Organic Chemistry
Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
Review
According to Britannica, any member
of the class of organic chemical
compounds known as hydrocarbons,
only includes the atoms carbon (C)
and hydrogen (H). There are two
groups of hydrocarbons: saturated
and unsaturated.
UNSATURATED
HYDROCARBONS
Unsaturated hydrocarbons, according to Byju's (n.d.), are organic
molecules with only carbon and hydrogen atoms and two or
three bonds between the two carbon atoms that are next to
each other.
Uses of Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
Uses of Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
Uses of Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
Uses Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
ALKENES
- comprised of carbon to carbon double bonds.
The General Properties of Alkenes are as follows:
1. Range of physical states
2. Density.
3. Solubility
4. Boiling point
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
1. Range of physical states:
• ≥ 18 Carbons - solids
• ≤ 4 Carbons - gases
• 5-17 Carbons - liquids
2. Density
- Alkenes are lighter than water.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
3. Solubility
- Alkenes are insoluble in water and
soluble in organic solvents such as
benzene etc.
4. Boiling point
- The boiling points of alkenes display a gradual
increase with an increase in the molecular mass
or chain length.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Geometric Isomers need to have unique names since they're
unique molecules. The prefix cis is used while the palms of the
longest chain are at the identical facet of the double bond. On
the other hand, the prefix trans is used while they're on contrary
facets of the double bond.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkenes
STEP 1. Identify and name the longest continuous chain
of carbon (C) atoms which includes the double bond(s)
(#C -ene)
STEP 2. Number the longest chain so that the C's
joined by the double bond have the lowest numbers
possible. If the double bond has an identical position
starting from either end, use the positions of the
substituents to determine the beginning of the chain.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
STEP 3. Locate the double bond by the lower-
numbered carbon atom joined by the double bond.
(e.g., 1-butene)
STEP 4. Locate and name attached groups.
STEP 5. Combine the names for the attached groups
and the longest chain into the name.
Note: If there is more than one double bond:
Example
The longest double bond chain has five carbon atoms, so the
compound is a pentene
(Step 1). To give the first carbon atom of the double bond the lowest
number
(Step 2 and Step 3), we number from the left, so the compound is a 2-
pentene. There is a methyl group on the fourth carbon atom
(Step 4), so the compound’s name is 4-methyl-2-pentene.
Example
Example of Alkenes
- Ethylene (ethene
- Propylene (propene)
- Vinyl chloride (chloroethene)
- Tetrachloroethylene
- Lycopene.
Thank You!
Send your questions and clarifications about the
discussion through a private message.
