Trinity Lab Report Help Sheet

Lab Title: ракета из соды и уксуса

Purpose:как количество соды влияет на расстояние и скорость ракеты

Hypothesis:если количество соды увеличивать то скорость увеличится
Background research:

Independent Variable:

Example: the different colors of the light bulbs. We changed this to test whether it affects the growth of grass seeds.

Dependent Variables (what are you measuring?):

Example: how much grass seeds grow as measured by the height the grass over time.
Constants (what variables do you need to keep the same to make a fair test?):

Example: same type of grass seed, same temperature, same nutrients, same amount of water, etc.

Control Group (not possible for every experiment:

Example, the grass seed that is growing under the white (uncolored) bulb would be your control.

Materials (What materials and equipment do you need to carry-out the experiment?)
Materials and Chemicals Quantity Maximum Capacity

Procedure (Do numbered steps and include safety concerns):

Diagram of set-up if necessary:

PART B: Data and Observations

Data:
1) Quantitative/Raw Data Table:

Create a formal DATA TABLE in which to present the data you collected. Be sure your table:
1. Is easy to understand.
2. Has a specific title and number.
3. Has column headings.
4. Includes the unit of measurement (always in metric units)
5. Has a consistent and correct number of digits for each measurement.
6. Has decimal points aligning down a column (if applicable) and numbers centered in the column.

2) Qualitative Data:

This might be a paragraph in which you describe the qualitative observations and results in general or be specific
qualitative data for each trial that is presented in table form. This is essentially an analysis “at first glance” of the results.

PART C: Analysis and Conclusion

Data Processing:
Data should ALWAYS be processed Graphically and with Relevant Equations.

Calculations: Create a table showing processes data using relevant equations and calculations. You need to follow the
same guidelines as your Data Table regarding structure.
Graphs:
1) Use the correct type of graph for the type of data you are presenting.
2) Has a specific title and number.
3) Graphs need to have appropriate scales, labeled axes with units, accurately plotted data points,
Add best-fit lines or curves to show the overall trend of the data. If your data is scattered don’t connect the dots.
4) If a mean is calculated, only graph the mean, not all data points.
 5) If necessary, calculate the gradient from the graph.
6) Legends should be labeled appropriately.
7) You must QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY analyze the graph, describing any trends, etc., as well
as numerically analyzing the slope and explaining its meaning with relevance to the lab.

Write one (or more) paragraphs in which you DRAW CONCLUSIONS FROM YOUR RESULTS.

1. Your conclusion should be clearly related to the research question (aim) and the purpose of the experiment.
2. Was your hypothesis supported or refuted (accepted or rejected)? Support your statements with concrete
relevant data from the lab.
3. Provide a brief explanation as to how you came to this conclusion from your results. In other words, sum up the
evidence and explain observations, trends or patterns revealed by the data. Summarize the processed data:
mean, percentage error, etc.
4. CITE LITERATURE related to your conclusion. Does your result coincide with published results? Does it refute
published results? You must have at least 2 citations in your conclusion.

Evaluation:

Identify and discuss significant ERRORS that actually affected your data collection. You must identify the source of error
and if possible, tie it to how it likely affected your results. Avoid hypothetical errors (“could have” or “I might have”)
without evidence to back it up. What could you do to make IMPROVEMENTS to the investigation, so the
errors/limitations stated do not occur again? You need to indicate numerically how and why any improvements might
impact the results QUANTITATIVELY AND QUALITATIVELY!

Error or Limitation How This Error Affected Results Improvement

 Lab Reports: Glossary of Terms
Analyse: to identify parts or relationships and to interpret information to reach a conclusion.

Data: measurement of a parameter that can be quantitative (volume, temperature, PH, and so on) or qualitative (colour,
shape, texture, and so on).

Dependent variable: the variable in which values are measured in the experiment.

Evaluate: to assess the implications and limitations; to make judgments about the value of ideas, works, solutions or
methods in relation to selected criteria.

Explain: to give a detailed account of causes, reasons or mechanisms.

Hypothesis: a tentative explanation for an observation or phenomenon that requires experimental confirmation. It can
take the form of a question or a statement. To explain the hypothesis using scientific reasoning requires students to
include in their explanations the scientific concepts, theories or understanding that support their thinking of why or how
something might happen the way they have hypothesized or predicted.

Independent variable: the variable that is selected and manipulated by the investigator in an experiment.

Numerical forms: may include mathematical calculations such as averaging, or determining values from a graph or table.

Qualitative data: refers to non-numerical data or information that it is difficult to measure in a numerical way.

Quantitative data: refers to numerical measurements of the variables associated with the investigation.

Reliability of the method: refers to whether the method allows for the collection of sufficient reliable data to answer
the question. This depends upon the selection of the measuring instrument, the precision and accuracy of the
measurements, errors associated with the measurement instrument, the size of the sample, the sampling techniques
used and the number of readings.

Transforming data: involves processing raw data into a form suitable for visual representation. This process may involve,
for example, combining and manipulating raw data to determine the value of a physical quantity (such as adding,
subtracting, squaring or dividing), and taking the average of several measurements. It might be that the data collected is
already in a form suitable for visual representation, for example, distance travelled by a woodlouse. If the raw data is
represented in this way and a best-fit line graph is drawn, the raw data has been processed.

Suitable format: may include tables with appropriate headings and units, large clearly labelled diagrams or concisely
worded observations.

Validity of the method: refers to whether the method allows for the collection of sufficient valid data to answer the
question. This includes factors such as whether the measuring instrument measures what it is supposed to measure, the
conditions of the experiment and the manipulation of variables (fair testing).

Visual forms: may include drawing graphs of various types appropriate to the kind of data being displayed (line graphs,
bar graphs, histograms, pie charts, and so on).
 Lab Reports: Glossary of Terms
Analyse: to identify parts or relationships and to interpret information to reach a conclusion.

Data: measurement of a parameter that can be quantitative (volume, temperature, PH, and so on) or qualitative (colour,
shape, texture, and so on).

Dependent variable: the variable in which values are measured in the experiment.

Evaluate: to assess the implications and limitations; to make judgments about the value of ideas, works, solutions or
methods in relation to selected criteria.

Explain: to give a detailed account of causes, reasons or mechanisms.

Hypothesis: a tentative explanation for an observation or phenomenon that requires experimental confirmation. It can
take the form of a question or a statement. To explain the hypothesis using scientific reasoning requires students to
include in their explanations the scientific concepts, theories or understanding that support their thinking of why or how
something might happen the way they have hypothesized or predicted.

Independent variable: the variable that is selected and manipulated by the investigator in an experiment.

Numerical forms: may include mathematical calculations such as averaging, or determining values from a graph or table.

Qualitative data: refers to non-numerical data or information that it is difficult to measure in a numerical way.

Quantitative data: refers to numerical measurements of the variables associated with the investigation.

Reliability of the method: refers to whether the method allows for the collection of sufficient reliable data to answer
the question. This depends upon the selection of the measuring instrument, the precision and accuracy of the
measurements, errors associated with the measurement instrument, the size of the sample, the sampling techniques
used and the number of readings.

Transforming data: involves processing raw data into a form suitable for visual representation. This process may involve,
for example, combining and manipulating raw data to determine the value of a physical quantity (such as adding,
subtracting, squaring or dividing), and taking the average of several measurements. It might be that the data collected is
already in a form suitable for visual representation, for example, distance travelled by a woodlouse. If the raw data is
represented in this way and a best-fit line graph is drawn, the raw data has been processed.

Suitable format: may include tables with appropriate headings and units, large clearly labelled diagrams or concisely
worded observations.

Validity of the method: refers to whether the method allows for the collection of sufficient valid data to answer the
question. This includes factors such as whether the measuring instrument measures what it is supposed to measure, the
conditions of the experiment and the manipulation of variables (fair testing).

Visual forms: may include drawing graphs of various types appropriate to the kind of data being displayed (line graphs,
bar graphs, histograms, pie charts, and so on).