA 2019

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Pollutants Method of analysis

C6H6 Benzene GC method- IS: 5182 (Part-11) 2006 RA 2017
HC Hydrocarbons GC Method-IS 5182 (Part 17)
VOC Volatile Organic Compounds GC Method – EPA 21 PID

Monitoring Results
The overall Statistical analysis (Minimum, Maximum, Arithmetic Mean, Standard
deviation and 98-Percentile values through-out the study period) of the ambient air
quality in region are shown in Table 3.6 to Table 3.10 and summarized in Table 3.11.

Particulate Matter10 (PM 10)

During the monitoring period the 98th percentile value of PM10 varies between 58.3 g/m3
at Vallur and 78.7 g/m3 at Athipattu. However, the values were found to be below the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Table 3.6: Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) in µg/m3

Location Code Min Max STD. DEV. 98th % tile AVERAGE
AAQ-1 41.6 60.5 5.7 59.2 49.7
AAQ-2 43.9 62.4 5.4 61.6 52.9
AAQ-3 42.2 59.2 4.3 58.3 51.0
AAQ-4 51.3 79.2 7.3 78.7 70.5
AAQ-5 39.4 59.5 5.2 58.6 51.3
AAQ-6 46.3 74.2 8.0 73.5 58.1
AAQ-7 38.7 58.4 5.8 57.8 49.8
AAQ-8 43.9 76.4 7.9 75.8 66.3

Particulate Matter2.5 (PM 2.5)

The 98th percentile value of PM2.5 varies between 26.7 g/m3 at Vallur and 39.5 g/m3 at
Athipattu. The concentration of PM2.5 was found to be well below the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Table 3.7: Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in µg/m3

Location STD.
Min Max 98th % tile AVERAGE
Code DEV.
AAQ-1 19.8 28.1 2.5 27.3 24.1
AAQ-2 21.8 30.1 1.8 29.5 26.4
AAQ-3 21.4 27.3 1.3 26.7 24.4
AAQ-4 24.2 40.1 3.1 39.5 33.5
AAQ-5 20.2 29.4 2.1 28.7 24.5
AAQ-6 21.8 33.4 3.0 32.9 27.6
AAQ-7 19.5 28.9 2.2 28.0 24.3
AAQ-8 22.7 38.5 3.1 37.6 22.7

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Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

During the monitoring period the 98th percentile value of SO2 varies between 9.8 g/m3
at Voyalur and 15.7 g/m3 at Athipattu. The concentration of SO2 was found to be well
below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Table 3.8: Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) in µg/m3

Location STD.
Min Max 98th % tile AVERAGE
Code DEV.
AAQ-1 7.6 11.5 5.7 10.8 8.9
AAQ-2 8.2 15.2 1.6 14.6 10.6
AAQ-3 7.1 11.3 1.0 10.6 8.4
AAQ-4 9.2 16.2 1.5 15.7 12.7
AAQ-5 6.5 10.9 1.2 10.5 8.4
AAQ-6 7.7 11.2 1.0 10.9 8.8
AAQ-7 6.7 10.3 0.8 9.8 8.3
AAQ-8 7.9 15.3 1.4 14.9 12.6

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

During the monitoring period the 98th percentile value of NO x varies between 17.7 g/m3
at Voyalur Village and 26.9 g/m3 at Ennore Village. The concentration of NOx was
found to be well below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Table 3.9: Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) in µg/m3

Location STD.
Min Max 98th % tile AVERAGE
Code DEV.
AAQ-1 14.0 19.7 1.6 18.2 16.0
AAQ-2 16.4 24.1 2.1 23.5 19.8
AAQ-3 13.3 21.9 2.6 21.0 16.9
AAQ-4 15.7 27.4 2.7 26.6 22.4
AAQ-5 12.3 19.3 1.9 18.6 14.9
AAQ-6 13.2 22.7 2.4 21.9 17.3
AAQ-7 12.9 18.4 14.8 17.7 15.7
AAQ-8 13.2 27.0 3.2 26.9 23.7

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

During the monitoring period the 98th percentile value of CO varies between 0.47 mg/m3
at Voyalur and 1.04 mg/m3 at Ennore Village. The concentration of CO was found to be
well below the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Table 3.10: Carbon monoxide (CO) in mg/m3

Location Code Min Max STD. DEV. 98th % tile AVERAGE
AAQ-1 0.29 0.49 0.05 0.48 0.43
AAQ-2 0.36 0.80 0.11 0.79 0.60
AAQ-3 0.38 0.54 0.04 0.51 0.44
AAQ-4 0.41 0.97 0.14 0.92 0.66

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AAQ-5 0.37 0.56 0.04 0.52 0.43

AAQ-6 0.34 0.68 0.08 0.64 0.49
AAQ-7 0.32 0.49 0.04 0.47 0.39
AAQ-8 0.34 1.06 0.17 1.04 0.34

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s):

Total Hydrocarbon
The Hydrocarbon level were observed to be below detection limit (BDL <0.5 mg/m3).

Benzene
Benzene sample were collected in tedlar bags. The benzene level were observed to be
below detection limit (BDL <5 g/m3).

Table 3.11: Consolidated Values of AAQ (98th percentile)

98th Percentile Values in µg/m3 except for CO & Hydrocarbon in mg/m3
Code PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO Benzene HC
AAQ-1 59.2 27.3 10.8 18.2 0.48 <5 <0.5
AAQ-2 61.6 29.5 14.6 23.5 0.79 <5 <0.5
AAQ-3 58.3 26.7 10.6 21.0 0.51 <5 <0.5
AAQ-4 78.7 39.5 15.7 26.6 0.92 <5 <0.5
AAQ-5 58.6 28.7 10.5 18.6 0.52 <5 <0.5
AAQ-6 73.5 32.9 10.9 21.9 0.64 <5 <0.5
AAQ-7 57.8 28.0 9.8 17.7 0.47 <5 <0.5
AAQ-8 75.8 37.6 14.9 26.9 1.04 <5 <0.5

Note: 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable shall be

complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may exceed the limits
but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.

3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Major Sources of Noise in the Study Area

The vehicular movement on nearby roads is one of the major sources of noise, which
significantly increases ambient noise levels.

Ambient Noise Monitoring- Methodology and Monitoring Stations

In the present study, sound pressure levels (SPL) have been measured by a sound
Level Meter (Model: Lutron SL-4033). Since loudness of sound is important for its effects
on people, the dependence of loudness upon frequency must be taken into account in
environmental noise assessment.

A total of Eight (8) locations in the study area have been selected for measurement of
ambient noise levels for Ennore LNG Terminal project.

These locations are presented in Table 3.12. Ambient Noise standards (CPCB) are
presented in Table 3.13.

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Table 3.12: Ambient Noise Monitoring Stations

Direction Distance
Sampling Latitude / from from
Code
Location Longitude project Project
site Site
13°16'43.06"N
Minjur N-1 W 7.8 km
80°15'42.49"E
13°12'20.17"N
Manali N-2 S 9.5 km
80°16'42.09"E
13°13'55.40"N
Vallur N-3 SW 8.5 km
80°16'29.09"E
13°15'4.82"N
Athipattu N-4 S 5.0 km
80°18'18.79"E
13°13'10.30"N
Vichoor N-5 SW 9.6 km
80°16'7.15"E
13°15'43.55"N
Nandiampakkam N-6 SW 5.5 km
80°17'13.10"E
13°18'58.76"N
Voyalur N-7 NW 6.5 km
80°16'44.70"E
13°13'3.82"N
Ennore Village N-8 S 7.5 km
80°19'10.42"E

Figure 3.6: Map showing Noise monitoring locations in study area of 10 km radius

At each location, noise monitoring has been carried out twice in a month manner for the
entire study period. To obtain the Leq values a uniform time intervals of 1 hour have
maintained. For each location, day and night time Leq values have then been computed
from the hourly Leq values such that comparison could be made with the national
ambient noise standards. Day time Leq has been computed from the hourly Leq values

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between 6.00 a.m. - 10.00 p.m. and night time Leq from the hourly Leq values between
10.00 p.m. - 6.00 a.m.
Table 3.13: Ambient Noise Standards
Limits in dB (A) Leq*
Type of Area
Day Time Night Time
Industrial Area 75 70
Commercial Area 65 55
Residential Area 55 45
Silence Zone 50 40

*-dB (A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level sound in decibels on scale
A which is relatable to human hearing.

Source: Pollution Control Acts, Rule and Notifications issued there under, by Pollution
Control Law Series: PCLS/02/2006 (Fifth Edition) of Central Pollution Control Board,
January 2006, pp 926 Day and Night time shall mean from 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and
10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. respectively.

Figure3.7: Site Photographs of Noise level monitoring during Study Period

Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area

The hourly recorded noise level at various locations in the study area shows fluctuations
because of change in traffic movement and other man made sources. The equivalent
values of noise levels are 49.4 dB to 58.6 dB (A) during daytime and 36.1 dB to 41.0 dB
(A) during night time in the month of March, 2022 which are within the prescribed norms
of CPCB.
Table 3.14: Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area march 2022
Day Night
Location Noise Location
L Max L Min L eq L Max L Min L eq
Minjur 53.6 41.7 49.8 37.9 33.9 36.1
ENNORE LNG
Manli 55.6 43.1 51.4 40.2 33.1 37.4
TERMINAL
Vallur 54.5 41.4 50.2 39.2 33.9 36.9

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Day Night
Location Noise Location
L Max L Min L eq L Max L Min L eq
Athipattu 65.5 45.2 58.6 43.2 36.2 41.0
Vichoor 53.1 41.5 49.4 38.2 35.8 36.8
Nandiampakkam 57.8 42.2 53.7 43.2 34.8 39.4
Vayalur 56.8 43.1 53.0 41.3 34.5 37.8
Ennore 57.3 43.2 52.8 40.4 35.6 39.0

3.3.1 TRAFFIC
To study the traffic levels four monitoring stations were selected. The average traffic
levels over the study period at all the four stations are calculated in terms of PCU and
are given in Table - 3.15.

Value of PCU:
Table 3.15: Average traffic data (PCU)
Car 1.0
Motorcycle 0.5
Bicycle 0.2
LCV 2.2
Bus, Truck 3.5
3 wheeler 0.8

The detailed traffic data from March 2022 are given in Table 3.16.

Table 3.16: Study Period: March to June 2022

2-
Location Code Locations HMV LMV Total
Wheeler
T1 Minjur 416 314 418 1148
T2 Manali 295 262 318 875
T3 Vallur 152 216 252 620
ENNORE LNG T4 Athipattu 274 195 418 887
TERMINAL T5 Vichoor 190 432 302 924
T6 Nandiampakkam 480 288 492 1260
T7 Voyalur 228 456 420 1104
T8 Ennore Village 318 510 505 1333

3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Sampling Locations
To assess the present water quality within the Impact Zone (10 km radius from the
project site), Six ground and Six surface Water Sampling locations (each) have been
selected. The water quality sampling locations are given in Table 3.17.

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Table 3.17: Water Sampling Locations

Sampling
Location Water Sampling Location Source Direction Distance
Code
Ground Water Sampling Location
GW1 Ennore Handpump S 8.2 km
GW2 Voyalur Borewell NW 4.5 km
GW3 Vallur Borewell SW 7.5 km
GW4 Manali Borewell S 9.3 km
GW5 Athipattu Borewell S 4.5 km
GW6 Minjur Borewell W 5.7 km
ENNORE LNG Surface Water Sampling Location
TERMINAL SW1 Ennore River S 7.2 km
SW2 Manali Pond S 11.2 Km
Kosasthalaiyar River Near
SW3 River - 1 km
Project Site
Sea Water Near Ennore
SW4 Sea Water SE 1.5 km
Plant
SW5 Voyalur Pond NW 6.5 km
SW6 Minjur Pond W 8.2 Km

Table 3.18 : Methods of Analysis of Water Samples

Detection Instrument Instruments

S. No. Parameters IS Method
limit Method Used
1 pH value at 250C 1 pH meter pH electrode IS 3025 (part-11)
0
2 Temperature 1C Tracer Thermometer APHA, page 25-26
Nephelometric
3 Turbidity 1NTU Turbidity meter IS 3025 (part-10)
method
Visual Visual
4 Color 1 Visual
Comparison Comparison
Total Suspended Filtration &
5 1 Balance IS 3025 (part-17)
Solids Evaporation
Evaporation
6 Total Dissolved Solids 1 Balance IS 3025 (part-16)
method
7 T. Alkalinity as CaCO3 2 Titration Method Burettes IS 3025 (part-23)
Total Hardness as EDTA Titrimetric
8 2 Burettes IS 3025 (part-21)
CaCO3 method
Flame
Flame
9 Sodium as Na 0.1 Photometric IS 3025 (part-45)
Photometer
Method
Flame
Flame
10 Potassium as K 0.1 Photometric IS 3025 (part-45)
Photometer
Method
AgNO3
11 Chloride as Cl 1 Burettes IS 3025 (part-32)
Titrimetric

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Detection Instrument Instruments

S. No. Parameters IS Method
limit Method Used
method
Spectrophotome
12 Sulphate as SO4 1 Turbidity Method IS 3025 (part-24)
ter
U.V.Spectrophoto Spectrophotome
13 Nitrate as NO3 0.1 IS 3025 (part-34)
metric ter
Stannous
Spectrophotome
14 Total Phosphate (PO4) 0.03 chloride IS 3025 (part-31)
ter
colorimetric
Stannous
Spectrophotome
15 Phosphorous (P) 0.03 chloride IS 3025 (part-31)
ter
colorimetric
U.V.Spectrophoto Spectrophotome
16 Total Nitrogen (as N) 0.05 IS 3025 (part-34)
metric ter
Spectrophotome
17 Fluoride as F 0.1 SPADNS method IS 3025 (part-60)
ter
Calcium Hardness as EDTA Titrimetric
18 2 Burettes IS 3025 (part-21)
CaCO3 method
Magnesium Hardness EDTA Titrimetric
19 1 Burettes IS 3025 (part-21)
as CaCO3 method
20 Iron 0.05
21 Cadmium 0.01
Atomic Atomic
22 Total Chromium as Cr 0.05
Absorption Absorption
23 Copper 0.05
Spectrophotomet Spectrophotome APHA 3111 B
24 Lead 0.05
er method ter
25 Manganese 0.02
26 Zinc 0.01
27 Nickel 0.05
28 Dissolved Oxygen 0.1 Winkler's method Burettes IS 3025 (part-38)
Chemical Oxygen Open reflux
29 4 COD digester IS 3025 (part-58)
Demand method
Biochemical Oxygen Dilution & DO by
30 1 BOD Bottles IS 3025 (part-44)
Demand Winkler's
Filtration
31 Total Coliforms - Filtration IS 15185
Assembly
32 Feacal Coliform 2 MPN Method Incubators IS 1622

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Figure-3.8: Ground Water Sampling Locations Map – LNG Terminal Ennore

Figure-3.9: Surface Water Sampling Locations Map – LNG Terminal Ennore

Sampling and Analysis Methodology & Sampling Period

The water samples have been collected during the month of March 2022. All the
basic precautions were taken care to avoid any contamination during the sampling.

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Analysis of the samples was carried out as per established standard methods and
procedures prescribed by relevant IS Codes and APHA 23rd edition.

Figure-3.10: Ground Water Sampling Site Photographs During Study Period

Ground Water Quality

Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources within 10 km
radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate
anticipated impact of the project. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation
of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest
appropriate mitigation measures for implementation. The purpose of this study is to:

 Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

 Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational
resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and
 Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.

The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary
sources.

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Table 3.19: Ground Water Quality – Ennore LNG Terminal

IS 10500:2012 Amnd 4
S.
Parameters Unit Ennore Voyalur Vallur Acceptable Permissible
No.
Limits Limits
No
1 pH value at 250C -- 8.02 7.32 6.95 6.5-8.5
Relaxation
0 Not
2 Temperature C 26.1 25.7 24.9 Not Specified
Specified
3 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 1 5
4 Color Hazen <5 <5 <5 5 15
Agreeabl
5 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
e
Agreeabl
6 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
e
Total Suspended Not
7 mg/l <1 <1 <1 Not Specified
Solids Specified
Not
8 Conductivity µS/cm 2018 2596 2432 Not Specified
Specified
9 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1225 1540 1450 500 2000
10 T. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 304 442 314 200 600
Total Hardness as
11 mg/l 458 548 582 200 600
CaCO3
12 Calcium as Ca mg/l 104 132 143 75 200
13 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 48.2 53.1 54.7 30 100
Not
14 Sodium as Na mg/l 268 388 344 Not Specified
Specified
Not
15 Potassium as K mg/l 26 37 29 Not Specified
Specified
16 Chloride as Cl mg/l 462 584 586 250 1000
17 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 108 162 212 200 400
No
18 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 13 11 14 45
Relaxation
Not
19 Total Phosphate (PO4) mg/l 0.18 <0.03 <0.03 Not Specified
Specified
Not
20 Phosphorous (P) mg/l 0.06 <0.03 <0.03 Not Specified
Specified
Not
21 Total Nitrogen (as N) mg/l 2.9 2.5 3.2 Not Specified
Specified
22 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.5 0.6 0.7 1 1.5
Calcium Hardness as Not
23 mg/l 260 330 357.5 Not Specified
CaCO3 Specified
Magnesium Hardness Not
24 mg/l 198 218 224.5 Not Specified
as CaCO3 Specified
No
25 Iron mg/l 0.23 0.13 0.18 1.0
Relaxation

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IS 10500:2012 Amnd 4
S.
Parameters Unit Ennore Voyalur Vallur Acceptable Permissible
No.
Limits Limits
No
26 Cadmium mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.003
Relaxation
No
27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05
Relaxation
28 Copper mg/l <0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.05 1.5
No
29 Lead mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01
Relaxation
30 Manganese mg/l 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.1 0.3
31 Zinc mg/l 0.06 0.13 0.13 5 15
No
32 Nickel mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02
Relaxation
Not
33 Disslolved Oxygen mg/l 6.7 7.1 7.1 Not Specified
Specified
Chemical Oxygen Not
34 mg/l <4 <4 <4 Not Specified
Demand Specified
Biochemical Oxygen Not
35 mg/l <2 <2 <2 Not Specified
Demand Specified
Should Not Detectable in
36 Total Coliforms Per 100ml Absent Absent Absent
100 ml
MPN/100 Should Not Detectable in
37 Feacal Coliform ND (< 2) ND(< 2) ND(< 2)
ml 100 ml

IS 10500:2012 Amnd4
S.
Parameters Unit Manali Athipattu Minjur Acceptable Permissible
No.
Limits Limits
No
1 pH value at 250C -- 7.07 6.72 6.68 6.5-8.5
Relaxation
0 Not
2 Temperature C 26.1 25.9 26.8 Not Specified
Specified
3 Turbidity NTU 3 <1 <1 1 5
4 Color Hazen <5 <5 <5 5 15
Agreeabl Agreeabl
5 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
e e
Agreeabl Agreeabl
6 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
e e
Not
7 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 4 <1 <1 Not Specified
Specified
Not
8 Conductivity µS/cm 5862 2612 3406 Not Specified
Specified
9 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 3560 1574 2016 500 2000
10 T. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 462 396 580 200 600

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IS 10500:2012 Amnd4
S.
Parameters Unit Manali Athipattu Minjur Acceptable Permissible
No.
Limits Limits
Total Hardness as
11 mg/l 846 526 672 200 600
CaCO3
12 Calcium as Ca mg/l 216 128 162 75 200
13 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 74.6 50.2 65.1 30 100
Not
14 Sodium as Na mg/l 942 412 508 Not Specified
Specified
Not
15 Potassium as K mg/l 74 32 45 Not Specified
Specified
16 Chloride as Cl mg/l 1605 612 765 250 1000
17 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 246 186 158 200 400
No
18 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 21 16 18 45
Relaxation
Not
19 Total Phosphate (PO4) mg/l 0.18 <0.03 0.12 Not Specified
Specified
Not
20 Phosphorous (P) mg/l 0.06 <0.03 0.04 Not Specified
Specified
Not
21 Total Nitrogen (as N) mg/l 4.7 3.6 4.1 Not Specified
Specified
22 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.8 0.6 0.6 1 1.5
Calcium Hardness as Not
23 mg/l 540 320 405 Not Specified
CaCO3 Specified
Magnesium Hardness Not
24 mg/l 306 206 267 Not Specified
as CaCO3 Specified
No
25 Iron mg/l 0.39 0.16 0.22 1.0
Relaxation
No
26 Cadmium mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.003
Relaxation
No
27 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05
Relaxation
28 Copper mg/l 0.04 <0.01 <0.01 0.05 1.5
No
29 Lead mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01
Relaxation
30 Manganese mg/l 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.1 0.3
31 Zinc mg/l 0.09 0.08 0.11 5 15
No
32 Nickel mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02
Relaxation
Not
33 Disslolved Oxygen mg/l 6.9 6.8 7.2 Not Specified
Specified
Chemical Oxygen Not
34 mg/l <4 <4 <4 Not Specified
Demand Specified
Biochemical Oxygen Not
35 mg/l <2 <2 <2 Not Specified
Demand Specified

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IS 10500:2012 Amnd4
S.
Parameters Unit Manali Athipattu Minjur Acceptable Permissible
No.
Limits Limits
Per Should Not Detectable in
36 Total Coliforms Absent Absent Absent
100ml 100 ml
MPN/100 Should Not Detectable in
37 Feacal Coliform ND(< 2) ND(< 2) ND(< 2)
ml 100 ml

The pH of the ground water samples varying from 6.68 to 8.02, which is well within the IS
10500 limits 6.5 to 8.5.

Total dissolve solids (TDS) were found in the range of 1225 mg/l to 3560 mg/l. TDS of water
samples collected at Minjur and Manali were found to be exceeding IS 10500 desirable limit
500 mg/l& permissible value of 2000mg/l.

Hardness concentration was ranging from 458 to 846 mg/l, Hardness of water samples
collected at Minjur and Manali were found to be exceeding the IS 10500 permissible limit
600 mg/l.

Chloride concentration were found in the range of 462 to 1605 mg/l. Chloride of water
samples collected at Manali were found to be exceeding the IS 10500 desirable limit 250
mg/l& permission limit 1000 mg/l.

Sulphates concentration was found to be range of 108 to 246 mg/l. which is indicating that in
all the ground water samples Sulphate concentration is not exceeding the IS 10500
desirable limit 200 mg/l.

From the above tables, Parameters as pH, Heavy Metals and MPN Coliform were found well
within permissible limits as per Indian standards 10500:2012.

Surface Water Quality

Table 3.20: Water Quality Criteria as per CPCB
Total Biochemical Free
Class Dissolved
Designated- Coliforms, Oxygen Ammonia EC Boron
of Oxygen, SAR
Best-Use pH MPN/100 Demand, (as N) µmhos/cm mg/l
Water mg/l
ml mg/l mg/l
Drinking
WaterSource
without 6.5
6mg/l or
conventional A and 50 or Less 2mg/l or less - - - -
more
treatment 8.5
but after
disinfection
Outdoor 6.5
5mg/l or
bathing B and 500 or less 3mg/l or less - - - -
more
(Organised) 8.5

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Total Biochemical Free

Class Dissolved
Designated- Coliforms, Oxygen Ammonia EC Boron
of Oxygen, SAR
Best-Use pH MPN/100 Demand, (as N) µmhos/cm mg/l
Water mg/l
ml mg/l mg/l
Drinking
water source
after
6 to 5000 or 4mg/l or
conventional C 3mg/l or less - - - -
9 less more
treatment
and
disinfection

Propagation
6.5
of Wild life 4mg/l or 1.2 mg/l
D to - - - - -
and more or less
8.5
Fisheries

Irrigation,
Industrial
6.0
Cooling, Max. Max.
E to - - - - Max.2250
Controlled 26 2mg/l
8.5
Waste
disposal
Below-
Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria
E

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Figure-3.11: Surface Water Sampling Site Photographs during Study Period

Table 3.21: Surface Water Quality at Ennore LNG Terminal

Korttalai
River
S. Sea
Parameters Unit Minjur Manali Voyalur Ennore Near
No. Water
Project
Site
1 pH -- 6.62 7.43 6.95 6.79 7.26 7.05
0
2 Temperature C 26.4 25.3 24.3 25.1 23.9 25.2
3 Turbidity NTU 5 14 6 6 4 7
4 Color Hazen <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
5 Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
6 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Salty
Total Suspended
7 mg/l 21 32 27 17 14 10
Solids
Total Dissolved
8 mg/l 567 598 1097 1208 524 222542
Solids
T. Alkalinity as
9 mg/l 168 132 212 206 109 192
CaCO3
Total Hardness
10 mg/l 232 184 488 462 152 426
as CaCO3
11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 52 48 114 106 36 99
Magnesium as mg/l
12 24.8 15.6 49.5 48.0 15.1 43.5
Mg
13 Sodium as Na mg/l 99 129 172 220 118 81520
14 Potassium as K mg/l 17 18 24 24 14 316
15 Chloride as Cl mg/l 176 212 412 462 196 126150
16 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 44 48 84 102 36 186
17 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 12 10 16 14 9 7
Total Phosphate
18 mg/l 0.64 0.86 0.95 0.34 0.28 0.25
(PO4)
19 Phosphorous (P) mg/l 0.21 0.28 0.31 0.11 0.09 0.08
Total Nitrogen
20 mg/l 3.2 3.6 2.9 3.9 2.0 1.6
(as N)

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Korttalai
River
S. Sea
Parameters Unit Minjur Manali Voyalur Ennore Near
No. Water
Project
Site
21 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5
Calcium
22 Hardness as mg/l 130 120 285 265 90 247.5
CaCO3
Magnesium
23 Hardness as mg/l 102 64 203 197 62 178.5
CaCO3
24 Iron mg/l 0.41 0.48 0.39 0.31 0.24 0.28
25 Cadmium mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003
Total Chromium
26 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
as Cr
27 Copper mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
28 Lead mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
29 Manganese mg/l 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.07
30 Zinc mg/l 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.09
31 Nickel mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Disslolved
32 mg/l 7.0 6.9 6.4 6.7 7.2 6.6
Oxygen
Chemical Oxygen
33 mg/l 24 28 56 32 20 48
Demand
Biochemical
34 mg/l 3.4 4.7 9.4 5.1 3.2 8.2
Oxygen Demand
35 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 5.8×103 4.3×103 6.3×103 3.2×103 3.7×102 2.53×102
36 Faecal Coliform MPN/100ml 2.2×102 2.1×102 2.6×102 1.4×102 79 58

The pH of the surface water samples collected in March, 2022 is found well the tolerance
limit as per Class C with pH ranges of 6.62 to 7.43. The BOD value ranges from 3.2 mg/l to
9.4 mg/l. The Dissolved Oxygen value ranges between 6.4 mg/l to 7.2 mg/l. The Coliforms
value ranges between 3.2 x 103 to 6.3 x 103 MPN/100 ml.

3.5 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

Assessment of soil quality is an important aspect with reference to tree plantations,

percolation of water, groundwater impact, etc. The soil quality of the study area has been
assessed by collecting Eight samples at different locations have been collected for Ennore
LNG Terminal.

Field Study and Sampling Locations

For studying soil quality, sampling location was selected to assess the existing soil
conditions in and around the project area representing various land use conditions. The
sample was collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to 30-cm depth.Two locations
is being selected for soil sampling on the basis of soil types, vegetative cover, residential
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activities including infrastructure facilities, which would accord an overall idea of the soil
characteristics. Soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm. The
samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The sealed samples were
sent to laboratory for analysis. Details of soil sampling locations are presented in Table 3.22.

Figure-3.12: Soil Sampling Locations Map – LNG Terminal Ennore

Table 3.22: Soil Sampling Locations

Site S. No. Location Code Direction
1 Minjur S-1 W
2 Manali S-2 S
3 Vallur S-3 SW
4 Athipattu S-4 S
Ennore LNG
5 Near Project Site S-5 SW
Terminal
6 Nandiampakkam S-6 SW
7 Voyalur S-7 NW
8 Ennore Village S-8 S

Sampling Frequency and Analysis Methodology

The samples of Soil were collected in the month of March to May, 2022 in the study
period. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soil of the study area have
been assessed by analyzing various parameters as per the methods described in
“Soil Chemical Analysis” (M.L.Jackson) and Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation. Standard classification of Soil as per As per ISO: Soil Compendium in
Table 3.23. Total samples are collected from study area to understand the Physico-
chemical and biological status of the existing soil in the region. This will establish the
baseline characteristics of the region and shall facilitate in identifying the
contamination (if any) due to the proposed project.

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Selection of site
 A visual survey of the field is made in slope, texture, and cropping pattern.
 The collection site is demarcated into uniform portions, each of which sampled
separately.
 Details of vegetation cover and of chemical and biological additions or accidental
contamination are recorded.
 Sampling is made during normal environmental conditions.

Collection
 Surface layer is scrapped to avoid surface vegetation, litter, visible roots and
soil fauna.
 The samples are designated according to the sampling area, unit and
horizons.
 A sample hole at a depth of 15cm is dug to collect 2kg of soil for physico-
chemical analyses.

Transportation conditions
 Soil is packed in a dark polythene bags for transportation to avoid changes in
water content.

Sample processing
 Samples are dried in hot air cabinet (at 800C).
 After drying, soils are sieved through 2mm size sieve to remove pebbles,
gravels, stones and plant debris.
 Then the soil is crushed to fine particles for further analyses.

Storage of samples
 If further storage is required, then the samples are kept at dark at 40C ± 20C
with free access of air or in a loosely tied plastic bag.

Table 3.23 Soil Concentration and Assessment of Soil Fertility

Parameter Units Concentration Level
Up to 1.00 Average
Electrical
(uS/cm) 1.00-2.00 Harmful to germination
conductivity
2.01-3.00 Harmful to Crops
Upto 1.00 Average
Salinity
(mmhos/cm) 1.00 – 2.00 Harmful to germination
Electrical
(1mmho/cm = 640 ppm) Harmful to Crops
conductivity 2.01 – 3.00
(Sensitive to salts)
<4.5 Very low
4.5 – 6.0 Low (Acidic)
pH -- 6.0 – 7.0 Moderate (Normal)
7.0 – 8.3 High (Weakly alkaline)
>8.3 Very High (Alkaline)
Nitrogen (N) (kg/ha) <100 Low

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Parameter Units Concentration Level

>100-150 Good
>150-300 Better
00-20 Low
Phosphorus
(kg/ha) >20-50 Medium
(P2O5)
>50-80 High
00-150 Low
Potassium (K2O) (kg/ha) 151-300 Medium
>300 High
<0.4 Low
0.4-0.5 Medium
Organic Carbon (%)
0.51-0.8 Average
2 Preferred
Ca:Mg ratio (meq/100g) 3 Preferred
Source: As per ISO: Soil Compendium

Soil Characteristics

Figure-3.13: Soil Texture Diagram of the Study Area

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Figure-3.14: Site Photographs of Sampling of Soil during Study Period

The soil characteristics of the area are given in Table 3.24 below.

Table 3.24: Soil Characteristic at Ennore LNG Terminal

S.No Parameter Unit S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8
Sandy
Sandy Silt Sandy Sandy Sandy
1 Texture - Loam Clay Loam
Loam Loam Loam Loam Loam
Loam
2 Sand % 60.1 38.6 68.4 50.6 63.4 57.1 56.1 51.4
3 Silt % 25.3 51.1 12.3 41.2 21.8 22.3 28.6 32.4
4 Clay % 14.6 10.3 19.3 8.2 14.8 20.6 15.3 16.2
5 pH (1:2.5) - 7.11 7.25 7.64 6.59 7.51 6.29 7.37 6.85
Electrical
6 Conductivity µS/cm 711 642 504 817 656 562 608 612
(1:2)
Sodium
7 mg/kg 3.73 2.96 1.74 4.16 3.34 2.08 2.54 2.62
Absorption Ratio
8 Porosity % 42.7 48.8 41.5 46.5 41.9 44.2 47.7 45.8
9 Organic Matter % 0.93 0.51 0.96 0.74 0.79 0.81 0.84 0.69
10 Bulk Density g/cc 1.49 1.33 1.52 1.39 1.51 1.45 1.36 1.41
11 Specific Gravity g/cc 1.49 1.33 1.52 1.39 1.51 1.45 1.36 1.41
Available Nutrients:
12 Nitrogen as N kg/ha 296 196 304 244 317 286 278 262
Phosphorus
13 kg/ha 15.1 9.6 12.4 10.2 13.1 13.4 12.8 9.8
(Olsen‟s) as P
14 Potassium as K kg/ha 162 108 256 142 228 212 184 112

The summary of the findings on soil quality collected during March to May, 2022 is given
below:

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Results and discussion

The results are given in Tables 3.24 and the standard for soil analysis is presented in Table
3.23. The pH of the soil extract varied from 6.29 to 7.64. In terms of soil pH the soil
characteristics varied from moderately alkaline in nature. The EC varied from 504 to 817
uS/cm. Nitrogen values ranged between 196 kg/ha to 317 kg/ha. Nitrogen in the soil is
better.The Phosphorus levels ranged between 9.6 to 15.1 kg/ha indicating its presence from
low to medium. Soil potassium varied from 108 to 256 kg/ha indicating its presence from low
to moderate.

The texture of the soil at Ennore LNG Terminal is mostly Sandy Loam. Soil particle size
directly involves in deciding soil texture, porosity and infiltration capacity. The soil texture
map is shown in Figure 3.13.

3.6 Socio-Economic Environment

3.6.1 Demography and Socio-Economics

The study of socio- economic components of environment incorporates variousfeatures viz.,
demographic structure, availability of basic amenities such as housing,education, medical
facilities, drinking water facilities, post, telegraph and telephonefacilities, communication
facilities, recreational, cultural facilities, approach to villages etc. The study of these
parameters helps in identifying, predicting andevaluating the likely impacts due to the
proposed project activity in that region.The study area lies within the Tiruvallur District. The
District spreads over an area of about 3422 Sq.kms.

Figure-3.15: Tiruvallur District Map

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Table 3.25: Administrative Division of District

S.No. Division Tiruvallur
1. Revenue 4
2. Taluka 9
3. Blocks 14
4. Municipalities 5
5. Reveneue 820

Table 3.26: Habitation found within the Study Area

Habitation
Ariyalur Kalpakkam
Arumandai Karungali
Attipattu Kattoor
Attipattu Padunagar Kattupalli
Devadanam Kasapur
Edayanchavadi Manali
Elandancheri Minjur
Ennore Nayur
Kadapakkam Nappalayam
Kalanji Kalpakkam
Karungali Seemapuram
Kattoor Somanjeri
Kattupalli Talanguppam
Kosapur Thangalperumbakkam
Manali Thathamanji
Minjur Tondiarpet
nayur Vannipakkam
Nappalayam Vichoor

The information on socio-economic aspects of the study area has been collected from
various secondary sources, which include public offices, semi government and government
offices. The proposed project study area falls under Thiruvallur District, Tamilnadu.

All developmental activities will have impact on the socio-economic conditions of the
population in the region and on the quality of life. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment helps
to get an idea of changes on social, economic and cultural status. Baseline data for
Occupational status and Health amenities existing in the study area has been collected by
personal interaction with the villagers in the study area and also from secondary sources
such as census/statistics, data etc.

3.6.2 Objective

Any developmental activity will have impact on the socio-economic conditions of the
population in the region and on the quality of life. Socio-Economic Impact Assessment helps
to get an idea of changes on social, economic and cultural status. Keeping in view the

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commitment of the organization towards social responsibility as well as to honor the

sentiments and developmental needs of the local population, sample survey was done to
collect qualitative information about the socio economic environment of the area.

3.6.3 Approach
In order to prepare a comprehensive report, few villages were visited for conducting sample
village survey containing questions about all socio-economic aspects, including questions on
the aspirations and requirements of the people for a better living. The village schedule was
filled in order to capture the overall condition of the village with respect to population, human
settlement, male/female ratio, literacy, occupational pattern (total workers, marginal workers,
non-workers), Infrastructure resource base, viz. medical, educational, water resource, power
supply, transport, police station, fire station etc..

3.6.4 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes review of published secondary data;
The district census statistics of 2011, Thiruvallur district of Tamilnadu states for the
parameters of demography, occupational structure of people within the study area of 10-km
radial distance from the periphery of the proposed project site. The salient features of the
demographic and socio-economic aspects are described in the following sections.

3.6.5 Average Household Size

The study area had an average family size of 3.8 persons per household in 2011. This is
moderate family size and is in comparison with the other parts of the district.

3.6.6. Population Density

The density of population of Tiruvallur district works out to about 1089 persons per sq. km.

3.6.7. Sex Ratio

As per District wise Census 2011, the total population of Tiruvallur District is 37,28,104, out
of which 18,76,062 are male and 18,52,042 are female. The configuration of male and
female indicates that the males constitute to about 50.32% and 49.68% females of the total
population. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males indirectly reveals certain
sociological aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among female children and
single person family structure, a resultant of migration of industrial workers. The study area
on an average has 986 females per 1000 males.

3.6.8 Social Structure

In the study area about 1.26% population belong to Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 22.04%
Scheduled Castes (SC) indicating that about 23.31% of the population in the study area belongs
to socially weaker sections.

3.6.9 Literacy Levels

As per 2011 census data. The Total Literate Population of Tiruvallur District is 27, 91, 721
showing average literacy level is 84.03 %. Out of this total population 14,95,711 are male and
12,96,010 are female showing male literacy 89.69%.

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3.6.10 POPULATION DETAILS:

Table 3.27: Population Details

Name Kattu Attipattu Nandiam Edayanc Vichoor Vallur Manali Minjur Total
apli bakkam havadi
Number of
534 2762 1511 3142 1437 2993 9331 7048 28758
Households
Total
1911 11034 6268 12119 5765 11935 35248 28337 112617
Population
Total Male
1096 5623 3156 6042 2868 6089 17911 14168 56953

Total Female
815 5411 3112 6077 2897 5846 17337 14169 55664

Population 0-6
201 1257 719 1151 600 1309 4208 2960 12405

Population SC
856 4505 2048 1402 2925 7803 8224 9374 37137

Population ST
46 299 549 5 9 29 32 58 1027

Popultation
Literate 1196 8205 4817 9340 4107 9101 26268 22301 85335

Male Literate
784 4454 2542 4969 2211 5040 14133 11813 45946

Female Literate
412 3751 2275 4371 1896 4061 12135 10488 39389

Population
Illiterates 715 2829 1451 2779 1658 2834 8980 6036 27282

Source: Primary census abstract 2011 & district census handbook of Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu.

3.6.11 Employment Pattern

In the census records 2011 employment pattern is distributed in 3 major parts main workers
and marginal workers

Main workers: Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period
(i.e 6 month or more) are termed as Main worker. As per 2011 census records altogether the
main workers are 35125 which works out to be 31% of the total population

Main workers employment pattern

There are 4 types of main worker employment pattern (Cultivators, agricultural workers,
household industry workers and other workers). Out of total main workers, cultivators were
1%, agricultural workers were 1%, household industry workers were 2% and other
population were 96%.

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Marginal Workers: Those workers who have not worked for the major point of the reference
period (i.e less than 6 month) are termed as marginal workers. The marginal workers are
7537 which constitute 6.6%.of the total population.

Non Workers: Those who have not engaged in any economical activities called as non
workers. Non workers in the study area were 69928 i.e. non workers constitute 62% of the
total population. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are
the predominant population.

The occupational structure of the study area is given in Table 3.28.

Table 3.28: Employment Pattern

Name Total Workers Main Workers Marginal Non Workers
Workers
Athipattu 4072 3397 675 6962
Edayanchavadi 4219 3495 724 7900
Kattupalli 864 773 91 1047
Vichoor 2391 1781 610 3347
Nandiambakkam 2362 1899 463 3906
Vallur 4617 3662 955 7318
Manali 12745 11494 1251 22503
Minjur 11392 8624 2768 16945
Total 42,662 35,125 7,537 69,928
Source: Primary census abstract 2011 & district census handbook of Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu

EMPLOYMENT PATTERN
Main workers marginal workers non workers

31%

62%
7%

3.6.12Dependency Ratio
Based on the occupational structure of the study area the dependency rate of non-workers
on the workers category has been estimated at 1.64. Hence some economic generating
activities should be developed so that most of the persons can engage in employment
opportunities.

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3.6.13 Infrastructure Facilities

Table 3.29: Infrastructure Facilities

Govt pre- Primary school 11 Primary Health Centre 4

Private Pre- Primary school 3 Primary Health sub centre 10
Govt Primary School 12 Maternity and Child welfare centre 4
Private Primary School 2 TB Clinic 4
Govt middle school 5 Dispensary 4
Private Middle School 2 Family welfare centre 4
Govt Secondary School 2 Non Government Facility 1
Private Secondary School 2 Non Government Medical 1
Source: Primary census abstract 2011 & district census handbook of Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu

3.7 Landuse & Land Cover

Landuse landcover for 500mts of the Ennore LNG Terminal project area is provided
in below Figures 18 & table 30. The following are the observed Landuse Land cover
features in the study area with proposed unit as epicenter and 10 km radial distance
around it.
 Water Bodies : 17118.21 ha of the study area is covered with water logged areas,
streams and backwaters
 Builtup Land: 751.37 ha of the study area is waste Land with villages, Industry
and Town.
 Industrial Area: 1855.55 ha of the Study area is Industrial Area.
 Agriculture Land: 3525.93 ha of the study area is Agricultural land.
 Salt Pans: 839.77 ha of the study area is saltpans.

Table 3.30: Landuse Pattern in Hectares

Sl Landuse Area in Ha.
1 Agriculture Land 3525.93
2 Beach/ Seashore 177.42
3 Brick Mining 3.92
4 Builtup/ Settlement 751.37
5 Fallow Land 337.95
6 Industry 1855.55
7 Marshy/ Waterlogged 701.05
8 Open Area/ Barren Land 1704.76
9 Open Scrub 1310.49
10 Saltpan 839.77
Tree Cladded/ Mangrove/ Natural
11 Vegetation 1638.68
12 Waste Land/ Badland/ Abandand Salt pan 1450.41
13 Water bodies 17118.21
Total Area in Ha. 31415.51

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Figure: 3.16: land use land cover map of the project

3.8 Biological Environment

3.8.1 Flora
The Project area is devoid of officially designated forest areas. Patches of littoral
highly denuded and degraded coastal grass and scrub with occasional trees could be
seen adjoining shoreline in some sections. The, remnant littoral forests trees is
constituted of Thespesia populnea, Lannea coromandelica, Ficus religiosa, Ficus
hispida, Calophyllum inophyllum, Morinda coreia, Syzygium cumini, Pongamia
pinnata, Azadirachta indica, Borassus flabellifer, Vitex negundo, Calamus rotang and
Pandanus odoratissimus. In most areas, the natural forests are largely replaced by
casuarinas, cashew (Anacardium occidentale) and coconut plantations. Other
horticultural species including the palm (Borassus flabellifer) and a variety of fruit
trees including jack.

The details of the floral species reported in the Study Area are given in Table 3.31.

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Table-3.31: List of Floral Species Recorded from the Study Area

Botanical Name Common Name Family Habit

Sesuvium - Aizoaceae Herb
portulacastrum
Mangiferaindica Mango Anacardiaceae Tree
Anacardiumoccidentale Cashew Anacardiaceae Tree
Holigarna arnottiana Ranbibo Anacardiaceae Tree
Lanneacoromandelica Moi Anacardiceae Tree
Spondia mangifera Ambado Anacrdiaceae Tree
Ananascomosus Pineapple Annonaceae Shrub
Thevetia peruviana - Apocynaceae Shrub
Wrightiatinctoria Kalakundo Apocynaceae Tree
Hollarhena antidysentric Kudo Apocynaceae Tree
Alstonia scholarias Saton Apocynaceae Tree
Calamussp. - Arecaceae Shrub
Phoenixloureiroi - Arecaceae Shrub
Caryotaurens Billemad Arecaceae Tree
Cocosnucifera Naal Arecaceae Tree
Borassusflabellifer Toddypalm Arecaceae Tree
Calotropisgigantea Rui,Dhavirui Asclepidiaceae Shrub
Ageratumconyzoides - Asteraceae Herb
Elephantopus scaber - Asteraceae Herb
Launaea sarmentosa - Asteraceae Herb
Melanthera biflora - Asteraceae Herb
Botanical Name Local/Vernacul Family Habit
Tridax procumbens -ar Name Asteraceae Herb
Bombaxceiba Savar Bombacaceae Tree
Garunga pinnata Kakad Burseraceae Tree
Ceasalpinia crista - Caesalpiniaceae Tree
Cassia fistula Bayo Caesalpiniaceae Tree
Calaphyllus inophyllum Oondi Calophyllaceae Tree
Carica papaya Papaya Caricaceae shrub
Casuarina equisetifolia Phiramgisaro Casuarinaceae Tree
Arthrocnemum indicum - Chenopodiaceae Herb
Cyanotis axillaris - Commelinaceae Herb
Ipomea pes- caprae Maryadvel Convolvulaceae Herb
Mukia maderaspatana - Cucurbitacea Climber
Cyperus pangorei - Cyperaceae Sedge
Cyperusarenarius - Cyperaceae Sedge
Derris heterophylla - Fabaceae Shrub
Tephrosia purpurea - Fabaceae Shrub
Adenanthera pavonia Gunj Fabaceae Tree
Abrus precatorius Gunji Fabaceae Climber
Pongamia pinnata Karanji Fabaceae Tree

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Botanical Name Common Name Family Habit

Halophila beccarii - Hydrocharitaceae Herb
Hyptis suaveolens - Lamiaceae Herb
Leucas aspera Tumbo Lamiaceae Herb
Careya arborea Kumbiyo Lecethidaceae Tree
Justiciasimplex - Malvaceae Herb
Sida acuta Bala, /Chikna Malvaceae Herb
Hibiscus tiliaceus Belipata Malvaceae Tree
Thespecia populinea Bhendi Malvaceae Tree
Thespecia lampa Ran Bhendi Malvaceae Shrub
Melia azedarach Fernage Nimb Meliaceae Tree
Azadirachta indica Nimb Meliaceae Tree
Mimosa pudica - Mimosaceae Herb
Albizzia odoratissima Kala Siras Mimosaceae Tree
Albizzia lebbek Siras Mimosaceae Tree
Xylia xylocarpa Zamba Mimosaceae Tree
Mollugo oppositifolia - Molluginaceae Herb
Ficus religiosa Pipal Moracea Tree
Ficus bengalensis Vad Moracea Tree
Ficus arnotianna Asti Payr Moraceae Tree
Artocarpus Phanas Moraceae Tree
heterophyllus
Ficus glomerata Rumbad Moraceae Tree
Botanical Name Local/Vernacul Family Habit
Musa paradisiaca ar Name
Keli Musaceae Tree
Syzgium caryophyllatum Bhedas Myrtaceae Tree
Syzgium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae Tree
Boerhavia diffusa L. - Nyctaginaceae Herb
Nymphaea pubescens KamalSalak Nymphaeaceae Herb
Nymphaea nouchali KasturiSalak Nymphaeaceae Herb
Passiflora foetida Running pop Passifloraceae Climber
Digitaria adscendens - Poaceae Grass
Eragrostis uniloides - Poaceae Grass
Saccharum spontaneum - Poaceae Grass
Spinifex littoreus Saramto Poaceae Grass
Eichhornia crassipes - Pontederiaceae Herb
Portulaca quadrifida Bhumygol Portulacaceae Herb
Acrostichum aureum - Pteridaceae Fern
Zizuphus mauriliana Boram Rhamnaceae Shrub
Hedyotis herbacea - Rubiaceae Herb
Morinda citrifolia - Rubiaceae Tree
Adina cordifolia Hedu Rubiaceae Tree
Saraca indica Asoka Sapindaceae Tree
Manilkara hexandra Kirni Sapotaceae Tree
Mimusops elengi Onwal Sapotaceae Tree
Datura innoxia Datura Solanaceae Herb
Triumfetta rhomboidea Tupkati Tiliaceae Herb

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Botanical Name Common Name Family Habit

Holoptelia integrifolia Vavalo Ulmaceae Tree
Phyla nudiflora - Verbenaceae Herb
Vitex altissima Bavalgi Verbenaceae Shrub
Vitex negundo Limgud Verbenaceae Shrub
Gmelina arborea Shivan Verbenaceae Tree
Clerodendron inermi Siritmari Verbenaceae Shrub

3.8.2 Fauna

The terrestrial as well as the aquatic habitats of the Project area are highly modified
man made habitats with only few patches of degraded natural habitats. Wildlife in
these manmade habitats is those which are resilient to the human activities. Among
mammals only few small carnivore such as terrestrial rodents (Tatera indica), have
been reported. Among herpetofauna, water snakes (Xenocrophispiscator, Cerberus
rhyncops and Atretium schistosum), and frogs (Bufo melanostictus, Polypedates
maculatus, Hoplobatrachus crassus, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Euphlyctis
cyanophlyctis, Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Limnonectes limnocharis, Microhyl aornata,
Ramanella variegata,Kaloulataprobanica and Tomopternarolandae) have been
reported. Waterfowl (storks, herons and egrets) were the most common birds in the
backwater estuaries.

Mammals
There are almost fifty species of mammals found in the State. Among the mammals
found in the study area are common Jackal, Monkeys, Indian hare, Indian porcupine,
Wildboar and the mongoose. Flying foxes are also present in large numbers. Most of
these are found in the rural interior areas. No threatened, rare and endangered
faunal species were present in the IUCN Red List of threatened animals. The
commonly reported mammal species from the study area are given in Table-3.32.

Table-3.32: List of mammals reported from the study area

ZoologicalName English Name LocalName IUCN status
Bandicotaindica Bandicootrat Kolindar Least Concern
Canisaureaus Jackal Kolo Least Concern

Cynopterus Indianfulvousfruit Pakho Least Concern

Felischaus
brachyotis Junglecat
bat Baul, Least Concern

Funambulus Three striped palm Chani,Khar. Least Concern

Herpestesedwardsii
palmarum Commongrey
squirrel Mungoos,Munghas Least Concern
Mongoose ,
Hysterix indica Porcupine Sal,Salinder Least Concern

Lepusnigricollis BlacknappedHare Soso Least Concern

Lutralutra CommonOtter Udh, Least Concern

Macaca radiata Bonnet macaque Khete,Makod. Least Concern
Mus booduga Indianfieldmouse Undir Least Concern
Pteropusgiganteus FlyingFox Pakho Least Concern

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ZoologicalName English Name LocalName IUCN status

Rattusrattus House Rat Undir Least Concern

Sus scrofa Wild Boar Ran dukar. Least Concern

Avi-fauna

The study area has an abundant birdlife. There are some very colourful species found
in the State and among these are the three common species of kingfisher: the stork-
billed kingfisher is the largest and most distinctive, the breasted kingfisher and and the
common kingfisher are the others. Other common and brightly coloured species
include the grass-green, blue and yellow bee-eaters, the golden oriole, and the Indian
roller, Hoopes, purple sunbirds, and several kinds of bulbuls, babblers and drongos.
The exotic paradise flycatcher is fairly widespread in study area.

The snowy white cattle egret, the large egret and the little egret and herons are most
common in the paddy fields along with cows and buffaloes. The beautiful white-bellied
fish eagle, the brahminy kite and the pariah kite are birds of prey found around towns
and fishing villages. The commonly reported avi-faunal species in study area are given
in Table-3.33.

Table-3.33: List of avi-faunal species reported in study area

Scientificname Common name

Acridotheresfuscus JungleMyna
Acrocephalusaedon ThickbilledWarbler
Acrocephalusagricola PaddyfieldWarbler
Aegithina tiphia CommonIora
Scientific name Common name
Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher
Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen
Anas acuta Northern Pintail
Anas crecca Eurasian Teal
Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed
Anas querquedula Garganey
Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill
Ardea cinerea Grey Heron
Ardea purpurea Purple Heron
Ardeola grayii Indian Pond-Heron
Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret
Cacomantis passerinus Grey-bellied Cuckoo
Calandrella brachydactyla Greater Short-toed Lark
Celeus brachyyurus Rufous woodpecker
Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher
Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish plover
Charadrius dubius Little ringed plover
Chloropsis aurifrons Gold fronted chloropsis
Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Snake-Eagle

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Scientificname Common name

Columba livia Rock Pigeon
Copsychus saularis Magpie robin
Coracina mealnoptera Black headed cuckoo shrike
Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle crow
Corvus splendens House Crow
Cuculus varius Common Hawk-Cuckoo
Cyornis tickelliae Tickell‟s blue flycatcher
Cypsirus Parvus Palm Swift
Dendrocitta vagabunda Indian tree pie
Dendrocopos mahrattensis Yellow-crowned Woodpecker
Dendrocopus mahrattensis Yellow fronted pied woodpecker
Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling teal
Dicaeum agile Thick billed Flowerpecker
Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo
Dicrurus caerulescens White bellied Drongo
Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo
Dinopium benghalense Lesser golden back woodpecker
Dumetia hyperythra White throated Babbler
Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite
Eremopterix grisea Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark
Eumyias thalassina Verditer flycatcher
Fulica atra Common Coot
Gallicrex cinerea Watercock
Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen
Glareola lactea Small Pratincole
Halcyon pileata Black-capped Kingfisher
Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher
Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Fish-Eagle
Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite
Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt
Hirundo daurica Red rumped Swallow
Iole indica Yellow-browed Bulbul
Lanius schach Rufous back Shrike
Lonchura malacca Black headed Munia
Merops orientalis Little Green Bee-eater
Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate Egret
Milvus migrans Black Kite
Motacilla madaraspatensis Large Pied wagtail
Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird
Nectarinia zeylonica Purple rumped Sunbird
Oriolus xanthornus Black headed oriole
Passer domesticus House Sparrow
Pellorneum ruficeps Spotted Babbler
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Small Minivet
Ploceus philippinus Indian Baya
Prinia inornata Plain Prinia

Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia

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Scientificname Common name

Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus Red whiskered Bulbul
Rhipidura albicollis White throated fantail flycatcher
Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin
Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove
Sturnus pagodarum Brahminy Myna
Sturnus roseus Rosy Starling
Terpsihone paradisi Paradise flycatcher
Tringa cinerea Terek Sandpiper
Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper
Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank
Turdoides striatus Jungle Babbler
Upupa epops Hoopoe
Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing

Reptiles and Amphibians

The State has a large reptilian/amphibian population. This includes the ubiquitous
common house gecko, a variety of frogs and the common skink, monitor lizard,
Garden Lizard. Commonly observed reptilian fauna in the study area are given in
Table-3.34.

Table-3.34: Important reptiles found in the Study Area

S.
Scientificname Common name LocalName
No.
Snakes
1. Ahaetullanasutus Vine Snake Harvel, Haryali
2. Amphiesmastolatum Buff striped keel back Yevale.
3. Boigaforsteni Forsten‟s Cat Snake.
4. Boigatrigonata Common Indian Cat Snake.
5. Bungarus caeruleus Common Indian Krait Kaner.
6. Calliophis nigrescens Coral Snake
7. Coelognathus helena Trinket Snake

8. Dendrelaphis tristis Bronzeback tree Naneti,Nanado.

Snake
9. Enhydrinaschistosa Hook-nosed Sea snake
10. Grypotyphlops acutus Beaked worm snake Sulo

11. Lycodon aulicus Common Wolf snake Pasko

12. Macropisthodon Green keelback. Yevale
13. Naja naja
plumbicolor Indian Spectacled Nag, Parro
14. Oligodon arnensis Common
Cobra Kukri snake
15 Oligodon taeniolatus Variegated Kukri
16 Ptyas mucosa Indian
Snake Rat Snake Dhaman.
17. Ramphotyphlops Brahminy worm Telyo
18. Xenochropis
braminus piscator Checkered
snake keelback Yevale

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S.
Scientificname Common name LocalName
No.
19 Xenochropis piscator Checkered keelback Yevale
20 Calotes versicolor Indian garden lizard Sheddo
21. Chamaeleozeylanicus Indian chameleon
22. Draco dussumieri Flying lizard Pavto
23. Mabuyamacularia Bronzeskink Shirli
24. Mabuyamacularia Bronzeskink Shirli
25 Duttaphrynus Indian toad Manaki
26 Hoplobatrachus
melanostictus Indian bullfrog Bebo
27 Euphlyctis
tigerinus Indian skipper frog Bebki
28. Sphaerotheca
cyanophlyctis Indian burrowing frog Bebki
breviceps
3.8.3 Ecology and Biodiversity

Terrestrial ecology & biodiversity study pertaining to Environmental Impact

Assessment report for proposed study area was carried out in March-June 2022. The
study area has flat terrain, referred as „Coastal Plains‟ as commonly seen in east
coastal region. Based on the topography, climatic conditions, soil types, availability of
habitable area; the study area possesses different habitats like scrub land, water
bodies, agricultural fields, human settlements etc. These habitats possess different
characteristics which support typical composition of flora and fauna within them.
Study was carried out by visiting locations, taking care that all such habitats were
covered.

Listing of flora and fauna was done based on actual sighting, indirect evidences such
as calls, droppings, burrows, pugmarks and other signs etc., interviewing locals,
literature survey, data collected from forest officials and internet references. Villages
in study area are found in hamlets situated intermittently within agricultural fields.
Plantation along road side (Samania saman, Borasus Flabelifer, Peltophorum
pterocarpum, Eucalyptus etc.) around the houses (Cocos nucifera, Anona squamosa,
Moringa olifera etc.) in public gardens, along the seashore (Casuarina equisetifolia).

For the purpose of listing the species; open/waste area adjacent to human settlement
are also considered in this habitat. Livestock animals in this region are Cattle,
Buffalo, Sheep and Poultry. Faunal species like squirrel, cattle egrets, green bee
eater, kingfisher etc. were observed commonly in the study area. During study period
practice of sheep grazing in field, ploughing, sowing, applying of fertilizers etc. were
observed.

Along with Prosopis juliflora common shrubs that are found are Calotropis gigentia,
Ziziphus jujube, Acacia nilotica, Tephrosia pururia, Borasus flabelifer etc. Scrubs in
study area seem to be in anthropogenic pressure because of fire wood and disposal
of waste material and grazing. Such activities are not only thinning the vegetation
cover but also cause threat to faunal life. Commom floral species observed in water
bodies are Ipomoea aquatica, Typha, Nymphia sp., Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna etc.

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3.8.4 National Park/Sanctuary

As per Ministry of Environment & Forest Notifications and local forest notifications, there
are no wildlife /bird sanctuaries/ national parks/ biospheres in 10-km radius from plant
site.

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CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

&
MITIGATION MEASURES

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4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

In this chapter the likely impacts during construction and operation phases are identified.
Further, the impacts are assessed and evaluated considering spatial, intensity, temporal
and vulnerability scales. An overall assessment in terms of significance value is derived
by integrating all scales. Detailed methodology is given in subsequent sections.

4.1 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for assessing the potential positive and negative
environmental impacts from the proposed project is described below.

Step1: Identification of Environmental Impacts

All potential releases (emissions to air, generation of noise, effluent discharge, etc.)
from the construction & operation phases of the proposed project have been identified.
The potential positive and negative environmental impacts from these releases and
other activities of the project have been identified.

Step2: Environmental Impact Assessment

The Significance (S) of the Environmental Impacts is identified and assessed by the
following characteristics:

 Intensity (I) of the environmental impact;

 Spatial extension (Sp) of the environmental impact;
 Temporal duration (T) of the environmental impact;&
 Environmental Vulnerability (V) of the impacted area.

Determination of Impact Intensity (I):

Impact Intensity has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High):

 Emissions/generation of highly pollutant substances, emissions/generation of

high quantity of pollutant substances and/or high noise emission.
 High consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)
 Felling of large number of trees or death of fauna

M (Medium):

 Emissions/generation of moderately pollutant substances, emissions/generation

of moderate quantity of pollutant substances and/or moderately high noise
emission.
 Moderate consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel,
chemicals)
 Felling of few trees or physical damage of fauna

L (Low):

 Emissions/generation of low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of low

quantity of pollutant substances and/or low noise emission
 Low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)
 Damage to few trees or disturbance/ disorientation of fauna

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N (Negligible):

 Emissions/generation of very low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of

very low quantity of pollutant substances and/or very low noise emission.
 Very low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)
 No measurable damage to flora/fauna

Determination of Impact Spatial extension (Sp) and Spatial Criteria (Is):

Impact Spatial extension has been assessed based on the following criteria:

 H (High): the impact extends in a wide area outside the site (about 10 km or
more)
 M (Medium): the impact extends in a restricted area outside the site (< 10 km)
 L (Low): the impact extends inside the site.
 N (Negligible): the impact extends in a restricted area inside the site.

The product of Impact Intensity and Impact Spatial extension gives the impact
evaluation as per spatial criteria (Is).

Table 4.1: Matrix for Evaluating Spatial criteria

Impact evaluation as per Impact Spatial extension (Sp)

SPATIAL CRITERIA (Is)
HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H
Impact Intensity (I)

MEDIUM H M M M

LOW M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N

Determination of Impact Temporal duration (T) and Temporal Criteria (It)

Impact Temporal Duration has been assessed based on the following criteria:

 HH (Very High): the impact has an important long-term effect (> 5 years)
 H (High): the impact has an important long-term effect (1-5 years)
 M (Medium): the impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year)
 L (Low): the impact has a temporary and short-term effect (1 day – 1 week)
 N (Negligible): the impact has an immediate effect and it is solved in a very
short time.

The product of Impact Temporal duration and Spatial criteria gives the Impact
Evaluations as per Temporal Criteria (It).

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Table 4.2: Matrix for Evaluating Temporal criteria

Impact evaluation as per Impact Temporal duration (T)
TEMPORAL CRITERIA (It)
VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M L

Impact Is

LOW M M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N N

Determination of Environmental Vulnerability (V) and Significance (S)

Environmental Vulnerability has been assessed based on the following criteria:

 H (High): Particular interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point
of view. Parks, natural reserves and / or special areas of conservation.
Contaminated areas in which a further impact may generate non-compliance with
local environmental limits.
 M (Medium): Interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point of
views. Residential areas with low population density. Agricultural areas, forests,
public parks.
 L (Low): Industrial and commercial areas.

The product of Vulnerability and Temporal criteria gives the Significance of the impact.

Table 4.3: Matrix for Evaluating Significance

Impact evaluation as
per VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY (V)
CRITERIA
(SIGNIFICANCE S) HIGH MEDIUM LOW

HIGH H H M

MEDIUM H M M
Impact It

LOW M M L

NEGLIGIBLE L N N

The Impact Significance (S) levels obtained from the above-matrix are defined as
follows:

 H (High): Causes severe and acute effects to receptors, severe and irreversible
deterioration of the quality of environment, and irreversible modification of landscape
or of ecological equilibrium.
 M (Medium): Causes moderate effects to receptors, reversible deterioration of the
quality of environment, and reversible modifications of landscape or ecological
equilibrium.

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 L (Low): Causes limited effects to receptors, quickly reversible deterioration of the

quality of environment, and slight and reversible modification of landscape or
ecological equilibrium.
 N (Negligible): Causes negligible or no effects to receptors, slight and reversible
deterioration of quality of the environment, no measurable changes at landscape or
ecological level.

The assessment has been carried out for each of the potential environmental impacts
during both construction and operation, and has been discussed in this chapter.

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project on various

environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land,
socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix (Table 4.4).

Table 4.4: Impact Identification Matrix

Physical Biological Socio-
economic

drainage, soil)
Activities

topography &

Infrastructur
surface water
Ambient air

Livelihood &
occupation
Land (land
(quantity /

Ambient
Ground /
quality

quality)

Fauna
noise

Flora
use,

e
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Site preparation
* * * * * *
Civil works
* * *
Heavy equipment
operations * *
Disposal of construction
wastes * * *
Generation/disposal of
sewerage * *
Transportation of materials
* *
OPERATION PHASE
Commissioning of Process
units, utilities and offsite * * *
Product handling and
storage *
Emissions &Waste
management – Air, liquid
and solid waste
* * *
4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Construction activities are anticipated to take place over a period of 36 months (3
years) from Zero date of Construction including mechanical completion,
Commissioning and production ramp-up leading to 100% capacity utilization.
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Potential emissions sources during construction phase include the following:

 Site preparation and civil works

 Storage and handling of construction material (e,g. sand, cement) at proposed
project site.
 Movement of vehicles carrying equipment, construction material and project-
related personnel

The impacts are described below:

 Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and
movement of vehicles on unpaved roads.
 PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel
engines of machineries and vehicles.

The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during
construction phase is summarized in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Impact of Air Emissions (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification

assessment assessment
Intensity Low Overall quantity of air emission will be of less
quantityover a day and Low consumption of power
from DG sets.
Spatial Low Impact extends inside the proposed site
Temporal Low Long term effect as the construction period spans
up to 4 years
Vulnerability Low Proposed project is located in industrial area
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as per
methodology given in Section 4.1
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors as per
methodology given in Section 4.1
Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors as per
Significance methodology given in Section 4.1
Value of
Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures
 Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.
 Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used.
 Avoiding unnecessary engine operations.
 Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved sites.
 Controlled vehicle speed on site
 Ensuring vehicle are covered during transportation of material
 Only BS-VI grade diesel fuel will be used in DG sets.

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4.3.2 OPERATION PHASE

EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES

INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX SHORT TERM - 3 (ISCST3) MODEL

The model used in the present study is Industrial Source Complex Version 3, which is a
AERMOD Dispersion Modelling Program designed to estimate pollutant concentrations
for simple, intermediate, or complex terrain. The Industrial Source Complex Short Term
or in brief ISCST model is one of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA)'s UNAMAP series of air quality models.

The Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) models are used to predict pollutant
concentration from continuous point, area and volume sources. These versatile models
are preferred by the USEPA because of many features that enable the user to estimate
the concentrations nearly any type of source emitting non-reactive source.

The ISC short-term model for stack uses Steady State Gaussian plume equation for the
continuous elevated source. For the cross wind and downwind distances, the model
uses either polar or rectangular Cartesian co-ordinates as specified by the user. For
wind speed profile, wind power law is used to adjust the observed wind speed to the
stack or release height. For computation of plume rise, Briggs plume rise formula is
used. The distance dependent momentum plume rise equations are used to determine if
the wake region for the building downwash calculations affects the plume. In order to
consider the stack tip downwash, modification in stack height is performed using Briggs
(1974). The point source dispersion parameters are computed using the Turners (1970)
equation that approximately fits the Pasquill-Gifford curves. In order to take in account
for the wake effect, plume dispersion theory of Huber (1976) and Snyder (1977) has
been used. The buoyancy-induced dispersion has been taken care off using Pasquill
method. The vertical term and dry depositions are also taken into account by this model.

Besides the above, for a given land use category (e.g., Auer Land use category), the
model can be used for either Urban or Rural dispersion coefficient. The model also
calculates the downwash from the nearby building and the fumigation conditions. The
terrain variation is also included in form of flat, simple, intermediate and complex terrain.
The input requirements for the ISC model short-term computer program consist of four
categories of information:

 Hourly meteorological data

 Source data
 Receptor data
 Program control parameters

Meteorological inputs required by the program include hourly estimates of the wind
direction, wind speed, ambient air temperature, mixing height, wind profile exponent and
vertical temperature gradient. Some of the data required as mentioned above e.g.,
vertical temperature gradient, wind profile exponent and mixing depths call for a detailed
study in itself, which in this case was not possible. Therefore, USEPA approved default
values of wind exponents and temperature gradient as available in ISC3 have been
used.

In the present study, the micro-meteorological data i.e., wind speed, wind direction, relative
humidity and ambient temperature was collected by M/s. J.P. Test & Research Centre for 3
months period was used. The source data i.e. continuous stack emissions from different
process units have been furnished by process licensor.

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The input data requirements for each source include data specific to the source and its
type (whether point, area or volume source). The source-input requirements for running
the program are the emission height, location, exit velocity, exit temperature and
strength. The receptor data can be given either as polar, rectangular Cartesian or
discrete ones. The program control includes options regarding pollutant type, dispersion
options, averaging time, flag pole receptor and exponential decay etc.

4.3.2.1 Impacts due to releases of SO2 and NOX

There will be no release of SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 from the proposed project. Only small
quantity of NOX emission is envisaged due to combustion of gaseous fuel in GTG.
Hence, Ground Level Concentration (GLC) prediction modeling for only NOx has been
only carried out. The status of SO2 and NOX releases from the proposed Unit are
depicted below in Tables 4.6.

Table 4.6: Emission summary

Stack Characteristic
SO2 NOx
Stack details Height Exit Velocity Emission Emission
Dia (m) Temp (oC) (kg/hr) (kg/hr)
(m) (m/s)

201-ST-01
31.0 2 - 2.8 100.0 - 150.0 35 - 18 0 6.0 - 9.0
(GTG)
201-ST-02
31.0 2 - 2.8 100.0 - 150.0 35 - 18 0 6.0 - 9.0
(GTG)

NOX Concentration

The isopleths for 24 hourly maximum average for NOx is shown in Figure 4.2 and the
results are tabulated in Table 4.8. From the Table 4.7, the incremental NOx GLC
(maximum 24 hr GLC) due to operation of proposed facilities is predicted as 4.6g/m3.
This GLC is occurring outside plant boundary wall around 2.0 km from boundary in
North-West direction.

Maximum 98 Percentile Baseline Value (within 10 km radius) is 26.9 g/m3. By

superimposing the same with background NOX level, the maximum GLC observed is
31.5 g/m3 (24 hourly averages) which is well within the standard limits for 24 hourly
averages for industrial area i.e. 80 g/m3.

Table4.7: Predicted values of GLC for NOX

NOx (24 hourly maximum)

Maximum 98th
Resultant
Percentile
Maximum GLC Maximum Location from 98th
Baseline
Description (Incremental) GLC Co- boundary Percentile
Value (within
g/m3 ordinates (m) (m)
10 km radius)
Value
g/m3
g/m3
Release from 4.6 -800, 2400 Outside boundary wall 26.9 31.5
emission sources (In N-W direction and
at ~2.0 km from plant
boundary)

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Fig.4.1 Isopleths for incremental GLC for NOX due to proposed project

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Summary of Impacts

a. The resultant NOx ambient air quality concentration post-proposed expansion

project is estimated as 31.5g/m3 which is well within the standard limits for 24
hourly average for industrial area i.e. 80 g/m3.

Fugitive HC emissions of hydrocarbons are anticipated from storage tanks, valves,

flanges, and seals. Hence, air quality modeling is not required for the proposed project.
The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during operation
phase is summarized in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8: Impact of air emissions (operation phase)

Factors of Value of
Justification
assessment assessment
Intensity Low Marginal additional emissions due to
combustion.
Spatial Low Resultant concentration occurring within the
plant boundary
Temporal Low The addition of pollutants will over a day, but
continuous
Vulnerability Low Proposed project is located in industrial area
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as
per methodology given in Section 4.1
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors as per
methodology given in Section 4.1
Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors as
Value of Impact(S) per methodology given in Section 4.1

Mitigation measures

 Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

 Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.
 Developing/ maintaining peripheral green belt in the proposed plant premises.
 Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) will be in place to mitigate any fugitive
emission from storage etc.

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During construction phase, raw water will be required for the following purposes:

 Civil works ( such as concrete mix preparation, curing etc)

 Hydro testing ( of tanks and associated piping)
 Domestic use (such as drinking water for workers, washing etc.)
 Water sprinkling on site for dust abatement

Water requirement for construction phase will be 200 KLD approximately and will be
met from local resources. The significance of the impact of water consumption on local
water resources during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.9.

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Table 4.9: Impact of water consumption (construction phase)

Factors of Value of Justification

assessment assessment
Intensity Low Water requirement will be limited to 200 KLD in
a day.
Spatial Low Requirement is limited to a proposed site works
only.
Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short term
effect i.e. only during construction period
Vulnerability Low Proposed project is located in industrial area
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Significance
Value of
Impact(S)

The effluent streams that will be generated regularly during construction stage include
the following:

 Sewage and grey water from work sites

 Cleaning and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area.

During construction, waste materials would contribute to certain amount of water

pollution. But these would be for a short duration. All liquid waste will be collected and
disposed to identify water impoundment within the construction site. Later at frequent
intervals the same shall be disposed through tankers using gully suckers to common
waste treatment facility.The significance of the impact of waste water generation during
construction phase is summarized in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10: Impact of effluent generation (construction phase)

Factors of Assessment Value of Justification

assessment
Intensity Low Releases of low quantity
Spatial Low Requirement is limited to a proposed site
works only.
Temporal Low Restricted to construction period
Vulnerability Low Proposed project is located in industrial area
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Value of Impact(S)

Mitigation Measures
 Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage.

4.4.2 OPERATION PHASE

For proposed project, water requirement is 10m3/hr. The water will be used mainly for
service water, fire water make up, horticulture and drinking water. Water will be
generated in-house from atmosphere.

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The impact on water environment during the operation phase of the proposed changes
shall be in terms of water consumption and waste water generation due to process
activities. The impact of water consumption on local resources during operation phase is
summarized in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11: Impact of Water Consumption (Operation Phase)
Factors of Value of Justification
assessment assessment
Water required is limited to 10 m3/hr which
Intensity Low
will be generated from atmosphere in-house.
Water will be used for proposed project
Spatial Low
within complex only.

Temporal High Requirement of water will be continuous.

Extension project is coming with existing

Vulnerability Low
complex.
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors

Overall Significance
Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Value of Impact (S)

In LNG vaporization scheme normally no liquid, gaseous and solid waste is generated.
Small quantity of oily water stream generated from pump houses will be stored in an oil
water sump and thereafter disposed off periodically through drums. Domestic sewage
will be generated, which is collected and handled in soak-pit/ septic tank system. Rain
water and firewater run-off from the process and utilities areas will be drained through
storm water channel system. The impact of effluent generation during operation phase is
summarized in Table 4.12.
Table 4.12: Impact of Effluent Generation (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification

assessment assessment
Intensity Low No industrial liquid effluent will be generated/
discharged.
Spatial Low The impact will be limited within plant
boundary.
Temporal Low Domestic Sewage Effluent generated will be
suitably treated and reused.
Vulnerability Low No liquid discharge from proposed project.
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures
 Tracking of treated water consumption through water meters.
 Maintaining of rainwater harvesting structures.
 Effective utilization of water.

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4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

4.5.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During construction phase, civil works such as trenching, foundation casting, steel work,
infrastructure construction, mechanical works such as static equipment and rotating
machinery installation, building up of piping network, provision of piping supports, and
tying up of new facilities with the existing systems etc. are likely to affect the ambient
noise level. Also, the movement of heavy motor vehicles carrying construction material,
pipes and equipment, loading and unloading activities, and movement of light passenger
vehicles conveying construction personnel are likely to affect the ambient noise level.
However, these effects are for a short term and of temporary in nature.

Construction noise levels associated with typical machinery based on “BS 5228: 2009
Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Operation Sites” are summarized in the
Table 4.13.

Table 4.13: Sound Pressure (noise) levels of Construction Machinery

Item Description Noise Level dB(A) Reference

Distance
Earth Movers
Front Loaders 72-84 0.9 m
Backhoes 72-93 "
Tractors 72-96 "
Scrapers, Graders 80-93 "
Pavers 86-88 "
Trucks 82-94 "
Material Handlers
Concrete Mixers 75-88 0.9 m
Concrete Pumps 81-83 "
Cranes (movable) 75-86 "
Cranes (derrick) 86-88 '
Item Description Noise Level dB(A) Reference
Distance
Stationary Equipment
Pumps 69-71 0.9 m
Generators 71-82 "
Compressors 74-86 "

The impact of noise emissions on ambient noise levels are summarized in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14: Impact on Ambient Noise (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification

assessment assessment
Intensity Low All equipment will be
purchased that conforms to
standard limits for noise.
Spatial Low Impact extends inside site
Temporal Low Noise emission is not
continuous, occurs only any
machinery or DG is operated
Vulnerability Low Extension project is coming
with existing complex.

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Factors of Value of Justification

assessment assessment
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and
spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal
factors
Overall Significance Low By combining It and
Value of Impact (S) Vulnerability factors

Mitigation Measures

 Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles.

 Avoiding unnecessary engine operations (e.g. equipments with intermitted use
switched off when not working).
 Ensuring DG sets, Air compressor sets are provided with acoustic enclosures
and exhaust mufflers.

4.5.2 OPERATION PHASE

During operational phase of the proposed project, the noise shall be caused due to
various rotating equipment viz. GTs, Pumps, Compressors & Mixers, etc. The impact of
these noise emissions during operation is summarized in Table 4.15.
Table 4.15: Impact on ambient noise (operation phase)

Factors of Value of
Justification
assessment assessment
Release of low quantity as all the noise
generating equipments will be provided with
Intensity Low
enclosures / noise absorbing materials as
per present practice.
Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site.
Some of the Noise emissions will be
Temporal Low
intermittent and others continuous.
Extension project is coming with existing
Vulnerability Low
complex.
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall
Significance Value Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

 Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas.
 Provision of ear muffs at the high noise areas
 Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project will be set up in existing plant boundary and land owned by IOLPL.

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4.6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The impact on land environment during construction phase shall be due to generation of
debris/construction material, which shall be properly collected and disposed off.

During construction, there will be no routine discharge or activity potentially impacting

soils and groundwater.

The impact on land use and topography during construction phase is summarized in
Table 4.16.

Table 4.16: Impact on Land Use & Topography (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification

assessment assessment
Intensity Low Solid waste generated during the
construction period shall be of low quantity
as the scrapes and reusable materials are
sold out and other waste are disposed off
suitably.
Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site.
Temporal Low The impact will be limited to 36 months.
Vulnerability Low Extension project is coming with existing
complex.
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Significance Value
of Impact (S)

There is potential for impact on soil quality due to project-related spills and leaks of fuel
and chemicals and uncontrolled disposal of wastes and wastewater. Care will be taken
to avoid spills and leaks of hazardous substances and all project-related wastes.
Littering of sites and areas beyond the site will be controlled. The impact on soil quality
during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17: Impact on soil quality (construction phase)

Factors of assessment Value of Justification

assessment
Intensity Low Releases of low quantity
Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site.
Temporal Low The impact will be limited to 36 months.
Vulnerability Low Extension project is coming with existing
complex.
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

 Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary.

 Ensuring the top soil is not contaminated with any type of spills.
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 Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited
on approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or
natural water drainage.
 Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material
handling plan for the construction phase.

4.6.2 OPERATION PHASE

From the proposed project, no solid waste and liquid wastewater generation are
envisaged.

The impacts on soil quality during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18: Impact on soil quality (operation phase)

Factors of Value of Justification
assessment assessment
Intensity Low No solid waste and liquid wastewater
generation are envisaged.
Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site.
Temporal Low No solid waste and liquid wastewater
generation are envisaged.
Vulnerability Low Extension project is coming with existing
complex.
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Significance Value
of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

 Littering of used drums, cans, bottles etc. at the site will be barred. For temporary
storage of these will provided in earmarked place only.

4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.7.1 Construction phase

Impact Evaluation

The proposed facilities are to be developed in the land owned by IOLPL. The project site
does not harbor any fauna of importance. Therefore, the impact of construction activities on
fauna will be insignificant.The impacts on flora and fauna during construction phase are
summarized in Table 4.19.

Table 4.19: Impact on Biological Environment (construction phase)

Factors of Value of
Justification
assessment assessment
Intensity No major clearing of vegetation will be
Low
carried out
Spatial Low Activity is limited to proposed project site.
Temporal Low Activity is limited to 36 months.
Vulnerability Extension project is coming with existing
Low
complex.

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Factors of Value of
Justification
assessment assessment
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall
Significance Value Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures:

 Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.

 Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic and hazardous waste.
 Training of drivers to maintain speed limits.

4.7.2 Operation phase

Impact Evaluation

The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be limited.
Already 33% green belt/ cover area is maintained inside the complex. Impacts on Flora &
Fauna during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20: Impact on Biological Environment (operation phase)

Factors of Value of Justification

assessment assessment
Intensity Low No additional emissions
Spatial Low Product transport is mainly through road
transport/ pipeline
Temporal Low No additional emissions
Vulnerability Low Industrial area
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation measures
 Plant trees during operation phase as per greenbelt development plan as per
land availability.
 Proper maintenance of green belt developed which provides food and habitat for
local macro and micro fauna.
 Survival rate of the planted trees should be closely monitored.

4.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

4.8.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The issues need to be addressed during the construction phase of the project include
the effect of employment generation and additional transport requirements on local
infrastructural facilities. These are only short term impacts lasting during the construction
phase of the project.

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4.8.1.1 Employment Generation

The construction phase is expected to span for about three years. During this phase, the
major socio-economic impact will be in the sphere of generation of temporary
employment of a number of personnel. It is envisaged to generate direct employment for
approx. 5nos. persons and indirect employment for approx. 1000 persons due to the
proposed capacity expansion project during construction phase.

4.8.1.2 Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement of
both the personnel and materials. The site is well connected to direct road and rail
network.

(a) Transport of Personnel

Transport of the managerial personnel is likely to increase the vehicular traffic on the
roads connecting the proposed site to the city. The incremental traffic for the additional
people would be about 10 cars per day.

(b) Transport of construction materials

The transport of construction materials to the project site will result in increased traffic in
the impact area. The constructions of capital intensive structures require iron and steel,
heavy construction equipment and other construction materials. They will have to be
transported to the site using trucks. Roughly, on an average of approximately 10 trucks
per day will be needed for transporting the construction materials.

(c) Effect on local traffic

The incremental daily traffic during construction phase works out to be about 10 cars
and 5 buses per day.

4.8.1.3 Effect on Other Local Infrastructure

The majority of skilled and unskilled labourers are available in the impact area itself, the
incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal. But, during
the working hours of the day, the demand for food, water, sanitation and health facilities
at the construction site will go up.

Though the truck drivers appear to form a floating population, there will be a general flow
of this group throughout the duration of the construction phase. There will be an impact
on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical facilities for the
truck drivers. The impact of construction activities on socio-economic environment
during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21: Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (construction phase)

Factors of assessment Value of Justification
assessment
Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure
and other utilities in a phased manner.
Also it is considered as a positive
impact in terms of employment
generation
Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area
outside the boundary (< 1 km). Also
this is a positive impact in terms of

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Factors of assessment Value of Justification

assessment
employment generation.
Temporal Low The impact has an medium term effect
(1week – 4 year). Also this is a positive
impact in terms of employment
generation
Vulnerability Low Positive impact in terms of employment
generation
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial
factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability
Value of Impact(S) factors

Mitigation Measures

 Conducting awareness programmes for workers.

 Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles
 Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy
vehicles and machinery.
 Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week
will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning
requirements of certain vehicles/machineries that might increase congestion and
traffic hazards.
 Consolidating deliveries of materials personnel to project sites, whenever feasible, to
minimize flow of traffic.
 Minimizing interruption of access to community for use of public infrastructure
 Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even
temporarily.
 Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites
 Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for
security.

4.8.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE

Operational phase of the plant covers the entire life span of the plant. Hence the impacts
of the operational phase extend over a long period of time. These impacts include
employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure.

Employment Scenario

Direct employment for approx. 10 people and indirect employment for approx. 10
persons is envisaged during the operation phase.

Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise (marginal) due to the movement of both the personnel
and materials.

(a) Transport of Personnel

There shall be increase in additional load on traffic due to transport of personnel.

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(b) Transport due to movement of materials/products

The products will be transported through road by trucks and pipeline. The frequency of
transportation will be approximately 10trucks per day.

(c) Effect on local traffic

The incremental traffic during the operational phase works out to be about 10 cars, 20
two wheelers, 10 trucks, light commercial vehicles, buses etc. per day.The impact of
these activities on socio-economic environment during operation phase is summarized
in Table 4.22.

Table 4.22: Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification
assessment assessment
Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure and
other utilities in marginal quantities/Nos.
Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area outside
the site
Temporal Low The impact has a positive effect
Vulnerability Low Positive impact in terms of employment
generation
Evaluation of factors
Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors
Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors
Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors
Significance Value
of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

 Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles.

 Employment opportunity may be provided to local people during operation phase
considering their skills and abilities as per procedures & practices adopted by
company.
 The facilities like education, medical, transportation, sanitation need to be
strengthened under social welfare activity or CSR Program.

4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS:

Based on the above evaluation the significance value of impact on various components
of environment during construction and operation phases is summarized and is given in
Table 4.23.

Table 4.23: Summary of Impact Evaluation in terms of Significance Value

Environmental component Construction Operation

Air Low Low
Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Low
Generation of Effluent Low Low
Land Land use & Topography Low -
Soil Quality Low Low
Noise Low Low
Biological Low Low
Socio-Economic Low Low

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CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
(Technology & Site)

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5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE

Indian Oil LNG Import, Storage, and Re-gasification Terminal is situated inside the
Kamarajar Port Ltd (KPL), Vallur Post, Thiruvallur District, Chennai – 600120. The
proposed expansion will be coming up inside the existing terminal complex. Tentative
co-ordinates of proposed facility are Latitude: 13°17'33"N and Longitude 80°20'36"E.

This site has several favorable factors as given below:

1. Proximity to gas demand centers

2. Fully developed port with infrastructure required for LNG terminal
3. Sea, Rail and road connectivity

Alternate site for the proposed expansion project has not been studied as there is
adequate space inside the existing terminal complex.

5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY

The existing technology of receiving LNG and regasifying it using glycol water mixture is
a proven method of converting LNG to NG. The entire operation is carried out in a
closed loop and it provides a safer and environmental friendly operation.

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CHAPTER – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

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6.0 INTRODUCTION

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess

the status of environment during project operations. With the knowledge of baseline
conditions, the monitoring programmed will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in
environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking up suitable
mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that
of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by
monitoring.

Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried out over
short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or
human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental
parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE

Development of the programme during the planning process shall be conducted or

supported by environmental specialists. However, the implementation responsibility
rests with working managers of IOLPL, who should, therefore, ensure they fully
understand and subscribe to the commitments being made. These commitments will
include the legal and statutory controls imposed on the operation as well as other
corporate commitment to responsible environment management.

IOLPL had already an Engineering Group under HSE dept. to review the effectiveness
of environment management system during construction and operational phase of
existing and proposed project expansion. The Environmental Monitoring Cell (EMC) is a
part of Engineering Group who works for monitoring and meet regularly to review the
effectiveness of the EMP implementation. The data collected on various EMP measures
would be reviewed by EMC and if needed corrective action will be formulated for
implementation. The typical organogram of IOLPL-HSE is given below in Figure 6.1.

Monitoring shall confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form of
direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts and
concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate
or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of
ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological / biological,
physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socio-economic interaction,
through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints.

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Figure 6.1 HSE Organogram of IOLPL

6.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING

To ensure the effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, the broad
objectives of monitoring plan are:

 To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the

environmental monitoring programme.
 To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment
 To suggest improvements in management plan, if required
 To enhance environmental quality.
 To undertake compliance monitoring of the proposed project operation and
evaluation of mitigative measures.

6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Chapter 4describes the impacts and mitigation measures envisaged during construction
phase vis-à-vis the environmental components which are likely to get impacted in case
mitigation measures are not adequately followed. In view of the same the environmental
components / indicators which are to be monitored during construction phase are air,

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water, noise levels and soil. Due to limited construction activities, the environmental
monitoring programme shall be accordingly arranged.

The environmental monitoring programme during construction phase is presented in

Table 6.1. The implementation of monitoring will be contractor’s responsibility and the
supervision will be done by IOLPL.

Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme– Construction Phase (3years)

No. of Samples / year

Comp (Locations X
Parameters Location / Frequency of Monitoring
onent Monitoring
Frequency)
At two locations, one at upwind direction and
SO2, NOx, another at downwind direction, both at plant
Air 12 (2 X 2X 3)
PM10&PM2.5 boundary. Twice in a season (except
monsoon) per year
Surface Water:
One surface water sample in the project site
CPCB surface
per season (except monsoon). 6 (2X 1 X 3) (If
Water water criteria;
One Ground Water sample in the project site applicable)
Ground Water:
per season (except monsoon).
IS:10500
At two locations, one at project site and
Noise Levels
Noise another is at plant boundary. Once in a season 6 (2 X1 X 3)
Leq (A)
(except monsoon) per year
As per
At one location, in the project site. Twice in a
Soil standard 2 (1 x 2)
year.
practice
Note: Construction period is 3 years.

The monitoring shall be carried out through entire construction period by a

MoEFCC/NABL approved laboratory.

6.4 OPERATION PHASE

The components / indicators of different environmental monitoring program are as

under.

6.4.1 Monitoring For Pollutants

As stated under Chapter 4, the environmental stresses from pollutants are marginal.
Often the range of impact is limited to the plant and in its immediate vicinity, the
monitoring schedule is evolved accordingly.

6.4.1.1 Work zone noise levels

IOLPL will monitor the noise levels inside and around the plant on a quarterly basis.
Extensive survey will be done in occupied areas near the sources of noise. Monitoring
will be done in twelve places on site (Table 6.2). IOLPL will keep a record of noise levels
and take necessary organizational actions like rotation of workmen, availability and use
of personal protective devices, damage to enclosures or insulation layers over
enclosures and piping.

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Table 6.2 Noise Level to be monitored

Description Nos. of Locations Monitoring Frequency

Work zone Eight hours per shift continuous to cover all 72 samples per year (6
Noise shift of operation once in a quarter for six X 3 (shifts) per quarter x
selected locations. 4 quarters)
*Noise Level in Leq (A)

6.4.1.2 Stack gas monitoring

The flue gas coming out from the stacks will be sampled and monitored for SO2, NOx,
CO and PM. Monitoring of the flue gases will be done as prescribed by the Tamil Nadu
Pollution Control Board (TNPCB).

6.4.2 Meteorology
The temperature, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, and rainfall shall be
monitored. These data shall be used for detailed short term and long term predictions of
atmospheric dispersion of the pollutants released from the stack.

6.4.3 Ambient Air Quality

It is necessary to monitor the air quality at the boundary of the plant specifically with
respect to SO2 and NOx. The equipment at the continuous monitoring stations will have
facilities to monitor PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx. In addition Ambient Air Quality
measurement for manually monitoring of the parameters in the plant and in the
surrounding villages is required.

After the implementation of the proposed project the ambient air shall be regularly
monitored as given in Table 6.3or as per the directives given byCPCB / TNPCB from
time to time.
Table 6.3 Ambient air to be monitored

Sl Description Number of Monitoring Frequency

No Sampling
Locations
1. Ambient Air Quality 3(AAQ Once in half yearly period,
Stations) 24 hr continuous (for PM 2.5,
PM10, SO2 & NOx) sampling
data to be collected.
* Parameters = PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOX

6.4.4 Waste Water from Project Site

There will be no liquid effluent disposal from the proposed project.

6.4.5 Ambient Noise

Ambient noise shall be monitored at two locations surrounding the plant, twice in each
season.

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6.4.6 Ground Water Monitoring

No ground water is drawn and there is no discharge of any industrial effluent into
Ground. Hence, ground water monitoring is not envisaged. Rain water harvesting is
done within the complex.

6.4.7 Soil Quality Monitoring

Soil samples from two locationsin the project site shall be analysed once in a year.

6.4.8 Solid/Hazardous Waste Disposal

No solid waste is envisaged from this project.

6.4.9 Green Belt Development

Total area of Ennore LNG terminal is 128 acres. Existing green belt/cover area of
terminal is 42.24 acres (33% of the total area). However, IOLPL will continue to carry out
green belt/ cover in available spaces.

6.4.10 Socio-Economic Development

The proposed project will improve the infra-structure & socio-economic conditions thus
will enhance the overall development of the region. The communities, which are
benefited by the plant, are thus one of the key stakeholders. It is suggested that the
plant management under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plan and Corporate
Environment Responsibility (CER) plan will have structured interactions with the local
authority to disseminate the measures planned / taken by IOLPL and also to elicit
suggestions from stake-holders for overall improvement for the development of the
area.

6.5 SUBMISSION OF MONITORING REPORTS TO MoEFCC

As per the requirements, the status of environmental clearance stipulation
implementation will be submitted to MoEFCC in hard and soft copy on 1stDecember and
1stJune of every calendar year. These reports will be put up on MoEFCC web site as per
their procedure and will be updated every six months. The pollutants will be monitored
on monthly basis and reports will be submitted to TNPCB and CPCB respectively, as per
the requirements.

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CHAPTER – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

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7.0. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

A Rapid Risk Assessment studies have been carried out by EIL for generation of
important baseline data / specific information required for the subject EIA study. The
details of the same are presented below:

7.1 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY

RRA study evaluates the consequences of potential failure scenarios, assess extent of
damages, based on damage criteria’s and suggest suitable measures for mitigating the
Hazard.

RRA involves identification of various potential hazards & credible or reasonably

believable failure scenarios for various units based on their frequency of occurrence &
resulting consequence. Basically two types of scenarios are identified spanning across
various process facilities; Cases with high chance of occurrence but having low
consequence, e.g. Instrument Tapping Failure and cases with low chance of occurrence
but having high consequence, e.g., Large Hole on the bottom outlet of Pressure
Vessels. Effect zones for various outcomes of failure scenarios (Flash Fire, Jet Fire,
Pool Fire, Blast overpressure, toxic release, etc.) are studied and identified in terms of
distances on plot plan. Based on effect zones, measures for mitigation of the hazard/
risk are suggested. Detailed Risk Analysis report is attached as Annexure-V.

7.1.1 MAJOR OBSERVATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

The detailed consequence analysis of release of hydrocarbon in case of major credible

scenarios are modeled in terms of release rate, dispersion, flammability and toxic
characteristics, which have been discussed in detail in the report. The major findings
and recommendations based on maximum effect zone distance from risk analysis are
summarized below:

a) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Discharge of Intank LP Pump: From

the consequence analysis of the selected failure scenario, it was observed that LFL may
spread up to a distance of ~32 m at the height of 42 m and not reaching to ground. The
jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2and 5 kW/m2 not realized at
grade level. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure is realized up to 42&58 m
respectively from the source point and have impact on new LNG Storage Tank.
Based on the above following is recommended:

• Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors near new LP LNG Pump for
early leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment & inventory
isolation and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

b) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge:
From the consequence analysis of the selected failure scenario, it was observed that
LFL may spread up to a distance of ~82 m. LFL hazardous zone is covering the road on

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the eastern, western& northern side of the HP Pumps, part of LNG Storage tanks, part
of STV area, metering yard and part of existing HP LNG Pump House. The jet fire
radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 63,
65, 78 & 87 m. Radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2 covering road on western,
northern & eastern side of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western &
northern side of the HP LNG Pump, part of Metering Skid, part of STV Area & part of
pipeline dispatch area and 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is covering road on northern, eastern&
western side of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western & northern side of
the HP LNG Pump, part of Metering Skid, part of STV Area of High Pressure LNG
Pumps, part of LNG Storage Tanks. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect
distances is realized up to102 &131 m respectively from the source point and covering
the Control Room, Pipeline Dispatch Station Area ,LNG Storage Tanks (new/existing),
existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of BOG Compressor Room.
Based on the above following is recommended:

• Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the eastern, western and northern
side of the HP Pumps through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized
vehicles shall be allowed on this road.
• The Existing Control Room is being affected due to blast overpressure generated
from proposed new HP LNG pump instrument tapping failure so same needs to be
revalidated through QRA to be carried out during detail engineering and accordingly
suitable mitigation measure shall be adopted during detail engineering.
• Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors within the new HP LNG
Pump House for early leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment
& inventory isolation and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.
• Roads on northern, eastern & western side of the HP LNG Pumps are getting
affected due to Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be
used as escape routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in
disaster management plan.

c) Flange Leakage (10mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge: From the
consequence analysis of the selected failure scenario, it was observed that LFL may
spread up to a distance of ~32 m. LFL hazardous zone is covering the road on the
eastern side of the HP Pumps. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2 , 9
kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 34, 35, 42 & 47 m and covering road on eastern
side of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western& northern side of the HP
LNG Pump, part of STV Area. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances
is realized up to 41& 55 m respectively from the source point and covering the LNG
Storage Tanks (new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit,
part of BOG Compressor Room.

Based on the above following is recommended:

• Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the eastern side of the HP Pumps
through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be
allowed on this road.

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• Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors within the new HP LNG

Pump House for early leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment
& inventory isolation and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.
• Roads on eastern side of the HP LNG Pumps is getting affected due to Jet Fire
radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes
during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.

d) Flange Joint Leak (10mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet: From the
consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~32 m.
The LFL hazardous zone is covering some part of the road on western side of the STV.
The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized
up to 34, 35, 42 & 47 and covering the Pipe Rack on the eastern side & Road on the
western side of STV. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is
realized up to 41&55 m respectively from the source point and covering HP LNG Pumps,
New & Existing Metering Yard, Existing STV Unit and LNG Storage Tanks
(new/existing).

Based on the above following is recommended:

• Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the western side of the STV through
suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this
road.
• Roads on western side of the STV are getting affected due to Jet Fire radiation
intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes during
this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.

e) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet:

From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of
~82 m. The LFL hazardous zone is covering some part of the road on northern &western
side of the STV. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5
kW/m2 is realized up to 63, 65, 78 & 87 and covering the Pipe Rack on the eastern side
& Road on the northern, eastern & western side of STV. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave
overpressure effect distances is realized up to 102&131 m respectively from the source
point and covering the Control Room, Pipeline Dispatch Station Area, LNG Storage
Tanks (new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of
BOG Compressor Room, part of electrical substation.

Based on the above following is recommended:

• Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the northern &western side of the
STV through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be
allowed on this road.
• Roads on northern, eastern &western side of the STV are getting affected due to
Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as
escape routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster
management plan.

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• The Existing Control Room is being affected due to blast overpressure generated
from proposed new STV instrument tapping failure so same needs to be revalidated
through QRA to be carried out during detail engineering and accordingly suitable
mitigation measure shall be adopted during detail engineering.
• Ensure that there is minimum permanent occupancy in the electrical substation.

f) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet :
From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of
~17 m at height of 1m. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2
and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 25, 27, 33 & 37 and covering pipe rack on eastern side &
road on western side. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is
realized up to 16 &24 m respectively from the source point.

Based on the above following is recommended:

• Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the western side of the STV through
suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this
road.

g) 10mm leak at Loading Arms(near Gantry Area): From the consequence analysis,
it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~38 m and covering the road on
the northern & southern side of the Loading Arm. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30
kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 25, 25, 29 & 33 and covering
the road on northern & southern side of Loading Arm & Pipe Rack on southern side of
Loading Arm. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to
41&56 m respectively from the source point and covering road, Pipe Rack on southern
side of Loading Arm.

Based on the above following is recommended:

• Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the northern & southern side of the
Loading Arm through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles
shall be allowed on this road.
• Roads on southern side of the Loading Arm are getting affected due to Jet Fire
radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes
during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.
• Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors near Loading Arm area for
early leak detection and develop procedures to stop loading & inventory isolation and for
safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

h) Loading Arms Rupture (~75 mm): From the consequence analysis, it was
observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~108 m and covering the road on the
northern & southern side of the Loading Arm and part of new LNG Storage area. The jet
fire radiation intensity of 30kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to
47, 48, 59 & 67 and covering the road in northern & southern side & Pipe Rack on
southern side of Loading Arm. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances
is realized up to 137&185 m respectively from the source point and covering road inside

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facility, Pipe Rack & part of existing LNG Storage Tank & new LNG Storage Tank on
southern side of Loading Arm.

Based on the above following is recommended

• This scenario shall be considered in formulating disaster management plan of

the LNG Terminal as it is low failure frequency scenario

i) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Metering Yard: From the

consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~17m, it
is not realized at grade. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2
and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 25, 27, 33 & 37 and covering the road in the eastern,
western& northern side of the Metering Yard. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure
effect distances is realized up to 16&24 m respectively from the source point and
covering part of STV area.

Based on the above following is recommended:

• Roads on eastern, western & northern side of the Metering Yard are getting
affected due to Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be
used as escape routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in
disaster management plan.

j) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Hot Oil Pump Discharge: From the
consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~37 m
and covering the road on the northern, eastern & western side of the Hot Oil Pump and
N2 Package Area, Substation Building and CPP Area. The jet fire radiation intensity of
30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 25, 26, 32 & 38 and
covering the road on eastern, northern & western side Hot Oil Pump and Substation
Building and CPP Area. The pool fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9
kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 36, 40, 62&77 and covering the road on eastern,
western and northern side, substation building, CPP, proposed air compressor, air
compressor house and Cooling water tower. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure
effect distances is realized up to 41 & 55 m respectively from the source point and
covering Substation Building.

Based on the above following is recommended:

• Restrict vehicle movements on the road on northern, eastern & western side of
the Hot Oil Pump through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized
vehicles shall be allowed on this road.
• Roads on eastern, western & northern side of the Hot Oil Pump are getting
affected due to Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be
used as escape routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in
disaster management plan.

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• Substation Building is getting affected due to jet fire , it is recommended to keep

the entry and exit to the building outside the effect zone of jet fire thermal radiation
intensity of 25 KW/m2for safe entry & exit to the building.
• Permanent occupancy level in the SS shall be decided based on QRA to be
carried out during detail engineering.
• Ensure that the entry & exit to the substation building are outside the effect zone
of pool fire thermal radiation intensity of 25 KW/m2.
• Ensure that inlet of fresh air intake of the substation building (on the eastern side
of the hot oil facility) shall be opposite side of Hot oil facility with adequate numbers of
detectors (HC) in the inlet fresh air duct of HVAC for detecting flammable vapors and
actuating interlock for closing air damper in fresh air duct.

7.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Emergency planning is an integral part of the overall loss control programme and is
essential for our organization. The same is important for effective management of an
accident to minimize the losses to the people and property, both in and around the
facility. The important aspect in emergency management is to prevent by technical and
organizational measures, the unintentional escape of hazardous materials out of the
facility and minimize accidents and losses. Emergency planning demonstrates the
organizational commitment to the safety of employees and increases our organization’s
safety awareness.

IOLPL has already prepared Emergency Response &Disaster Management Plan

document for Ennore Terminal complex. The Emergency Response & Disaster
Management Plan has been prepared as per Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory
Board Act, 2006 and as per PNGRB amendment regulations dated17thSeptember, 2020.
The ERDMP has been prepared based on the “The Gazette of India: Extraordinary
Notification [F. No PNGRB/Tech/19-ERDMP/ (1)/2020]”. Clause No. 3(da) – “Natural gas
storage facilities including LNG terminals” of PNGRB regulations are applicable for
ERDMP of IOLPL terminal.

The Emergency Response Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP) describes the

organizational structure, facilities, equipment, services and infrastructure necessary to
respond to the emergency situation which could have on-site as well as off-site
implications at receipt, storage and dispatch points. The ERDMP covers all emergencies
relating to operations and maintenance, personnel, properties including serious
accidents, explosions, floods, fire and bomb threat, etc. as mentioned in the regulations.
This plan also applies to those government agencies that are responsible for emergency
response within the immediate area surrounding the facilities and those agencies,
organizations, contractors and the facilities providing assistance to IOLPL terminal in the
event of an emergency.

The terminal will maintain liaison with concerned government agencies to ensure proper
understanding and interfaces regarding aspects of notification, responsibilities of
personnel and resources of state and local agencies to be deployed in case of actual
emergency situation. The ERDMP has covered on the following topics.

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1. Short title and Commencement

2. The Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP) has been
prepared as per the regulations of the Petroleum and Nature Gas Regulatory Board
(Codes of Practices for Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan
(ERDMP)) Amendment Regulations, 2020.
3. Definitions used in the ERDMP
This Chapter provides meanings of words used in the ERDMP as per the Petroleum and
Natural Gas Regulatory Board (Codes of Practices for Emergency Response and
Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP)) Amendment Regulations, 2020.
4. Scope and Intent of the ERDMP
This chapter provides the Scope and Intent of the ERDMP in the Industries where it is
applicable.
5. Classification of Emergencies
Emergencies which are categorized into three broad levels of seriousness i.e., Level-
1,Level-2 and Level-3 and its response requirements are provided in this chapter.
6. Implementation Schedule of the ERDMP
The implementation time from notification date of Codes of Practices viz. On-site
emergency Plan, Off-site emergency Plan, Resource in position, accredited third party
certification of ERDMP and Testing and Mock Drill are provided in this chapter.
7. Consequences of default or Non-Compliance
This chapter provides consequences and penal provisions under the technical standards
for default or non-compliance of the Act.
8. Requirements under other Statues
This chapter provides applicability/non-applicability of other statutes to the Industry.
9. Pre-Emergency Planning
This chapter provides pre-emergency planning viz. Hazard Identification, Risk Analysis
and Risk Assessment, its potential dangers, consequences of its occurrences, its
probabilities and its tolerable limits. It also provides the causes of man-made, natural
calamities and extraneous emergencies.
10. Emergency Mitigation Measures
This chapter provides the basic requirement of ERDMP which will help in resource
mobilization and incident preventing measures and procedures.
11. Emergency Preparedness Measures
This chapter provides the preliminary and subsequent action to be taken for various fire
scenarios in the installation premises.
12. Response Procedures and Measures
This chapter provides the zones and mapping of the installation premises, Wind
Direction& its speed, showing process lay out/flow diagrams and manpower data.
13. Emergency Organization and Responsibilities
This chapter provides the list of delegation of authority from operation personnel to
emergency response personnel carry out responsibilities in emergencies as per
Emergency Organization Chart and deliver their role clarity as mentioned in the ERDMP.
14. Infrastructure
This chapter provides the infrastructure facility like Emergency Control Centers (ECC)
available in the Installation premises to Manage, Control and Communicate during
emergencies and assembly points at safe place to de-brief after emergencies.

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15. Declaration of On-site and Off-site Emergencies

This chapter provides the circumstances under which the situation is declared on-site or
off-site and the situation to hand over the charge to District Authority.
16. Resources for Controlling Emergency
This chapter provides the list of various firefighting systems, firefighting equipment /
facilities, Ambulance, First Aid, Medical Facilities, PPEs available and Rescue and
Rehabilitation facilities available in the installation premises, with Mutual aid Members
and with District and State Authorities.
17. Demographic Information
This chapter provides the industries, sensitive institutions around the installation and the
population, cattle and livestock, and flora & fauna within 5 kms radius.
18. Medical Facilities
This chapter provides First Aid medicines, persons trained in first Aid available the
installation and local hospitals available in and around the place.
19. Evacuation
This chapter provides the authorized persons for evacuating people from residential
areas, rescue procedures, emergency exit routes, facilities/equipment available for
evacuation, evacuation route and provision of food and drinking water at assembly
points after transfer of people.
20. Information to Public
This chapter provides the safety measures taken in the event of emergencies made
known to general public who are likely to be affected and display boards carrying do’s
and don’ts should be located at the outside of the installation premises as well as in the
neighboring colonies.
21. Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders including external Agencies
This chapter provides the roles and responsibilities of stake holders viz. District
Authorities, the Police, the Fire Service, The Health Department, the Pollution control
Boards and NDRF and SDRF.
22. Reporting of the Incident
This chapter provides the incident reporting through standard form and guidelines for
reporting the incident.
23. Action for Reporting of Incident by the Entity
This chapter provides the reporting of the incidents to Board, the Nodal Officer of the
Board will inform the Members of the Board and co-ordinate with appropriate level in
National disaster Management Authority till normalization of the situation.
24. Termination of Emergency
This chapter provides the termination of emergency would be declared through siren as
per the Siren Codes defined by industry in case of Level-1, and 2. For Level-3,
termination of emergencies would be declared by the District Authority.
25. Emergency Recovery Procedures
This chapter provides the series of activities to be carried out viz. information to statutory
Authorities, incident investigation, damage assessment, entire experience of the incident
and ambient air monitoring at the site after the incident.
26. ERDMP for Pipelines Carrying Petroleum Products and Retail Outlets
This section is not applicable to IOLPL operations as IOLPL scope is only to unload
LNG, Regasification of the LNG and supplying it to IOC’s SRPL who maintain the
Pipeline Division

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27. ERDMP for Road Transportation

This section is not applicable to IOLPL operations as IOLPL scope is only to unload
LNG, Storage and Regasification of the LNG and supplying it to IOC’s BD gas Division
who take care of road transportation.
28. Integration of the ERDMP with National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
This chapter provides the govt. took a definite step towards NDMP by enacting the
NDMP Act, 2005 by which a proactive and comprehensive mindset towards NDMP
covering all aspects from prevention, mitigation, preparedness to rehabilitation,
reconstruction and recovery.
29. Miscellaneous
This chapter provides the entity to seek approval of the Board with mitigation measures
proposed to be carried out for any deviation from this code of practices.

The ERDMP has been prepared based on workshop of HAZOP and Quantitative Risk
Analysis study. In ERDMP report, worst possible scenarios for major failure/emergency
have been identified, evaluation of their consequences have been done and a systematic
plan has been devised for handling such emergency conditions.

Due to the proposed expansion project, the existing ERDMP document will be updated
during it’s detailed engineering stage as per Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board
Act, 2006 and as per PNGRB amendment regulations dated 17th September, 2020. The
following information will be incorporated in the updated ERDMP:

A. Brief Description of Plant Processes & List of the Chemicals/Hydrocarbons and their
Inventories.
B. Hazard Identification & Risk Analysis including Individual Risk & Societal Risk Per
Annum Based on QRA/RRA.
C. Listing out Onsite & Offsite Emergency Scenarios based on Consequence Analysis.
D. Emergency Mitigation Measures including information of Design, Inbuilt Safety
System, Fire Prevention & Protection System.
E. Procedures for Onsite & Offsite Mock Drills.
F. Response procedures for Identified Onsite & Offsite Scenarios.
G. Emergency infrastructures like Emergency Control Centre, Assembly Points,
Emergency Shelters etc.
H. Proposed resources for controlling emergency including medical facilities.
I. Procedure for information to public/society
J. Reporting procedure of Incidents to various Stakeholders.
K. Process Flow Diagram, Site Layout Plan, MSDS, Important Telephones Numbers
Internal & External etc.

7.3 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND R&R ACTION PLANS

Social Impact assessment has been carried out and details provided in cl. No. 4.8 of
Chapter-4. R&R plan is not applicable for the proposed project as the land is already in
possession of IOLPL and inside existing Ennore LNG Terminal complex.

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7.4 PUBLIC HEARING

As per the Terms of Reference (ToR) conditions, Public Hearing for the proposed project
will be held. The proceedings, outcome and measures related to Public Hearing will be
incorporated in this section.

7.5 COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ) STUDY

Institute of Remote Sensing- Anna University, Chennai has carried out CRZ study and
preparation of CRZ maps on approved CZMP as per CRZ Notification 2011for the
Proposed Expansion of LNG Regasification Plant at Puzhuthivakkam Village, Ponneri
Taluk, Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu. The High Tide Line (HTL), Low Tide Line (LTL),
Ecologically sensitive areas along with setback lines indicated in approved
CZMP(Approved CZMP map No: TN 111) prepared as per CRZ Notification 2011 were
superimposed on to geo-referenced cadastral map to prepare a local level CRZ map at
1:4,000.

Objectives of CRZ study:

 Identification of HTL, LTL indicated in approved CZMP near proposed project

activities by conducting field survey using DGPS survey.
 Mapping of ecologically sensitive entities such as Mangroves, Turtle breeding
grounds, etc., indicated in approved CZMP near project site
 Superimposition of HTL,LTL, Ecologically Sensitive Areas along with project
layout details on to the geo-referenced cadastral map
 Preparation of Coastal Regulation Zones by mapping setback lines as per CRZ
Notification from HTL in the vicinity of project site.

Coordinates of HTL reference points:

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Project Plant Site Coordinates:

The above coordinates were superimposed on approved CZMP (approved by MOEF,

Government of India, New Delhi), published by Tamil Nadu state CZMA(TNCZMA) in the
year 2018.Project Site falls in various CRZ categories such as CRZ - III (200m to 500m
from HTL) and Outside CRZ, as per approved CZMP. CRZ zone classification for
IOLPL-Ennore Terminal is provided below:

Table 7.1: CRZ Zones for the proposed project

CRZ map of IOLPL-Ennore Terminal indicating proposed Facilities is provided in Figure

7.1.CRZ Report along with CRZ maps have been provided as Annexure-VI.

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Figure-7.1: CRZ map of IOLPL-Ennore Terminal indicating proposed Facilities

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CHAPTER – 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

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8.0 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY NEEDS

India has been witnessing rapid urban and industrial growth in the past two decades,
and with the country’s current liberalization policy, this growth is expected to accelerate
further. As a consequence of the rapid rate of industrialization in India, polymer products
needs are increasing at an equally rapid rate and the supply-demand gap is widening
and steps must be taken to address this issue. The proposed project will result in the
supply of increased volumes of environmental friendly polymer products to meet the
energy security of northern, western and southern region of the country.

At present, natural gas share in India is only 6% of the total energy basket of India as
compared to world average of 24%. As gas is efficient and environment friendly fuel, it is
aptly termed as green fuel and so preferred fuel of the century. There is a wide gap
between gas demand and supply due to inadequate domestic gas discoveries and
production in the present scenario. The future outlook for domestic gas production
estimated by various agencies is not sufficient to meet the growing demand and the
country remains gas deficient. Hence the only way to meet the growing demand of gas
is to import LNG and use it. Southern states, particularly Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and
some parts of Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh are starving for power due to inadequate
gas supplies. Various market studies indicated that there is sufficient demand for LNG in
the region and particularly major demand centers are in the vicinity of Chennai.

Moreover, in a bid to move to gas-based economy, Government of India (GoI) has been
focusing on increasing the gas share in the energy mix to 15 percent from the current 6
percent by the year 2030. There is also a push to establish national gas grid and has
already notified unified tariff structure with the aim to reduce the cost of natural gas for
users far away from the source of natural gas and / or LNG terminal. This would act as a
catalyst in boosting the consumption of natural gas in the country. The demand for
RLNG in the catchment area of Ennore LNG Terminal, is expected to increase beyond 5
MMTPA by 2025-26. The additional gas demand in the catchment area would be on
account of new gas based Power Plants and switching of existing Power Plants to
RLNG. There will also be an increase in RLNG demand due to development of CGD
networks in the districts of Tamil Nadu as well as Puducherry.

There is also a potential demand of LNG from the neighbouring countries viz. Myanmar,
Bangladesh & Sri Lanka through LNG break bulking operations and offering ancillary
services like gassing up & cooling down, LNG bunkering, etc. Considering the time and
efforts required for construction of new storage tanks and the requirement of enhanced
regasification capacity of the Terminal, Ennore LNG terminal has planned for the
Expansion Project to cater to additional gas demand of the customers in Ennore
catchment area in future.

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8.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The proposed project would generate some direct and indirect employment
opportunities during construction and operation phases. Additional manpower is
envisaged for the project. Also local skilled and unskilled labour will be required during
construction and operation phase. Improvement in the overall socio-economic status
of the vicinity of project area, in the thematic areas of health, education, livelihood and
infrastructure is expected. Expansion of gas infrastructure would improve the quality
of life of local people by bringing in more direct / indirect employment opportunities.
New industries / power plants planned to be set up based on gas will benefit from this
terminal and hence likely to cause less pollution than that of coal based power plants.
Social Development is an important component of any project taken by IOLPL through
CSR and CER activities. An understanding of society is essential in helping people
meet their social needs - food, water, shelter, health, knowledge, skills and physical
and emotional security. How people define such needs and the priority and value give
to them varies tremendously, not only from one country to another, but between
different groups of people. A starting point for establishing appropriate and
sustainable social services should be an analysis of how individuals, families and
communities organise themselves in society to meet their needs as they define them.
Under CER/CSR activities, IOLPL will continue to carry out the benevolent activities at
surrounding villages in consultation district administration.

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CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

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9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis, or CBA, refers to the economic appraisal of

policies and projects that have the deliberate aim of improving the provision of
environmental services or actions that might affect (sometimes adversely) the
environment as an indirect consequence. Vital advances have arisen in response to
the challenges that environmental problems and environmental policy pose for CBA. It
also compares the monetary value of benefits with the monetary value of costs in
order to evaluate and prioritize issues.

The effect of time (i.e. the time it takes for the benefits of a change to repay its costs)
is taken into consideration by calculating a payback period. In its simple form, CBA
uses only financial costs and financial benefits.

As per EIA notification, dated:14th September, 2006, Environmental cost benefit

analysis is applicable only when recommended at the scoping stage. However as per
the ToR points issued by MoEF&CC, Delhi vide letter No. 11-30/2011-IA.III dated 9th
September, 2021, Environmental cost benefit analysis is not recommended at the
scoping stage, and has therefore not been carried out.

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CHAPTER – 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

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10.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is planning and implementation of

various pollution abatement measures for any proposed project. The EMP lists out
all these measures not only for the operational phase of the plant but also for the
construction phase and planning phase. The EMP is prepared keeping in view all
possible strategies oriented towards the impact minimisation.

The EMP for the proposed project is divided into two phases i.e. Construction and
Operational phase. The planning phase lists out the control strategies to be
adopted during the design considerations. The construction and operational phase
details the control/abatement measures to be adopted during these phases.

10.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE

Design Considerations

Government of India has made many legislations/rules for the protection and
improvement of environment in India. Various environmental legislations/rules
applicable to the proposed project facilities are given in Table 10.1.

Table 10.1 Indian Environmental Legislation/Rules

Legal Instrument Relevant articles/provisions

The Environment (Protection) Section 7: Not to allow emission or discharge of
Act, 1986, amended up to environmental pollutants in excess of prescribed standards
1991 Section 8: Handling of Hazardous substances
Section 10: Power of entry and inspection
Section 11: Power to take samples
Section 15 – 19: Penalties and procedures
Environment (Protection) Rule 3: Standards for emissions or discharge of
Rules, 1986 (Amendments in environmental pollutants
1999, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2003, Rule 5: Prohibition and restriction on the location of
2004, March 2008 ) industries and the carrying on process and operations in
different areas
Rule 13: Prohibition and restriction on the handling of
hazardous substances in different areas
Rule 14: Submission of environmental statement
The Air (Prevention and Section 21: Consent from State Boards
Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Section 37: Penalties and Procedures
as amended upto 1987.
MoEF notification dated National Ambient air quality standards
November 18, 2009 vide
circular no G.S.R 186(E) for
ambient air quality
The Water (Prevention and Section 3: Levy and Collection of Cess
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Section 24: Prohibition on disposal
as amended upto 2003. Section 25: Restriction on New Outlet and New Discharge

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Legal Instrument Relevant articles/provisions

Section 26: Provision regarding existing discharge of sewage
or trade effluent
EIA Notification 2006 and Requirements and procedure for seeking environmental
subsequent amendments clearance of projects
Noise Pollution (Regulation Ambient noise standards and requirements of DG sets
and Control) Rules, 2000,
amended up to 2010.
Manufacture storage and Rule 4: Responsibility of operator
import of hazardous chemicals
rules 1989 amended 2000
MoEF notification dated March Section 8: Responsibility of waste generator
18, 2016 vide circular no
G.S.R 320(E) for Plastic
Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules
MoEF notification dated March Section 5: Responsibility of producer
23, 2016 vide circular no
G.S.R 338(E) for e-waste
(Management) Rules
MoEF notification dated April Section 4: Responsibilities of the occupier for management
4, 2016 vide circular no G.S.R of hazardous and other wastes
338(E) for Hazardous and Section 6: Grant of authorisation for managing hazardous
Other Wastes (Management and other wastes
and Transboundary Section 8: Storage of hazardous and other wastes
Movement) Rules, 2016 Section 9: Utilisation of hazardous and other wastes
MoEF notification dated April Section 4: Duties of waste generators
8, 2016 vide circular no G.S.R
1357(E) for Solid Waste
Management Rules, 2016Solid
Waste Management Rules,
2016

Proposed project shall be designed taking into account the above-referred

legislations/rules and as per the directives of Environmental Clearance documents.
Besides this the proposed effluent and emission standards will also be compiled for this
Project. During the design stage, all piping and instrumentation diagrams and plant
layout shall be reviewed as a part of HAZOP/HAZAN studies to assess the risks
involved.

The mitigation measures for the potential negative impacts anticipated from the
proposed project and environmental monitored schedule are described in this chapter.

It shall be the responsibility of overall Project-in-charge in consultation with technical

service team to ensure that all of the mitigation measures as per EIA report and EC
conditions are implemented and effectively monitored.

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10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The overall impact of the pollution on the environment during construction phase
is localized in nature, reversible and is for a short period. Various measures
planned for management of various components of environment are given in
subsequent sections.

10.2.1 Air Environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Low)

 Preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.
 Vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates to be used.
 Unnecessary engine operations to be minimized.
 Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved
sites.
 Controlled vehicle speed on site.
 Vehicle to be covered during transportation of material
 Providing dust collection equipment at all possible points
 Following care would be taken for management of air quality during
construction phase

- The storage and handling of soil, sub-soil, topsoil and materials will be
carefully managed to minimize the risk of wind blow down material and
dust
- There will be no on-site burning of any waste arising from any
construction activity.
- Dust masks should be provided to construction workers, while carrying
out operations that may entails potential for dust generation.

10.2.2 Water environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Consumption of water - Low)

 Sewage and grey water from construction camps and work sites.
 Cleaning and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area.
 During construction phase, used construction water is the only effluent
generated due to construction activities and most of the effluent generated will
be so small that it will either get percolated to ground or get evaporated.

Construction phase (Impact significance: Generation of effluent - Low)

 Monitoring water usage at construction camps to prevent wastage.

 Ensuring there are no chemical or fuel spills at water body crossings.
 Marginal additional sanitary water will be collected and disposed through tankers
using gully suckers to common waste treatment facility.
 Usage of existing toilets for construction staff.

Rainwater Harvesting

Considering the climatic conditions and the scarce surface as well as groundwater
availability in the region, state of the art rain water harvesting system is strongly
recommended in the proposed project. The run-off from the most of the paved
surfaces could be routed through a suitably designed storm water drainage
system and collected in storm water collection sump. For augmenting the ground
water resources in the proposed plant premises, number of rainwater harvesting

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wells could be constructed with internal drains where excess rain water flowing in
drain could be diverted to rain water storage sumps for reuse.

To facilitate water harvesting, collection and storage of rainwater, the rain water
storage system needs to be located at an appropriate location on the site keeping
in view the slope contours and collection point. Provision should also be made for
temporary collection of storm water and routing it to the water harvesting
structures to recharge the ground water table. The designing of the system
depends on various factors and needs to be undertaken during detailed
engineering design of the project. The existing practice of rainwater storage by
local villagers in the region may be studied for its implementation. Guidance from
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) could be taken for finalization of
appropriate rain water harvesting technology. However, it must be ensured that
these wells will be utilized only during monsoon and no wastewater should find
way to these wells during operation phase of the proposed project.

10.2.3 Land environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Land use & topography - Low, Soil
quality - Low)

 Sufficient protective measures shall be adopted to avoid soil erosion during

construction in the rainy season.
 Restricting all construction activities to the maximum possible extent inside
the project boundary.
 The top-soil soil stock pile is not contaminated with any type of spills.
 Any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on
approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or
natural water drainage.
 After final site grading is complete, ensuring that the excess excavated
material is not dumped indiscriminately but used for filling low lying areas
construction by locals.
 Developing project specific waste management plan
 Developing and maintaining dedicated waste storage areas

10.2.4 Noise environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Low)

 Preventive maintenance of equipment and vehicles
 Unnecessary engine operations to be minimized (e.g. equipment with
intermitted use) or switched off when not working)
 DG sets to be provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers.

10.2.5 Biological environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Low)

 Avoid cutting of tress wherever possible, especially the endangered species
observed in the study area.
 Exploring opportunities for conservation of endangered species.
 Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.
 Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic.
 Training of drivers to maintain speed limits and avoid road-kills.

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10.2.6 Socio-economic environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Low)

 Training contractors on company safety policy requirements
 Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles within the project area
 Determine of the safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used
by heavy vehicles and machinery.
 Upgrading local roads, wherever required, to ensure ease of project activity and
community safety
 Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever
feasible, to minimize flow of traffic
 Minimizing interruption of access to community use of public infrastructure
 Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked,
even temporarily.
 Monitoring construction camp safety and hygiene
 Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites
 Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those
responsible for security
 Project-related waste and wastewater is disposed in a responsible manner

The approximate manpower requirement will be as follows:

During Construction Phase: It is envisaged to generate direct employment for

approx. 5 nos. persons and indirect employment for approx. 1000 persons due to
the proposed capacity expansion project. The contractual workers will be
preferably recruited locally.

10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE

The overall impact of the pollution on the environment during operation phase is
localized in nature, non-reversible and is for a long period. Various measures
planned for management of various components of environment are given in
subsequent sections.

10.3.1 Air Environment

Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)

 Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.
 Monitoring of air polluting concentrations.

10.3.2 Water environment

Operation phase (Impact significance: Consumption of water -Low, Generation of

effluent - Low)
 Tracking of consumption.
 Development of rainwater harvesting pits
 Effective utilization of water
 Zero liquid discharge concept to be adopted.

10.3.3 Land environment

Operation phase (Impact significance: Soil quality - Low)

 Developing and maintaining dedicated waste storage areas for waste cans,
drums etc.

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10.3.4 Noise environment

Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)

 Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise
areas.
 Provision of ear muffs at the high noise areas
 Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

10.3.5 Biological environment

Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)

 Development of greenbelt is of prime importance due to their capacity to
reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for
providing food and habitat for local macro and micro fauna.
 Survival rate of the planted trees should be closely monitored and the trees,
which could not survive should be replaced by more tolerant native species.
 Social awareness program about the importance of conservation of flora and
fauna especially medicinal plants, rare and endangered species and their
ecological role need to be conducted.
 Plantation and maintenance of additional trees during operation phase.

10.3.6 Socio-economic environment

Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)

 Employment opportunity may be provided to local people during operation
phase considering their skills and abilities as per procedures & practices
adopted by company.
 It must be ensured that the agricultural activity near the project sites must not
get affected.
 Required collaboration between project authority and local bodies is necessary
for the smooth functioning of the project as well as for the progress of the
region.
 Facilities like education, medical transportation sanitation can be improved in
rural areas.
 For all the social welfare activities to be undertaken by the project authorities,
collaboration should be sought with the local administrations viz. Gram
Panchayat, C.D. Block office etc. for better co-ordination and also to reach to
the public.
 Sanitation facilities in rural areas can be improvised.
 Health camps for general health, eye check-up, family planning, health
awareness should be conducted for the rural people.
 Communication with the local community should be institutionalized & done on
regular basis by the project authorities to provide as opportunity for mutual
discussion.
 Project authorities should organize regular environmental awareness
programmes to bring & environmental management measures being
undertaken for improving their quality of life.

For social welfare activities to be undertaken by the project authorities collaboration

may be sought with local administration gram panchayat block development office
etc for better co-ordination.

The approximate manpower requirement will be as follows:

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Direct employment for approx. 10 people and indirect employment for approx. 10
persons is envisaged during the operation phase. The contractual workers will be
preferably recruited locally.

10.4 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The resultant ambient air quality levels after the operation of the plant will be within
the prescribed limits; impact on flora and fauna is not envisaged. The following
recommendations are suggested for further implementation:
 Clearing of existing vegetation should be kept to minimum and should be done
only when absolutely necessary;
 Plantation programme should be undertaken in all available areas. This should
include plantation in the expanded areas, along the roads, on solid waste dump
yards etc;
 Use of biogas, solar energy, should be encouraged both at individual and at
society levels; and
 Plantation should be done along the roads, without affecting plant operational
safety. This will not only improve the flora in the region but will add to the
aesthetics of the region.
10.4.1 Greenbelt Development Plan

An area of 33% of the total plot area has been already developed for green
cover/belt. IOLPL has earmarked 42.24 ha out of 128 ha for green cover/belt
development. IOLPL will continue to carry out green belt/ cover in available spaces.
EIL has made a detailed greenbelt plan and suggested plant species for future
plantation purpose. A budget of Rs. 15 Lakhs is allocated for plantation activities.
IOLPL will plant and look after the planted species taking suggestions of appropriate
consultant for greenbelt development.

Existing Greenbelt Area

Green belt area: 42.24 acres.

No. of trees in green belt area: 13600 Nos (Approx)

Tree species: 30 Nos

Planted tree species names:

1. Spethodia Companuleta
2. Tebubia Rosia
3. Tebubia Avalanta
4. Tespicia Populania
5. Albizia Elbbeck
6. Philtophorum
7. Terminalia Catappa (Badam)
8. Ficus Venghalensis
9. Sizinium Cumini (Naval)
10. Tebubia Argenesisa
11. Cashia Fistula
12. Cashia Nodosa
13. Cashia javanica
14. Bhahunia Furcuria
15. Legostromia

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16. Cardia sebestinia

17. Aegle Marmeloes (vilvam)
18. Hardwickia vanata
19. Mimuso elangi
20. Terminalia Arjuna
21. Melia dubia
22. Jelinia africana
23. Samanya saman (Raintree)
24. Simarupa glaca
25. Anacardium Ocidental
26. Bhaunia parpuria
27. Milingtonia hartensis
28. Azadirachta indica
29. Pungamia Glabra
30. Gulmohar

Photos of existing green belt/ plantation are given below:

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Figure 10.1 Photos of existing green belt/plantation

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10.4.2 Guidelines for plantation

The plant species identified for greenbelt development will be planted using pitting
technique. The pit size will be either 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm or 60 cm x 60 cm x 60
cm. Bigger pit size is preferred on marginal and poor quality soils. Soil proposed to be
used for filling the pit will be mixed with well decomposed farm yard manure or
sewage sludge at the rate of 2.5 kg (on dry weight basis) and 3.6 kg (on dry weight
basis) for 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm and 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm size pits respectively.
The filling of soils will be completed at least 5 - 10 days before the actual plantation.
Healthy seedlings of identified species will be planted in each pit.
10.4.3 Species Selection

Based on the regional background and soil quality, greenbelt will be developed. In
greenbelt development, monocultures are not advisable due to its climatic factor and
other environmental constrains. Greenbelt with varieties of species is preferred to
maintain species diversity, rational utilization of nutrients and for maintaining health of
the trees. Prepared in this way, the greenbelt will develop a favorable microclimate to
support different micro- organisms in the soil and as a result of which soil quality will
improve further.

During the course of survey, it has been observed that the soil quality of the plant site
is fairly good and can support varieties of dry deciduous plant species for greenbelt
development. Manure and vermin-compost may be mixed with the soil used for filling
the pit for getting better result for survival of plant species. Adequate watering is to
be done to background, extent of pollution load, soil quality, rainfall, temperature and
human interactions, a number of species have been suggested to develop greenbelt
inside the IOLPL plant premises. These species can be planted in staggering
arrangements within the plant premises. Some draught resistant plant species have
been identified which can be planted for greenbelt development if sufficient water is
not available (CPCB book on Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts). The suitable
species for greenbelt development program are given in Table 10.2 to maintain the
growth of young seedlings.

Table 10.2 Suggested species for plantation in greenbelt development

Sl. Binomial name Family Type of planting

No.
1. Anthocephaluscadamba Rubiaceae All areas
2. Alstoniascholaris Apocynaceae All areas
3. Bambusaarundinaceae Poaceae Plant Boundary
limits
4. Bambusa vulgaris Poaceae Plant Boundary
limits
5. Calophylluminophyllum Clusiaceae All areas
6. Couroupitaguianensis Lecythidaceae All areas
7. Hibiscus tiliaceous Malvaceae All areas
8. Lagerstroemia reginae Lythraceae All areas
9. Bassialatifolia Sapotaceae All areas
10. Ailanthesexcelsa Simaroubaceae Avenue trees
11. Mangiferaindica Anacardiaceae Avenue trees
12. Manilkarahexandra Sapotaceae All areas
13. Mimusopselengi Sapotaceae All areas
14. Plumeriaacuminata Apocynaceae Plant Boundary
limits

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Sl. Binomial name Family Type of planting

No.
15. Plumeria alba Apocynaceae Plant Boundary
limits
16. Plumeriarubra Apocynaceae Plant Boundary
limits
17. Syzygiumcumini Myrtaceae All areas
18. Terminaliaarjuna Combretaceae Avenue trees
19. Terminaliacatappa Combretaceae All areas
20. Thespesiapopulnea Malvaceae All areas
21. Ficusbenghalensis Moraceae Avenue trees
22. Ficusreligiosa Moraceae Avenue trees
23. Ficusracemosa Moraceae Avenue trees
24. Ficusmicrocarpa Moraceae Avenue trees
25. Murrayapaniculata Rutaceae All areas
26. Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae All areas
27. Tectona Grandis Verbenaceae Avenue trees
28. Cassia siamea Caesalpiniaceae Avenue trees
29. Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Avenue trees

The species suggested here are commonly seen in and around the project area, fast
growing and drought resistant. Seedlings / saplings of these species can be easily
procured from local nurseries. The selection of plant species for the green belt
development depends on various factors such as climate, elevation and soil. The
plants suggested for green belt were selected based on the following desirable
characteristics.

 Fast growing and providing optimum penetrability.

 Evergreen with minimal litter fall.
 Wind-firm and deep rooted.
 The species will form a dense canopy.
 Indigenous and locally available species.
 Trees with high foliage density, larger of leaf sizes and hairy on
surfaces.
 Ability to withstand conditions like inundation and drought.
 Soil improving plants, such as nitrogen fixing plants, rapidly
decomposable leaf litter.
 Attractive appearance with good flowering and fruit bearing.
 Bird and insect attracting plant species.
 Sustainable green cover with minimal maintenance.
 Species which can trap/sequester carbon.

10.4.4 Phase wise Greenbelt Development Plan

Greenbelt will be developed in a phase wise manner right from the construction
phase of the proposed project. In the first phase along with the start of the
construction activity all along the plant boundary, open space areas, and major
roads will be planted. In the second phase the office building like Canteen,
Administrative building, Fire Safety office area and other constructed buildings will
be planted. In the third phase when all the construction activity is complete
plantation will be taken up in the gap areas of plant area, around different units, in
stretch of open land and along other connecting roads, parks.

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The total construction period is 36 months from the date of starting of construction.
The first phase of the plantation programme will start immediately with the start of
construction and run upto 18 months. The second phase will start after 18 months
and continue upto 36 months.

10.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The overall impact of the pollution on the environment during construction phase is
localised in nature and is for a short period at all sites. In order to develop effective
mitigation plan, it is important to conceive the specific activities during construction
phase causing environmental impact.

All the construction activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPCM
contractor. It is mandatory for EPCM contractor to develop site/project specific HSE
Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete EPCM phase of the
project. The various HSE requirements/Deliverables that will be developed is given
in Table 10.3.

Table10.3 Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase

Element of HSE
S.No. HSE Requirements/Deliverables
Management System
Development of Principal Environmental Flow
1.0 Preservation
Diagram and Environmental Balance
2.0 Progress HSE Measurement Requirements
Implementation Plan for Environmental
3.0 Durable Development Management Plan indicated in Final EIA report
(Approved by MoEFCC)
4.0 Regulation Environmental Philosophy & Safety Philosophy
Prevention and Proactive Implementation of findings of Risk Assessment
5.0
Management of Risk Study
6.0 Continuous Improvement
6.1 HSE Close out Report
6.2 HSE Audit Requirements
6.3 Project HSE Review
7.0 Formation and Sensitisation HSE Training Requirements
Information and
8.0
Communication
8.1 HSE Communication Requirements
8.2 HSE Resources
8.3 Competency Requirements
8.4 HSE Documentation
8.5 HSE Records
8.6 HSE Procedures
HSE Management System
9.0 Responsibilities
Requirements

10.5.1 Air Quality

As mentioned in Chapter-4, there will be minimal increase in particulate matter

levels in ambient air during construction of proposed activities.

All the major dust generation construction activities will be regularly planned and
controlled under the supervision of HSE Manager. Records will be documented for
the ambient air quality monitored before and during all dust generation
construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by

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HSE manager as appropriate. All such records will be reviewed for corrective and
preventive action.

10.5.2 Noise Quality

Ambient noise levels measured at various locations within the study area are
found within limits. All the major noise generation construction activities will be
regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HSE Manager. As
indicated in Table 10.3, Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient
noise monitored before and during all noise generation construction activities.
Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HSE manager as
appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 10.3 of Sl. No. 6.3, all such records will be
reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

10.5.3 Water Quality

All the major water consumption and waste water generation construction
activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HS
Manager. As indicated in Table 6.3 of S. No. 8.5 HSE records will be documented
for the total water used for construction and wastage of the same shall be
monitored before and during all such construction activities. Necessary control
and management will be taken at site by HSE manager as appropriate. Also as
indicated in Table 6.3 of S. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective
and preventive action.

10.5.4 Socio-economic

The presence of highly skilled labour force around the plant area will ensure the
availability of labour at construction site. This will lead to non-requirement of any
kind of temporary housing near the construction site but may put stress in the
existing transport system and traffic density. A proper traffic and man power
management may reduce this problem in a substantial way. The health records of
all construction force will be collected and will be supervised by medical in-charge
specially appointed by EPC Contractor.

Some of the measures recommended towards improvement in socio-economic

environment are suggested as follows:

a) Use of local labour to the maximum extent.

b) Provision of minimum wages for construction workers as per the Tamil Nadu
State Government Norms.
c) Strict compliance of all applicable labour laws of Centre/State Govt.
d) Adequate sanitation and drinking water facilities
e) Safety demonstration programmes, training to workers and provision of
adequate personal safety equipment.
f) Use of reliable and sound construction practices.

10.5.5 Biological Environment

The existing green belt shall be maintained inside the complex. More plantation
will be carried out in open areas depending upon availability.

10.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP IN OPERATION PHASE

All the operation activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPCM
contractor. It is mandatory for EPCM contractor to develop site/project specific
HSE Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete commissioning

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and operational phases of the project. The various HSE requirements that will be
carried out by the HSE team of the organization are listed below:

a. Review and assessment of adequacy of measures implemented as per

Environmental Management Plan, Disaster Management Plan (Onsite and
Offsite) and Emergency Preparedness Plan and all other measures
suggested by Statutory Authorities.
b. Monitoring of Environmental balance and its parameters and its compliance to
requirements specified as per statutory requirements/design requirements.
c. Mock Safety drills to assess the readiness of the control of major accidents
and hazards.
d. Conducting HSE audits and Reviews.

The environmental management plan during the operational phase of the plant
shall therefore be directed towards the following:

 Ensuring the operation of various process units as per specified operating

guidelines/operating manuals.
 Strict adherence to maintenance schedule for various
machinery/equipment.
 Good Housekeeping practices.
 Post project environmental monitoring.

10.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

For the proposed project, action plan for the implementation Health and Safety
provisions as per the Factories Act, 1948and Rules framed there under is as
shown below:

 Display of Occupational Health & Safety Policy;

 To comply with statutory legal compliance related to the OHC dept.;
 Develop Onsite and Offsite emergency plan as Emergency Procedures to
respond to Potential Emergencies;
 Schedule Regular Emergency Evacuation Drills by active participation and
evaluation as and when drill planned by safety department;
 Six monthly periodic medical examinations of all workers working with the
hazardous process;
 Reporting of all incidence and accidents by Accident & Incidence Reporting
System;
 Investigation of all incidence and accidents by Investigation Report System;
 MSDS of all chemicals of company;
 Review of first aid facility;
 Preparing first aider & its information at work place;
 Identifying training needs of all the departments;
 Awareness of Occupational Hazards & General health promotional in
workers by conducting lectures for occupational health hazards in annual
planner at training center;
 Up-keep of ambulance & OHC by maintaining records.

10.7.1 Health

In order to provide safe working environment and safeguard occupational health

and hygiene, the following measures will be undertaken:

 Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the plant employees as per
the Factories Act requirement and specific medical examination.
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 All the employees shall be trained in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE)
aspects related to their job.
 Exposure of workers to noise, particularly in areas housing equipment which
produce 85dB(A) or more will be monitored by noise decimeters. Audiometric
tests are also done at periodic intervals for all the plant employees.

Periodic medical checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at

hazardous processes is done as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.

10.8 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE AREA

10.8.1 Social Responsibility

The local population shall be supported to take up the opportunities afforded by

the increased economic activities in the area. Efforts shall be made to promote
concord with the local populace. Further, the positive perceptions of the local
people about the project shall be consolidated by enabling socio-economic
development activities such as up gradation of health facilities and educational
infrastructure in coordination/association with the local government /development
agencies in area.

10.8.2 Energy Conservation measures

Properly implemented energy saving measures may reduce considerable amount

of expenditure and emission of greenhouse gases. Various measures have been
envisaged in the Project area to conserve energy.

The suggested measures are as follows:

a) Use of CFL/LED.
b) Use of Low-pressure sodium lamps for outdoor lighting along the road and
security lighting with Solar Street Lights mix.
c) Solar lighting will be provided in the main control room and in areas where
safety related equipment are located.
d) Use of solar water heaters.
e) Automatic timing control mechanism will be incorporated in the street
lighting to save energy. Mechanism will involve staggering of on-off
sequence of street lights.
f) Designing the structures having proper ventilation and natural light.
g) The street lighting shall be controlled by staggering of putting on-off of
lights in particular sequence.

10.8.3 Use of Renewable and Alternate Source of Energy

A detailed survey of the site is carried out during environmental data collection for
use of renewable and alternate source of energy such as wind energy and solar
energy. However, based on techno-economic considerations, the following are
suggested:

a) Use of solar heaters and solar lights at public buildings such as guest
houses, canteens, hospital etc.
b) Use of solar lights for street lighting limited to 20%. The street lighting shall
be controlled by staggering of putting on-off of lights in particular
sequence.

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10.8.4 CSR Activities

Under Corporate Social Responsibility, IndianOil LNG Private Limited is

committed to work towards improvement in the living conditions of local population
near the terminal, particularly in the areas of health & hygiene, civic amenities,
infrastructure, education & training, water supply etc. Major CSR activities are
given below along with photographs.

Table 10.4 Major CSR activities carried out by IOLPL

Activity Year Details

Free Eye screening, Testing and Surgery 2018 As a part of CSR, IOLPL
camp at Athipattu village, Chennai. conducted its first Free Eye
screening, Testing and Surgery
camp conducted at Athipattu
village, Chennai on 13-06-2018.
The camp was headed by Mr.
Ramu K, Chief Executive Officer
and Mr. Chandrababu, Chief
General Manager inaugurating
the camp. A total of 166 people
participated in the camp and 59
of them were identified with
problems in vision. Out of 59
people, free Cataract Surgery
done for 9 patients, Reading
Glass provided for 14 patients
and Bifocal glasses issued for 36
patients.

Providing Public Address System to 2018 Government Higher Secondary

Government Higher Secondary School, school, Kattupalli has requested
Kattupalli IOLPL to provide Public Address
system for the school. The total
strength of the school is 200 and
they don’t have any means of
Public Address system for mass
communication. On the request,
IOLPL has provided Public
Address system comprising of
Mixer Amplifier, 2 nos. Speakers
and 2 nos. microphones at a cost
of Rs.21,045/- (Rupees Twenty
One Thousand and Forty Five
only) on 05-12-2018.
Supply of School Desk Bench to 2019 Government school, Kattupalli
Government School, Kattupalli requested IOLPL to provide desk
& benches for classes from LKG
to 5th standard. On the request

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IOLPL decide to provide desks &

benches as basic amenities like
benches, desks, toilets, safe
drinking water etc., play a key
role in ensuring attendance of
children in the schools. 55 no’s of
desks and benches were
provided to government school,
Kattupalli at a cost of Rs
2,60,485 (Rupees Two Lakhs
Sixty Thousand four hundred and
eighty five only) on 12th January
2019.
Supply of Essential Commodities to Nearby 2020 The covid-19 infectious disease
Local Villages triggered by coronavirus has
been declared as global
pandemic by the World Health
Organisation (WHO). This
contagious disease has
tremendously disrupted the
socio-economic circumstances of
the whole world. As a socially
responsible organisation IOLPL
have provided essential
commodities to 3200 families on
16th April 2020 &11th May 2020
to Local population of nearby
villages at a cost of Rs 9 lakhs.
Contribution of ₹ 10 lakhs in Covid relief 2021 Under CSR schemes to combat
fund COVID -19 and overcome the
toTiruvallurdistrictadministratortocombatthe pandemic situation prevailing to
Covid-19 pandemic Tiruvallur District, IOLPL-CEO
Mr. K. Ramu handed over Rs. 10
lakhs DD to District Administrator
Tiruvallur on 28.05.2021 along
with the presence of Mr. J.
Sivakumar COO - IOLPL & Mr.
Manivannan - General Manager -
District Industries Centre
Tiruvallur.

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Figure 10.2: CSR activities carried out by IOLPL

10.8.6 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER)

Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) refers to a company's duties to

abstain from damaging natural environments. The idea of corporate environmental
responsibility (CER) is for humans to be more aware of the environmental impact
and counteract their pollution/carbon footprint on the natural resources.

The following factors cover the environmental implications of a company's

operations:

 Eliminate waste and emissions

 Maximize the efficient use of resources and productivity
 Minimize activities that might impair the enjoyment of resources by future
generations.

Various CER activities will be carried out by IOLPL in the vicinity of proposed project
area with budget during next 3 years. Rs. 2.5 Crores has been provisioned as budget
for CER activities. The CER fund will be spent in various CER activities during 3
years of construction period like Solar Lighting/Solar pump (Irrigation) system,
Drinking Water Facilities, greenbelt development, Air quality monitoring in
surrounding area etc. in addition to the cost envisaged for the implementation of the
EIA/EMP which includes the measures for the pollution control, environmental
protection and conservation.

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10.9 ESTIMATED COST FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT PLAN

Considering all measures suggested above, cost is worked out for implementation
of environmental management plan and is given in Table 10.5 &10.6. The total
estimated budget for implementation of EMP is worked out as Rs. 40 Lakhs
towards capital cost and Rs.14 Lakhs towards recurring cost per annum.

Table 10.5: Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Capital Cost)

Sl. No. Activity Cost

(Rupees in Lakhs)
1.0 Air Environment
1.1 Plantation Activities (Trees and 15.0
Shrubs)
1.2 Online analyzers & monitoring 10.0
2.0 Noise Environment
2.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1
2.2 Audiometric tests 5.0
3.0 Water Environment
3.1 Rain water Harvesting pits 5.0
3.2 Sampling & analysis of Ground water 0.0
& surface water source
4.0 Land Environment
4.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1
4.2 Soil Sampling & analysis 5.0
5.0 Biological Environment
5.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1
Budget for EMP (Capital Cost) 40.0

Table 10.6: Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Recurring Cost per

Annum)

Sl. No. Activity Cost

(Rupees in Lakhs)
1.0 Air Environment
1.1 Additional Plantation Activities 5.0
(Trees and Shrubs)
1.2 Air quality monitoring 3.0
2.0 Noise Environment
2.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1
2.2 Audiometric tests 2.0
3.0 Water Environment
3.1 Rain water Harvesting pits 2.0
3.2 Sampling & analysis of Ground 0.0
water & surface water source
4.0 Land Environment
4.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1
4.2 Soil Sampling & analysis 2.0
5.0 Biological Environment
5.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1

Budget for EMP (Recurring Cost 14.0

per Annum)

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10.10 Quality, Safety, Health and Environmental Policy

IOLPL is having well documented Quality, Environment, Occupational Health and

Safety Policy for the workers and employees who are working in the Plant. The
HSE policy of IOLPL is given below as Figure 10.3.

Figure 10.3 HSE policy of IOLPL

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CHAPTER – 11

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

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11.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Executive Summary covers the following topics in brief:

1. Project Description
2. Description of Environment
3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures
4. Environmental Monitoring Program
5. Environment Management Plan
6. Additional studies
7. Project Benefits

11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is the largest commercial undertaking in India is
engaged in the business of refining, transportation and marketing the Petroleum products
and Regasified LNG (RLNG). IOLPL, a Joint Venture company of Indian Oil Corporation
Limited, was incorporated in the year 2015 under the Companies Act, 2013 for
implementation of Ennore LNG Import, Storage, and Re-gasification Terminal Project.
The project is having 5 MMTPA capacity with provision to expand up to 10 MMTPA inside
the Kamarajar Port (formerly known as Ennore Port), Chennai. IOLPL commenced
construction of the terminal in 2015 and completed/commenced operations in 2019.
Ennore LNG Terminal is the first LNG terminal on the eastern coast of India.

The gas demand in the Ennore catchment area expected to increase more than 5
MMTPA in 2025-26. Considering this, IOLPL proposes to augment the capacity of
existing Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMTPA to 10 MMTPA (20 MMSCMD to 40
MMSCMD). This LNG import and regasification terminal of enhanced capacity will supply
clean energy (RLNG/GAS) and shall spur industrial growth in the states of Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The re-gasified LNG will be distributed to power
generation plants, fertilizer plants and other industrial units. The gas will also be made
available for City gas distribution, including transport sector, commercial sector and for
cooking in houses (PNG – Piped Natural Gas). The proposed Ennore terminal expansion
project will involve 20 MMSCMD LNG import, storage and Regasification with some
provision of space for future expansion.

In this regard, IOLPL submitted proposal (vide Proposal No.: IA/TN/IND2/226614/202109)

dated 02 Sep 2021 to obtain Terms of Reference (TOR). Ministry of Environment, Forests
and Climate Change (MoEFCC) prescribed standard TOR (No.11-30/2011-IA.III dated 9th
September, 2021) for preparing environment impact assessment report and obtaining
Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of the EIA Notification, 2006
under activity “6(a) Oil & gas transportation pipeline (crude and refinery/petrochemical
products), passing through national parks / sanctuaries /coral reefs /ecologically sensitive
areas including LNG Terminal”. The proposed project will also require Coastal Regulatory
Zone (CRZ) clearance.

IOLPL has entrusted the task of preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
and Rapid Risk Assessment (RRA) studies of proposed Ennore Terminal extension to
M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL). EIL is an accredited consultant for carrying out EIA
studies by Quality Council of India for activity: “6(a) Oil & gas transportation pipeline
(crude and refinery/petrochemical products), passing through national parks / sanctuaries
/coral reefs /ecologically sensitive areas including LNG Terminal”.

For this proposed expansion project, no additional land is required. All the proposed
project facilities are coming up within the existing LNG Terminal complex area. Total area

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of Ennore LNG terminal is 128 acres. Existing green belt area of terminal is 42.24 acres.
The estimated cost of the Expansion Project is approximately Rs. 3,400 Crores. The
Expansion Project is expected to be completed and commissioned in 54 months.

11.2 EXISTING FACILITIES AT ENNORE LNG TERMINAL

This existing terminal receives imported LNG through LNG carriers / ships at a dedicated
LNG Berth already constructed inside Kamarajar Port and stores the same at cryogenic
temperature of (-) 162 Degree Celsius and near atmospheric pressure i.e. 180 mbar in 2
nos of above ground full containment type LNG tanks of 180000 cubic meter capacity
each. Full containment tanks are the safest tanks for LNG storage. LNG stored at (-) 162
deg C in the tank is pumped with the help of In-tank Low Pressure pumps at 10 bar to
flood the suction of High-Pressure pumps, which in turn pressurize LNG to 90 bar. LNG is
then converted into gas in the Shell and Tube type Vaporisers by indirect heating with
room temperature water-glycol mixture. The glycol is mixed with the water so that water
should not freeze and stop circulating through the equipment. The regasified LNG
(RLNG) at 90 bar pressure is then sent to the metering & send-out pipeline for
transportation to various customers through a cross country pipeline network. The
proposed project envisages expansion of existing Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMTPA
to 10 MMTPA.

The Ennore LNG terminal is currently designed considering the following sendout:

 Normal – 20 MMSCMD
 Minimum – 8 MMSCMD
 Design – 24 MMSCMD (20% overdesign)

The terminal is designed to provide sendout gas at the battery limit at the following
pressures:
 Normal operating pressure: 88 bar g
 Minimum operating pressure: 80 bar g
 Maximum pressure: 95 bar g

The send out temperature at normal operating pressure will be minimum 5oC.

11.3 OVERVIEW OF PROPOSED EXPANSION PROJECT

As part of the expansion work, 2 additional Full Containment type LNG storage tanks of
180,000 cubic meter capacity each, High Pressure LNG Pumps, Vaporizers, Atmospheric
Air Heaters, Captive Power Plant will be installed along with allied piping, civil,
instrumentation and electrical jobs apart from requisite utilities and ancillary facilities.
Piping will be fabricated with fully welded joints avoiding flange connections, thereby
reducing the risk of leakages. Boil-off gas generated in the Terminal will be converted to
liquid LNG with the help of re-condenser and sent back into the system. Safety and
integrity of the facilities is ensured through gas detection and alarm system installed in the
Terminal. The expansion project will be built in line with the international/ Indiancodes and
standards in terms of construction and safety. For expansion of the Terminal, no

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additional land is required since the additional LNG storage tanks as well as regasification
facilities will be located within the existing premises of the Terminal at Kamarajar Port,
Ennore, Tamilnadu.

The proposed configuration to augment the capacity of existing Ennore LNG Terminal
from 5 MMTPA to 10 MMTPA (20 MMSCMD to 40 MMSCMD) has the following broad
scope of the project facilities:

1. LNG Storage Tanks and associated facilities

2. Regasification facilities including Offsites and Utility Blocks

The expansion project will have the following components:

 Storage system: LNG storage tanks and Low pressure LNG pumps
 High pressure LNG pumps
 Vaporizers
 Metering system and Final Pressure Adjust
 Fuel gas / natural gas system
 Relief and drain system

Tie-ins and plot plan space will be considered to cover the future expansions.

11.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

Environmental baseline data from site was collected during March, 2022 to May, 2022 by
M/s J.P. Test & Research Center, Ghaziabad (Accredited by NABL) for Meteorology, air,
water, noise, traffic and soil environment. The description of the existing environmental
status of the study area (10 km radius area)including Socioeconomic and Biological
environment is summarized here.

11.4.1 Air Environment

Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out at 8 nos. locations. PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NOx, HC (Methane & Non Methane) CO, Benzene at eight (08) different locations during
12 weeks. A summary of the same is given in Table 11.1.

Table 11.1 Summary of Baseline data of AAQs

Particular 98thPercentile value NAAQStandard

PM10 57.8-78.7 µg/m3 100
PM2.5 26.7-39.5µg/m3 60
SO2 9.8-15.7 µg/m3 80
NOX 17.7-26.9 µg/m3 80
CO 0.47-1.04 mg/m3 02 (8 hourly)
Total HC <0.5 mg/m3 -

All parameters were found well within limits prescribed by NAAQS 2009.

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11.4.2 Water Environment:

For assessing the quality of water around the 10 km radius of the proposed plant, 12
samples were collected from the nearby villages. Out of 12 samples, six (06) samples
were collected from the surface water and the remaining six (06) samples were collected
from ground water source of the nearby villages.The analysis results for 16 locations
collected during the study period are:

The pH of the ground water samples varying from 6.68 to 8.02, which is well within the IS
10500 limits 6.5 to 8.5. Total dissolve solids (TDS) were found in the range of 1225 mg/l
to 3560 mg/l. TDS of water samples collected at Minjur and Manali were found to be
exceeding IS 10500 desirable limit 500 mg/l& permissible value of 2000mg/l. Hardness
concentration was ranging from 458 to 846 mg/l, Hardness of water samples collected at
Minjur and Manali were found to be exceeding the IS 10500 permissible limit 600 mg/l.
Chloride concentration were found in the range of 462 to 1605 mg/l. Chloride of water
samples collected at Manali were found to be exceeding the IS 10500 desirable limit 250
mg/l& permission limit 1000 mg/l.Sulphates concentration was found to be range of 108 to
246 mg/l. which is indicating that in all the ground water samples Sulphate concentration
is not exceeding the IS 10500 desirable limit 200 mg/l.

The pH of the surface water samples collected during study period is found well the
tolerance limit as per Class C with pH ranges of 6.62 to 7.43. The BOD value ranges from
3.2 mg/l to 9.4 mg/l. The Dissolved Oxygen value ranges between 6.4 mg/l to 7.2 mg/l.
The Coliforms value ranges between 3.2 x 103 to 6.3 x 103 MPN/100 ml.

11.4.3 Noise Environment:

Noise levels were monitored at 8 different locations within the study area. The hourly
recorded noise level at various locations in the study area shows fluctuations because of
change in traffic movement and other man made sources. The equivalent values of noise
levels are 49.4 dB to 58.6 dB (A) during daytime and 36.1 dB to 41.0 dB (A) during night
time during study period. However, these noise levels are found to be well within the
permissible Commercial limits (Daytime: 65 dB (A) and Nighttime: 55 dB (A)) of CPCB.

11.4.4 Soil Environment:

Soil samples were collected from 8 locations within the study area out of which one
location falls within the proposed site area. The pH of the soil extract varied from 6.29 to
7.64. In terms of soil pH the soil characteristics varied from moderately alkaline in nature.
The EC varied from 504 to 817 uS/cm. Nitrogen values ranged between 196 kg/ha to 317
kg/ha. Nitrogen in the soil is better. The Phosphorus levels ranged between 9.6 to 15.1
kg/ha indicating its presence from low to medium. Soil potassium varied from 108 to 256
kg/ha indicating its presence from low to moderate.

The texture of the soil near site is mostly Sandy Loam. Soil particle size directly involves
in deciding soil texture, porosity and infiltration capacity.

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11.4.5 Biological Environment:

The Project area is devoid of officially designated forest areas. Patches of littoral highly
denuded and degraded coastal grass and scrub with occasional trees could be seen
adjoining shoreline in some sections. The, remnant littoral forests trees is constituted of
Thespesia populnea, Lannea coromandelica, Ficus religiosa, Ficus hispida, Calophyllum
inophyllum, Morinda coreia, Syzygium cumini, Pongamia pinnata, Azadirachta indica,
Borassus flabellifer, Vitex negundo, Calamus rotang and Pandanus odoratissimus. In
most areas, the natural forests are largely replaced by casuarinas, cashew (Anacardium
occidentale) and coconut plantations. Other horticultural species including the palm
(Borassus flabellifer) and a variety of fruit trees including jack.

The terrestrial as well as the aquatic habitats of the Project area are highly modified man
made habitats with only few patches of degraded natural habitats. Wildlife in these
manmade habitats is those which are resilient to the human activities. Among mammals
only few small carnivore such as terrestrial rodents (Tatera indica), have been reported.
Among herpetofauna, flapshell turtle (Lissemys punctata), water snakes
(Xenocrophispiscator, Cerberus rhyncops and Atretium schistosum), Dog-faced water
snake (Cerberus rhynchops), and frogs (Bufo melanostictus, Polypedates maculatus,
Hoplobatrachus crassus, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Euphlyctis
hexadactylus, Limnonectes limnocharis, Microhyl aornata, Ramanella variegata,
Kaloulataprobanica and Tomopternarolandae) have been reported. Waterfowl (storks,
herons and egrets) were the most common birds in the backwater estuaries.

As per Ministry of Environment & Forests Notifications and local forest notifications, there
are no wildlife/bird sanctuaries/national parks/ biospheres in 10-km radius from plant site.

11.4.6 Socio-economic conditions:

The socio-economic aspects of the study area are assessed using Primary and
Secondary data. Secondary data was also collected from published sources like, census
data of 2011. The study of socio- economic components of environment incorporates
various features viz., demographic structure, availability of basic amenities such as
housing, education, medical facilities, drinking water facilities, post, telegraph and
telephone facilities, communication facilities, recreational, cultural facilities, approach to
villages etc. The study of these parameters helps in identifying, predicting and evaluating
the likely impacts due to the proposed project activity in that region.

The study area lies within the Tiruvallur District. The District spreads over an area of
about 3422 Sq.kms. The study area had an average family size of 3.8 persons per
household in 2011. The density of population of Tiruvallur district works out to about 1089
persons per km2. As per District wise Census 2011, the total population of Tiruvallur
District is 37,28,104, out of which 18,76,062 are male and 18,52,042 are female. The
configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 50.32% and
49.68% females of the total population. In the study area about 1.26% population belong
to Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 22.04% Scheduled Castes (SC) indicating that about
23.31% of the population in the study area belongs to socially weaker sections. As per
2011 census data. The Total Literate Population of Tiruvallur District is 27, 91, 721
showing average literacy level is 84.03 %. Out of this total population 14,95,711 are male
and 12,96,010 are female showing male literacy 89.69%.

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11.5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project during construction and
operational phases of the project on various environmental components have been
identified and are given in Table 11.2.

Table 11.2: Impact Identification Matrix

Physical Biological Socio-

economic

Ambient noise

Land (land use,

Activities

Infrastructure
drainage, soil)
topography &
surface water
Ambient air

Livelihood &
occupation
(quantity /
Ground /
quality

quality)

Fauna
Flora
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Site preparation
* * * * * *
Civil works
* * *
Heavy equipment
operations * *
Disposal of construction
wastes * * *
Generation/disposal of
sewerage * *
Transportation of materials
* *
OPERATION PHASE
Commissioning of Process
units, utilities and offsite * * *
Product handling and
storage *
Emissions &Waste
management – Air, liquid
and solid waste
* * *
Impacts have been assessed considering spatial, temporal, intensity and vulnerability
scales and its overall significance value is given in Table 11.3.

Table 11.3: Impact Assessment Summary

Environmental component Construction Operation

Air Low Low
Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Low
Generation of Effluent Low Low
Land Land use & Topography Low -
Soil Quality Low Low
Noise Low Low

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Biological Low Low

Socio-Economic Low Low

11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

11.6.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase

Impacts (Significance - Low)

 Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and movement
of vehicles on unpaved roads.
 PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel
engines of machineries and vehicles.

Mitigation Measures
 Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.
 Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used.
 Avoiding unnecessary engine operations.
 Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved sites.
 Controlled vehicle speed on site
 Ensuring vehicle are covered during transportation of material
 Only BS-VI grade diesel fuel will be used in DG sets.

Operation Phase

Impacts (Significance - Low)

 There will be no release of SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 from the proposed project.
Only small quantity of NOX emission is envisaged due to combustion of gaseous
fuel in GTG.
 The resultant NOx ambient air quality concentration is estimated as 31.5g/m3
which is well within the standard limits for 24 hourly average for industrial area
i.e. 80 g/m3.

Mitigation measures
 Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.
 Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.
 Developing/ maintaining peripheral green belt in the proposed plant premises.
 Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) will be in place to mitigate any fugitive
emission from storage etc.

11.6.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase

Impacts (Significance –Low)

 Water requirement for construction phase will be 200 KLD approximately and will be
met from local resources.
 The effluent streams will be generated regularly that will comprise ofSewage, grey
water from site areaand washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area.
Mitigation Measures
 Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage.

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Operation Phase

Impacts (Significance –Low)

 For proposed project treated water requirement is 10 m3/hr. The water will be used
mainly for service water, fire water make up, horticulture and drinking water.
 Water will be generated in-house from atmosphere.

Mitigation Measures

 Tracking of treated water consumption through water meters.

 Installation of rainwater harvesting structures.
 Maximum Utilization of Treated Water.
 Zero liquid discharge concept to be adopted.

11.6.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase
Impacts (Significance –Low)
Noise generation due to operation of heavy equipment and machinery, movement of
heavy vehicles in site preparation and civil works.

Mitigation Measures
 Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles.
 Avoiding unnecessary engine operations (e.g. equipments with intermitted use
switched off when not working).
 Ensuring DG sets, Air compressor sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and
exhaust mufflers.

Operation Phase

Impacts (Significance –Low)

Noise level measurements were carried out in day and night times at numerous locations
around the existing operating units within the plant complex. No additional impact is
envisaged.

Mitigation Measures
 Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas.
 Provision of ear muffs at the high noise areas
 Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

11.6.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase
Impacts (Significance –Low)
 Generation of debris/construction material, but being the modifications limited to
existing area, the generation of such waste shall be minimal.

Mitigation Measures
 Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary.
 Ensuring the top soil is not contaminated with any type of spills.
 Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on
approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural
water drainage.
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 Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling
plan for the construction phase.

Operation Phase

Impacts (Significance – Low)

From the proposed project, no solid waste and liquid wastewater generation are
envisaged.

Mitigation Measures
 Littering of used drums, cans, bottles etc. at the site will be barred.
 For temporary storage of these will provided in earmarked place only.

11.6.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase
Impacts (Significance –Low)
The proposed facilities are to be developed in the land owned by IOLPL. The project site
does not harbor any fauna of importance. Therefore, the impact of construction activities on
fauna will be insignificant.

Mitigation Measures:
 Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.
 Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic and hazardous waste.
 Training of drivers to maintain speed limits.

Operation Phase
Impacts (Significance – Low)
The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be limited.
Already 33% green belt/ cover area is maintained inside the complex.

Mitigation measures
 Plant trees during operation phase as per greenbelt development plan as per land
availability.
 Proper maintenance of green belt developed which provides food and habitat for
local macro and micro fauna.
 Survival rate of the planted trees should be closely monitored.

11.6.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase
Impacts (Significance – Low)
 The construction phase is expected to span for about three years. During this phase,
the major socio-economic impact will be in the sphere of generation of temporary
employment of a number of personnel. It is envisaged togenerate direct employment
for approx. 5 nos. persons and indirect employment for approx. 1000 persons due to
the proposed capacity expansion project during construction phase.
 Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement
of both the personnel and materials.
 An impact on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical
facilities for the temporary workers and truck drivers.
 The majority of skilled and unskilled laborers are available in the impact area itself, the
incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal.

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Mitigation measures
 Conducting awareness programmes for workers.
 Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles
 Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy
vehicles and machinery.
 Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week
will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large
turningrequirements of certain vehicles/machineries that might increase congestion
and traffic hazards.
 Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever
feasible, to minimize flow of traffic.
 Minimizing interruption of access to community for use of public infrastructure
 Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even
temporarily.
 Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites
 Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for
security.
Operation Phase
Impacts (Significance – Low)
 Employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure.
 Transport requirements will arise due to the movement of both the personnel and
materials.
 Direct employment for approx. 10 people and indirect employment for approx. 10
persons is envisaged during the operation phase.
Mitigation measures
 Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles.
 Employment opportunity may be provided to local people during operation phase
considering their skills and abilities as per procedures & practices adopted by
company.
 The facilities like education, medical, transportation, sanitation need to be
strengthened under social welfare activity or CSR Program.

11.7 BUDGET FORENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

Considering all EMP measures suggested above, cost is worked out for implementation
of environmental management plan and is given in Table 11.4. The total estimated
budget for implementation of EMP is worked out as Rs. 40 Lakhs towards capital cost and
Rs. 14 Lakhs towards recurring cost per annum.

Table 11.4: Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Capital Cost)

Sl. No. Activity Cost

(Rupees in Lakhs)
1.0 Air Environment
1.1 Plantation Activities (Trees and 15.0
Shrubs)
1.2 Online analyzers & monitoring 10.0
2.0 Noise Environment
2.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1
2.2 Audiometric tests 5.0
3.0 Water Environment
3.1 Rain water Harvesting pits 5.0

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3.2 Sampling & analysis of Ground water 0.0

& surface water source
4.0 Land Environment
4.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1
4.2 Soil Sampling & analysis 5.0
5.0 Biological Environment
5.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1
Budget for EMP (Capital Cost) 40.0

11.8 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

11.8.1 RAPIDRISK ASSESSMENT

RRA involves identification of various potential hazards & credible or reasonably

believable failure scenarios for various units based on their frequency of occurrence &
resulting consequence.

The detailed consequence analysis of release of hydrocarbon in case of major credible

scenarios are modeled in terms of release rate, dispersion, flammability and toxic
characteristics have been carried out for the following cases:

a) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Discharge of Intank LP Pump

b) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge
c) Flange Leakage (10mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge
d) Flange Joint Leak (10mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet
e) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet
f) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet
g) 10mm leak at Loading Arms (near Gantry Area
h) Loading Arms Rupture (~75 mm)
i) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Metering Yard
j) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Hot Oil Pump Discharge

Based on the findings, suitable recommendations for mitigation of the hazard/risk have
been suggested.

11.8.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE &DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Emergency planning is an integral part of the overall loss control programme and is
essential for our organization. The same is important for effective management of an
accident to minimize the losses to the people and property, both in and around the facility.
The important aspect in emergency management is to prevent by technical and
organizational measures, the unintentional escape of hazardous materials out of the
facility and minimize accidents and losses. Emergency planning demonstrates the
organizational commitment to the safety of employees and increases our organization’s
safety awareness.

IOLPL has already prepared Emergency Response & Disaster Management Plan
document for Ennore Terminal complex. The Emergency Response & Disaster

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Management Plan has been prepared as per Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory
Board Act, 2006 and as per PNGRB amendment regulations dated17thSeptember, 2020.
The ERDMP has been prepared based on the “The Gazette of India: Extraordinary
Notification [F. No PNGRB/Tech/19-ERDMP/ (1)/2020]”. Clause No. 3(da) – “Natural gas
storage facilities including LNG terminals” of PNGRB regulations are applicable for
ERDMP of IOLPL terminal.

The Emergency Response Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP) describes the

organizational structure, facilities, equipment, services and infrastructure necessary to
respond to the emergency situation which could have on-site as well as off-site
implications at receipt, storage and dispatch points. The ERDMP covers all emergencies
relating to operations and maintenance, personnel, properties including serious
accidents, explosions, floods, fire and bomb threat, etc. as mentioned in the regulations.
This plan also applies to those government agencies that are responsible for emergency
response within the immediate area surrounding the facilities and those agencies,
organizations, contractors and the facilities providing assistance to IOLPL terminal in the
event of an emergency.

Due to the proposed expansion project, the existing ERDMP document will be updated
during it’s detailed engineering stage as per Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory
Board Act, 2006 and as per PNGRB amendment regulations dated 17th September,
2020. The following information will be incorporated in the updated ERDMP:

A. Brief Description of Plant Processes & List of the Chemicals/Hydrocarbons and

their Inventories.
B. Hazard Identification & Risk Analysis including Individual Risk & Societal Risk
Per Annum Based on QRA/RRA.
C. Listing out Onsite & Offsite Emergency Scenarios based on Consequence
Analysis.
D. Emergency Mitigation Measures including information of Design, Inbuilt Safety
System, Fire Prevention & Protection System.
E. Procedures for Onsite & Offsite Mock Drills.
F. Response procedures for Identified Onsite & Offsite Scenarios.
G. Emergency infrastructures like Emergency Control Centre, Assembly Points,
Emergency Shelters etc.
H. Proposed resources for controlling emergency including medical facilities.
I. Procedure for information to public/society
J. Reporting procedure of Incidents to various Stakeholders.
K. Process Flow Diagram, Site Layout Plan, MSDS, Important Telephones
Numbers Internal & External etc.

11.8.3 COASTAL REGULATION ZONE (CRZ) STUDY

Institute of Remote Sensing- Anna University, Chennai has carried out CRZ study and
preparation of CRZ maps on approved CZMP as per CRZ Notification 2011for the
Proposed Expansion of LNG Regasification Plant at Puzhuthivakkam Village, Ponneri

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Taluk, Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu. The High Tide Line (HTL), Low Tide Line (LTL),
Ecologically sensitive areas along with setback lines indicated in approved
CZMP(Approved CZMP map No: TN 111) prepared as per CRZ Notification 2011 were
superimposed on to geo-referenced cadastral map to prepare a local level CRZ map at
1:4,000.

Objectives of CRZ study:

 Identification of HTL, LTL indicated in approved CZMP near proposed project

activities by conducting field survey using DGPS survey.
 Mapping of ecologically sensitive entities such as Mangroves, Turtle breeding
grounds, etc., indicated in approved CZMP near project site
 Superimposition of HTL,LTL, Ecologically Sensitive Areas along with project layout
details on to the geo-referenced cadastral map
 Preparation of Coastal Regulation Zones by mapping setback lines as per CRZ
Notification from HTL in the vicinity of project site.

Coordinates of HTL reference points:

Project Plant Site Coordinates:

The above coordinates were superimposed on approved CZMP (approved by MOEF,

Government of India, New Delhi), published by Tamil Nadu state CZMA(TNCZMA) in the
year 2018.Project Site falls in various CRZ categories such as CRZ - III (200m to 500m
from HTL) and Outside CRZ, as per approved CZMP. CRZ zone classification for IOLPL-
Ennore Terminal is provided below:

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Table 11.5: CRZ Zones for the proposed project

11.9 PROJECT BENEFITS

In a bid to move to gas-based economy, Government of India (GoI) has been focusing on
increasing the gas share in the energy mix to 15 percent from the current 6 percent by the
year 2030. There is also a push to establish national gas grid and has already notified
unified tariff structure with the aim to reduce the cost of natural gas for users far away
from the source of natural gas and / or LNG terminal. This would act as a catalyst in
boosting the consumption of natural gas in the country. The demand for RLNG in the
catchment area of Ennore LNG Terminal, is expected to increase beyond 5 MMTPA by
2025-26. The additional gas demand in the catchment area would be on account of new
gas based Power Plants and switching of existing Power Plants to RLNG. There will also
be an increase in RLNG demand due to development of CGD networks in the districts of
Tamil Nadu as well as Puducherry. There is also a potential demand of LNG from the
neighbouring countries viz. Myanmar, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka through LNG break
bulking operations and offering ancillary services like gassing up & cooling down, LNG
bunkering, etc. Considering the time and efforts required for construction of new storage
tanks and the requirement of enhanced regasification capacity of the Terminal, Ennore
LNG terminal has planned for the Expansion Project to cater to additional gas demand of
the customers in Ennore catchment area in future.

The proposed project would generate some direct and indirect employment opportunities
during construction and operation phases. Additional manpower is envisaged for the
project. Also local skilled and unskilled labour will be required during construction and
operation phase. Improvement in the overall socio-economic status of the vicinity of
project area, in the thematic areas of health, education, livelihood and infrastructure is
expected. Expansion of gas infrastructure would improve the quality of life of local people
by bringing in more direct / indirect employment opportunities. New industries / power
plants planned to be set up based on gas will benefit from this terminal and hence likely
to cause less pollution than that of coal based power plants. Social Development is an
important component of any project taken by IOLPL through CSR and CER activities.

11.10 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER)

Various CER activities will be carried out by IOLPL in the vicinity of proposed project area
with budget during next 3 years. Rs. 2.5 Crores has been provisioned as budget for CER
activities. The CER fund will be spent in various CER activities during 3 years of
construction period like Solar Lighting/Solar pump (Irrigation) system, Drinking Water
Facilities, greenbelt development, Air quality monitoring in surrounding area etc. in
addition to the cost envisaged for the implementation of the EIA/EMP which includes the
measures for the pollution control, environmental protection and conservation.

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CHAPTER-12

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

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12.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Name of Organization: Engineers India Limited

Address: HOD (EIA, Sustainability & Water Department)

Environment, Water & Safety (EWS)Division
Tower-I, Ground floor,
R&D Centre, Engineers India Limited,
Gurugram(On NH-8),
Haryana-122001
Telephone No. :0124-2891235
Email:[email protected]

12.2 ESTABLISHMENT

Engineers India Limited (EIL) was established in 1965 to provide engineering and
related services for Petroleum Refineries and other industrial projects. Over the years, it
has diversified into and excelled in various fields. EIL has emerged as Asia's leading
design, engineering and turnkey contracting company in Petroleum Refining,
Petrochemicals, Pipelines, Onshore Oil & Gas, Mining & Metallurgy, Offshore Oil & Gas,
Terminals & Storages and Infrastructure. EIL provides a wide range of design,
engineering, procurement, construction supervision, commissioning assistance and
project management as well as EPC services. It also provides specialist services such
as heat & mass transfer equipment design, environment engineering, information
technology, specialist materials and maintenance, plant operations & safety including
HAZOPS & Risk Analysis, refinery optimization studies and yield & energy optimization
studies.

Engineers India has earned recognition for jobs executed in India and several countries
of West Asia, North Africa, Europe and South East Asia including Algeria, Bahrain,
Kuwait, Korea, Malaysia, Norway, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, UAE and Vietnam.EIL
is diversifying into the areas of Water & Waste Management, Nuclear Power, Thermal
and Solar Power and City Gas Distribution.

EIL has its head office in New Delhi, regional engineering offices in Gurugram, Chennai,
Kolkata and Vadodara and a branch office in Mumbai. It has inspection offices at all
major equipment manufacturing locations in India and a wholly owned subsidiary

Certification Engineers International Ltd. (CEIL) for undertaking independent certification

&third party inspection assignments. Outside India, EIL has offices in Abu Dhabi (UAE),
London, Milan and Shanghai and a wholly owned subsidiary, EIL Asia Pacific Sdn. Bhd.
(EILAP) in Malaysia. EIL has also formed a joint venture Jabal EILIOT with IOTL & Jabal
Dhahran for tapping business opportunities in Saudi Arabia.

Backed by its unmatched experience, EIL enjoys a high professional standing in the
market and is known as a versatile and competent engineering company that can be
relied upon for meeting the clients' requirements. Quality Management System with

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respect to EIL's services conforms to ISO 9001:2008 The Design Offices are equipped
with state-of-the-art computing systems, design tools and infrastructure.

12.3 EIL’S VISION

To be a world-class globally competitive EPC and total solutions Consultancy

Organization.

12.4 EIL’SMISSION

 Achieve „Customer delight‟ through innovative, cost effective and value added
consulting and EPC services.

 To maximize creation of wealth, value and satisfaction for stakeholders with high
standards of business ethics and aligned with national policies.

12.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL

 Benchmark to learn from superior role models.

 Nurture the essence of Customer Relationship and bonding.
 Foster Innovation with emphasis on value addition.
 Integrity and Trust as fundamental to functioning.
 Thrive upon constant Knowledge updation as a Learning organization.
 Passion in pursuit of excellence.
 Quality as a way of life.
 Collaboration in synergy through cross-functional Team efforts.
 Sense of ownership in what we do.

12.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL

 Enhance customer satisfaction through continuous improvement of our

technologies, work processes, and systems and total compliance with
established quality management system.
 Consistently improve the quality of products /services with active participation of
committed and motivated employees and feedback from stakeholders.
 Provide added value to customers through timely and cost effective
services/deliverables.
 Ensure total compliance with applicable health, safety and environment
requirements during design and delivery of products to enrich quality of life.
12.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL

 EIL is committed to conduct its business operations ensuring compliance with

Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) requirements of its customers, applicable
codes, standards, procedures, engineering practices as well as legal statutory
requirements.

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 EIL aims to minimize Environmental Impact of its operations by conserving

resource, reducing waste generation and preventing pollution across its areas of
operations.
 EIL endeavors to identify HSE risks of its operations and mitigate the same to
prevent injuries and ill health to the stakeholders involved in its activities.
 While developing Culture and promoting HSE awareness across the
Organization, EIL regularly reviews its performance for continual improvement in
HSE management system with due consultation and participation of its
employees and concerned stakeholders.

12.8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EIL

 Ensure compliance with applicable environmental requirements/ regulations

during design and delivery of products / service and our operations.
 Consider environmental impact in decision making processes.
 Promote/develop green technologies for sustainable development.
 Promote environmental awareness among all employees.
 Adopt the adage-reduce, reuse and recycle in all our operations.

12.9 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL

 EIL is committed to effective management of risks across the organization by

aligning its risk management strategy to its business objectives through
 Instituting a risk management structure for timely identification, assessment,
mitigating, monitoring and reporting of risks.
 Risk management at EIL is the responsibility of every employee both individually
as well as collectively.

The present EIA report has been prepared by EIL, an engineering and consultancy
organization in the country. EIL has been preparing regularly EIA / EMP reports for
different projects. The environmental Engineering Division of EIL has carried out more
than 300 numbers of Environmental Impact Assessment projects.

12.10 DETAILS OF CONSULTANT’S ACCREDITATION

National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) - under the
Accreditation Scheme for EIA Consultant Organizations has accredited EIL as an EIA
consultant for 13 EIA Sectors, vide NABET notification dated 21.12.20 and certification
No.- NABET/EIA/1922/RA 0189_Rev.01 which is valid till 22.11.2023. The list of sectors
for which the accreditation has been accorded by NABET is given in Figure - 12.1. The
same can also be referred from the NABET website “https://nabet.qci.org.in/eia.php”, by
following the link - EIA Accreditation Scheme – Accreditation Register – Accredited
Consultant.

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Figure. 12.1: EIL Accreditation Certificate by NABET

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12.11 Details of EIA Coordinators (EC) :

Details of EIA Coordinator (For Sector 27 as per NABET Scheme & Category 6 (a) as
per MoEFCC- 2006 EIA Notification) are as follows:

Name: Mr. Parveen Kumar Goel

Contact: Mob - 9891305309
Email: [email protected]

12.12 Details of Functional Area Experts (FAE’s) &Team Members (TM’s):

a) FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS:

Functional Name of the

Involvement (Period &Task)
Areas Experts
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Identification of storage and disposal of solid and
Parveen
SHW hazardous waste for the proposed plant. Finalization of
Kumar Goel
Environmental Monitoring Plan and Environmental
Management Plan.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Review of proposed water requirements for the project,
Himanshu
WP verification and analysis of baseline data, impact
Gupta
assessment, and preparation of environmental
management plan for water environment.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Raja
Review of demographic characteristics, and supervision of
SE Subbaratna
baseline data collection. Collection and analysis of
Prasad
perception study carried out for the proposed project.
January, 2022 – June, 2022
Jayant Kumar Identification of impacts on AP and suggesting mitigation
AP
Joshi measures.

January, 2022 – January, 2023

Site visit, collection and analysis of baseline data on flora
Dr.
and fauna, impact assessment of the study area,
EB Chiranjibi
preparation of greenbelt development plan and
Pattanaik
environmental management plan for biological
environment.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Parveen Assessment of ground water sampling results with
HG
Kumar Goel available secondary data to interpret current conditions.

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Functional Name of the

Involvement (Period &Task)
Areas Experts
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Raja Verification of meteorological data, air quality assessment,
AQ Subbaratna air quality impact assessment, Preparation of
Prasad environmental management plan for the proposed project

January, 2022 – January, 2023

S.V.R. Verification of noise and traffic baseline data, impact
NV assessment, Preparation of environmental management plan
Subramanyam
for noise environment.
January, 2022 – January, 2023
Raja Assessment of soil sampling results with available secondary
LU Subbaratna data to interpret current conditions.
Prasad

January, 2022 – January, 2023

M.V.A.K. The Rapid Risk Assessment Report is prepared for the
RH
Bhargava Ram proposed project considering all safety measures.

b) TEAM MEMBERS:

Functional Name of the

Involvement (Period &Task)
Areas Team Member

January, 2022 – July, 2022

Assist to Mr. P.K.Goel for: Identification of solid wastes
WP, SHW Srikumar and its mitigation measures.
Malakar Assist to Mr. Himanshu Gupta for : Identification of impacts on
WP and suggesting mitigation measures.
January, 2022 – July, 2022
AP Ravikant Sharma Assist to Mr. J.K.Joshi for : Identification of impacts due to air
pollution and suggesting mitigation measures.
January, 2022 – July, 2022
SHW Himanshu Gupta Assist to Mr. P.K.Goel for : Identification of solid wastes and
its mitigation measures.

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 ANNEXURE- I

APPROVED TERMS OF
REFERENCE
 No.11-30/2011-IA.III
Goverment of India
Minister of Enviroment,Forest and Climate Change
Impact Assessment Division
***

Indira Paryavaran Bhavan,

Vayu Wing,3rd Floor,Aliganj,
Jor Bagh Road,New Delhi-110003
09 Sep 2021

To,

M/s INDIAN OIL LNG PRIVATE LIMITED

Ennore LNG Terminal, Inside Kamarajar Port,,
Tiruvallur-600120
Tamil Nadu

Tel.No.44-28333755; Email:[email protected]

Sir/Madam,

This has reference to the proposal submitted in the Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change to prescribe the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA
study for the purpose of obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of
the EIA Notification, 2006. For this purpose, the proponent had submitted online information in the
prescribed format (Form-1 ) along with a Pre-feasibility Report. The details of the proposal are
given below:

1. Proposal No.: IA/TN/IND2/226614/2021

ENNORE LNG(Liquified Natural Gas)

2. Name of the Proposal:
TERMINAL

3. Category of the Proposal: Industrial Projects - 2

4. Project/Activity applied for: 6(a) Oil & gas transportation pipe line (crude
and refinery/ petrochemical

5. Date of submission for TOR: 02 Sep 2021

In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR
for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment
management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation
as follows:
 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

6(a): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR OIL & GAS
TRANSPORTATION PIPE LINE (CRUDE AND REFINERY/
PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS), PASSING THROUGH NATIONAL
PARKS/SANCTUARIES/CORAL REEFS/ECOLOGICALLY
SENSITIVE AREAS INCLUDING LNG TERMINAL INFORMATION
TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT
1. Justification of the project
2. Route map indicating project location.
3. Details of land to be acquired. Details of projects vis-à-vis Ecological Sensitive Areas and approvals
thereof.
4. Project location along with map of 1 km area (500 meters on either side of the pipeline from centerline)
and site details providing various industries, surface water bodies, forests etc.
5. Analysis of alternative sites and Technology.
6. Location of National Park/Wild life sanctuary/Reserve Forest within 10 km radius of the project.
7. Status of clearance from NBWL for pipeline passing through wildlife sanctuary/ Eco-logical sensitive
area.
8. Recommendation of SCZMA /CRZ clearance for the proposed pipeline ( if applicable) .
9. Present land use based on satellite imagery for the study area of 10 km radius.
10. Details of applications filed for forest clearance to be obtained for the project for the forest land
involved in the project along with details of the compensatory afforestation.
11. Process Description along with Process Flow Diagram.
12. Details of associated facilities/utilities to be installed.
13. Details of water consumption and source of water supply, waste water generation, treatment and
effluent disposal.
14. Detailed solid & Hazardous waste generation, collection, segregation, its recycling and reuse,
treatment and disposal.
15. Total cost of the project along with total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental
pollution control measures.
16. Site-specific micro-meteorological data for temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and
direction and rainfall for one season at one location.
17. Ambient air quality monitoring within the study area of 500 m along the pipeline route and around
the pumping station and delivery station for PM2.5, PM10, SO2 , NOx, CO, HC, VOC for one
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

season(Non Monsoon) taking into account the pre-dominant wind direction at the representative
locations covering population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.
18. Determination of atmospheric inversion level and assessment of ground level concentration of
pollutants. Air quality modelling for proposed project.
19. Water monitoring to be conducted including surface & ground water for one season (Non Monsoon).
20. Soil sample analysis within the study area for one season (Non Monsoon).
21. Noise Monitoring will be taken up for one season (Non Monsoon)
22. Demography & socio-economics of the study area.
23. Ecological features (terristrial& Aquatic) of the study area for one season (Non Monsoon)
24. Assessment of impact on air, water, soil, solid/hazardous waste and noise levels.
25. A detailed note on method to be used for crossing road, nalla, stream, rivers, railway line etc.
26. Air pollution control measures proposed for the effective control of gaseous emissions within
permissible limits.
27. Details of proposed preventive measures for leakages and accident.
28. Risk assessment including Hazard identification, Consequence Analysis, Risk Assessment and
preparation of Disaster Management Plan as per Regulations.
29. Corrosion Management of Pipeline
30. Details of proper restoration of land after laying the pipelines.
31. Details of proposed Occupational Health Surveillance program for the employees and other labour
32. Detailed Environment management Plan (EMP) with specific reference to Energy conservation and
natural resource conservation, details of air pollution control system, water & wastewater
management, monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound implementation plan for mitigation
measure will be provided.
***
 ANNEXURE- II

CERTIFIED COPY OF THE LATEST

MONITORING REPORT FROM
REGIONAL OFFICE, MOEFCC
(CHENNAI)
 ANNEXURE- III

CONSENT FOR ESTABLISHMENT AND

CONSENT FOR OPERATION
 ANNEXURE- IV

OVERALL PLOT PLAN DRAWING

 KEY PLAN

APPROACH ROAD

NOTES:

12.0

HOLD:

30

0.0000

10
5
R1

LEGEND :

OUTER BOUNDARY WALL (3M HEIGHT) NEW PIPE RACK

INNER CHAIN LINK FENCING (1.8M HEIGHT )
NEW
EXISTING
6

UNDER GROUND UTILITIES -

B 19200-0102-8310-45-0227
SITE COMPOSITE PLAN
PLAN SHOWING LNG IMPORT, STORAGE,
A 19200-01920-0102-8230-01-0201
RE-GASIFICATION TERMINAL(AS BUILT)

S.NO. REFERENCE DRAWING DRAWING NO.

0 26-09-2022 ISSUED FOR TENDER KDD PG SK

A 06-09-2022 ISSUED FOR REVIEW KDD PG SK
DWN. CHK. APPD.
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION BY BY BY
LOCATION : ENNORE , TAMILNADU , INDIA

PROJECT : FEED FOR EXPANSION OF EXISTING 5 MMTPA CAPACITY TO 10 MMTPA

CAPACITY OF ENNORE LNG TERMINAL.

FEED CONSULTANT : CLIENT :

PLOT PLAN RINA Consulting S.p.A. IndianOil LNG Pvt. Ltd.

1.6M HIGH FENCE

TITLE :

PLOT PLAN
SCALE : 1 : 1500 DRAWING NO : 31844-00-PI-PLT-008 SHEET NO : 1 OF 1 REV. : 0

CONTRACT NO : IOLPL / 2022-23 / EXPANSION / FEED SHEET : A0

 ANNEXURE- V

RAPID RISK ANALYSIS STUDY

 RRA Study of Doc No: B507-17-43-RA-0001
LNG Import, Storage & Rev. No.: 2
Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 1 of 38

RAPID RISK ANALYSIS STUDY

OF

LNG IMPORT, STORAGE & REGASIFICATION

TERMINAL, ENNORE

IndianOil LNG Pvt Ltd

2 31.01.2023 Issued for Comments PK AMP DK

1 06.01.2023 Issued for Comments PK AMP DK

0 04.08.2022 Issued for Comments PK AMP AMP

A 10.06.2022 Issued for Comments PK AMP AMP

Rev No Date Purpose Prepared By Reviewed By Approved By

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Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 2 of 38

PREFACE

M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL) has been appointed by M/s IndianOil LNG for undertaking the
Rapid Risk Analysis study of the LNG Import, Storage & Regasification Terminal at Ennore,
Chennai, Tamilnadu.

Rapid Risk Analysis study identifies the hazards associated with the facility, analyses the
consequences, draws suitable conclusions and provides necessary recommendations to mitigate
the hazard/ risk.

This Rapid Risk Analysis study is based on the information made available at the time of this
study and EIL‟s own data source for similar plants. EIL has exercised all reasonable skill, care
and diligence in carrying out the study. However, this report is not deemed to be any undertaking,
warrantee or certificate.

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Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 3 of 38

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 5

1.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

1.2 APPROACH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 5

1.3 MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................. 5

2 INTRODCUTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 12

2.1 STUDY AIMS AND OBJECTIVE........................................................................................................................... 12

2.2 SCOPE OF WORK .................................................................................................................................................... 12

3 SITE CONDITION .......................................................................................................................................................... 13

3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................... 13

3.2 SITE, LOCATION AND VICINITY ....................................................................................................................... 13

3.3 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................... 13

4 HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FACILITIES ...................................................................................... 17

4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.2 HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAMMABLE MATERIALS ................................................................... 17

4.2.1 Liquefied Natural Gas ................................................................................................................................. 17

4.2.2 Natural Gas ...................................................................................................................................................... 17

5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ...................................................................................................................................... 19

5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................... 19

5.2 MODES OF FAILURE............................................................................................................................................ 19

5.3 SELECTED FAILURE CASES................................................................................................................................ 20

6 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................... 22

6.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................... 22

6.2 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS MODELLING ...................................................................................................... 22

6.2.1 DISCHARGE RATE ........................................................................................................................................ 22

6.2.2 DISPERSION .................................................................................................................................................... 22

6.2.3 FLASH FIRE ..................................................................................................................................................... 22

6.2.4 JET FIRE ............................................................................................................................................................ 23

6.2.5 VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSION ...................................................................................................................... 23

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6.3 SIZE AND DURATION OF RELEASE ................................................................................................................ 23

6.4 DAMAGE CRITERIA ............................................................................................................................................... 23

6.4.1 LFL OR FLASH FIRE ..................................................................................................................................... 24

6.4.2 THERMAL HAZARD DUE TO POOL FIRE, JET FIRE AND FIRE BALL....................................... 24

6.4.3 VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSION ...................................................................................................................... 24

6.5 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS FOR UNITS ......................................................................................................... 25

7 MAJOR FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 29

8 GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37

9 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................................ 38

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Atmospheric Parameter ..................................................................................................................................... 14

Table 2: Average Mean Wind Speed (m/s) ................................................................................................................. 14

Table 3: Pasquill Stability Classes................................................................................................................................... 15

Table 4: Weather Conditions .............................................................................................................................................. 16

Table 5: Hazardous Properties of NG............................................................................................................................ 18

Table 8: Size of Release ...................................................................................................................................................... 23

Table 9: Damage Due to Incident Thermal Radiation Intensity ........................................................................ 24

Table 10: Damage Effects of Blast Overpressure ................................................................................................... 25

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: LNG Terminal, Ennore ...................................................................................................................................... 13

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE-I: CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS HAZARD DISTANCES

ANNEXURE-II: FIGURES FOR CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
ANNEXURE-III: LNG TERMINAL PLOT PLAN

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Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 5 of 38

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 INTRODUCTION

IndianOil LNG Private Limited (IOLPL), a Joint Venture Company of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
(IndianOil) as the Promoter with 45% shareholding, is operating5 MMTPA capacity LNG Terminal
inside Kamarajar Port at Ennore, Chennai,Tamilnadu. The gas demand in the Ennore catchment
area expected to increase more than 5 MMTPA in 2025-26. IOLPL proposes to augment the
capacity of existing Ennore LNG Terminal from 5 MMTPA to 10MMTPA.

This executive summary covers major findings arising out of the Rapid Risk Analysis study and
recommendations for the safe operation. The detailed analysis is given in Section –6.

1.2 APPROACH METHODOLOGY

RRA study evaluates the consequences of potential failure scenarios, assess extent of damages,
based on damage criteria‟s and suggest suitable measures for mitigating the Hazard.

RRA involves identification of various potential hazards & credible failure scenarios for various
units and other facilities including off-site storages & pumping, etc., based on their frequency of
occurrence & resulting consequence. Basically two types of scenarios are identified spanning
across various process facilities; Cases with high chance of occurrence but having low
consequence, e.g., Instrument Tapping Failure (20 mm) and cases with low chance of occurrence
but having high consequence, e.g., Catastrophic Rupture of Loading Arm. Effect zones for various
outcomes of failure scenarios (Flash Fire, Jet Fire, Pool Fire, Blast overpressure, etc.) are studied
and identified in terms of distances on plot plan. Based on effect zones, measures for mitigation of
the hazard/risk are suggested.

1.3 MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The detailed consequence analysis of release of hydrocarbon in case of major credible scenarios
are modeled in terms of release rate, dispersion, flammability and toxic characteristics, which
have been discussed in detail in the report. The major findings and recommendations based on
maximum effect zone distance from risk analysis are summarized below:

a) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Discharge of Intank LP Pump (Refer

Annexure-II, Figures 1.1.1 to 1.1.2 ): From the consequence analysis of the selected failure
scenario, it was observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~32 m at the height of 42
m and not reaching to ground. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9
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kW/m2and 5 kW/m2 not realized at grade level. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure is
realized up to 42&58 m respectively from the source point and have impact on new LNG
Storage Tank.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors near new LP LNG Pump for early
leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment & inventory isolation
and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

b) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge ( Refer
Annexure-II, Figures 2.1.1 to 2.1.3 ) : From the consequence analysis of the selected failure
scenario, it was observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~82 m. LFL hazardous
zone is covering the road on the eastern, western& northern side of the HP Pumps, part of
LNG Storage tanks, part of STV area, metering yard and part of existing HP LNG Pump
House. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is
realized up to 63, 65, 78 & 87 m. Radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2 covering road on
western, northern & eastern side of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western &
northern side of the HP LNG Pump, part of Metering Skid, part of STV Area & part of pipeline
dispatch area and 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is covering road on northern, eastern& western side
of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western & northern side of the HP LNG
Pump, part of Metering Skid, part of STV Area of High Pressure LNG Pumps, part of LNG
Storage Tanks. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to102
&131 m respectively from the source point and covering the Control Room, Pipeline Dispatch
Station Area ,LNG Storage Tanks (new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube
Vaporiser Unit, part of BOG Compressor Room.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the eastern, western and northern side of the
HP Pumps through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall
be allowed on this road.

 The Existing Control Room is being affected due to blast overpressure generated from
proposed new HP LNG pump instrument tapping failure so same needs to be revalidated
through QRA to be carried out during detail engineering and accordingly suitable
mitigation measure shall be adopted during detail engineering.

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Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 7 of 38

 Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors within the new HP LNG Pump House
for early leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment & inventory
isolation and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

 Roads on northern, eastern & western side of the HP LNG Pumps are getting affected due
to Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as
escape routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster
management plan.

c) Flange Leakage (10mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge ( Refer Annexure-
II, Figures 2.2.1 to 2.2.3):From the consequence analysis of the selected failure scenario, it
was observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~32 m. LFL hazardous zone is
covering the road on the eastern side of the HP Pumps. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30
kW/m2, 25 kW/m2 , 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 34, 35, 42 & 47 m and covering
road on eastern side of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western& northern side
of the HP LNG Pump, part of STV Area. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect
distances is realized up to 41& 55 m respectively from the source point and covering the LNG
Storage Tanks (new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of
BOG Compressor Room.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the eastern side of the HP Pumps through
suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this
road.

 Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors within the new HP LNG Pump House
for early leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment & inventory
isolation and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

 Roads on eastern side of the HP LNG Pumps is getting affected due to Jet Fire radiation
intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes during this
emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.

d) Flange Joint Leak (10mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet (Refer Annexure-II,
Figures 3.1.1 to 3.1.3):From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized
up to a distance of ~32 m. The LFL hazardous zone is covering some part of the road on
western side of the STV. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and
5 kW/m2 is realized up to 34, 35, 42 & 47 and covering the Pipe Rack on the eastern side &

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Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 8 of 38

Road on the western side of STV. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances
is realized up to 41&55 m respectively from the source point and covering HP LNG Pumps,
New & Existing Metering Yard, Existing STV Unit and LNG Storage Tanks (new/existing).

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the western side of the STV through suitable
means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this road.

 Roads on western side of the STV are getting affected due to Jet Fire radiation intensity of
5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes during this emergency
so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.

e) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet (Refer
Annexure-II, Figures 3.2.1 to 3.2.3) :

From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of
~82 m. The LFL hazardous zone is covering some part of the road on northern &western
side of the STV. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5
kW/m2 is realized up to 63, 65, 78 & 87 and covering the Pipe Rack on the eastern side &
Road on the northern, eastern & western side of STV. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave
overpressure effect distances is realized up to 102&131 m respectively from the source
point and covering the Control Room, Pipeline Dispatch Station Area, LNG Storage Tanks
(new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of BOG
Compressor Room, part of electrical substation.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the northern &western side of the STV through
suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this
road.

 Roads on northern, eastern &western side of the STV are getting affected due to Jet Fire
radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes
during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.
 The Existing Control Room is being affected due to blast overpressure generated from
proposed new STV instrument tapping failure so same needs to be revalidated through
QRA to be carried out during detail engineering and accordingly suitable mitigation
measure shall be adopted during detail engineering.

 Ensure that there is minimum permanent occupancy in the electrical substation.

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Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 9 of 38

f) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet (Refer
Annexure-II, Figures 4.2.1 to 4.2.3) :

From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of
~17 m at height of 1m. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and
5 kW/m2 is realized up to 25, 27, 33 & 37 and covering pipe rack on eastern side & road on
western side. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to 16
&24 m respectively from the source point.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the western side of the STV through suitable
means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this road.

g) 10mm leak at Loading Arms(near Gantry Area)(Refer Annexure-II, Figures 5.1.1 to

5.1.3): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance
of ~38 m and covering the road on the northern & southern side of the Loading Arm. The jet
fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 25, 25,
29 & 33 and covering the road on northern & southern side of Loading Arm & Pipe Rack on
southern side of Loading Arm. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is
realized up to 41&56 m respectively from the source point and covering road, Pipe Rack on
southern side of Loading Arm.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the northern & southern side of the Loading
Arm through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be
allowed on this road.

 Roads on southern side of the Loading Arm are getting affected due to Jet Fire radiation
intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes during this
emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.

 Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors near Loading Arm area for early leak
detection and develop procedures to stop loading & inventory isolation and for safe
evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

h) Loading Arms Rupture (~75 mm) (Refer Annexure-II, Figures 6.1.1 to 6.1.3 ): From the
consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~108 m and
covering the road on the northern & southern side of the Loading Arm and part of new LNG
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Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 10 of 38

Storage area. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is
realized up to 47, 48, 59 & 67 and covering the road in northern & southern side & Pipe Rack
on southern side of Loading Arm. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is
realized up to 137&185 m respectively from the source point and covering road inside facility
, Pipe Rack & part of existing LNG Storage Tank & new LNG Storage Tank on southern side
of Loading Arm.

Based on the above following is recommended

 This scenario shall be considered in formulating disaster management plan of the LNG
Terminal as it is low failure frequency scenario

i) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Metering Yard (Refer Annexure-II, Figures
7.1.1 to 7.1.3): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a
distance of ~17m, it is not realized at grade. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25
kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 25, 27, 33 & 37 and covering the road in the
eastern, western& northern side of the Metering Yard. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave
overpressure effect distances is realized up to 16&24 m respectively from the source point
and covering part of STV area.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Roads on eastern, western & northern side of the Metering Yard are getting affected due
to Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as
escape routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster
management plan.

j) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Hot Oil Pump Discharge (Refer Annexure-II,
Figures 8.1.1 to 8.1.4): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized
up to a distance of ~37 m and covering the road on the northern, eastern & western side of
the Hot Oil Pump and N2 Package Area, Substation Building and CPP Area. The jet fire
radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 25, 26, 32
& 38 and covering the road on eastern, northern & western side Hot Oil Pump and Substation
Building and CPP Area. The pool fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and
5 kW/m2 is realized up to 36, 40, 62&77 and covering the road on eastern, western and
northern side, substation building, CPP, proposed air compressor, air compressor house and
Cooling water tower. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up
to 41 & 55 m respectively from the source point and covering Substation Building.

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Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on northern, eastern & western side of the Hot
Oil Pump through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall
be allowed on this road.

 Roads on eastern, western & northern side of the Hot Oil Pump are getting affected due to
Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape
routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management
plan.
 Substation Building is getting affected due to jet fire , it is recommended to keep the entry
and exit to the building outside the effect zone of jet fire thermal radiation intensity of 25
KW/m2for safe entry & exit to the building.
 Permanent occupancy level in the SS shall be decided based on QRA to be carried out
during detail engineering.
 Ensure that the entry & exit to the substation building are outside the effect zone of pool
fire thermal radiation intensity of 25 KW/m2.
 Ensure that inlet of fresh air intake of the substation building (on the eastern side of the hot
oil facility) shall be opposite side of Hot oil facility with adequate numbers of detectors
(HC) in the inlet fresh air duct of HVAC for detecting flammable vapors and actuating
interlock for closing air damper in fresh air duct.

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Regasification Terminal, Ennore Page 12 of 38

2 INTRODCUTION

2.1 STUDY AIMS AND OBJECTIVE

The objectives of the Rapid Risk Analysis study are to identify and quantify all potential failure
modes that may lead to hazardous consequences and extent. Typical hazardous consequences
include fire, explosion and toxic releases.

The Rapid Risk analysis will also identify potential hazardous consequences having impacts on
population and property in the vicinity of the facilities, and provides information necessary in
developing strategies to prevent accidents and formulate the Disaster Management Plan.

The Rapid Risk Analysis includes the following steps:

a) Identification of failure cases within the facility
b) Evaluate process hazards emanating from the identified potential accident scenarios.
c) Analyze the damage effects to surroundings due to such incidents.
d) Suggest mitigating measures to reduce the hazard / risk.

The Risk analysis study has been carried out using the risk assessment software program
„PHAST ver. 8.4 developed by DNV Technica.

2.2 SCOPE OF WORK

The study addresses the hazards that can be realized due to operations associated with the
proposed LNG Terminal capacity expansion project from 5 MMTPA to 10MMTPA.

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3 SITE CONDITION

3.1 GENERAL

This chapter describes the location of LNG Terminal, Ennore, TN and meteorological data, which
have been used for the Rapid Risk Analysis study.

3.2 SITE, LOCATION AND VICINITY

Figure 1: LNG Terminal, Ennore

3.3 METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

The consequences of released flammable material are largely dependent on the prevailing
weather conditions. For the assessment of major scenarios involving release of flammable
materials, the most important meteorological parameters are those that affect the atmospheric
dispersion of the escaping material. The crucial variables are wind direction, wind speed,
atmospheric stability and temperature. Rainfall does not have any direct bearing on the results of
the risk analysis; however, it can have beneficial effects by absorption / washout of released
materials. Actual behavior of any release would largely depend on prevailing weather condition at
the time of release.

For the Risk Analysis study, Meteorological data of Chennai Nungambakkam weather
station(Which is nearest weather station from project facility)has been taken from the

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Climatological Tables of Observatories in India (1981-2010) published by Indian Meteorological

Department, Pune.
Atmospheric Parameters
The Climatological data which have been used for the Risk Analysis study is summarized below:

Table 1: Atmospheric Parameter

Sl. No. Parameter Average Value Considered For Study

O
1. Ambient Temperature ( C) 29

2. Atmospheric Pressure (mm Hg) 760

3. Relative Humidity (%) 0.72

2
4. Solar Radiation flux (kW/m ) 0.46

Wind Speed and Wind Direction

The meteorological data considered for the study is based on the Chennai Nungambakkam
weather station datafrom the IMD Table. Based on the Meteorological data provided in IMD table,
it is observed that average wind speed of magnitude of around 1.5-2 m/s blows for around 90% of
the time, in a year. Hence predominant wind speeds for terminalconsidered for RRA Study
are1.5&2 m/s.

Table 2: Average Mean Wind Speed (m/s)

Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1.5 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.8

Weather Category

One of the most important characteristics of atmosphere is its stability. Stability of atmosphere is
its tendency to resist vertical motion or to suppress existing turbulence. This tendency directly
influences the ability of atmosphere to disperse pollutants emitted into it from the facilities. In most
dispersion scenarios, the relevant atmospheric layer is that nearest to the ground, varying in
thickness from a few meters to a few thousand meters. Turbulence induced by buoyancy forces in
the atmosphere is closely related to the vertical temperature gradient.

Temperature normally decreases with increasing height in the atmosphere. The rate at which the
temperature of air decreases with height is called Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR). It will vary
from time to time and from place to place. The atmosphere is said to be stable, neutral or unstable

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according to ELR is less than, equal to or greater than Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR), which is
a constant value of 0.98°C/100 meters.

Pasquill stability parameter, based on Pasquill – Gifford categorization, is such a meteorological

parameter, which decreases the stability of atmosphere, i.e., the degree of convective turbulence.
Pasquill has defined six stability classes ranging from `A' (extremely unstable) to `F' (stable). Wind
speeds, intensity of solar radiation (daytime insulation) and nighttime sky cover have been
identified as prime factors defining these stability categories. Below Table indicates the various
Pasquill stability classes.

Table 3: Pasquill Stability Classes

Insolation Night
Thinly
Surface Wind Speed overcast
(meter/s) <= 4/8
Strong Moderate Slight or > 4/8
cloud
low
cloud
<2 A A–B B E F
2–3 A–B B C E F
3–5 B B–C C D E
5–6 C C–D D D D
>6 C D D D D
Source: PHAST Manual
A = Very unstable, B = Unstable, C = moderately unstable
D = Neutral, E = moderately stable, F = stable

When the atmosphere is unstable and wind speeds are moderate or high or gusty, rapid
dispersion of pollutants will occur. Under these conditions, pollutant concentrations in air will be
moderate or low and the material will be dispersed rapidly. When the atmosphere is stable and
wind speed is low, dispersion of material will be limited and pollutant concentration in air will be
high. In general worst dispersion conditions (i.e. contributing to greater hazard distances) occur
during low wind speed and very stable weather conditions, such as that at 1F weather condition
(i.e. 1 m/s wind speed and Pasquill Stability F).

Stability category for the present study is identified based on the cloud amount, solar radiation
and wind speed. For risk analysis, the representative average annual weather conditions are
assessed based on the following:

Average Wind speed in order of 1.5-2 m/s would be experienced for around90% of time in a year.
Based on weather analysis, predominant weather stability of “F”, “A” and “E” was selected with
wind speed 1.5 m/s&2 m/s for consequence analysis, respectively.

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The consequence results are reported in tabular form for all the weather conditions and are
represented graphically for worst weather condition.

Table 4: Weather Conditions

Wind Speed Pasquill Stability

1.5 A

1.5 F

2 E

Note: For RRA Study Plot Plan (Doc. No.: 19200-0102-8230-01-0201 Rev Z7) has been used.
LNG Terminal plot plan is attached as “Annexure-III”.

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4 HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FACILITIES

4.1 GENERAL
LNG Terminal handles the Natural Gas which has a potential to cause fire and explosion hazards.
This chapter describes in brief the hazards associated with Natural Gas.

4.2 HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAMMABLE MATERIALS

4.2.1 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS

Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) is primarily methane that is liquefied at -165 deg. C to reduce its volume
600 to 1. It is colorless & odorless (it does not exhibit the characteristics odor of Natural Gas)

The main hazards in handling LNG are fire and explosion, cryogenic freeze burns, embrittlement
of metals and plastics, and confined spaces hazards

LNG vapors are extremely flammable and explosive; avoid heat, sparks, open flames, and all
possible sources of ignition. Heat will increase pressure in the storage tank. When its vapors mix
with appropriate amounts of oxidizing agents, including air and oxygen, in the presence of an
ignition source, an uncontrolled explosive reaction can occur.

Contact with the liquefied or pressurized gas may cause eye damage, swelling & skin frostbite.

4.2.2 NATURAL GAS

The highly flammable nature makes gaseous hydrocarbons the most hazardous of petroleum
products. When a gaseous hydrocarbon is released on account of a mechanical failure,
depending upon its vapour density and the prevalent weather conditions, it will either form a
vapour cloud or disperse without giving cause for further concern. Substantial mixing with air
occurs immediately after the release, though the extent of such mixing depends upon particular
meteorological conditions including the temperature and turbulence of the air.

The flammable cloud formed by natural gas is normally lighter than air and, given stable weather
conditions, forms a thin layer some distance above the ground, whose movement is influenced
even by slight breezes in the area of the release. As it spreads, were it to encounter a source of
ignition, it would constitute a flash fire, spreading over the area covered by the cloud. However,
since the cloud gets diluted with air as it spreads, the likelihood of a flash fire is greatest in the
regions where the concentration of the material lies between the lower and upper flammability
limits. Nevertheless, releases of greater volume require greater distances to be safely diluted
below the LFL. It would also be worthwhile to observe that distances beyond the LFL limit could

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also be affected, if the cloud were to undergo a substantial volumetric expansion, on account of
the fire.

Clouds of gas may constitute a "Fireball", under appropriate conditions. A fireball is a spherical
cloud of flammable material burning with great turbulence and rising as it mixes with the
surrounding air; combustion of the entire mass is generally completed within seconds. While the
radiation from a fireball is very intense and can cause a great deal of damage, the risk of
occurrence of a fireball is particularly serious only when there is a possibility of the immediate
ignition of a large mass of fuel released rapidly.

If the gas is released under sufficient pressure to constitute a continuous stream, a jet fire may
ensue. The flames of a jet fire are normally of greater intensity near the source and rapidly peter
out farther away. While the flame is normally in the direction of the jet, the wind can bend the
flame.

In certain cases, a flame may spread rapidly, from the point of ignition, through a vapour cloud
with complete combustion occurring within seconds. While the radiation intensity is always
severe, if the flame-front travels fast enough through the cloud, the surrounding air will be
compressed to such an extent, on account of the expansion of the burning gas cloud, as to create
overpressure or "blast" effects, thus constituting an unconfined vapour cloud explosion (UVCE).
Many of the most severe industrial accidents have been associated with such UVCEs

In case the released material remains un-ignited, until its dispersal and dilution below its Lower
Flammability Limit, it causes little damage except for asphyxiation of personnel in the immediate
vicinity of release, on account of the very high concentrations prevalent there.

Table 5: Hazardous Properties of NG

Sl. No. Properties Values

1. LFL (%v/v) 4.21

2. UFL (%v/v) 16

3. Auto ignition temperature (°C) 537(methane)

4. Heat of combustion (KJ/Kg) 4.96E7

5. Normal Boiling point (°C) -160

6. Flash point (°C) -176

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5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

5.1 GENERAL

A classical definition of hazard states that hazard is in fact the characteristic of

system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident. Hence all the components of a
system/plant/process need to be thoroughly examined in order to assess their potential for
initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an
accident.

In Risk Analysis terminology a hazard is something with the potential to cause harm. Hence the
Hazard Identification step is an exercise that seeks to identify what can go wrong at the major
hazard installation or process in such a way that people may be harmed. The output of this step is
a list of events that need to be passed on to later steps for further analysis.
The potential hazards posed by the facility were identified based on the past accidents, lessons
learnt and a checklist. This list includes the following elements.
 Catastrophic Rupture of Loading Arm
 Large hole on outlet of process vessel
 “Guillotine-Breakage” of pipe-work
 Small hole, cracks or small bore failure (i.e. instrument tapping failure, drains/vents failure
etc.) in piping and vessels.
 Flange leaks.
 Storage Tank on fire
 Leaks from pump glands and similar seals.

5.2 MODES OF FAILURE

There are various potential sources of large leakage, which may release hazardous chemicals
and hydrocarbon materials into the atmosphere. These could be in form of gasket failure in
flanged joints, bleeder valve left open inadvertently, an instrument tubing giving way, pump seal
failure, guillotine failure of equipment/ pipeline or any other source of leakage. Operating
experience can identify lots of these sources and their modes of failure. A list of general
equipment and pipeline failure mechanisms is as follows:

Material/Construction Defects
 Incorrect selection or supply of materials of construction
 Incorrect use of design codes
 Weld failures
 Failure of inadequate pipeline supports

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Pre-Operational Failures
 Failure induced during delivery at site
 Failure induced during installation
 Pressure and temperature effects
 Overpressure
 Temperature expansion/contraction (improper stress analysis and support design)
 Low temperature brittle fracture (if metallurgy is incorrect)
 Fatigue loading (cycling and mechanical vibration)

Corrosion Failures
 Internal corrosion (e.g. ingress of moisture)
 External corrosion
 Cladding/insulation failure (e.g. ingress of moisture)
 Cathodic protection failure, if provided

Failures due to Operational Errors

 Human error
 Failure to inspect regularly and identify any defects

External Impact Induced Failures

 Dropped objects
 Impact from transport such as construction traffic
 Vandalism
 Subsidence
 Strong winds

Failure due to Fire

 External fire impinging on pipeline or equipment
 Rapid vaporization of cold liquid in contact with hot surfaces

5.3 SELECTED FAILURE CASES

A list of selected failure cases was prepared based on process knowledge, engineering judgment,
experience, past incidents associated with such facilities and considering the general
mechanisms for loss of containment. A list of cases has been identified for the consequence
analysis study based on the following.
 Cases with high chance of occurrence but having low consequence: Example of such
failure cases includes two-bolt gasket leak for flanges, seal failure for pumps, instrument

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tapping failure, etc. The consequence results will provide enough data for planning routine
safety exercises. This will emphasize the area where operator's vigilance is essential.
 Cases with low chance of occurrence but having high consequence (The example includes
Rupture of Loading Arm, etc.)
This approach ensures at least one representative case of all possible types of accidental
failure events, is considered for the consequence analysis. Moreover, the list below
includes at least one accidental case comprising of release of different sorts of highly
hazardous materials handled in the facility. Although the list does not give complete failure
incidents considering all equipment‟s, units, but the consequence of a similar incident
considered in the list below could be used to foresee the consequence of that particular
accident.

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6 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

6.1 GENERAL

Consequence analysis involves the application of the mathematical, analytical and computer
models for calculation of the effects and damages subsequent to a hydrocarbon / toxic release
accident.

Computer models are used to predict the physical behavior of hazardous incidents. The model
uses below mentioned techniques to assess the consequences of identified scenarios:

 Modeling of discharge rates when holes develop in process equipment/pipe work

 Modeling of the size & shape of the flammable/toxic gas clouds from releases in the
atmosphere
 Modeling of the flame and radiation field of the releases that are ignited and burn as jet fire,
pool fire and flash fire
 Modeling of the explosion fields of releases which are ignited away from the point of release

The different consequences (Flash fire, pool fire, jet fire and Explosion effects) of loss of
containment accidents depend on the sequence of events & properties of material released
leading to the either toxic vapor dispersion, fire or explosion or both.

6.2 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS MODELLING

6.2.1 DISCHARGE RATE

The initial rate of release through a leak depends mainly on the pressure inside the equipment,
size of the hole and phase of the release (liquid, gas or two-phase). The release rate decreases
with time as the equipment depressurizes. This reduction depends mainly on the inventory and
the action taken to isolate the leak and blow-down the equipment.

6.2.2 DISPERSION
Releases of gas into the open air form clouds whose dispersion is governed by the wind, by
turbulence around the site, the density of the gas and initial momentum of the release. In case of
flammable materials the sizes of these gas clouds above their Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) are
important in determining whether the release will ignite. In this study, the results of dispersion
modeling for flammable materials are presented LFL quantity.

6.2.3 FLASH FIRE

A flash fire occurs when a cloud of vapors/gas burns without generating any significant
overpressure. The cloud is typically ignited on its edge, remote from- the leak source. The
combustion zone moves through the cloud away from the ignition point. The duration of the flash
fire is relatively short but it may stabilize as a continuous jet fire from the leak source. For flash

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fires, an approximate estimate for the extent of the total effect zone is the area over which the
cloud is above the LFL.

6.2.4 JET FIRE

Jet fires are burning jets of gas or atomized liquid whose shape is dominated by the momentum of
the release. The jet flame stabilizes on or close to the point of release and continues until the
release is stopped. Jet fire can be realized, if the leakage is immediately ignited. The effect of jet
flame impingement is severe as it may cut through equipment, pipeline or structure. The damage
effect of thermal radiation is depended on both the level of thermal radiation and duration of
exposure.

6.2.5 VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSION

A vapor cloud explosion (VCE) occurs if a cloud of flammable gas burns sufficiently quickly to
generate high overpressures (i.e. pressures in excess of ambient). The overpressure resulting
from an explosion of hydrocarbon gases is estimated considering the explosive mass available to
be the mass of hydrocarbon vapor between its lower and upper explosive limits.

6.3 SIZE AND DURATION OF RELEASE

Leak size considered for selected failure cases are listed below1.

Table 6: Size of Release

Failure Description Leak Size

Flange gasket failure 10 mm hole size

Instrument tapping failure 20 mm hole size

75 mm, complete rupture of 3” line to be updated in line with

Loading Arm Rupture
leak size considered in model

The discharge duration is taken as 10 minutes for continuous release scenarios as it is

considered that it would take plant personnel about 10 minutes to detect and isolate the leak2.

6.4 DAMAGE CRITERIA

In order to appreciate the damage effect produced by various scenarios, physiological/physical

effects of the blast wave, thermal radiation or toxic vapor exposition are discussed.

1 Refer to Guideline for Quantitative Risk assessment ‘Purple Book’.

2 Release duration is based on Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, CCPS.
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6.4.1 LFL OR FLASH FIRE

Hydrocarbon vapor released accidentally will spread out in the direction of wind. If a source of
ignition finds an ignition source before being dispersed below lower flammability limit (LFL), a
flash fire is likely to occur and the flame will travel back to the source of leak. Any person caught
in the flash fire is likely to suffer fatal burn injury. Therefore, in consequence analysis, the distance
of LFL value is usually taken to indicate the area, which may be affected by the flash fire.
Flash fire (LFL) events are considered to cause direct harm to the population present within the
flammability range of the cloud. Fire escalation from flash fire such that process or storage
equipment or building may be affected is considered unlikely.

6.4.2 THERMAL HAZARD DUE TO POOL FIRE, JET FIRE AND FIRE BALL
Thermal radiation due to pool fire, jet fire or fire ball may cause various degrees of burn on human
body and process equipment. The damage effect due to thermal radiation intensity is tabulated
below.

Table 7: Damage Due to Incident Thermal Radiation Intensity as per NFPA 59A

Incident Radiation Intensity

Type of Damage
(kW/m²)

Irreversible harm to and fatality of persons inside a building with a

30
noncombustion exterior.

Irreversible harm to and fatality of persons inside a building with a

25
combustion exterior.

Fatality of persons outdoors without personal protective equipment

9
(PPE)

5 Irreversible harm to persons outdoors without PPE.

The hazard distances to the 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2,9 kW/m2& 5 kw/m2radiation levels, selected
based on their effect on population; buildings and equipment were modeled using PHAST.

6.4.3 VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSION

In the event of explosion taking place within the plant, the resultant blast wave will have damaging
effects on equipment, structures, building and piping falling within the overpressure distances of
the blast. Tanks, buildings, structures etc. can only tolerate low level of overpressure. Human
body, by comparison, can withstand higher overpressure. But injury or fatality can be inflicted by
collapse of building of structures. The damage effect of blast overpressure is tabulated below.

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Table 8: Damage Effects of Blast Overpressure as per NFPA 59A

Blast Overpressure (psi) Damage Level

5.0 Major structure damage

3.0 Fatality of persons outdoors

1.0 Irreversible harm of persons outdoors

The hazard distances to the 5 psi, 3 psi and 1 psi overpressure levels, selected based on their
effects on population; buildings and equipment were modeled using PHAST.

6.5 CONSEQUENCEANALYSISFORUNITS
This section discusses the consequences of selected failure scenarios for various units. The
consequence distances are reported in tabular form for all weather conditions in Annexure-Iand
are represented graphically in Annexure-II for the all failure scenarios in a unit for worst weather
conditions.

Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Discharge of Intank LP Pump ( Refer Annexure-
II, Figures 1.1.1& 1.1.2 ): From the consequence analysis of the selected failure scenario, it was
observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~32 m at the height of 42 m and not reaching
to ground. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 not
realized at grade level. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure is realized up to 42&58 m
respectively from the source point and have impact on new LNG Storage Tank.

Flange Leakage (10mm leak) at Discharge of Intank LP Pump ( Refer Annexure-II, Figures
1.2.1 & 1.2.2 ): From the consequence analysis of the selected failure scenario, it was observed
that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~19 m at the height of 42 m. The jet fire radiation
intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 not realized at grade level. The 3 and 1
psi blast wave overpressure is realized up to 16 & 25 m respectively from the source point and
have no major impact on nearby facilities.

Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge ( Refer
Annexure-II, Figures 2.1.1 to 2.1.3) :From the consequence analysisof the selected failure
scenario, it was observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~82 m. LFL hazardous zone is
covering the road on the eastern, western & northern side of the HP Pumps, part of LNG Storage
tanks, part of STV area, metering yard and part of existing HP LNG Pump House. The jet fire
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radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 63, 65, 78 & 87
m. Radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2 covering road on western, northern & eastern side
of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western & northern side of the HP LNG Pump,
part of Metering Skid, part of STV Area & part of pipeline dispatch area and 9 kW/m2 and 5
kW/m2is covering road on northern, eastern & western side of the high Pressure LNG Pump,
pipe Rack on western & northern side of the HP LNG Pump, part of Metering Skid, part of STV
Area of High Pressure LNG Pumps, part of LNG Storage Tanks. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave
overpressure effect distances is realized up to 102 &131 m respectively from the source point
and covering the Control Room, Pipeline Dispatch Station Area , LNG Storage Tanks
(new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of BOG Compressor
Room.

Flange Leakage (10mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge ( Refer Annexure-II,
Figures 2.2.1 to 2.2.3) : From the consequence analysis of the selected failure scenario, it was
observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~32 m. LFL hazardous zone is covering the
road on the eastern side of the HP Pumps. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2
, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 34, 35, 42 & 47 m and covering road on eastern side of
the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western& northern side of the HP LNG Pump, part
of STV Area. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to 41& 55
m respectively from the source point and covering the LNG Storage Tanks (new/existing),
existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of BOG Compressor Room.

Flange Joint Leak (10mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet ( Refer Annexure-II, Figures
3.1.1 to 3.1.3) :From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a
distance of ~32 m. The LFL hazardous zone is covering some part of the road on western side of
the STV. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized
up to 34, 35, 42 & 47 and covering the Pipe Rack on the eastern side & Road on the western
side of STV. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to 41&55 m
respectively from the source point and covering HP LNG Pumps, New & Existing Metering Yard,
Existing STV Unit and LNG Storage Tanks (new/existing).

Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet (Refer Annexure-II,
Figures 3.2.1 to 3.2.3): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up
to a distance of ~82 m. The LFL hazardous zone is covering some part of the road on northern
&western side of the STV. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5
kW/m2 is realized up to 63, 65, 78 & 87 and covering the Pipe Rack on the eastern side & Road
on the northern, eastern & western side of STV. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect

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distances is realized up to 102&131 m respectively from the source point and covering the Control
Room, Pipeline Dispatch Station Area, LNG Storage Tanks (new/existing), existing HP Pump
House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of BOG Compressor Room, part of electrical substation.

Flange Joint Leak (10mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet (Refer Annexure-II, Figures
4.1.1 to 4.1.3 ) : From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a
distance of ~8 m at height of 1m. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2
and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 13, 13, 16 & 18.

Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet (Refer Annexure-
II, Figures 4.2.1 to 4.2.3 ): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized
up to a distance of ~17 m at height of 1m. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9
kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 25, 27, 33 & 37 and covering pipe rack on eastern side &
road on western side. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to
16 &24 m respectively from the source point.

10mm leak at Loading Arms (Refer Annexure-II, Figures 5.1.1 to 5.1.3): From the
consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~38 m and
covering the road on the northern & southern side of the Loading Arm. The jet fire radiation
intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 25, 25, 29 & 33 and
covering the road on northern & southern side of Loading Arm & Pipe Rack on southern side of
Loading Arm. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to 41 &56 m
respectively from the source point and covering road, Pipe Rack on southern side of Loading Arm.

Loading Arms Rupture (Refer Annexure-II, Figures 6.1.1 to 6.1.3): From the consequence
analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~108 m and covering the road
on the northern & southern side of the Loading Arm and part of new LNG Storage area. The jet
fire radiation intensity of 30kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 47, 48, 59 &
67 and covering the road in northern & southern side & Pipe Rack on southern side of Loading
Arm. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to 137 &185 m
respectively from the source point and covering road inside facility , Pipe Rack & part of existing
LNG Storage Tank & new LNG Storage Tank on southern side of Loading Arm.

Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Metering Yard Loading Arms Rupture (Refer
Annexure-II, Figures 7.1.1 to 7.1.3): ): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that
LFL is realized up to a distance of ~17m, it is not realized at grade. The jet fire radiation intensity
of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 25, 27, 33 & 37 and covering the
road in the eastern, western& northern side of the Metering Yard. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave
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overpressure effect distances is realized up to 16 &24 m respectively from the source point and
covering part of STV area.

Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Hot Oil Pump Discharge (Refer Annexure-II,
Figures 8.1.1 to 8.1.4): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up
to a distance of ~37 m and covering the road on the northern, eastern & western side of the Hot
Oil Pump and N2 Package Area, Substation Building and CPP Area. The jet fire radiation
intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 25, 26, 32 & 38 and
covering the road on eastern, northern & western side Hot Oil Pump and Substation Building and
CPP Area. The pool fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is
realized up to 36, 40, 62&77 and covering the road on eastern, western and northern side,
substation building, CPP, proposed air compressor, air compressor house and Cooling water
tower. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to 41 & 55 m
respectively from the source point and covering Substation Building.

Hot Oil Storage Tank on Fire: The pool fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2
and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 10, 12, 21 & 27 m.

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7 MAJOR FINDINGS& RECOMMENDATIONS

The detailed consequence analysis of release of hydrocarbon in case of major credible scenarios
are modeled in terms of release rate, dispersion, flammability and toxic characteristics, which
have been discussed in detail in the report. The major findings and recommendations based on
maximum effect zone distance from risk analysis are summarized below:

a) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Discharge of Intank LP Pump ( Refer

Annexure-II, Figures 1.1.1 to 1.1.3 ): From the consequence analysis of the selected failure
scenario, it was observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~32 m at the height of 42
m and not reaching to ground. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2
and 5 kW/m2 not realized at grade level. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure is realized
up to 42&58 m respectively from the source point and have impact on new LNG Storage
Tank.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors near new LP LNG Pump for early
leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment & inventory isolation
and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

b) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge ( Refer
Annexure-II, Figures 2.1.1 to 2.1.3 ) : From the consequence analysis of the selected failure
scenario, it was observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~82 m. LFL hazardous
zone is covering the road on the eastern, western & northern side of the HP Pumps, part of
LNG Storage tanks, part of STV area, metering yard and part of existing HP LNG Pump
House. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is
realized up to 63, 65, 78 & 87 m. Radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2 covering road on
western, northern & eastern side of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western &
northern side of the HP LNG Pump, part of Metering Skid, part of STV Area & part of pipeline
dispatch area and 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is covering road on northern, eastern & western side
of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western & northern side of the HP LNG
Pump, part of Metering Skid, part of STV Area of High Pressure LNG Pumps, part of LNG
Storage Tanks. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to
102 &131 m respectively from the source point and covering the Control Room, Pipeline
Dispatch Station Area , LNG Storage Tanks (new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell &
Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of BOG Compressor Room.

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Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the eastern, western and northern side of the
HP Pumps through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall
be allowed on this road.

 The Existing Control Room is being affected due to blast overpressure generated from
proposed new HP LNG pump instrument tapping failure so same needs to be revalidated
through QRA to be carried out during detail engineering and accordingly suitable
mitigation measure shall be adopted during detail engineering.

 Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors within the new HP LNG Pump House
for early leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment & inventory
isolation and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

 Roads on northern, eastern & western side of the HP LNG Pumps are getting affected due
to Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as
escape routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster
management plan.

c) Flange Leakage (10mm leak) at High Pressure LNG Pump Discharge ( Refer Annexure-
II, Figures 2.2.1 to 2.2.3):From the consequence analysis of the selected failure scenario, it
was observed that LFL may spread up to a distance of ~32 m. LFL hazardous zone is
covering the road on the eastern side of the HP Pumps. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30
kW/m2, 25 kW/m2 , 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 34, 35, 42 & 47 m and covering
road on eastern side of the high Pressure LNG Pump, pipe Rack on western& northern side
of the HP LNG Pump, part of STV Area. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect
distances is realized up to 41& 55 m respectively from the source point and covering the LNG
Storage Tanks (new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of
BOG Compressor Room.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the eastern side of the HP Pumps through
suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this
road.

 Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors within the new HP LNG Pump House
for early leak detection and develop procedures to stop rotating equipment & inventory
isolation and for safe evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

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 Roads on eastern side of the HP LNG Pumps is getting affected due to Jet Fire radiation
intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes during this
emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.

d) Flange Joint Leak (10mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet (Refer Annexure-II,
Figures 3.1.1 to 3.1.3):From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized
up to a distance of ~32 m. The LFL hazardous zone is covering some part of the road on
western side of the STV. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and
5 kW/m2 is realized up to 34, 35, 42 & 47 and covering the Pipe Rack on the eastern side &
Road on the western side of STV. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances
is realized up to 41&55 m respectively from the source point and covering HP LNG Pumps,
New & Existing Metering Yard, Existing STV Unit and LNG Storage Tanks (new/existing).

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the western side of the STV through suitable
means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this road.

 Roads on western side of the STV are getting affected due to Jet Fire radiation intensity of
5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes during this emergency
so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.

e) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet (Refer
Annexure-II, Figures 3.2.1 to 3.2.3) :

From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of
~82 m. The LFL hazardous zone is covering some part of the road on northern &western
side of the STV. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5
kW/m2 is realized up to 63, 65, 78 & 87 and covering the Pipe Rack on the eastern side &
Road on the northern, eastern & western side of STV. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave
overpressure effect distances is realized up to 102&131 m respectively from the source
point and covering the Control Room, Pipeline Dispatch Station Area, LNG Storage Tanks
(new/existing), existing HP Pump House, Shell & Tube Vaporiser Unit, part of BOG
Compressor Room, part of electrical substation.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the northern &western side of the STV through
suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this
road.
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 Roads on northern, eastern &western side of the STV are getting affected due to Jet Fire
radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes
during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.
 The Existing Control Room is being affected due to blast overpressure generated from
proposed new STV instrument tapping failure so same needs to be revalidated through
QRA to be carried out during detail engineering and accordingly suitable mitigation
measure shall be adopted during detail engineering.

 Ensure that there is minimum permanent occupancy in the electrical substation.

f) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet (Refer
Annexure-II, Figures 4.2.1 to 4.2.3) :

From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~17
m at height of 1m. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m 2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5
kW/m2 is realized up to 25, 27, 33 & 37 and covering pipe rack on eastern side & road on
western side. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up to 16
&24 m respectively from the source point.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the western side of the STV through suitable
means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be allowed on this road.

g) 10mm leak at Loading Arms (near Gantry Area) (Refer Annexure-II, Figures 5.1.1 to
5.1.3): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance
of ~38 m and covering the road on the northern & southern side of the Loading Arm. The jet
fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 25, 25,
29 & 33 and covering the road on northern & southern side of Loading Arm & Pipe Rack on
southern side of Loading Arm. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is
realized up to 41 &56 m respectively from the source point and covering road, Pipe Rack on
southern side of Loading Arm.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on the northern & southern side of the Loading
Arm through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be
allowed on this road.

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 Roads on southern side of the Loading Arm are getting affected due to Jet Fire radiation
intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape routes during this
emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management plan.

 Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors near Loading Arm area for early leak
detection and develop procedures to stop loading & inventory isolation and for safe
evacuation of personnel in case of loss of containment.

h) Loading Arms Rupture (~75 mm) (Refer Annexure-II, Figures 6.1.1 to 6.1.3 ): From the
consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a distance of ~108 m and
covering the road on the northern & southern side of the Loading Arm and part of new LNG
Storage area. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is
realized up to 47, 48, 59 & 67 and covering the road in northern & southern side & Pipe Rack
on southern side of Loading Arm. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is
realized up to 137 &185 m respectively from the source point and covering road inside facility
, Pipe Rack & part of existing LNG Storage Tank & new LNG Storage Tank on southern side
of Loading Arm.

Based on the above following is recommended

 This scenario shall be considered in formulating disaster management plan of the LNG
Terminal as it is low failure frequency scenario

i) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Metering Yard (Refer Annexure-II, Figures
7.1.1 to 7.1.3): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized up to a
distance of ~17m, it is not realized at grade. The jet fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25
kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2is realized up to 25, 27, 33 & 37 and covering the road in the
eastern, western& northern side of the Metering Yard. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave
overpressure effect distances is realized up to 16 &24 m respectively from the source point
and covering part of STV area.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Roads on eastern, western & northern side of the Metering Yard are getting affected due
to Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as
escape routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster
management plan.

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j) Instrument Tapping Failure (20mm leak) at Hot Oil Pump Discharge (Refer Annexure-II,
Figures 9.1.1 to 9.1.4): From the consequence analysis, it was observed that LFL is realized
up to a distance of ~37 m and covering the road on the northern, eastern & western side of
the Hot Oil Pump and N2 Package Area, Substation Building and CPP Area. The jet fire
radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and 5 kW/m2 is realized up to 25, 26, 32
& 38 and covering the road on eastern, northern & western side Hot Oil Pump and Substation
Building and CPP Area.The pool fire radiation intensity of 30 kW/m2, 25 kW/m2, 9 kW/m2 and
5 kW/m2 is realized up to 36, 40, 62&77 and covering the road on eastern, western and
northern side, substation building, CPP, proposed air compressor, air compressor house and
Cooling water tower. The 3 and 1 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances is realized up
to 41 & 55 m respectively from the source point and covering Substation Building.

Based on the above following is recommended:

 Restrict vehicle movements on the road on northern, eastern & western side of the Hot Oil
Pump through suitable means. Only emergency vehicles or authorized vehicles shall be
allowed on this road.

 Roads on eastern, western & northern side of the Hot Oil Pump are getting affected due to
Jet Fire radiation intensity of 5 kW/m2 which will impair these roads to be used as escape
routes during this emergency so this scenario shall be covered in disaster management
plan.
 Substation Building is getting affected due to jet fire, it is recommended to keep the entry
and exit to the building outside the effect zone of jet fire thermal radiation intensity of 25
KW/m2for safe entry & exit to the building.
 Permanent occupancy level in the SS shall be decided based on QRA to be carried out
during detail engineering.
 Ensure that the entry & exit to the substation building are outside the effect zone of pool
fire thermal radiation intensity of 25 KW/m2.
 Ensure that inlet of fresh air intake of the substation building (on the eastern side of the hot
oil facility) shall be opposite side of Hot oil facility with adequate numbers of detectors
(HC) in the inlet fresh air duct of HVAC for detecting flammable vapors and actuating
interlock for closing air damper in fresh air duct.

General Recommendations

 Low frequency failure scenarios such as Loading Arm rupture discussed in this report shall
be considered in formulating disaster management plan of the LNG Terminal.

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 To enable rapid detection of leak/ fire, HC (point or open path) gas and UV/IR Flame
detectors shall be located in strategic location in the facility.
 In order to prevent secondary incident arising from any failure scenario, it is recommended
that sprinklers and other protective devices provided on the tanks to be regularly checked
to ensure that they are functional.
 Proper checking of contract people for Smoking or Inflammable materials to be ensured at
entry gates to avoid presence of any unidentified source of ignition.
 It shall be ensured that all the vehicles entering the plant shall be provided with spark
arrestors at the exhaust.
 Employees and Truck drivers must be well trained and must be aware of the hazards
involved in the loading operation.
 The critical operating steps shall be displayed on the board near the location where
applicable.
 Loading operations shall be immediately suspended in the event of leak, a fire in the
vicinity, lightning and thunder storm.
 Clearly marked escape routes shall be provided in the gantry for ease of escape.
 Mock drills to be organized at organization level to ensure preparation of the personnel‟s
working in premises for handling any hazardous situation.
 Active fire protection system shall be provided throughout the facility for preventing
escalation of fire.
 Recommended to use portable HC detector during sampling and maintenance etc.

i. Mitigating Measures

Mitigating measures are those measures in place to minimize the loss of containment
event and, hazards arising out of Loss of containment. These include:

 Early detection of an undesirable event (HC, Flame etc.) and development of subsequent
quick isolation mechanism.
 Measures for controlling / minimization of Ignition sources inside the operating area.
 Active and Passive Fire Protection for critical equipment‟s and major structures
 Effective Emergency Response plans to be in place

ii. Ignition Control

 Ignition control will reduce the likelihood of fire events. This is the key for reducing the risk
within facilities processing flammable materials. As part of mitigation measure it is strongly

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recommended to consider minimization of the traffic movement in the vicinity of operating

area.

iii. Escape Routes

 Ensure sufficient escape routes from the site are available to allow redundancy in escape
from all areas.
 Ensure sufficient number of windsocks throughout the site to ensure visibility from all
locations. This will enable people to escape upwind or crosswind from flammable releases.
 Provide sign boards marking emergency/safe roads to be taken during any exigencies.

iv. Preventive Maintenance for Critical Equipment’s

 In order to reduce the failure frequency of critical equipment‟s, the following are
recommended:

a. High head pumps which are in flammable services, are needed to be identified.
i. Their seals, instruments and accessories are to be monitored closely
ii. A detailed preventive maintenance plan to be prepared and followed.

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8 GLOSSARY

CASUALTY Someone who suffers serious injury or worse i.e. including fatal
injuries. As a rough guide fatalities are likely to be half the total
casualties. But this may vary depending on the nature of the event.
HAZARD A chemical or physical condition with the potential of causing
damage.
FLAMMABILITY LIMITS In fuel-air systems, a range of compositions exists inside which a
(UFL – LFL) flame will propagate substantial distance from an
ignition source. The limiting fuel concentrations are termed as
Upper flammability or explosives limit (Fuel concentrations
exceeding this are too rich) and Lower flammability or explosives
limit (Fuel concentrations below this are too lean).
FLASH FIRE The burning of a vapor cloud at very low flame propagation speed.
Combustion products are generated at a rate low enough for
expansion to take place easily without significant overpressure
ahead or behind the flame front. The hazard is therefore only due to
thermal effects.
OVERPRESSURE Maximum pressure above atmosphere pressure experiences during
the passage of a blast wave from an explosion expressed in this
report as pounds per square inch (psi).
EXPLOSION A rapid release of energy, which causes a pressure discontinuity or
shock wave moving away from the source. An explosion can be
produced by detonation of a high explosive or by the rapid burning
of a flammable gas cloud. The resulting overpressure is sufficient to
cause damage inside and outside the cloud as the shock wave
propagation into the atmosphere beyond the cloud. Some authors
use the term deflagration for this type of explosion
DOMINO EFFECT The effect that loss of containment of one installation leads to loss
of containment of other installations
PASQUILL CLASS Classification to qualify the stability of the atmosphere, indicated by
a letter ranging from A, for very unstable, to F, for stable.
FREQUENCY The number of times an outcome is expected to occur in a given
period of time.

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9 REFERENCES
1. NFPA 59A, Standard for the Production, Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG).
2. Climatological Tables of Observatories in India (1981-2010)
3. Classification of hazardous locations, A. W. Cox, F. P. Lees and M. L. Ang, Published by
the Institute of Chemical engineers, U. K.
4. The reference manual, Volume-II, Creemer& Warner Ltd. U. K. (Presently Entec).
5. Risk analysis of six potentially hazardous industrial objects in the Rijnmond area; A pilot
study. A report to the Rijnmond Public Authority. D. Riedel publishing company, U. K.
6. Loss prevention in the process industries, Hazard identification, Assessment and Control,
Frank. P. Lees (Vol. I, II & III), Published by Butterworth-Heinemann, U. K.
7. AICHE, CCPS, Chemical process Quantitative Risk Analysis
8. Guideline for Quantitative Risk assessment, „Purple book‟.

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 ANNEXURE-I
CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS HAZARD DISTANCES
 Consequence Analysis Hazard Distances
Operating Conditions Jet Fire (m) Pool Fire (m) Over Pressure (m)
Leak Rate State Weather LFL LFL Fraction
Unit / Facility Sl. No. Equipment Failure Case
Temp. Press. (Kg/s) Liquid /Gas Condition (m) (m)
5 kW/m2 9 kW/m2 25 kW/m2 30 kW/m2 5 kW/m2 9 kW/m2 25 kW/m2 30 kW/m2 1 psi 3 psi 5 psi
(OC) (Kg/cm2g)

1.5 /A 28 37 - - - - - - - - 41 29 26
Instrument Tapping Failure
1 In tank LP Pump discharge -165 10 5.50 Liq 1.5 / F 30 42 - - - - - - - - 42 29 27
(20mm)

2/E 32 45 - - - - - - - - 58 42 39

1.5 /A 17 22 - - - - 24 16 14

2 In tank LP Pump discharge Flange Leakage (10mm) -165 10 1.40 Liq 1.5 / F 18 27 - - - - 24 16 14

2/E 19 28 - - - - 25 16 15

1.5 /A 82 193 87 78 65 63 - - - - 131 102 96

Instrument Tapping Failure
3 High Pressure LNG Pump discharge -165 90 16.40 Liq 1.5 / F 80 176 87 78 65 63 - - - - 125 94 87
(20mm)

2/E 81 184 84 75 62 60 - - - - 133 103 97

1.5 /A 28 82 47 42 35 34 53 40 37

4 High Pressure LNG Pump discharge Flange Leakage (10mm) -165 90 4.20 Liq 1.5 / F 32 82 47 42 35 34 55 41 38

2/E 31 82 45 40 33 32 54 40 37

1.5 /A 28 82 47 42 35 34 - - - - 53 40 38

5 Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet Flange Joint Leakage (10mm) -165 90 4.10 Liq 1.5 / F 32 82 47 42 35 34 - - - - 55 41 38

2/E 31 82 45 40 33 32 - - - - 54 40 37

1.5 /A 82 193 87 78 65 63 131 102 96

Instrument Tapping Failure
6 Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet -165 90 16.80 Liq 1.5 / F 80 160 87 78 65 63 125 94 87
(20mm)

2/E 81 184 84 75 62 60 133 103 97

1.5 /A 8 16 18 16 13 13 - - - - - - -

LNG Terminal 7 Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet Flange Joint Leakage (10mm) 7 90 1.20 Gas 1.5 / F 8 17 18 16 13 13 - - - - - - -

2/E 8 16 18 16 13 13 - - - - - - -

1.5 /A 17 36 37 33 27 25 24 16 14
Instrument Tapping Failure
8 Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet 7 90 5.20 Gas 1.5 / F 17 40 37 33 27 25 24 16 14
(20mm)

2/E 17 40 37 33 27 25 24 16 14

1.5 /A 34 62 33 29 25 25 - - - - 52 39 37

9 Loading Arm Leakage 10 mm -165 10 1.37 Liq 1.5 / F 38 72 33 29 25 25 - - - - 56 41 38

2/E 35 64 32 28 23 23 - - - - 53 40 37

1.5 /A 93 132 67 59 48 47 - - - - 150 116 109

10 Loading Arm Rupture 75mm -165 10 6.88 Liq 1.5 / F 108 172 67 59 48 47 - - - - 185 137 126

2/E 94 143 64 57 46 44 - - - - 156 118 111

1.5 /A 17 36 37 33 27 25 - - - - 24 16 14
Instrument Tapping Failure
11 Metering Yard 7 90 5.17 Gas 1.5 / F 17 40 37 33 27 25 - - - - 24 16 14
(20mm)

2/E 17 40 37 33 27 25 - - - - 24 16 14

1.5 /A 31 51 38 32 26 25 77 62 40 36 52 39 37

Instrument Tapping Failure

12 Hot Oil Pump Discharge 25 2.7 2.50 Liquid 1.5 / F 37 66 38 32 26 25 77 62 40 36 55 41 38
(20mm)

2/E 33 54 37 32 25 24 77 62 41 38 53 40 37

1.5 /A _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 20 11 9 _ _ _

13 Hot Oil Storage Tank Tank on fire 25 1 _ Liquid 1.5 / F _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 20 11 9 _ _ _

2/E _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 21 12 10 _ _ _

Note
Distances mentioned in the "Red" color are not realized at the ground.
 ANNEXURE-II
Consequence Analysis Contours
1. In tank LP Pump discharge
Figure- 1.1.1: 20 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)

Not reached at grade level for this case.

Figure- 1.1.2: 20 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
Figure- 1.2.1: 10 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 1.2.2: 10 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
2. High Pressure LNG Pump discharge
Figure- 2.1.1: 20 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 2.1.2: 20 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 2.1.3: 20 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
Figure- 2.2.1: 10 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 2.2.2: 10 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 2.2.3: 10 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
3. Shell & Tube Vaporiser Inlet
Figure- 3.1.1: 10 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 3.1.2: 10 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 3.1.3: 10 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)

Figure: 3.1.3.1
Figure: 3.1.3.2
Figure- 3.2.1: 20 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m) :
Figure- 3.2.2: 20 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)

Figure- 3.2.2.1
Figure- 3.2.2.2
Figure- 3.2.3: 20 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)

Figure- 3.2.3.1
Figure- 3.2.3.2
4. Shell & Tube Vaporiser Outlet
Figure- 4.1.1: 10 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)

Not reached at grade level for this case.

Figure- 4.1.2: 10 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 4.2.1: 20 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 4.2.2: 20 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 4.2.3: 20 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
5. Loading Arm Leakage
Figure- 5.1.1: 10 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 5.1.2: 10 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 5.1.3: 10 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
6. Loading Arm Rupture
Figure- 6.1.1: Rupture; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 6.1.2: Rupture; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 6.1.3: Rupture; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
7. Metering Yard
Figure- 7.1.1: 20 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 7.1.2: 20 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 7.1.3: 20 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
8. Hot Oil Pump Discharge
Figure- 8.1.1: 20 mm leak; Flash Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 8.1.2: 20 mm leak; Jet Fire Distances (m)
Figure- 8.1.3: 20 mm leak; Blast Overpressure Distances (m)
Figure- 8.1.4: 20 mm leak; Pool Fire Distances (m)
 ANNEXURE-III
LNG TERMINAL PLOT PLAN
 800.00

37 38 1
SECURITY CABIN
7.5
7.0

(LNG TRUCK ENTRY GATE)

20.0 17.5
RAINWATER

30.0

50.3
32.0 HARVESTING POND-A

68.2
MAIN SECURITY BUILDING
32
12.0

2
MCP-69
MCP-68 40.0 MCP-67 MCP-64 MCP-63 MCP-60 HC MCP-59
12.0

15.0
MCP-84

HC HC HC HC HC
17.8 GMS-63
TLF-4 HC
PLANT FIRE
30A

20.0
ADMIN BUILDING -1
3 47

160.3
24.8

GMS-62
TLF-3
7

17.9
( STOREY BUILDING)
TOTAL AREA -128.49 ACRES
STATION BUILDING 16.0

53.7
43
38.8 329.9 GMS-55

HC 12 HC TLF-2 WEIGH BRIDGE S.NO: DESCRITION SIZE QTY.

16.0
373.7
GMS-54
WEIGH
30

22.0
PIPE LINE

8.0
TLF-1
WORKSHOP CONTROL ROOM 15.0 44 BRIDGE
CABIN
1 SECURITY CABIN (LNG TRUCK ENTRY GATE 12M WIDE) 4.2Mx3.3M 1
STORE BUILDING DESPATCH MCP-61

LAWN 14.3 MCP-82

HC MAIN SECURITY BUILDING
2 32Mx12M 1

55.2
STATION

50.0
11
GMS-53
10.5

6 8 9 3 ADMIN BUILDING -1 (2 STOREY BUILDING) 30.8Mx24.8M 1

MCP-58

HC 28.1
HC
4 ADMIN BUILDING -2 38Mx28.1M 1
MCP-66 MCP-65 MCP-62
MCP-70
HC
HC HC HC HC HC 5 CANTEEN/AMENITY BUILDING 25.7Mx18.3M 1
FIRST AID /OPERATIONAL MCP-83 19.2 HC
4 25.7 HEALTH CENTER ROOM 21.2 6 FIRST AID /OPERATIONAL HEALTH CENTER ROOM 14.3Mx10.2M 1
35.0

21.2

54.6
ADMIN BUILDING -2 12.3 7 PLANT FIRE STATION BUILDING 17.8Mx17.9M 1
CANTEEN/AMENITY
BUILDING LABORATORY
18.3

ROOM 8 STORE 21.2Mx50.0M 1

44.0
14.5
5 10 29
LAWN 9 WORKSHOP BUILDING 21.2Mx50.0M 1

10 LABORATORY 12.3Mx14.5M 1

HC 31.2 11 CONTROL ROOM 19.2Mx55.2M 1

HC
MCP-72 MCP-71
HC 12 PIPE LINE DESPATCH STATION 16Mx22M 1
HC HC
54.3 LNG STORAGE TANK
GMS-38 50.0
LNG STORAGE TANK 13 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION 80Mx19M 1
HC
13A PROPOSED ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION 83Mx24.5M 1
GMS-37 Ø82.0 Ø82.0
MCP-21
47.3 14 NITROGEN STORAGE 30KL CAP./ N2 PACKAGE 31Mx20M 1

GMS-36
Ø82x36.54 HIGH Ø82x36.54 HIGH 15 AIR COMPRESSOR HOUSE (3 NOS. OF COMPRESSOR) 40.8Mx26M 1
180,000 CUM 180,000 CUM
28 31A

22.6
28A 16 HSD STORAGE INSTALLATION (40KL) 32.4Mx15M 1
GMS-35
(FUTURE) 31A (FUTURE)
MCP-28
17 CAPTIVE POWER PLANT( 3 NOS. GEG-9.36 MW EACH) 72Mx44M 1
MCP-20
GMS-34

MCP-73
16.4 17A PROPOSED CAPTIVE POWER PLANT( 2 NOS. GTGS) 85Mx45M 2

18 D.G SETS (1000 KVA) 28Mx6.0M 1

HC
18A D.G SET (750 KVA) 28Mx6.0M 1

5.9
HC

35
19 DAY TANK 900LTS 1
HC HC HC HC HC
19A DAY TANK 900LTS 1

20 AMBIENT AIR HEATERS (TOTAL-88 FANS) (2x32FANS & 1x24 FANS) 33Mx75M 3

27A 20A PROPOSED AMBIENT AIR HEATERS (TOTAL-88 FANS) (2x32FANS & 1x24 FANS) 33Mx75M 3

94
MCP-5 MCP-6

47.0
.0

354.9
26A
21 FORCED DRAFT AIR VAPOURISER (30 NOS) 17.8x46.6M 1

0.0
22 FIRE WATER POND (58Mx62Mx2Mx4 NOS.)(1576Mx22Mx2Mx1 NO.) 31348 CUM 5

406.4
MCP-19
23 FLARE STACK 60M HIGH 1

HC HC 24 MSO COMPRESSOR ROOM (1NO. COMPRSSOR) 35Mx17M 1

GMS-1 GMS-14 GMS-15

26A 27A GMS-28

25 BOG COMPRESSOR ROOM ( 3NOS. OF COMPRESSORS) 33Mx17M 1

291.3

GMS-2 GMS-16
34

MCP-74 MCP-75 GMS-13

MCP-27
2.2

MCP-76
GMS-27
GMS-11

LNG STORAGE TANK GMS-26

26 SHELL & TUBE VAPOURISER UNIT (6 NOS. OF STV UNITS) 91Mx30M 1
50.0

650.00
650.00

GMS-3
GMS-10 LNG STORAGE TANK GMS-17

GMS-25 26A PROPOSED SHELL & TUBE VAPOURISER UNIT (6 NOS. OF STV UNITS) 91Mx30M 1
30.0
Ø82.0
HC HC HC MCP-1 Ø82.0 113.7 27 HP LNG PUMP HOUSE (5 NOS. OF PUMPS) 58Mx30M 1
GMS-34 GMS-4 GMS-18
MCP-2
MCP-18 MCP-3 MCP-4
27A PROPOSED HP LNG PUMP HOUSE (5 NOS. OF PUMPS) 58Mx30M 1
HC 5.0 Ø82x36.54 HIGH
R1
GMS-5 GMS-20

HC DV MCP-17
Ø82x36.54 HIGH 31 180,000 CUM
31 MCP-8
28 METERING YARD 22.6Mx16.4M 1
SUBSTATION BUILDING (FUTURE) HC 180,000 CUM
19.0 30.0 GMS-9 GMS-24
GMS-6 GMS-21 28A PROPOSED METERING YARD 31.2Mx44.0M 1
HP LNG PUMP HOUSE HC
13A GMS-7
GMS-8 GMS-23

GMS-22
29 PIPELINE DESPATCH METERING YARD 44Mx19.2M 1
6.2
45 HC
GMS-46
27 HC
SHELL & TUBE VAPOURISER MCP-15
30 TANK LORRY FILLING STATION (LOADING BAYS-2NOS) 15Mx 16M 1
13.9

UNIT GMS-45
MCP-16 30A TANK LORRY FILLING STATION (LOADING BAYS-2 NOS.) 15Mx20M 1

.4
MCP-77
20.0 GMS-33

26

97
MCP-26

DV 31 LNG STORAGE TANK (180,000 CUM CAPACITY EACH) 82M DIA.x36.5M HIGH 2
17A GMS-44 GMS-32

14 HC 31A PROPOSED LNG STORAGE TANK (180,000 CUM CAPACITY EACH) 82M DIA.x36.5M HIGH 2

65.1
MCP-83

CAPTIVE POWER PLANT (FUTURE) GMS-43

HC RAIN WATER HARVESTING POND
ELECTRICAL 32 40Mx30M 2
31.0

GMS-54 GMS-55
SUBSTATION 38.0
80.0

91.0

GMS-42

MCP-25 GMS-29
MCP-14
33 UTILITY WATER TANK 15MX4M 1

13 GMS-61 GMS-24
GMS-30
MCP-11
HC
MCP-10 MCP-9

34 COOLING WATER TOWER 2.4x2.5M 1

GMS-31
HC
HC HC HC 35
HC
MCP-23
MCP-13

HC
35 WATER TREAMENT SKID 13Mx4M 1
GMS-60

4.0
MCP-81
MCP-79 36 SECURITY CABIN (JETTY GATE) - 1
HC 13.0
63.0

GMS-57
46 HC GMS-59
MCP-22
GMS-40
MCP-21
BOG COMPRESSOR ROOM
37 TWO WHEELER PARKING SHED 20Mx7M 1
MCP-78
.1 25 62.0
40.8

116
GMS-58
15 33.01 GMS-39 MCP-12
MCP-58

38 LABOUR REST ROOM 17.5Mx7.5M 1

MCP-57
HC
2.4 39 GLYCOL WATER DRAIN SUMP 5.0Mx7.5M 1

58.0

58.0
CAPTIVE POWER PLANT 7.5
34 FIRE PUMP HOUSE FIRE WATER POND

26.0
2.4

40 IMPOUNDING BASIN 6.0Mx6.0M 1

5.0

MCP-21
FIRE WATER POND
44.0

17 18A 18 42 22
R4.5 DCP-17 6.0 22 41 DIESEL DAY TANK 900 LTS. (FOR FIRE PUMPS) 2.0Mx1.3M 5
5.5

266.5 WM
39
6.0

4.5
15.0

GMS-65 MCP-85 GMS-53

28.0
GMS-64
HC 42 FIRE PUMP HOUSE 33Mx26.0M 1
40
6.0

GMS-66

16
17.0

MCP-82

DV
5.5

307.5 GMS-67 24 .6
33.0 98.3
62.0 43 WEIGHT BRIDGE FOR ROAD TANKER 4Mx26M 1
32.4 19 MSO COMPRESSOR ROOM 121
72.0 41
.3

HC DCP-16 HC HC MCP-86
44 WEIGHT BRIDGE CABIN 4.5Mx6.0M 1
86

MCP-80 19A 35.0 22

HC 45 PROPOSED HOT OIL STORAGE TANK & PUMP AREA 11.0Mx16.0M 1

FIRE WATER POND

209.7
(NOTE 11) 46 PROPOSED AIR COMPRESSOR 9.0Mx5.0M 1
33.4

HC

157.6
44.0

4.0 WM HC 392.6 PROPOSED PANEL ROOM FOR DCS

33.0 33.0 MCP-55
47 19.0Mx21.5M 1
33.0 23 FLARE STACK
15.0

MCP-30
MCP-31 MCP-32 22.0
HC HC
33 HC

17.8 64.0 64.0

MCP-35 MCP-34 MCP-33
MCP-56

GMS-46

20A HC GMS-46 GMS-46

20 MCP-42

GMS-47

AMBIENT AIR HEATER FUTURE 20 AMBIENT AIR HEATER FIRE WATER POND FIRE WATER POND
72.9

56.0

56.0
75.0

GMS-49 GMS-48
74.5

R9
20

0.0
46.6

21 22 22 LEGEND :-
HC
OUTER BOUNDARY WALL (3M HEIGHT)
FORCED DRAFT
AIR VAPOURISER PIPE RACK
AMBIENT AIR HEATER AMBIENT AIR HEATER HC
INNER CHAIN LINK FENCING (1.8M HEIGHT )
GMS-50GMS-51 GMS-52

MCP-38
FIRE WATER LINE
MCP-41
HC
MCP-36 MCP-37
HC HC MCP-54
36 DOUBLE HYDRANT VALVE
MCP-54 MCP-55

HC HOSE BOX

MCP-1
MANNUL CALL POINT - 86 NOS.

GAS MONITORING SYSTEM -67 NOS.

40.6 MCP-39 MCP-40 MCP-53
GMS-1

EXISTING

FUTURE EXPANSION

32
30.0
X

IndianOil LNG Pvt Ltd

800.00
TITLE:
PLAN SHOWING LNG IMPORT, STORAGE &
RE-GASIFICATION TERMINAL AND EXPANSION FACILITIES

DRG NO; 19200-0102-8230-01-0201 DATE :05.12.2022 SCALE: l :1000 REV -Z7

 ANNEXURE- VI

CRZ STUDY REPORT AND MAPS

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Regd. Office : Engineers India Bhawan, 1, Bhikaiji Cama Place , New Delhi – 110066