Dr.

Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

PELATIHAN DASAR
SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS
(PelDaS-GIS)

Prof. Dr. Indarto, STp, DEA – Tim Fak. Pasca Sarjana

Universitas Jember

Aula Bawah Pemkab Jember

Tanggal : 07,14,21,28 Sept - 5, 12 Okt 2018

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

Apa itu GIS ?

Aspek Utama GIS
Sistem Koordinat & Georeferensi
Bagaimana Peta Memuat Informasi ?
Bagaimana peta digunakan di dalam GIS ?

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

Dimana belajar konsep GIS ?

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

https://qgis.org/en/docs/index.html

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

https://gisgeography.com/
https://gisgeography.com/gis-applications-uses/

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

https://gisgeography.com/remote-sensing-of-the-environment/

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

https://gisgeography.com/satellite-list/

https://gisgeography.com/free-gis-software/ 8
Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

Belajar GIS & RS juga bisa dari.... Yuotube...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZFmAAHBfOU

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

Belajar GIS & RS juga bisa dari.... Yuotube...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giD7tG5TL_s&list
=PLL_bkzyOQQlJJDw5FrkyGR4zsgKRSGw4E

https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=KtgNcHEYmQA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyLaadJCdrU
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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

http://www.qgiscloud.com/

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

https://www.gislounge.com/site-map/
https://www.gislounge.com/learn-gis-for-free/

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Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

https://www.gislounge.com/tag/free-gis/

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https://www.osgeo.org/events/fossgis-2018/

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1. Apa itu GIS ?

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1. Apa itu GIS ?

1.1 Definisi ....konsep lama
Geographic Information System (GIS) is defined as an information system
that is used to input, store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze and output
geographically referenced data or geospatial data, in order to support
decision making for planning and management of land use, natural
resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other
administrative records (P.A. Bourough, 1986).

Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) didefinisikan sebagai suatu sistem

informasi yang digunakan untuk memasukan, menyimpan, mengambil,
memanipulasi, menganalisa, dan menampilkan data-data ber-atribut
Geografis (data spasial) yang berguna untuk mendukung proses
pengambilan keputusan dalam perencanaan dan manajemen sumber
daya alam, lingkungan, transportasi, masalah perkotaan dan
administratif. (P.A. Bourough, 1986)
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Komponen Utama GIS:

Sistem Komputer, Data Geospatial, dan Pengguna (user)

A geographic information
system (GIS) is a system
used to describe and
characterize the Earth and
other geographies for the
purpose of visualizing and
analyzing geographically
referenced information
(ArcGIS web)

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a. Hardware

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b. Software

Operating System (OS) :

Controls the operation of the programs as well as all input and
output.
For Pc:
MS-DOS (IBM PCs), WINDOWS.
For Workstation :
UNIX, LINUX, VMS.

Compilers:
Mengkonversi program yang ditulis dalam bahasa komputer
ke kode sehuingga CPU bisa dieksekusi oleh CPU. Misalnya:
C, Pascal, FORTRAN , BASIC dll.

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b. Software

Application Programs:

Software GIS:
Arc-Info, ARCGIS, ARCVIEW, MAP-INFO, PCI - Geomatica,
GRASS, ARC-CAD, SPRING, AGIS, PC RASTER, SAGA, TNT.

Pengolahan Data Satelit :

ERDAS-Imagine, Arc-Info, ENVI, PCI-Geomatica, IDRISI,
ARCGIS, TNTLITE, dll.

Script/extension:
Visual Basic, Avenue, Arc Macro Language(AML).

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1.2 Paradigma baru untuk GIS

• GI Systems
Evolution of GIS • GI Sciences
• GI Services
Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

GI Systems

• Geographic information system (GIS) is a system for

input, storage, manipulation, and output of
geographic information (NCGIA CC)
• Database system designed to handle geographically
referenced data
• Composed of data, software, hardware, people and
procedure (ESRI)
Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

GI Sciences
• The science behind the technology
• Aimed at enhancing knowledge of geographic concepts and
their computational implementations
• seeks to redefine geographic concepts and their use in the
context of geographic information systems
• Dedicated to the development and use of theories, methods,
technology, and data for understanding geographic processes,
relationships, and pattern (UCGIS 1994)
Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

GI Services

• Gradual shift from centralized GIS to distributed GIS

• Examples include location-based service, Web-
mapping, Web-based planning support system
• GIService is miniature, mobile, public, and task-
specific
• If GISystem is data-centered, GIService is person-
centered
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1.3 Redefinisi GIS oleh ESRI

https://www.esri.com/en-us/what-is-gis/overview

A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework for gathering,

managing, and analyzing data. Rooted in the science of geography,
GIS integrates many types of data. It analyzes spatial location and
organizes layers of information into visualizations using maps and
3D scenes. With this unique capability, GIS reveals deeper insights
into data, such as patterns, relationships, and situations—helping
users make smarter decisions.
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How GIS Work

GIS technology applies geographic science with tools for

understanding and collaboration. It helps people reach a common
goal: to gain actionable intelligence from all types of data.

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Apa beda Sistem Informasi

Geografis dengan Sistem
Informasi lainnya ?

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http://docs.qgis.org/2.18/en/docs/gentle_gis_introduction/introducing_gis.html

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2. Aspek Utama GIS ?

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2.1 Suatu GIS berbasis layer (layer-based GIS)

GIS memodelkan informasi geografis sebagai suatu set layer
atau thema tertentu

Contoh:
• Streets represented as centerlines
• Land-use areas that represent vegetation,
residential areas, business zones, and so
forth
• Administrative areas
• Water bodies and rivers
• Parcel polygons representing
landownership
• A surface used to represent elevation and
terrain
• An aerial photo or satellite image for an
area of interest

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Data atau Layer di dalam GIS, dapat berupa :

a. Feature classes ( Vektor data )
Tiap kelas fitur mengambarkan fitur yang ada di permukaan
bumi dengan logika tertentu

Feature (vector data)

• Point,
• lines,
• polygons,
• annotation

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Data atau Layer di dalam GIS, dapat berupa :

b. Raster datasets:
Rasters are cell-based datasets used to hold imagery, digital
elevation models, and other thematic data.

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Data atau Layer di dalam GIS, dapat berupa :

c. Attributes and descriptive information:
These are traditional tabular information used to describe
features and categories about the geographic objects within
each dataset.

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2.2 GIS menggunakan peta untuk visualisasi dan bekerja

Each GIS includes a set of intelligent,
interactive maps and other views
(such as 3D globes) that show
features and feature relationships on
the earth's surface.

Various map views of the underlying

geographic information can be
constructed and used as "windows
into the geographic database" to
support query, analysis, and editing of
geographic information. Maps can
also be used to access geographic
modeling tools that are used to derive
new information.

How maps convey geographic information 35

Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

2.3 GIS memilki sejumlah tool yang komprehensif untuk

analisis dan transformasi

GIS includes a large set of

geoprocessing functions to take
information from existing datasets,
apply analytic functions, and write
results into new result datasets.
There are numerous spatial
operators, such as the Buffer and
Intersect tools shown here, that can
be applied to GIS data.

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MapWindow 5

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QGIS

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ARCGIS

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Ada berapa Layer ?

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Ada berapa Layer ?

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Ada berapa Layer ?

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3. Sistem Koordinat & Georefensi

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3.1 Georeferensi
Georeferencing is about using map
coordinates to assign a spatial location to
map features.

All the elements in a map layer have a specific geographic location

and extent that enables them to be located on or near the earth's
surface. The ability to accurately locate geographic features is
critical in both mapping and GIS.

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3.2 Latitude and longitude

One method for describing the

position of a geographic location
on the earth's surface is using
spherical measures of latitude
and longitude.
They are measures of the angles
(in degrees) from the center of
the earth to a point on the earth's
surface.
This type of coordinate reference
system is often referred to as a
geographic coordinate system.

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3.3 Proyeksi Peta menggunakan koordinat kartesian

A projected coordinate system

is any coordinate system
designed for a flat surface,
such as a printed map or a
computer screen.
Both 2D and 3D Cartesian
coordinate systems provide the
mechanism for describing the
geographic location and shape
of features using x- and y-
values (and as you will read
later, by using columns and
rows in rasters).

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3.4 Properties and distortion in map projections

Since the earth is spherical, a

challenge faced by cartographers
and GIS professionals is how to
represent the real world using a
flat or planar coordinate system.

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4. How map convey Geographic

Information

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4.1 Peta
A map is a representation of spatial or geographic information as a series of
thematic layers of information for an area of interest. A printed map also
includes additional map elements laid out and organized on a page.

The map frame provides the

geographic view of
information while other
elements—for example, a
symbol legend, scale bar,
north arrow, descriptive text,
and a map title—around the
map collar help you to
understand, read, and
interpret the map's contents.

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4.1 Peta

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4.2 Layer

Geographic entities are presented as a series of map layers

that cover a given map extent
—for example, you can view
map layers such as roads,
rivers, place-names, buildings,
political boundaries, surface
elevation, and satellite
imagery.

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4.3 Map layout and composition

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4.4 Spatial relationships in a map

• Which geographic features connect to others (For example, Water Street
connects with 18th Ave.)
• Which geographic features are adjacent (contiguous) to others (For
example, the city park is adjacent to the university.)
• Which geographic features are contained within an area (For example, the
building footprints are contained within the parcel boundary.)
• Which geographic features overlap (For example, the railway crosses the
freeway.)
• Which geographic features are near others (proximity) (For example, the
courthouse is near the State Capitol.)
• The feature geometry is equal to another feature (For example, the city
park is equal to the historic site polygon.)
• The difference in elevation of geographic features (For example, the State
Capitol is uphill from the water.)
• The feature is along another feature (For example, the bus route follows
along the street network.)
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5. How maps are used in GIS

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GIS maps are:

• How you communicate and share GIS
• How GIS content is compiled and maintained
• How geographic information is designed and organized
using thematic layers
• How you derive new information using geoprocessing and,
subsequently, how you visualize, summarize, analyze,
compare, and interpret analytic results
• How you share geographic information for use on the Web

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For communication and understanding

Maps convey large amounts of information yet still manage to communicate
that information effectively and clearly. You can begin to understand and gain
insights by using maps.

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For finding patterns

Maps visually convey patterns. This map shows the age distribution of populations
across parts of Southern California. Darker colors represent areas with older
populations.

You can click a

feature on the map to
show the age
distribution for the
selected block group.
In this way, you are
using the map as a
window into richer
sets of geographic
and tabular
information.

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Here are four snapshots from a dynamic online map of

pronghorn antelope locations from four particular days (out
of 300).

These dots represent daily

movement of pronghorn
over a 10-month time span
from October 2002 through
August 2003. The Time
Slider tool in ArcMap is
used to put this dynamic
map into motion.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral_Sea

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For deriving new information using analysis

GIS maps combine powerful visualization with a strong analytic and modeling
framework. Analytic models in a GIS are used to generate model results that
can be added to your map display as new derived map layers.

A "heat map" showing criminal

activity. The hotter colors represent
higher crime rates. Image courtesy
of the Philadelphia Police
Department
(http://www.phillypolice.com/).

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This map shows predictions for malaria outbreaks in Africa.

Darker colors
represent a higher
projected density of
malaria cases. Image
courtesy of Adaptation
Atlas
(http://www.adaptation
atlas.org/).

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This map illustrates three routes used to optimize travel time

between stops for three vehicles in a fleet.

Organizations that use network

analysis to optimize their vehicle
routes typically save 20 percent
or more on their annual delivery
costs

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Spatial analysis is one of the more interesting and remarkable

aspects of GIS.

Using spatial analysis, GIS users can combine information from

many independent sources and derive an entirely new set of
information (results)—applying a large, rich, and sophisticated set
of spatial operators.

GIS professionals use Geoprocessing to "program their own

ideas" in order to derive these analytical results. In turn, these
results are applied to a wide variety of problems.

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To get status reports

On the Web, maps can be used to communicate status and keep teams up-to-
date on events. GIS information is dynamic and, for many layers, is updated on a
frequent basis. Dynamic maps are an effective way for everyone to see a common
picture of the latest information.

This status map from the United

Nations Office for the
Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs (OCHA) shows
humanitarian response efforts for
the Haitian earthquake in January
2010. image courtesy of OCHA
(http://ochaonline.un.org/).

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To compile geographic information

In this map, a feature

palette of land-use types is
used to lay out land-use
zones. You can sketch in
(outline) proposed zones
for visualizing and
analyzing various land-use
alternatives

Mobile GIS maps can be used for

collecting data in the field and for receiving
and viewing status reports on a mobile
map.

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To communicate ideas, concepts, plans, and designs

Maps help to communicate ideas, plans, and design alternatives. Effective layer
display, combined with interactive feature reporting, provide an important
mechanism to visualize, communicate, and understand various alternatives

Here are a series of 2D

and 3D maps that are
used to develop and
present design
alternatives and some of
the analysis used as
inputs into the design
decisions

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3. Bagaimana GIS digunakan?

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3. Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

What is it......?
(tempat; apa yang terjadi pada suatu tempat)
Where is it.....?
(Conditional question; lokasi mana yang menenuhi
kriteria tertentu)
How has it changed........?
(Trend; identifies geographic occurrence or trends that
have changed or in the process of changing)

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3. Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

Which data are related ........?

(Relational question: analyzes the spatial relationship
between objects of georaphic features)

What if.......?
(Model based question; computers and displays an
optimum path, a suitable land, risky area against
disasters etc. based on model)

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3. Contoh Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

PEMDA :
Pembuatan peta detail perkotaan

Tatakota:
menentukan jalur hijau, jalur
sepeda, lokasi taman,
sekolah, dll.

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3. Contoh Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

Transportasi:
Monitoring Fasilitas
Umum (jalan & jembatan)

Biologi:
Dampak pembangunan
terhadap lingklungan.

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3. Contoh Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

Ekonomi :
Perencanaan outlet
& analisa distribusi
pelanggan

Emergency:
Penentuan jalur dan
waktu tempuh paling
cepat

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3. Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

PDAM:
Pemetaan jaringan + deteksi
kebocoran pipa air minum

TelkomSeluler:
Penentuan BTS utk
Ponsel atau GSM

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3. Contoh Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

PLN :
Perencanaan dan operasi
Jaringan Kabel

Kepolisian :
Monitoring dan
mempelajari pola
kriminal

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3. Contoh Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

Meteorologi :
Meramalkan dinamika
perubahan iklim &
pengaruh angin ribut.

Kehutanan :
Antisipasi Kebakaran
Hutan

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3. Contoh Bagaimana GIS digunakan ?

Lingkungan:
Monitoring kualitas air

Hidrologi :
Penelurusan sumber
pencemar lingkungan

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Pemetaan Lokasi dan Potensi Gumuk di Kec

Kalisat & Sukowono

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Kombinasi dengan “ Drobe “ untuk Pemetaan

Gumuk

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Estimasi 3 Dimensi Gumuk .. Hitung volume

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Suitability Analysis :
Mencari lokasi yang tepat untuk pengembangan Singkong di
Bondowoso
Klasifikasi Peta : Penjumlahan Layer

Peruntukan Curah
Jenis Tanah Kemiringan Ketinggian
Lahan Hujan

Hasil Penjumlahan
Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

Hasil Pemetaan dan Analisis ...

Klasifikasi
kesesuaian
wilayah
berdasarkan
analisis multi-
kriteria
Dr. Indarto : SIstem Informasi Geografis

Aplikasi Quantum GIS untuk Pemetaan LP2B

se Kab. Banyuwangi

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Metodologi

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Pemetaan LP2B se Kab. Banyuwangi

• Citra Google Earth sebagai Dasar,
• Digitasi Manual di atas Quantum GIS

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Hasil Pemetan ...

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Hasil Pemetaan
• Peta di buat per Kecamatan
• Peta detail per Desa

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Hasil Pemetaan
• Peta di buat per Kecamatan
• Peta detail per Desa

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Pemetaan Wilayah Pertambangan Rakyat (WPR)

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Pemetaan DAS se Jawa Timur...

Dalam rangka penelitian Dosen & Mahasiswa FTP

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Sistem Informasi Manajemen Aset Irigasi

berbasis GIS ....

Keterangan :
(1) Daftar GPS
(2) Nomor Urut Ruas Saluran
(3) Nomor GPS Ruas Saluran
(4) Nomor GPS Total
(5) ID Nomor GPS Total
(6) Tipe dan Nama Tipe Ruas
Bangunan
(7) Koordinat Aset
(8) Luas DI (Ha)
(9) Luas Layanan (Ha)
(10)Ruas Saluran
(11)Kondisi/kerusakan
Gambar 6. Struktur GPS 90
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Pemetaan Trend Hujan Ekstrem di Wil Probolinggo &

Pasuruan (skripi mhs)

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Analisis Geospatial Hujan di wilayah Jawa Timur ...

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Analisis engaruh curah hujan terhadap Laju Erosi (TBE) ....

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Integrasi Drone dan GIS untuk pemetaan Banjir

di Kali Welang Pasuruan ....

Hasil simulasi HEC-GeoRAS untuk banjir 2016 (a),

2017 (b) and 2018 (c). 94
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4. Untuk apa saja GIS dapat

digunakan?

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https://gisgeography.com/gis-applications-uses/

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https://gisgeography.com/gis-applications-uses/

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https://gisgeography.com/gis-applications-uses/

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Kesimpulan
GIS dapat digunakan untuk membantu
menyelesaikan permasalahan pada berbagai
bidang kehidupan.
Penggunaan Teknologi dapat disesuaikan
dengan keterbatasan sumberdaya yang ada.

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