Dr.

Muhammad Khalil Moussa

(WhatsApp) 002 01000190890
1- Some people believe that celebrities have a positive effect on society, while others think
that their effect is harmful and negative. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst opponents hold the view that some influencers have
detrimental effects on the community, proponents have a diverse perspective. (O) However, I
am a staunch believer that some entertainers positively affect youth because their doings are
moral and appropriate. (T) In this essay, both perspectives, along with my point of view, will
be demonstrated.
(T) On the one hand, a category of individuals believes that singers, actors, or football players
have detrimental effects on the community, and they do not have a salient role in society
compared to other vocations. (E) In other words, if teachers who rear a myriad of generations
or doctors who put at least ten years of their lives in hectic study and saving people's lives are
followed and imitated by youth, they will help their society more than famous figures that
spread violence, erroneous (wrong) thoughts and immoral behaviours. (X) For instance, the
superstar" Mohamed Ramadan" receives millions of pounds for presenting violent content
that pervades (spread) atrocities, smoking, or even drinking alcoholics. (S) Thus, what can be
said is that this enormous appreciation (pays) received by errant (misbehaving) entertainers
provoke (affect) workers in other hard-working professions.
(T) On the other hand, some celebrities are worthy of being praised because they have an
indispensable role. (E) To illustrate, when some glamorous characters have positive roles
towards the association like donations for health foundations and awareness campaigns, they
constructively influence adolescents. (X) This can be exemplified by the Egyptian footballer
"Mohamed Salah" who encouraged a plethora of young people to combat addiction by the
anti-drug campaign. (S) Therefore, not only do these luminaries deserve massive funds, but
they also should be honoured by appreciation awards as it becomes lucid (clear) that some
megastars can rebuild morals in the world.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that some influencers inspire and admonish (advise) youth from crooked (zigzag or
bad) directions. (O) I am convinced that exemplary (good) repute public figures are worthy
of being well-paid.

Word Definition Translation

epoch Period of time ‫ﻓﺗره زﻣﻧﯾﮫ‬
salient prominent ‫ واﺿﺢ‬- ‫ﺑﺎرز‬
erroneous wrong ‫ﺧﺎطﺊ‬
pervades spread ‫ﯾﻧﺗﺷر‬
appreciation pays ‫ﺗﻘدﯾر‬
errant misbehaving ‫ﺳوء ﺗﺻرف‬
provoke affect ‫ﯾؤﺛر‬
lucid clear ‫واﺿﺢ‬
admonish advice ‫ﻧﺻﯾﺣﮫ‬
crooked zigzag or bad ‫ﺳﻲء‬
exemplary good ‫ﺟﯾد‬
1
2- Some people think that art is an essential subject for children at school while others think
that it is a waste of time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents hold the view that art is a crucial
subject, opponents and I believe that this subject is wasting their time because it may hinder
students from spending ample (sufficient) time learning other scientific materials. (T ) My
contention will be further explained.

(T) On the one hand, despite disagreeing that art should be a salient subject like other core
materials, some advocates believe that art facilitates the intellectual development of children.
(E) This means that when the scholar's mind is armed with creative skills, he can learn other
things promptly and efficiently. (X) For example, a study conducted by the University of
Oxford, England, revealed that pupils who have studied artistry learn a new lesson faster than
students who did not. (S) Hence, what can be said is that crafts are not quintessential in
strengthening the learners' academic standards, but mental math is more pivotal to revive
cognitive skills.

(T) On the other hand, opponents and I are convinced that art is not a practical subject, and
incorporating such modules in the school curriculum could negatively affect (no the) pupils
because these might hamper their future. (E) In other words, when students focus on subjects
other than extra-curriculum activities, they are considered a gateway to securing a job in a
multinational company. (X) To illustrate, a recent survey conducted by Times Magazine which
has shown that many science graduates get better job offers, whereas some artists struggle to
earn their livelihood. (S) Hence, scientific subjects are not only pivotal to attain thriving jobs,
but they also empower scholars to apply to prestigious universities.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though art would ameliorate communication skills, other core subjects
are quintessential in achieving high qualifications and earnings. (O) Therefore, I am convinced
that art is a complete loss of time and cannot be a subject to study to earn a living.

Word Definition Translation

ample Sufficient ‫ﻣﺗﺷﺑﻊ‬
promptly Rapidly ‫ﺳرﯾﻊ‬
hamper Hinder ‫ﯾﻌﯾﻖ‬
attain gain ‫ﯾﻛﺳب‬
ameliorate improve ‫ﯾﺣﺳن‬

2
3- Studying art in school improves students' performance in other subjects, because it is
easier for multi-skilled students to learn new things. That's why art should be obligatory in
schools. Do you agree or disagree?

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents hold the view that art is a crucial subject
to enhance pupils to acquire many new subjects, I am of the belief that art should not be
compulsory because this subject is wasting time and it may hinder (embarrass) students from
spending ample (sufficient) time learning other scientific materials. (T) My convention will be
explained.

(T) On the one hand, despite disagreeing that art should be a salient subject like other core
materials, some advocates believe that art facilitates the intellectual development of children.
(E) This means that when the scholar's mind is armed with creative skills, he can learn other
things promptly and efficiently. (X) For example, a study conducted by the University of
Oxford, England, revealed that pupils who have studied artistry learn a new lesson faster than
students who did not. (S) Hence, what can be said is that crafts are not quintessential in
strengthening the learners' academic standards, but mental math is more pivotal to revive
cognitive skills.

(T) Nevertheless, opponents and I are convinced that art is not a practical subject, and
incorporating such modules in the school curriculum could negatively affect (no the) pupils
because these might hamper their future. (E) In other words, when students focus on subjects
other than extra-curriculum activities, they are considered a gateway to securing a job in a
multinational company. (X) To illustrate, a recent survey conducted by Times Magazine which
has shown that many science graduates get better job offers, whereas some artists struggle to
earn their livelihood. (S) Hence, scientific subjects are not only pivotal to attain thriving jobs,
but they also empower scholars to apply to prestigious universities.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though art would rekindle brainpower, other subjects are quintessential
to achieve high qualifications. (O) Therefore, I am convinced that art is a complete loss of time
and cannot be a mandatory subject to earn a living.

Word Definition Translation

hinder embarrass ‫ﯾﻌﯾﻖ‬
revive Energize-arouse ‫ﯾﺣﯾﻲ‬

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4- Plastic shopping bags contribute to the pollution of land and sea. Some people think they
should be banned. Do you agree or disagree?

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst plastic bag usage is increasing at an alarming rate,
opponents and I hold the view that they should be outlawed because oceans' marine life and
land have borne the brunt of drawbacks caused by their disposal. (T) My contention will be
further explained.

(T) To embark on, plastic bags have a detrimental effect on the environment because they
are non-biodegradable. (E) This means that when the bags are buried into the soil or thrown
into the ocean and wild animals eat them, plastic will enter the food chain, causing major
issues and even death when ingested. (X) For example, a hungry turtle may mistake a
transparent plastic bag for a jellyfishand eat it, where the turtle will choke on the plastic as it
cannot digest and die painfully. (S) Hence, what can be said is that it may take hundreds of
years for a plastic carrier to decompose into pieces.

(T) Moreover, plastic bags contain many toxic chemicals that will negatively affect the
surroundings when burnt. (E) In other words, if these harmful by-products are released into
the air and frequently inhaled, they will result in the development of lethal diseases like
cancer. (X) A prime example of this is research conductedby the World Health Organisation,
which revealed that a plethora of Chinese people had lung cancer due to air pollution. (S)
Therefore, not only does plastic affect air, but its chemicals may also affect the fertility of the
soil leading to a reduction in crops' yield because the roots of these plants may not be able to
penetrate through plastic particles to get nutrients from the soil.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that plastic packs have deleterious effects on marine life, air, and soil. O Finally, I
am convinced that plastic carriage use should be restricted.

Word Definition Translation

brunt Stress –burden ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻖ‬
contention Conflict -argument ‫اﻟﻧزاع‬
non-biodegradable Not dissolve by action of human ‫ﻻ ﯾﺗﺣﻠل‬
organism
decompose Dissolve ‫ﯾذﯾب‬
deleterious effects Negative ‫ﺳﻠﺑﻲ‬

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5- Teaching art in schools also improves students' performance in other subjects, because it
is easier for multi-skilled students to learn new things. That's why art should be obligatory
in schools. Do you agree or disagree?

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents hold the view that art is a crucial subject
in enhancing pupils to acquire many new subjects, opponents hold a diverse view. (T)
However, I am of the belief that art is pivotal because it empowers cogitating and creativity.
My convention will be explained.

(T) To embark on, learning art should be a salient subject like other core materials because it
facilitates the intellectual development of children. (E) This means that when the scholar's
mind is armed with creative skills, he can learn other things promptly and efficiently. (X) For
example, a study conducted by the University of Oxford, England, revealed that pupils who
have studied artistry learn a new lesson faster than students who did not. (S) Hence, what
can be said is that craftsare quintessential in strengthening the learners' academic standards.

(T) Furthermore, artistry broadens the thinking spectrum and promotes the child's problem-
solving skills. (E) In other words, when learning various forms of art, a student's ability to
think about a particular topic may be widened due to the varied work of art. (X) A prime
example of this is as per research led by the University of Cambridge, London, shows that
students who have studied the work of art have more solutions for a problem than those who
have not. (S) Eventually, art crafts cannot only extend pupils' thoughts, but they may also
help in elevating their interpersonal skills.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that creative subjects rekindle brainpower and extend their perspective towards
problem-solving skills. (O) Therefore, I believe that art is quintessential to be taught in schools
to promote highly qualified learners.

Word Definition Translation

cogitating reasoning ‫اﻷﺳﺑﺎب‬
rekindle glow ‫ﯾﺿﺊ‬

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6- Some people say history and music are important school subjects. Other people think
that, in today's world, subjects like science and technology are moreimportant than history.
Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples
from your own knowledge.

(R) music are not pivotal subjects in school curricula and the practical materials are
quintessential to be taught. (O) I am of the belief that the former subjects should not be
cancelled from the syllabi because history may help pupils to identify their country's historical
background and music help in academic progress.

(T) To embark on, history is a valuable subject because it helps learners understand their
cultural identity, norms, and religious variations. (E) In other words, when students study
history, the young generation can grasp an in-depth understanding of (not about) how their
civilization and country have experienced evolution over the centuries. (X) A prime example
of this is Egypt, which provides the history of ancient Egyptian culture and how the Pharaonic
civilization was formed. (S) Thus, history can give a sense of development, but it is also
pivotal for people to remember the past and cultural distinctiveness.

(T) Furthermore, musicology can also be integrated into the curriculum, and this is mainly for
academic purposes. (E) In other words, if young learners listen to songs while learning, this
will facilitate their academic progress since this addresses their auditory memory. (X) This can
be witnessed on YouTube, which provides a plethora of songs that help children acquire the
language while enjoying the beats. (S) Hence, what can be said is that without musical
chants (songs) andeducational songs, pupils will find the classroom monotonous and boring.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that museography and past archives are indispensable subjects and should be
included in curricula. (O) Therefore, I am convinced that learning about the motherland's
history strengthens the bonds of people to their homeland, and hymnology is a pedagogical
method to rekindle the academic performance.

Word Definition Translation

distinctiveness Dissimilar ‫ﯾﺧﺗﻠف‬
musicology Musical science ‫ﻋﻠم اﻟﻣوﺳﯾﻘﻰ‬
integrated unified ‫ﯾوﺣد‬
chants Songs ‫أﻏﺎﻧﻲ‬
monotonous Dreary -boring ‫ﻛﺋﯾب‬- ‫ﻣﻣل‬
museography Subject in the museum ‫اﻷﺛرﯾﺎت‬
hymnology Hymn study ‫اﻟﺗراﺗﯾل‬

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7- The government should invest in education and health care. Governments should invest
these funds in tourism. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents hold the view that funding tourism
should not be ignored, opponents and I hold the stance that this is a misuse of money
because public funds should be spent on education and medical care for economic and
health reasons. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, nations should prioritize investment in education because it is

quintessential in developing the economy in the long run. (E) In other words, the more the
authorities subsidize all educational stages, especially the third-level education, the more
skilled the workforce will be. (X) For example, Korea and Finland, which invested a high
proportion of their budget in education, have reaped benefits in terms of high-tech
companies such as Nokia and Samsung. (S) Hence, what can be said is that funding schools
leads to ameliorating productivity.

(T) Moreover, despite the fact that investing in education is pivotal for economic growth,
financing the health sector is paramount because a plethora of people goes to hospitals to get
treatments for ailments. (E) This means that if the authorities invest more funds into medical
research and high-technology medical equipment, proper medication of many malignant
diseases will be discovered. (X) A prime example of this is the United States and England,
which invested a high proportion of their budgets to find a vaccination to prevent the
widespread of Covid-19. (S) Accordingly, subsidizing health services cannot only be crucial for
the population's well-being, but it also has an indispensable role in the country's economic
progress.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that when it comes to funding, education and health should take precedence over
tourism due to their wellness-economic benefits. (O) Therefore, I am convinced that the
government ought to pump money into schools and hospitals to raise the long-term goals.

Word Definition Translation

stance position ‫ﻣوﻗف‬
subsidize Aid ‫ﯾﺳﺎﻋد‬
reaped gather ‫ﺣﺻﺎد‬
ailments Illness –physical disorder ‫ﻣرض‬

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8- Music plays a vital role in our country. How much has music influenced the way we think
today? What do you think is the key role of music in today's world?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, the role of music has grown at an unprecedented rate.
However, it can be witnessed that melodious songs have immensely impacted our thinking,
and they have a salient role in today's societies. (O) I believe that music is quintessential
because it supports academic achievement and keeps cultural identity. (T) My contention will
be further explained.

(T) To embark on, musicology has been integrated into the curriculum, and this is mainly for
academic purposes. (E) In other words, if learners listen to songs while learning, they will feel
rejuvenated, and this will facilitate their academic progress since this addresses their auditory
memory. (X) For example, as per a study conducted by researchers at Cairo University in the
Graduate Studies of Education Department, it was revealed that on the Scholastic Aptitude
Test (means SAT exam), students who hear music when studying can outperform those who
do not. (S) Hence, what can be said is that without musical chants, the challenging academic
studies would be monotonous and boring for pupils.

(T) Furthermore, museography is a valuable subject because it helps to keep the nations'
culture and traditions alive. (E) This means that when contemporary folklore music is
appreciated, it brings together many individuals from different parts of the country and
creates inside them a sense of belonging to their country. (X) A prime example of this is the
Egyptian musician Omar Khairat who holds concerts at the Cairo Opera House to keep our
heritage. (S) Eventually, musical melodies cannot only commemorate the art of our
ancestors, but they can also play a pivotal role in cultural distinctiveness.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that music has an indispensable role in getting the home country's citizens
together. (O) Therefore, I am convinced that listening to motherland music strengthens the
bonds of people to their homeland, and the musical chants are a pedagogical method to
rekindle academic performance.

Word Definition Translation

unprecedented Never experienced ‫ﻟم ﯾﺟرب‬
melodious Sweet music ‫ﻟﺣن‬
immensely extremely ‫اﻟﻰ ﺣد ﺑﻌﯾد‬
rejuvenated restore ‫اﻋﺎدة اﻟﺣﯾوﯾﮫ‬
Aptitude tendency ‫ﻓﺎﺑﻠﯾﮫ‬
commemorate remember ‫ذﻛرى‬
ancestors forebears ‫اﻷﺳﻼف‬

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9- Some people think that cities (civic areas) are the best places to live. Othersprefer to
live in rural areas.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

(B) In this contemporary epoch, urban sprawl has become a controversial argument. ( R+O)
Whilst some proponents believe that suburban areas are better places to reside in, opponents
and I are of the belief that residing in metropolises is moreconvenient due to better quality of
life and the educational amenities. (T) My perspective will be further explained.

(T) On the one hand, the chief advantages of the countryside are related to health, whereas
city-dwellers have a sedentary lifestyle and suffer from air pollution. (E) This means that when
living in rural areas, walking or riding bikes are the prominent transportation means, and this
can reduce air pollution, the risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. (X) For
example, a recent study conducted by the World Health Organization has found that the
lungs absorption of micro-particles due to car fumes is driving up cancer and asthma rates. (S)
Thus, what can be said is that the countryside presents an alternative environment where the
pure air can result in both short and long-term health benefits.

(T) On the other hand, rural areas offer limited opportunities for young people to upgrade
themselves while residing in urban areas can guarantee higher living standards and provide
profitable jobs with a lucrative payment. (E) This means that if youths relocate to find an
occupation in cities, they can have higher vocation positions with enormous salaries. (X) A
prime example is the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv, which is the heart of the business, where most
information technology companies are located. (A) Another merit is that the educational
facilities are of better standards in the metropolitan areas because students can attend the
most well-known prestigious universities. (S) Hence, the purpose of traveling is not only to
improve the financial position, but it is also for educational development.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that job hunting and joining a renowned university in a megalopolis are the main
reasons for departure from developing nations. (O) Thus, I am convinced that relocating to
capitals has a plethora of advantages.

Word Definition Translation

metropolises Large busy city ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻣﮫ‬
amenities Entertainments ‫وﺳﺎﺋل اﻟراﺣﮫ‬

metropolitan Inhabitant of large city ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﮫ‬

9
10- The best way to solve the world's environmental problems is to increase the costof fuel.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some people hold the view that increasing the fuel
price can be the solution to cope with the environmental issues, others hold a diverse view.
(O) However, I believe that other measures should be initiated because raising the fuel price
may lead to economic stagnation. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, although crowded roads are the leading cause of global warming,increasing
the fuel expense cannot minimize the global dependence on fuel. (E) This means that
when the price of fuels significantly upsurges, commuters still cannot suddenly curtail
(reduce) the tremendous demand for petrol because theirwork locations may be far-away.
(X) A prime example of this is Egypt; despite increasing the fuel price, many drivers cannot
dispense without their cars because they have to commute for long miles. (S) Thus, what can
be said is that whenever the value of petrol upsurges, the national economy would suffer
from recession because this may lessen the productivity rate of the industry.

(T) Nevertheless, over consuming fuel can be mitigated by providing a robust (sturdy) public
transport system and providing subsidies for residents who use it. (E) In other words, if
occupants have the alternative to commute via buses and trains, which are cheaper and more
comfortable, they will regularly start using them. (X) For example, London has a massive
network of trains and buses, which are quite affordable. (S) Hence, public transportation
means have not only been preferred by the locals to their private cars, but also it will result in
fewer vehicles in streets, which eventually means minor defilement (contamination).

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that increasing the fuel price will not reduce the global warming effects. (O)
Therefore, I believe that other alternative solid measures need to be implemented to tackle
this situation.

Word Definition Translation

stagnation stopping ‫اﯾﻘﺎف‬
upsurges advance ‫ﻣﺗﻘدم‬
curtail reduce ‫ﯾﻘﻠل‬
recession Decline in economy ‫اﻧﮭﯾﺎر اﻗﺗﺻﺎدي‬

robust Sturdy – healthy and strong ‫ﻗوي‬

defilement contamination ‫ﺗﻠوث‬

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11- With the increased global demand for oil and gas, undiscovered areas of the world
should be opened up to the access of more resources. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents hold the view that new spots for petrol
should be opened due to the overconsumption of fuel, opponents and I have a diverse view.
(O) Thus, I believe that untapped resources should not be explored because of the
environmental risk and the fact that there are other available renewable sources.

(T) To embark on, energy companies should not be granted access to unexplored areas
because of the potential environmental damage. (E) In other words, when non-renewable
energy resources are dug, the local ecosystems are damaged because they are often in
sensitive places, like the Arctic or the National Parksin America and Canada. (X) For example,
the Deep-water Horizon disaster which demonstrated how an oil spill could have a deleterious
effect on marine life in the local vicinity (area). (S) Hence, what can be said is that damaging
these untouched areas is a significant risk, and oil companies should be banned from starting
business there.

(T) Moreover, taking this risk becomes pointless because plenty of alternative energy
resources are available. (E) This means that if the industries were given enough funding, solar,
wind, and tidal energy could replace our reliance on oil and gas within 15 years. (X) A prime
example of this is the CEO of the solar city, Tesla Elon Musk, who recently demonstrated this
by drawing a small square on the map of the United States and stating confidently that
this small area could power the whole country if it is covered with solar powers. (S) Hence,
the use of solar energy does not only reduce the need for oil, but it also builds electric cars
rather than those with combustion engines may lessen fuel consumption.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that new oil locations should not be discovered, and other clean energy sources
should be used. (O) Therefore, I am convinced that sensitive areas should not be available for
fossil fuel companies.

Word Definition Translation

untapped Not used ‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬

dug Discover ‫ﯾﻌﺛر‬

combustion Disturbance ‫ﺗﺷﺗﯾت‬

11
12- Parents should take courses in parenting in order to improve the lives of their
children. To what extent do you agree?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents discern that parent education programs
are pivotal for rearing children, opponents have a diverse view. (O) However, I believe that
these workshops are quintessential to nurturing psychologically stable youth. (T) My
contention will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, parenting classes play an imperative role because they develop
communication skills between mothers and fathers and their infants. (E) This means that if
parents attend positive discipline workshops, these classes will bridge the generation gap
between preservers and their dependents and help caretakers understand the emotional
needs of their juveniles based on their age category. (X) An eminent example is that Denmark
and Sweden have been ranked as the best places in the world to raise children because of
their child-rearing parent education programs. (S) As a result, what can be said is that
parenting skills have a significant influence on most aspects of a child's development.

(T) Moreover, these programs help foster parents in knowing how to conserve their sons and
daughters from the detrimental effects of the cultural impacts and social media. (E) In
other words, when custodians attend such courses, they will know how to curtail the risk of
juniors' abuse, whether sexually or emotionally, by any offender due to the maltreatment of
their parents. (X) For example, a research study conducted by Washington University,
emphasizes that fostering programs lessen adolescents' exploitation and negative
externalizing behaviours (type of disorder) such as delinquency. (S) Thus, caregiver training is
not only pivotal for improving the mental health of offspring, but it is also crucial for
ameliorating parent-child interactions.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that educational upbringing programs have predominant consequences in raising
future millennials. (O) Moreover, I am convinced that the authorities should obligate parents
to join such programs before they plan to beget (have) a new-born.

Word Definition Translation

imperative necessary ‫ﺿروري‬
juveniles Immature – youthful ‫ﻏﯾر ﻧﺎﺿﺞ‬
delinquency Neglect duty ‫ﻣﮭﻣل ﻟﻠﻌﻣل‬
beget Effect production ‫ﯾﻧﺗﺞ‬

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13- Some people think that children have the freedom to make mistakes, while other
people believe that adults should prevent children from making mistakes. Discuss both
sides and give your opinion.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents reckon that children should be
allowed to make mistakes freely, opponents view that parents are responsible for
wrongdoings prevention. (O) However, I agree with the former view because this
promotes problem-solving skills. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) On the one hand, critics emphasize that flaws should be prevented before tragedies as far
as mental, psychological, or physical damage is concerned. (E) This means that when some
juveniles deal with strangers, custodians are cautious because they fear the risk of juniors'
abuse, whether sexually or emotionally, by an offender. (X) For instance, in Egypt, some
parents buy surveillance cameras to watch over their minors and even prevent their junior
from mixing with the wrong people or going to certain places that could have a negative
impact on them. (S) Thus, what can be said is that these caregivers are seeking perfectionism
because they feel satisfied when helping their children avoid making mistakes.

(T) On the other hand, advocates of the trial-and-error method often argue that parents
cannot be around their offspring all the time because minor mistakes during learning and
growth help the children acquire interpersonal skills. (E) In other words, when young boys and
girls experience inevitable (unavoidable) new things, they make mistakes, and many valuable
lessons can be learned through faults, which might not be taught by any educational method.
(X) For example, a child who did get hurt by playing with fire may be more cautious in such a
situation without being warned by an adult. (S) Hence, freedom in making mistakes cannot
only help minors not to be over-dependent on other people, but they can also solve
challenging hardships.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that although adults should supervise the young, they should be allowed to make
mistakes as long as there will be no harm upon them. (O) Therefore, I am convinced that
children should not be overprotected, but they should be given a chance to comprehend the
consequences of their flaws.

Word Definition Translation

reckon Consider ‫ﯾﻌﺗﺑر‬
inevitable unavoidable ‫ﺣﺗﻣﯾﺎ‬

13
14- Nowadays, many families have both parents working. Some working parents believe
that other family members like grandparents can take care of their children, while others
think that childcare centres provide the best care. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some guardians reckon that close relations can take
care of their offspring, others view that childcare organizations can offer the best care. (O)
Therefore, I believe that nursery schools provide a better overall service because they have
highly skilled professionals in this field. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) On the one hand, many parents who are in full-employment prefer to leave their young
ones with grandparents because they have more experience in raising children. (E) In fact, it
is a trust issue to leave with their grandparents, because the custodians feel that their child
will be safer with someone within the family nucleus. (X) For example, a recent study
conducted by some parenting trainers in Egypt revealed that a large number of working
mothers prefer a family member to take care of the young when they are at work. (S) Hence,
what can be said is that kin trained childcare experts to look after their grandchildren.

(T) On the other hand, it can be witnessed that toddlers should be sent to day-care centres
due to the fact that many of the staff are highly-qualified specialists. (E) In other words, if an
applicant is applying for a job in these centres, having a degree in early year development is
pivotal for acceptance. (X) A prime example is a Montessori School whose staff are highly
certified with a diploma in child development. (S) Eventually, day nursery does not only have
an indispensable role in rekindling the interpersonal skills of infants because children have the
chanceto make friends there, but it may also enhance their language abilities.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the points above mentioned, it can be
reiterated that members of day-care centres can be more trained than kinsfolk. (O) I believe
that the service provided by childcare professionals surpasses that which is given by an
unqualified family member.

Word Definition Translation

kinsfolk consanguinity ‫أﻗﺎرب‬

14
15- Some people think that immigrating to other countries is a positivedevelopment.

Do you agree or disagree?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents hold the view that the shifting from the
home country has merits, opponents hold a diverse view. (O) However, I am convinced with
the former view because emigrants may receive better education and ameliorate their living
standards. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, immigration has a plethora of merits because it can help young people gain
a better level of education and academic progress. (E) In other words, if young men and
women travel to developed countries, they can obtain certificates that can boost their
careers. (X) A prime example of this is an article published in The Times Magazines, which
revealed that the best universities in the world are located in America, Canada, and the
United Kingdom. (S) Hence, what can be said is that these countries are the main travel
destinations for young academics across the world.

(T) Moreover, the current generation in the developing countries travels to have a more
satisfactory quality of life because they may be burdened by deprivation of their essential
needs and political issues. (E) This means that when some locals suffer from poverty, political
oppression (pressure), and lack of facilities in their home country, their only solution is to
depart to affluent countries. (X) For example, according to a documentary broadcast on the
BBC, many Egyptians apply for immigration to Canada and Australia because they are jobless
and want to secure a satisfactory life for their families. (S) Therefore, not only do many
talented youths legally find a way to leave their home country, but some of them may escape
illegally.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that transmigration has a salient role in improving people's financial position and
educational level in third-world countries. (O) Therefore, I am of the belief that development
is quintessential for youths, but they have to preserve their cultural identity.

Word Definition Translation

boost raise ‫ﯾﻌزز‬
oppression pressure ‫ﺿﻐوط‬

15
16- The increasing number of professionals like teachers and doctors are leaving poorer
countries, where they grew up, to work in richer countries. What are the problems
immigration causes and what are the solutions?

(R+O) In recent years, whilst the developed countries have seen an influx (introduction) of
educators and healthcare practitioners from the developing world, I believe that the home
countries may suffer from economic and health drawbacks. But, nations should recoup their
talented youth by improving the working conditions. (T) In this essay, the problems behind this
and some solutions will be presented.

(T) To embark on, one of the primary problems caused by such brain drain is that the countries
will lose their top professionals and the potential to train the future generations. (E) This
means that if medics and educators move to work in affluent countries, the homeland will
witness a shortage of skilled workers, which could critically affect education, medicine, and
other fields. (X) For instance, a recent survey conducted by the World Health Organization
revealed that the mortality and illiteracy rates are high in underdeveloped nations due to the
departure of their native experts. (S) Thus, the immigration of experienced specialists does not
only aggravate (exacerbate or worsen) the developing nation's economy, but it also has a
detrimental effect on health and schooling.

(T) Nevertheless, one of the viable solutions to mitigate this issue is to offer a sufficient paying
scale and ameliorate the local residents' living conditions. (E) In other words, when the skillful
professionals leave their hometowns to pursue lucrative salaries and benefits, the government
should increase the wages along with the incentives to entice (attract) them to stay and work in
their homeland. (X) A prominent example is the Gulf Countries which ensure thriving jobs for
their natives. (S) Eventually, what can be said is that these are the ways which can be
introduced to make the individuals work for their nations first.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that drawbacks of immigration to rich countries may have a deleterious effect on the
well-being of the population, the learning process, and the financial position of the home
country. (O) Therefore, I believe that the authorities should endeavour all initiatives to tackle
this issue.

Word Definition Translation

influx introduction ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﮫ‬
tackle treat ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬

16
17- We have become a disposable society, preferring to buy new products rather than
repairing the existing items.
Why do you think this is the better solution? how can this trend be reversed?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst it is not common to try to extend the life of appliances,
many people prefer purchasing replacements. (O) I believe that cutting-edge technology
encourages this tendency, and state involvement can be the panacea for that. (T) The reasons
behind this trend and possible solutions will be presented in the following lines.

(T) To embark on, one of the reasons why some societies opt not to repair devices is due to the
influence of the emerging technology. (E) In other words, when evolutions in technology are
rapid, the impulse to own new gadgets encourages purchasers to continually buy new items. (X)
An eminent example of this is the mobile phones which have been spontaneously purchased in
the last decade as new features are continuously released. (S) Hence, what can be said is that
modern technology allows the mass production of many devices at a lower cost.

(T) Nevertheless, taxation imposed on branding new items can mitigate consumerism, but this is
not in favour of impulsive buyers. (E) This means that if the authorities levy taxes on the new
purchases, the government will penalize those who race to acquire the latest model. (X) For
example, a survey that some economists in Egypt conducted revealed that a plethora of people
resorts to mending their mobiles rather than buying new ones due to the high tariffs on new
devices. (S) Therefore, not only can low taxation serve the repair shops, but it also supports
those who are satisfied with their existing technology.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that when changing the attitude of spontaneous consumption, the continued
purchasing can be reduced. (O) Accordingly, it is believed that consumers are manipulated by
the transnational companies that use modern technology.

Word Definition Translation

panacea Broad spectrum treatment ‫ﻋﻼج ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻷﻣراض‬
resorts Accomplishing something ‫ﯾﻧﺟز‬

mending remodeling ‫ﯾﺻﺣﺢ‬

17
18- Some people say history and music are important school subjects. Other people think
that, in today's world, subjects like science and technology are more important than history.
Discuss both views. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from
your own knowledge.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, teaching history and music has become a controversial
argument. (O) Whilst proponents hold the view that history and music are pivotal subjects in
school curricula, opponents discern that these subjects should be cancelled from the syllabi
because their materials are wasting time and may hinder students from spending ample
(sufficient) time learning other scientific materials. (T) This contention will be further explained.

(T) On the one hand, history and music are valuable subjects because they help learners
understand their cultural identity and their contemporary folklore music. (E) In other words,
when students study these subjects, the young generation can grasp an in-depth understanding
of (not about) how their civilization and country have experienced evolution over the centuries.
(X) A prime example of this is Egypt, which provides the history of ancient Egyptian culture and
how melodious songs were quintessential in the Pharaonic civilization. (S) Thus, what can be
said is that both are pivotal for cultural distinctiveness.

(T) On the other hand, opponents are convinced that history and music are not practical
subjects, and incorporating such modules in the school curriculum could negatively affect (no
the) pupils because these subjects might hamper their future. (E) In other words, when students
focus on subjects other than history, they are considered a gateway to securing a job in a
multinational company. (X) To illustrate, a recent survey conducted by Times Magazine has
shown that many science graduates get better job offers, whereas some artists and historians
struggle to earn their livelihood. (S) Hence, scientific subjects are not only pivotal to attain
thriving jobs, but they also empower scholars to apply to prestigious universities.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though music and history keep the nation's integrity, core subjects are
quintessential to achieving high qualifications. (O) Therefore, it is believed that studying these
subjects cannot provide a living.

18
19- Nowadays, more and more people are moving from the countryside to cities, which are
becoming overcrowded. What are the reasons for this movement to cities and what can be
done to reduce it?

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some proponents believe that suburban areas are
suitable places to reside in; opponents believe that living in metropolises is more convenient
due to the better quality of life and the educational amenities. (T) This essay will demonstrate
the reasons behind this and the appropriate solutions.

(T) To embark on, rural areas offer limited opportunities for young people, whereas residing in
urban areas can guarantee higher standards of living and provide profitable jobs with a lucrative
payment. (E) This means that if youths relocate to find an occupation in cities, they can have
higher vocation positions with enormous salaries. (X) A prime example is the capital of Ukraine,
Kyiv, which is the heart of the business, where most information technology companies are
located. (S) Hence, the purpose of traveling is not only to improve the financial position, but it is
also for educational development because students can attend the most well-known prestigious
universities.

(T) Nevertheless, the step that should be taken to lessen moving to the urban areas is
decentralizing multinational companies toward the rural areas. (E) In other words, when the
government subsidizes businesses in pastoral (rural) areas, many proletariats would rather stay
in their hometown if they can get job opportunities in their hometown. (X) For example,
according to a law legislated by the Egyptian authority, it is revealed that the second branch of
global enterprises should be founded in the countryside rather than municipalities. (A) A further
action to minimize movement to metropolis is building new collages and educational
institutions in the outskirts of capitals. (S) Therefore, what can be said is that authorities have a
salient role in developing the countryside.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that job hunting and joining a renowned university in a megalopolis are the main
reasons for departure from developing areas. (O) However, governments should mitigate the
issues caused by migration to megacities by relocating to capitals, which has a plethora of
advantages.

Word Definition Translation

decentralizing Distribute power ‫ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﻘوه اﻟﻣﺗﻣرﻛزه‬
pastoral rural ‫رﯾﻔﻲ‬
megalopolis centre ‫ﻣرﻛزي‬
megacities Big cities ‫ﻣدن ﻛﺑرى‬

19
20- People resort to riding bicycles rather than driving cars. Is this positive or negative?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents are using bikes as primary means of
transportation, opponents prefer vehicles. (O) However, I am of the belief that pedalling is a
safer substitute for automobiles because it lessens atmosphere taint, improves physical health,
and it is cost-effective. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) To begin with, I am convinced that bikes are a modern and clean form of transportation
because they do not burn any fossil fuels. (E) In other words, since bicycles do not depend on
petrol, they do not release harmful fumes such as carbon dioxide that contribute immensely to
air pollution. (X) A prime example of this is the Netherlands, which has the most bicycles per
capita, where bikers have their own safe lanes in the streets. (S) Thus, biking cannot only help
preserve a greener environment, but bikes can also be a cheaper alternative to cars because
bicycles do not require hefty maintenance expenses.

(T) Furthermore, in addition to the fact that cycling is eco-friendly, it is an excellent

cardiovascular exercise. (E) This means that if commuters use bicycles in their daily routine, they
will get fitter, and people who have a sedentary lifestyle due to the cutting-edge technology will
benefit. (X) For example, in Egypt, research conducted by Cairo University, revealed that
diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and heart problems can be drastically reduced
by consistently daily riding a bike for thirty minutes. (S) Hence, what can be said is that pedalling
can mitigate a plethora of health issues.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that bikes may be a prerogative choice (right or advantage) to reduce greenhouse
gasses and improve the well-being of populations. (O) Therefore, it is believed that cycling has
an indispensable role in lessening contemporary diseases and air contamination.

Word Definition Translation

pedalling Bike pedal ‫ﺿﻐط ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟدواﺳﮫ‬
taint contamination ‫ﺗﻠوث‬
hefty huge ‫ﺿﺧم‬

prerogative advantages ‫اﻣﺗﯾﺎز‬

20
21- Nowadays, more and more people are moving from the countryside to cities, which are
becoming overcrowded. What are the reasons for this movement to the cities? and what are
the effects of this trend?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some proponents believe that suburban areas are
suitable places to reside in, opponents believe that residing in metropolises is more convenient
due to the better quality of life and the educational amenities. (O) But, housing and poverty
problems may be apparent due to overpopulation. (T) Therefore, the causes behind this and the
urban sprawl effects will be explained.

(T) To embark on, rural areas offer limited opportunities for young people to ameliorate
themselves while residing in urban areas can guarantee higher standards of living and provide
profitable jobs with a lucrative payment. (E) This means that if youths relocate to find an
occupation in cities, they can have higher vocation positions with enormous salaries. (X) A
prime example is the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv, which is the heart of the business, where most
information technology companies are located. (S) Hence, the purpose of traveling is not only to
improve the financial position, but it is also for educational development because students can
attend the most well-known prestigious universities.

(T) However, urban growth increases the demand for housing and rental accommodation. (E) To
illustrate, when many people migrate into cities to improve their livelihoods, there will be a lack
of housing for those coming from developing areas, forcing them to settle in substandard
dwellings. (X) An example of this is that some Egyptian villagers who depart to Cairo live in
cramped tenement housing that regularly lacks the basic amenities like running water,
ventilation, and toilets. (S) Thus, what can be said is that poverty, unemployment, and crimes
will increase in civic areas because of overpopulation.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that although job hunting and joining a renowned university in a megalopolis are the
main reasons for the departure from developing nations, unemployment and crime rate may
surge. (O) Accordingly, it is believed that relocating to capitals has a plethora of advantages, but
governments should mitigate the issues caused by migration to megacities.

Word Definition Translation

sprawl Spread out ‫ﯾﻧﺗﺷر‬

21
22- Some countries spend a lot of money to make bicycle usage easier. Why is this? Is this
the best solution to the traffic congestion?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, some nations hold the view that spending money to facilitate
pedalling helps ease street blockage in megacities. (O) It is believed that biking is not the
solution to ease roadblocks, but the authorities should initiate other measures to lessen
congestion on roads, like improving public transportation. (T) The reasons behind investing in
bikes, along with alternative solutions for traffic, will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, the bicycles have a salient role in alleviating traffic blockage. (E) That is why,
countries, suffering from traffic jams, expend to facilitate biking to mitigate traffic congestion. In
other words, when governments promote cycling and invest in constructing separate lanes for
the convenience of bike riders, many people will adopt cycling to reduce roadblocks. (X) A
prime example of this is the Netherlands, which has the greatest number of bicycles among
countries, where bikers have their safe lanes in the streets. (S) Hence, what can be said is that
riding bikes may decrease vehicles on heavy roads.

(T) Nevertheless, even though the excessive usage of bicycles cannot be the most suitable
solution to reduce traffic congestion, this can be mitigated by providing a robust (sturdy) public
transport system and providing subsidies for residents who use it. (E) In other words, if
occupants have the alternative to commute via buses and trains, which are cheaper and more
comfortable, they will regularly start using them. (X) For example, London has a massive
network of trains and buses, which are affordable. (S) Hence, public transportation means do
not only alleviate roadblocks, but also they will result in fewer vehicles in the streets, which
eventually means minor defilement (contamination).

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though bikes may be a prerogative choice (right or advantage) to reduce
the overcrowding of automated cars on roads, resorting to biking is not the only solution to ease
traffic in crowded capitals. (O) Therefore, nations' authorities ought to invest in buses and
trains networks.

Word Definition Translation

defilement contamination ‫ﺗﻠوث‬

22
23- Developed countries have created many environmental problems in the World,
particularly in their contribution to global warming. Why is global warming a problem? What
can be done to reduce the dangers of global warming? or
global warming is one of the biggest threats to our environment. What are the causes of
global warming? What solutions are there to this problem?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst global warming is increasing at an alarming rate,
opponents believe that the environment has borne the brunt of irresponsible human actions in
industrialized countries due to gas emissions and deforestation. (O) Thus, the government
should legislate rules to mitigate this issue. (T) The reasons behind this, along with the possible
solutions, will be discussed.

(T) To embark on, global warming presents the most significant threat because the increase in
the world's temperature is due to the deforestation of trees and the factories that burn fossil
fuel. (E) To illustrate, when lumberjacks harvest a plethora of trees from rain forests, this leads
to fewer trees to combat (resist) carbon dioxide emissions. (X) A prime example of this is the fire
that recently occurred in the Amazon rain forests due to the surge in temperature resulting
from trees erosion. (S) Thus, what can be said is that global warming causes a detrimental effect
on the ecosystems and causes lung cancer because of emissions of hazardous fumes from
industrial factories and transportation.

(T) Nevertheless, it is believed that the government has a quintessential role in mitigating global
warming because plenty of alternative energy resources are available. (E) This means that if the
industries were given enough funding, solar, wind, and tidal energy could replace our reliance
on oil and gas within 15 years. (X) A prime example of this is the CEO of the solar city, Tesla Elon
Musk, who recently demonstrated this by drawing a small square on the map of the United
States and stating confidently that this small area could power the whole country if it is covered
with solar powers. (S) Hence, the use of solar energy does not only reduce the need for oil, but
it also builds electric cars rather than those with combustion engines may lessen fuel
consumption.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has mentioned the above points, it can be reiterated that
health complications and climate change are the main causes of global warming. (O) Therefore,
authorities should encourage the investors to construct wind farms and solar power stations to
generate electric energy.

Word Definition Translation

combat resist ‫ﯾﻘﺎوم‬

23
24- Nowadays, a large amount of advertising targeting children should be banned because of
their negative effects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Or Some of the methods used in advertising are unethical and unacceptable in today's
society. To what extent do you agree with this view?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some advertising campaigns are immoral and
inappropriate, I believe that they should be outlawed (banned) because some of them are
mainly targeting children. (O) Thus, they have deleterious effects on their health which may lead
to poor relationships with their fosters. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, food advertising has demerits because it misleads children and may cause
detrimental health problems. (E) In other words, when some commercials use unhealthy snacks
of children's favourite cartoon characters with special effects to make the product attack their
attention, they will crave those snacks and take excessive bites. (X) An eminent example is the
Nutella advert which provides an illusive image concerning its ingredients as being healthy,
although it is loaded with palm oils and refined sugars. (S) Consequently, children may suffer
from obesity and diabetes because these foods are high in fats, sugars, and carbohydrates.
Accordingly, what can be said is that governments should censor false information and harmful
products.

(T) Additionally, the ultimate aim of some advertisements is to subtly (indirectly) force
adolescents to pester their parents to buy them the latest social media trends, which may
impose a financial burden on some families. (E) This means that if some brands are endorsed by
glamorous figures, some teenagers will buy these products only because of the appearance of
power, success, and glamour associated with them. (X) An eminent example of this is the
increasing desire among teenagers in Egypt to buy Yeezy Boost, which is endorsed by Kyan
West. (S) Therefore, not only do these adverts cause economic distress among families, but they
also could generate arguments and bad relationships in families.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has provided the points mentioned above, it can be reiterated
that all types of commercials targeting the young should be controlled. (O) They should be
forbidden because these adverts may widen the gap between children and their parents.
Word Definition Translation
outlawed banned ‫ﻣﻣﻧوع‬
subtly indirectly ‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﺑﺎﺷر‬

24
25- Some people believe that entertainers are paid too much, and they negatively affect the
society, while others disagree and believe that they deserve the money they make because of
their positive effect on others. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst opponents hold the view that celebrities' doings are
unworthy (don't deserve) to acquire this gigantic leap in their earnings, proponents have a
diverse perspective. (O) However, I am a staunch believer that entertainers should receive a
lucrative payment because of their quintessential role in raising awareness among nations. (T) In
this essay, both perspectives, along with my point of view, will be demonstrated.

(T) On the one hand, a category of individuals believes that singers, actors, or football players
have detrimental effects on the community, and they do not have a salient role in society
compared to other vocations. (E) In other words, if teachers who rear a myriad of generations or
doctors who put at least ten years of their lives in hectic study and save people live are paid
colossal salaries, they will help their society more than famous figures who share violence,
erroneous (wrong) thoughts and immoral behaviours. (X) For instance, the superstar" Mohamed
Ramadan" receives millions of pounds for presenting violent content that pervades (spread)
atrocities, smoking, or even drinking alcoholics. (S) Thus, what can be said is that these
enormous remunerates (pays) received by errant (misbehaving) entertainers provoke (affect)
workers in other hard-working professions.

(T) On the other hand, some celebrities are worthy of being well-earned because they have an
indispensable role. (E) To illustrate, when some glamorous characters have positive roles
towards the association like donations for health foundations and awareness campaigns, they
constructively influence adolescents. (X) This can be exemplified by the Egyptian footballer
"Mohamed Salah" who encouraged a plethora of young people to combat addiction by the anti-
drug campaign. (S) Therefore, not only do these luminaries deserve massive funds, but they also
should be honoured by appreciation awards as it becomes lucid (clear) that some megastars can
rebuild morals in the world.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that while some influencers have harmful impacts, others inspire and admonish
(advise) youth from crooked (zigzag or bad) directions. (O) I am convinced that the exemplary
(good) repute public figures are worthy of being well-paid.

Word Definition Translation

gigantic massive ‫ﻋﻣﻼق‬

provoke affect ‫ﯾؤﺛر‬

luminaries celebrity ‫ﻧﺟوم‬

25
26- Some feel that advertising positively affects both individuals and businesses; while others
think it has negative effects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some proponents are of the view that advertising
campaigns are advantageous for some people and corporations, others adopt a diverse stance.
(O) However, I believe that some adverts may be beneficial for business. (T) My contention will
be further explained.

(T) On the one hand, food advertising has demerits because it misleads children and may cause
detrimental health problems. (E) In other words, when some commercials use unhealthy snacks
of children's favourite cartoon characters with special effects to make the product attack their
attention, they will crave those snacks and take excessive bites. (X) An eminent example is the
Nutella advert which provides an illusive image concerning its ingredients as being healthy,
although it is loaded with palm oils and refined sugars. (A) Consequently, children may suffer
from obesity and diabetes because these foods are high in fats, sugars, and carbohydrates. (S)
Accordingly, what can be said is that governments should censor false information and harmful
products.

(T) On the other hand, despite mentioning the above negatives, advertising campaigns have a
plethora of merits regarding financial reasons. (E) This means that if a businessman starts his
project, he usually resorts to sponsored advertisements on Instagram and TikTok. (X) An
eminent example is the rise of many Egyptian entrepreneurs who advertise their homemade
dishes on Facebook, and thus the followers contact them to purchase their products. (S)
Therefore, not only can advertising improve the financial position of its owner, but it may also
help consumers be aware of various products.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though some publicity campaigns are unethical because they are
misleading children, it can be pivotal for some business people. (O) Therefore, I am convinced
that they still have helped many start-ups in their businesses.

Word Definition Translation

refined Subtle / precise ‫ﻣﺷﺗﻖ‬

26
27- People resort to riding bicycles rather than driving cars. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents are using bikes as primary means of
transportation, opponents prefer vehicles. (O) However, I am of the belief that pedalling is a
safer substitute for automobiles because it lessens atmosphere taint, improves physical health,
and it is cost-effective. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, despite agreeing that bicycles are environmentally friendly, critics often
emphasize that cycling can be hazardous because the fatality and severe injury rates are
considerably higher than most other vehicles. (E) In other words, even if a cyclist is wearing a
helmet, the rest of his body is entirely unprotected, and bikes cannot withstand collisions. (X)
For example, as per a survey conducted by a group of university students in Egypt, it is revealed
that the mortality rates due to bikes accidents are higher than those by cars. (S) Hence, what
can be said is that although cyclists may contribute to danger if they are overconfident and try
to pass motorized vehicles, the merits of bikes in mitigating environmental and health problems
surpass the demerits.

(T) On the other hand, I am convinced that bikes are a modern and clean form of transportation
because they do not burn any fossil fuels. (E) In other words, since bicycles do not depend on
petrol, they do not release harmful fumes such as carbon dioxide that contribute immensely to
air pollution. (X) A prime example of this is the Netherlands, which has the most bicycles per
capita, where bikers have their own safe lanes in the streets. (S) Thus, biking cannot only help
preserve a greener environment, but bikes can also be a cheaper alternative to cars because
bicycles do not require hefty maintenance expenses.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though bikes may increase the odds (chances) of severe injuries, they may
be a prerogative choice (right or advantage) to reduce greenhouse gasses. (O) Therefore, I
believe that cycling has an indispensable role in lessening contemporary diseases and air
contamination.

Word Definition Translation

immensely extremely ‫ﺑﺷﻛل ﻛﺑﯾر‬

odds chances ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣل‬

prerogative choice right or advantage ‫اﻟﺻﺎﺋب‬

27
28- With the rise of e-books comes the decline in paper books. Some people see this as a good
forward step, while others do not. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?
and give your opinion.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some readers view that digital books are more beneficial
than tangible books, others hold a diverse view. (O) I believe that digitalized books
are advantageous because they are easily accessed and convenient. (T) This essay will discuss
both the advantages and disadvantages of online reading.

(T) On the one hand, despite agreeing that traditional libraries are unfit because cutting-edge
technology has facilitated reading, some unique books are considered a cultural heritage
because they were discovered many years ago and available only as a hard copy. (E) To
illustrate, since some ancient historical texts are not posted as paper-based, they are only found
in libraries. (X) A prominent example of this is that some documentaries and periodicals are
masterpieces such as "Description of Egypt," which is found only as a hard copy. (S) Hence, what
can be said is that although some original classics can be read-only by going to the library, many
youths prefer modern digital novels to read obsolete documentaries in libraries.

(T) On the other hand, some readers and I are convinced that digital libraries have a myriad of
merits because they are available anytime and anywhere. (E) This means that when people live
in areas with no bookshops or postal services, they have immediate access to all books in their
personal library wherever they are. (X) An example of e-books would be the arrival of Amazon
Kindle, which can be purchased from Amazon itself. (A) Another advantage is that readers have
a built-in dictionary and thus, they can look up any unfamiliar word. (S) Therefore, the internet
is not only a reservoir of knowledge that is greater than any physical library, but digitalized
books can also enhance languages acquisition because there are built-in dictionaries, where
readers can look up any unfamiliar word.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has provided the points mentioned above, it can be reiterated
that the positives of online books surpass their negatives. (O) I am convinced that portable e-
books have a salient role in acquiring data and acquiring a second language.

28
29- When choosing a job, while some people think that the salary is the most important thing
to be taken into consideration, others have a diverse view. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some proponents hold the view that salary is the
prominent factor for accepting a job offer, opponents hold a diverse view of point. (O) However,
I believe that the money earned is not the primary element for choosing a job because the
working conditions are more critical.

(T) On the one hand, despite disagreeing that money is the essential parameter when choosing
a job, some advocates believe that most people consider money a priority to at least earn a
salary that allows them to cover their needs and pay for housing, bills, health care, and
education. (E) In other words, if graduates choose their jobs based on non-financial factors, they
may find it difficult to support themselves. (X) For example, a survey conducted by Time
Magazines revealed that artists are known for choosing a career path that they love, but they
struggle for their livelihood. (S) Hence, what can be said is that there are other more pivotal
factors than wages to be considered while determining the career.

(T) On the other hand, opponents and I are convinced that there are other considerations that
are just as important as what is earned, which are personal relationships and the atmosphere in
the workplace. (E) This means that when employees work with a good manager and friendly
colleagues, the workers are more productive. (X) A prime example of this is a research
conducted by Times Magazine, which revealed that workers who work in pleasant working
conditions promptly fulfil their duties without delay. (A) Additionally, a plethora of people feels
satisfied with the work, including the professional achievements, the skills they learn, and the
position they reach rather than the money they earn. (S) Accordingly, people do not only choose
jobs for lucrative salaries, but they also select them because some people want to help others
and contribute positively to society.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that although money is crucial for covering the needs of the individuals, satisfactory
working conditions are more quintessential than monetary terms. (O) Therefore, I am convinced
that money does not surpass all other motivators.

Word Definition Translation

surpass exceed ‫ﯾﺗﺟﺎوز‬

29
30- Wild animals have no place in the 21st century, so protecting them is a waste of resources.
Should the governments spend more on saving animals or on public services? Do you agree or
disagree?

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents hold the view that preserving wildlife
should not be ignored, opponents and I believe that this is a misuse of money because public
funds should be spent on education for economic and social reasons. (T) My contention will be
further explained.

(T) On the one hand, despite agreeing that the governmental spending on wildlife is public
resources consuming, some advocates claim that the main reason why wild animals are
becoming increasingly extinct is human activities. (E) In other words, when humans are
increased on the earth, they need self-sufficiency in food which has led them to the destruction
of the natural habitats by depleting the green spaces that ended up with the decline in wild
beasts. (X) An eminent example is the Amazon Rainforests which were drained due to chemical
farming. (S) Thus, what can be said is that other prominent sectors are undoubtedly more
crucial to be subsidized than rescuing wildernesses, like health and education.

(T) Nevertheless, nations should prioritize investment in education because it is quintessential

in developing the economy in the long run. (E)This means that the more the authorities
subsidize all the educational stages, especially the third-level education, the more skilled the
workforce will be. (X) For example, Korea and Finland, which allocated a high proportion of their
budgets to education, have reaped benefits in high-tech companies such as Nokia and Samsung.
(S) Thus, funding schooling does not only lead to ameliorating productivity, but also raises
awareness of the detrimental effects of social evils like drugs, alcohol, and sexual harassment.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that when it comes to funding, education should take precedence over saving the life
of wild animals due to their socio-economic benefits. (O) Therefore, I am convinced that the
government ought to pump money into schools and universities to raise the long-term goals.

Word Definition Translation

depleting Using the resources ‫اﺳﺗﻧزاف‬

30
31- The government's investment in arts, music and theatre is a waste of time and money.
Governments should invest these funds in public services instead. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some proponents hold the view that funding arts of all
kinds should not be ignored, some opponents and I hold the stance that financing arts is a sort
of misusing money because public funds should be spent on improving social services and
infrastructure. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) On the one hand, despite agreeing that governmental spending on arts is public resources
consuming, advocates (supporters) view that art, music, and theatre showcase (exhibit) each
country's unique culture and may foster its economy. (E) This means that if the government
ignores the art sector, many bizarre (unique) forms of dancing, music, or painting will disappear
in this multi-media age. (X) For example, India has classical dances and musical forms that play a
pivotal role in attracting tourists and helping generate more revenues. (S) Hence, what can be
said is that the entertainment sectors are undoubtedly crucial for economic development.

(T) On the other hand, critics and I emphasize that many nations should prioritize the
investment in public services because they are quintessential in developing health, education,
and infrastructure. (E) In other words, when the government invests money in public
infrastructures like roads, railways, and flyovers, people can move about without any hassle. (X)
An eminent example is Germany which has a high-quality network of roads, airports, rails, and
ports infrastructure. (S) Eventually, a properly planned transport web is not only quintessential
for the economy and saving time, but also investing in public health and education will enable
people to live healthy and productive lives.

(S+O) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though arts can maintain a nation's cultural identity, I believe that public
services ought to be more funded than arts because they have an indispensable role in
developing the quality of life and the economic (not economical) situation of countries.

Word Definition Translation

showcase exhibit ‫ﻣﻌرض‬
bizarre unique ‫ﻓرﯾد ﻣن ﻧوﻋﮫ‬
revenues Income ‫رﺑﺢ‬

31
32- Many people think that food companies should not be allowed to advertise, while others
believe that all companies should have the right to advertise. What is your opinion?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst some proponents believe that junk-food chains have the
right to advertise, opponents hold a diverse stance. (O) However, I am of the belief that these
companies' adverts should be outlawed because some campaigns are targeting children and
have deleterious effects on their health. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, some advocates support that some burger restaurants should not be
restricted from advertising because they can serve healthy sandwiches. (E) In other words, they
claim that if these cafeterias serve quick meals with a 'diet' version or a classic' version,
consumers are the ones who will decide what to buy. (X) An eminent example is the Mince
restaurant in Egypt, which serves healthy choices as whole-grain buns stuffed with low-fat
burgers, and standard ones. (S) However, what can be said is that although these short-order
foods seem to be healthy with their low-calorie ingredients, they still lack the macronutrients
for nutritional foods.

(T) Nevertheless, opponents and I are convinced that food advertising has demerits because it
misleads children and may cause detrimental health problems. (E) In other words, when some
commercials use unhealthy snacks of children's favourite cartoon characters with special effects
to make the product attack their attention, they will crave those snacks and take excessive
bites. (X) An eminent example is the Nutella advert which provides an illusive image concerning
its ingredients as being healthy, although it is loaded with palm oils and refined sugars. (A)
Consequently, children may suffer from obesity and diabetes because these foods are high in
fats, sugars, and carbohydrates. (S) Accordingly, what can be said is that governments should
censor false information and harmful products.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though some food publicity campaigns appeal to be healthful and
convenient, they are unethical. (O) Therefore, I am convinced that all publicities of burgers,
pizzas, and snacks should be banned because they are misleading adults and children. Even if
they are made of low-calorie ingredients, they are loaded with preservatives.

32
33- Plastic shopping bags contribute to the pollution of land and sea. Some people think they
should be banned. Do you agree or disagree? and what can be done to reduce it?

(R+O) In this contemporary epoch, whilst plastic bag usage is increasing at an alarming rate,
opponents and I hold the view that they should be outlawed because oceans' marine life and
land have borne the brunt of drawbacks caused by their disposal. (T) The disadvantages, along
with possible measures, will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, plastic bags have a detrimental effect on the environment because they are
non-biodegradable. (E) This means that when the bags are buried in the soil or thrown into the
ocean and wild animals eat them, plastic will enter the food chain, causing major diseases and
even death when ingested. (X) For example, a hungry turtle may mistake a transparent plastic
bag for a jellyfish and eat it, and then the turtle will choke on the plastic as it cannot digest and
thus it will die painfully. (S) Hence, what can be said is that it may take hundreds of years for a
plastic carrier to decompose into pieces.

(T) Nevertheless, many people and I are convinced that the governments have a salient role in
preserving the habitat as it has borne the brunt of irresponsible human activities. (E) In other
words, despite the fact that plastic is a useful invention, governments should provide more
collection banks for plastic recycling. (X) For example, Germany has the highest rate of recycling
globally, where more than half of its wastes have been recycled and manufactured. (S)
Therefore, legislating harsh punishments is not the only method to conserve the environment,
but a nation's government should also conduct awareness-raising campaigns to encourage
people to buy their needs in bulk containers instead of multipacks.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that plastic packs have deleterious effects on the environment, and the authorities
ought to mitigate this issue. (O) Finally, I am convinced that plastic carriage use should be
restricted.

Word Definition Translation

decompose dissolve ‫ﺗﺗﺣﻠل‬

33
34- Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However, these
days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and focus on science, technology and business.
Why do you think this is the point? What could be done to encourage more people to take an
interest in arts?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, whilst proponents hold the view that art is a crucial part of
cultural life, opponents believe that this subject is wasting time because it may hinder students
from spending ample (sufficient) time learning other scientific materials, which may offer better
job prospects with lucrative salaries. (T) The reasons behind this, along with some possible
solutions, will be presented in this essay.
(T) To embark on, opponents are convinced that art is not a practical subject, and incorporating
such modules in the school curriculum could negatively affect (no the) pupils because these
might hamper their future. (E) In other words, when students focus on subjects other than
extra-curriculum activities, they are considered a gateway to securing a job in a multinational
company. (X) To illustrate, a recent survey conducted by Times Magazine which has shown that
many science graduates get better job offers, whereas some artists struggle to earn their
livelihood. (S) Hence, scientific subjects are not only pivotal to attain thriving jobs, but they also
empower scholars to apply to prestigious universities.

(T) Nevertheless, the government ought to endeavour to mitigate the lack of interest in art
because this will eventually lead to the death of rich cultural heritage worldwide. (E) This means
that if the authorities allocate budgets for developing the art field by constructing art schools
and supporting art galleries, this can help revive (improve) the interest of young generations in
art. (X) A prime example of this is that the Ministry of Culture in Egypt has organized art
galleries that have attracted many tourists to Egypt, which yielded revenue and job
opportunities for youths. (S) Accordingly, what can be said is that these exhibits will preserve art
from extinction.

(S) In conclusion, after the essay has manifested the abovementioned points, it can be
reiterated that even though art is abandoned and the core subjects are quintessential in
achieving high qualifications and earnings, the government should rekindle (improve) interests
in art.
Word Definition Translation
hamper obstacle ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻖ‬
endeavor try ‫ﯾﺣﺎول‬

34
35- Shopping is becoming more and more popular as a leisure activity. However, some people
feel that this has both positive and negative effects. Why is shopping so
popular? What effects does its popularity have on individuals and society?

(R) In this contemporary epoch, consumerism is not only concerned with buying everyday things
needed to survive, but it is also seen as a form of entertainment. (O) Thus, this negatively
affects nations' development because of the detrimental effects advertising and marketing have
on people, and it is an unproductive hobby. (T) My contention will be further explained.

(T) To embark on, the main reason why people buy luxury products is because of the influence
that multinational marketing campaigns have on them. (E) This means that since many
consumers are bombarded with messages telling them that if they buy certain products, they
will be happier, more complete, and more gorgeous. (X) For example, the fashion chain of
Chanel and Prada which tells people they will look gorgeously only if they wear nice clothes, and
they use glamorous models to make people unsatisfied with their appearance. (S) Hence, what
can be said is that these corporations trick those clients into buying their commodities.

(T) Furthermore, buying unneeded goods is not a productive thing to do as it depends on the
cultural theory of the consumer. (E) In other words, when comparing impulsive buying with
pastime activities like sports, reading, or even watching a movie, it can be seen that shopping is
unfulfilling. (X) A prime example is a survey which was conducted by some university students in
Egypt, revealed that youth who spend their weekend shopping has nothing to talk about other
than their purchases, whereas others who spend their time wisely are interesting to talk with
them. (S) Therefore, not only is purchasing a waste of money, but it also does not develop the
individual physically or intellectually.

(S) In conclusion, after this essay has manifested the points mentioned above, it can be
reiterated that spontaneous purchasing should only be for necessities and not for mere
entertainment. (O) However, there are many people who are being manipulated by
transnational enterprises, although there are many constructive ways for people to spend their
free time.

Word Definition Translation

bombarded Attack ‫ﻗﺻﻔت‬

35