See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/372960293

“Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of Current

Applications and Future Possibilities”

Article in Quing International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering · August 2023
DOI: 10.54368/qijirse.2.2.0005

CITATIONS READS

2 2,709

3 authors, including:

Dr A.karunamurthy
Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College
24 PUBLICATIONS 13 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Dr A.karunamurthy on 08 August 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 “Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering, 2(2), 37-49”

“Vol. 2, No. 2; Apr – Jun (2023)”

“Quing: International Journal of Innovative

Research in Science and Engineering”
“Available at https://quingpublications.com/journals/ijirse”

“Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of

Current Applications and Future Possibilities”
Dr. A. Ramalingam
“Professor, Department of Master Computer Application, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Pondicherry, IND.”

Dr. A. Karunamurthy
“Associate Professor, Department of Master Computer Application, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College,
Pondicherry, IND.”

Dr. T. Amalraj Victoire

“Professor, Department of Master Computer Application, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Pondicherry, IND.”

B. Pavithra
“Student, Department of Master Computer Application, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Pondicherry, IND.”

ARTI CLE I N FO ABS TRACT

Received: 07-05-2023 Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by
Received in revised form: improving patient outcomes, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency. This
12-06-2023 paper provides a comprehensive review of the current applications of AI in
Accepted: 14-06-2023 healthcare, including machine learning, natural language processing, and
Available online: robotics. The paper also explores the future possibilities of AI in healthcare,
30-06-2023 such as personalized medicine, disease prediction and prevention, and drug
discovery. Furthermore, the paper addresses the ethical and regulatory
concerns that arise with the use of AI in healthcare.
K eyw ords:
Artificial Intelligence;
Ethical Concerns;
AI on Healthcare;
Machine Learning;
Natural Language
Processing;
Robotics.

© 2023 Quing: IJIRSE, Published by Quing Publications. “This is an open access article under the CC-BY 4.0 license, which
allows use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54368/qijirse.2.2.0005

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to transform
healthcare. AI encompasses a wide range of technologies that enable computers to perform tasks that
typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. The use of AI


Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] (B. Pavithra)

ISSN: 2583-3871 “Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering”
Ramalingam et al., (2023) 38

in healthcare has already shown promise in improving patient outcomes, reducing costs, and
enhancing efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current applications of AI
in healthcare, as well as the future possibilities of AI in healthcare. The rapid advancements in
artificial intelligence (AI) have brought about exciting opportunities for the healthcare industry. AI
technologies, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, have
revolutionized various aspects of healthcare delivery. These advancements have the potential to
significantly improve patient care, enhance diagnostics, streamline administrative processes, and
drive medical research and innovation.
One of the most notable applications of AI in healthcare is in diagnostics and medical imaging.
AI algorithms can analyse medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, to detect abnormalities,
tumours, and other conditions with high accuracy. This has the potential to improve early detection
and diagnosis, leading to better treatment outcomes.
AI-powered virtual assistants and chatbots have also found their way into healthcare settings,
providing patients with personalized support and information. These intelligent systems can answer
medical questions, provide guidance on self-care, and triage patients based on their symptoms. This
not only improves accessibility to healthcare but also reduces the burden on healthcare providers.AI
has shown promise in predictive analytics and patient monitoring. By analysing large amounts of
patient data, AI algorithms can identify patterns and risk factors for diseases, enabling healthcare
providers to intervene earlier and prevent adverse events. AI-powered wearable devices and remote
monitoring systems allow continuous monitoring of vital signs, providing real-time alerts for critical
changes in a patient's health status.
Figure 1
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

AI can also play a significant role in drug discovery and development. By analysing vast
amounts of biomedical data and scientific literature, AI algorithms can identify potential drug targets,
optimize drug design, and accelerate the process of clinical trials. This has the potential to bring new
treatments to patients faster and more efficiently. While AI has already made substantial
contributions to healthcare, its potential for the future is even more promising. Advancements in AI
algorithms, coupled with the increasing availability of healthcare data, can further improve the
accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic processes, enable personalized medicine, and enhance
“Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering” Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2
39 “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of Current Applications and Future Possibilities”

treatment recommendations. AI can also contribute to population health management by analysing

health records and social determinants of health to identify trends, predict disease outbreaks, and
allocate resources effectively.

1.1 Literature Review

There have been related works several studies and research papers published on the use of
AI in healthcare, addressing both the benefits and the potential challenges. Some of the related works
in this area include: “Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future” by Hsueh et al.,
(2018). This paper provides an overview of the history and current state of AI in healthcare and
discusses the future potential of the technology. “Challenges and opportunities in the use of artificial
intelligence for medical imaging” by Oermann, et al., (2019). This paper discusses the potential for AI
to transform medical imaging and highlights the challenges that need to be addressed, including
regulatory and ethical concerns. “Potential of machine learning in clinical medicine and decision-
making” by Abd-Alrazaq et al., (2019). This paper explores the potential of machine learning in
clinical decision-making and discusses the ethical and regulatory challenges that need to be
addressed. “Ethical and social implications of artificial intelligence in health care” by Capan et al.,
(2019). This paper examines the ethical and social implications of AI in healthcare, including issues
related to accountability, transparency, and bias. “Robotic-assisted surgery: a current perspective” by
Srinivasa et al., (2018). This paper provides an overview of the current state of robotic-assisted
surgery and discusses the potential benefits and challenges of the technology, including regulatory
and ethical concerns. These studies and many others demonstrate the significant potential of AI in
healthcare while also highlighting the importance of addressing ethical and regulatory concerns to
ensure the safe and effective use of the technology.

1.2 Current Applications of AI in Healthcare

Machine learning is a branch of AI that allows computers to learn from data without being
explicitly programmed. Machine learning has a wide range of applications in healthcare, including
image analysis, diagnosis, and treatment planning. For example, machine learning algorithms can be
used to analyse medical images, such as MRI scans, to identify patterns and predict outcomes.
Machine learning can also be used to develop predictive models for disease progression and
treatment response. Machine learning has indeed revolutionized various aspects of healthcare,
including image analysis, diagnosis, and treatment planning. With the ability to learn patterns and
make predictions from large amounts of data, machine learning algorithms have shown great
potential in improving healthcare outcomes.
In the field of medical imaging, machine learning algorithms have been developed to analyse
images from various modalities, such as MRI scans, X-rays, and CT scans. These algorithms can detect
and classify abnormalities, tumours, and other conditions with high accuracy. By training on large
datasets of annotated images, machine learning models can learn to identify subtle patterns that may
not be apparent to human observers. This can aid radiologists and other healthcare professionals in
making more accurate and timely diagnoses, leading to improved patient care. Furthermore, machine
learning algorithms can be used to develop predictive models for disease progression and treatment
response. By analysing patient data, including clinical records, genetic information, and biomarkers,
machine learning models can identify patterns and risk factors associated with specific diseases. This
information can help healthcare providers predict disease progression, identify patients at higher
risk of complications, and tailor treatment plans accordingly. For example, in oncology, machine
Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2 “Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering”
Ramalingam et al., (2023) 40

learning algorithms can analyse patient data to predict the likelihood of cancer recurrence and
recommend appropriate treatment options.
Machine learning can also contribute to treatment planning and decision-making. By
analysing large datasets of patient records, treatment outcomes, and medical guidelines, machine
learning models can generate treatment recommendations based on individual patient
characteristics. This can assist healthcare providers in choosing the most effective treatment options
and optimizing patient care.
Moreover, machine learning algorithms have the potential to identify new patterns and
relationships in biomedical data that may lead to novel discoveries and advancements in medical
research. By analysing large-scale genomics, proteomics, and other -omics data, machine learning can
help identify genetic markers, biomarkers, and potential drug targets. This can accelerate the process
of drug discovery and development, leading to the development of more targeted and personalized
treatments. However, it is important to note that the implementation of machine learning algorithms
in healthcare comes with challenges. Data quality, privacy, and ethical considerations are crucial
factors that need to be addressed. The availability of large and diverse datasets, as well as the
collaboration between healthcare providers and data scientists, is also vital for the successful
deployment of machine learning algorithms in healthcare settings.

1.3 Natural Language Processing (NLP)

NPL is another branch of AI that enables computers to understand and interpret human
language. NLP has a wide range of applications in healthcare, including clinical documentation,
patient engagement, and medical research. For example, NLP can be used to extract information from
clinical notes and electronic health records (EHRs) to improve clinical decision-making and patient
care. NLP can also be used to develop chatbots and virtual assistants that can help patients manage
their health.
Natural language processing (NLP) is another branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses
on the interaction between computers and human language. NLP enables computers to understand,
interpret, and generate human language, which has significant applications in healthcare. One of the
primary applications of NLP in healthcare is clinical documentation. Healthcare professionals
generate a vast amount of textual data, including electronic health records (EHRs), clinical notes, and
research papers. NLP algorithms can analyse and extract relevant information from these documents,
making them more accessible and useful. NLP can automatically identify key clinical information,
such as diagnoses, treatments, and lab results, from unstructured text, facilitating decision-making
and improving information retrieval.
Figure 2
Natural Language Processing

“Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering” Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2
41 “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of Current Applications and Future Possibilities”

NLP can also support clinical decision-making and provide evidence-based

recommendations. By analysing medical literature, treatment guidelines, and patient data, NLP
algorithms can extract relevant information and generate insights to assist healthcare providers in
making informed decisions. For example, NLP can analyse patient symptoms and medical history to
suggest potential diagnoses or recommend appropriate treatment options based on current medical
knowledge. Also, NLP can contribute to the improvement of patient outcomes through adverse event
detection and monitoring. By analysing patient records, NLP algorithms can identify potential
adverse events, such as medication errors or adverse drug reactions, by detecting patterns and
anomalies in the data. This enables healthcare providers to intervene in a timely manner, reducing
the risks and improving patient safety.
Patient engagement and communication can also benefit from NLP applications. Chatbots and
virtual assistants powered by NLP can interact with patients, answering their questions, providing
educational materials, and assisting with appointment scheduling. NLP algorithms enable these
virtual assistants to understand and respond to natural language queries, making the interaction
more user-friendly and efficient. Also, NLP can support clinical research and knowledge discovery.
By analysing large volumes of scientific literature and research articles, NLP algorithms can extract
relevant information, identify trends, and assist researchers in exploring new hypotheses and
discoveries. This can accelerate the research process and enhance medical knowledge.
Though, there are challenges in implementing NLP in healthcare. Natural language is complex,
ambiguous, and context-dependent, making it challenging for computers to understand and interpret
accurately. Variations in language, medical terminology, and the need to handle sensitive patient data
add further complexity to NLP applications in healthcare. Developing robust NLP algorithms that can
handle these challenges and ensure high accuracy is an ongoing area of research.

1.3.1 Phases of NPL

Natural Language Processing (NLP) can be broadly categorized into several phases or tasks
that collectively enable computers to understand and process human language. These phases often
overlap and can vary depending on the specific application or context. The main phases of NLP
include:
Figure 3
Phases of NLP

Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2 “Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering”
Ramalingam et al., (2023) 42

• Text Preprocessing: This phase involves cleaning and preparing the text data for
further analysis. It typically includes tasks such as tokenization (splitting text into
words or smaller units), stemming or lemmatization (reducing words to their base
form), removing stop words (commonly used words with little semantic value), and
handling special characters or punctuation marks.
• Part-of-Speech Tagging: In this phase, each word in a sentence is assigned a
grammatical label, such as noun, verb, adjective, etc. This information is crucial for
understanding the syntactic structure and meaning of a sentence.
• Named Entity Recognition (NER): NER involves identifying and classifying named
entities in text, such as names of people, organizations, locations, dates, and other
specific entities. This task is essential for extracting relevant information from text
and enabling further analysis or understanding.
• Sentiment Analysis: This phase focuses on determining the sentiment or emotional
tone expressed in text. It involves classifying text as positive, negative, or neutral, and
may also include detecting emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, etc. Sentiment
analysis is widely used in applications like social media monitoring, customer
feedback analysis, and market research.
• Syntax and Grammar Parsing: This phase involves analysing the syntactic structure of
sentences and understanding the relationships between words. It includes tasks such
as parsing, constituency analysis, dependency parsing, and syntactic tree
construction. These techniques help in understanding the grammatical structure and
meaning of sentences.
• Language Modelling: Language modelling involves building statistical or machine
learning models that capture the patterns and relationships between words in a given
language. These models can be used to generate coherent and contextually
appropriate text, predict the next word in a sequence, or estimate the likelihood of a
sentence.
• Machine Translation: Machine translation focuses on automatically translating text
from one language to another. It involves tasks such as language identification,
sentence alignment, word alignment, and generating a translated version of the
source text. Machine translation systems often utilize a combination of statistical
methods and neural network-based approaches.
• Question Answering: This phase deals with understanding questions posed in natural
language and providing relevant answers. It involves tasks such as question
classification, information retrieval, passage ranking, and answer generation.
Question answering systems aim to provide accurate and contextually appropriate
responses to user queries.

1.4 Robotics is Another Area of AI that has the Potential to Transform Healthcare
Robots can be used for a wide range of tasks in healthcare, including surgery, rehabilitation,
and patient care. For example, surgical robots can be used to perform minimally invasive procedures,
which can reduce recovery time and improve outcomes. Robots can also be used for telemedicine,
allowing healthcare providers to remotely monitor patients and provide care in real-time. Robotics,
as a field of artificial intelligence (AI), holds great promise for transforming healthcare. Robotics
“Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering” Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2
43 “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of Current Applications and Future Possibilities”

combines AI algorithms with mechanical devices to create intelligent machines that can perform
physical tasks and interact with the environment. In healthcare, robotic systems have the potential
to revolutionize various aspects of patient care, medical procedures, and healthcare operations.
One of the key applications of robotics in healthcare is in surgical procedures. Robotic surgical
systems, such as the da Vinci Surgical System, enable surgeons to perform minimally invasive
surgeries with enhanced precision and control. These systems consist of robotic arms with
specialized instruments controlled by the surgeon, offering increased dexterity, 3D visualization, and
reduced invasiveness. Robotic surgery can lead to shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and
improved surgical outcomes for patients. In accumulation to surgical applications, robots can also
assist healthcare providers in tasks such as patient care and rehabilitation. Robots can be used to
perform repetitive tasks, such as lifting and transferring patients, reducing the physical strain on
healthcare professionals and minimizing the risk of injuries. Robotic exoskeletons can aid in
rehabilitation by providing support and assistance to patients recovering from injuries or
impairments, helping them regain mobility and strength.
Robots equipped with sensors and AI algorithms can also be employed for remote monitoring
and telemedicine. These robots can navigate hospital corridors and patient rooms, capturing vital
signs, relaying information to healthcare providers, and allowing for remote consultations. This
enables healthcare professionals to monitor patients in real-time and provide timely interventions,
especially in remote or underserved areas. Besides, robotics can enhance the efficiency of healthcare
operations and logistics. Autonomous robots can be deployed for tasks such as medication delivery,
inventory management, and sterilization of hospital environments. This automation reduces the
workload on staff, improves accuracy, and allows healthcare professionals to focus more on patient
care. While robotics in healthcare offers numerous advantages, there are challenges to be addressed.
Ensuring the safety and reliability of robotic systems is crucial, particularly in critical procedures.
Robotic systems must undergo rigorous testing and validation to ensure they meet the highest
standards of safety and efficacy. Additionally, ethical considerations such as patient consent, privacy,
and maintaining the human touch in healthcare interactions need to be carefully considered and
addressed.

2.0 CHALLENGES
Though the integration of robotics in healthcare brings numerous benefits, there are several
challenges that need to be addressed for its successful implementation:
• Cost: Robotics systems can be expensive to acquire, maintain, and upgrade. The high
cost of robotic technology can pose financial challenges for healthcare institutions,
limiting their accessibility and adoption.
• Safety and Reliability: Ensuring the safety and reliability of robotic systems is crucial,
particularly in critical healthcare procedures. Robotic systems must undergo
thorough testing, validation, and regulatory compliance to minimize the risk of errors,
malfunctions, or adverse events.
• Training and Expertise: Healthcare professionals need specialized training to operate
and manage robotic systems effectively. The learning curve associated with robotics
technology can be steep, requiring ongoing training and education to ensure
proficiency and competence.
• Integration and Interoperability: Integrating robotics systems with existing healthcare
infrastructure and information systems can be complex. Seamless integration,
Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2 “Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering”
Ramalingam et al., (2023) 44

interoperability, and compatibility with electronic health records (EHRs) and other
healthcare technologies are essential for efficient workflow and data exchange.
• Ethical and Legal Considerations: Ethical dilemmas can arise in the use of robotics in
healthcare, such as issues related to patient consent, privacy, and the potential for
reduced human interaction and empathy. Ensuring ethical guidelines and legal
frameworks are in place is critical to address these concerns and maintain patient
trust.
• Acceptance and Resistance: The acceptance and adoption of robotics in healthcare may
face resistance from healthcare professionals who may fear job displacement or
perceive robotics as a threat to the human touch in patient care. Overcoming these
concerns and fostering a collaborative mindset is crucial for successful
implementation.
• Regulatory and Reimbursement Challenges: Regulatory bodies may need to adapt and
establish guidelines specific to robotics in healthcare. Additionally, reimbursement
models may need to be modified to accommodate the use of robotics, ensuring fair
compensation for services provided and encouraging widespread adoption.
• Limited Data and Evidence: Despite the potential of robotics in healthcare, there may
be a lack of robust clinical evidence and long-term outcome data to support its efficacy
and cost-effectiveness. More research and studies are needed to build a strong
evidence base for the benefits and impact of robotics in different healthcare
applications.
• Data quality and privacy: AI relies on high-quality data to generate accurate results,
but healthcare data can be incomplete, inconsistent, or biased. Additionally, there are
concerns about protecting patient privacy when sharing medical data for AI analysis.
• Regulatory and ethical concerns: There are concerns about the transparency and
accountability of AI algorithms, as well as the potential for bias and discrimination.
Regulatory bodies need to develop standards and guidelines for the use of AI in
healthcare to ensure that it is used ethically and safely.
• Adoption and integration: AI solutions need to be integrated into existing healthcare
systems and workflows, which can be challenging and time-consuming. Healthcare
providers need to be trained to use AI tools effectively, and there may be resistance
to change from some stakeholders.
• Liability and accountability: If an AI system makes a mistake that results in harm to a
patient, it can be difficult to determine who is responsible. Liability and accountability
need to be clearly defined to ensure that patients are protected.

2.1 Opportunities
The integration of robotics in healthcare presents several opportunities for advancements
and improvements in patient care, medical procedures, and healthcare operations. Some of the key
opportunities include:
• Enhanced Precision and Accuracy: Robotic systems can offer enhanced precision and
accuracy in surgical procedures, leading to better surgical outcomes and reduced
risks. The high precision and dexterity of robotic arms can enable surgeons to perform
“Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering” Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2
45 “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of Current Applications and Future Possibilities”

intricate tasks with improved control and accuracy, minimizing the potential for
human error.
• Minimally Invasive Surgeries: Robotic surgical systems enable minimally invasive
procedures, resulting in smaller incisions, reduced scarring, and faster recovery times
for patients. The use of robotics can lead to shorter hospital stays, decreased post-
operative pain, and a quicker return to daily activities.
• Remote and Telemedicine Capabilities: Robots equipped with sensors, cameras, and
communication technology can facilitate remote monitoring and telemedicine.
Healthcare professionals can remotely access patient information, provide
consultations, and monitor vital signs in real-time, allowing for more efficient and
accessible healthcare delivery, particularly in remote or underserved areas.
• Repetitive and Physically Demanding Tasks: Robots can assist healthcare professionals
in performing repetitive and physically demanding tasks, reducing the strain on
healthcare staff and minimizing the risk of injuries. This can free up healthcare
professionals' time to focus on more complex and critical aspects of patient care.
• Rehabilitation and Assistive Devices: Robotic exoskeletons and assistive devices can
aid in rehabilitation and support patients with mobility impairments. These devices
can provide targeted therapy, assist with movements, and enable individuals to regain
or enhance their physical capabilities, improving their quality of life.
• Optimized Healthcare Operations: Robotics can optimize healthcare operations by
automating tasks such as medication delivery, inventory management, and
sterilization processes. This automation can improve efficiency, accuracy, and reduce
the workload on healthcare staff, enabling them to focus on patient care and complex
decision-making.
• Training and Simulation: Robotic systems offer opportunities for training and
simulation in healthcare. Surgeons and other healthcare professionals can practice
and refine their skills using virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)
simulations, providing a safe and controlled environment for learning and enhancing
expertise.
• Data-driven Insights: The integration of robotics in healthcare generates vast amounts
of data that can be analysed to gain insights, improve outcomes, and advance medical
research. Analysing data from robotic procedures and patient monitoring can help
identify patterns, trends, and correlations, leading to personalized treatment plans,
early detection of complications, and advancements in medical knowledge.
• Improved diagnostics and treatment: AI have the potential to analyse large amounts of
data and generate insights that can help healthcare providers make more accurate
diagnoses and develop more effective treatments.
• Personalized medicine: By analysing patient data, AI can identify patterns and make
predictions about individual patients' health risks and treatment needs. This can
enable healthcare providers to deliver more personalized care.
• Efficiency and cost savings: AI can automate repetitive tasks, reduce errors, and
optimize resource allocation, which can improve efficiency and reduce costs.
Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2 “Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering”
Ramalingam et al., (2023) 46

• Remote care and telemedicine: AI-powered tools can enable remote monitoring and
diagnosis, which can improve access to care for patients in remote or underserved
areas.
• Drug discovery and development: AI can help identify new drug targets and accelerate
the drug development process by simulating the effects of drugs on the body.
Through capitalizing on these opportunities, robotics can significantly transform healthcare,
leading to improved patient outcomes, increased efficiency, and advancements in medical practice.
Collaboration between healthcare professionals, technology developers, researchers, and
policymakers are crucial to leverage these opportunities and ensure the successful integration of
robotics into healthcare systems.

3.0 FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF AI IN HEALTHCARE

The future possibilities of AI in healthcare are vast and exciting. One of the most promising
areas of AI in healthcare is personalized medicine. Personalized medicine involves tailoring medical
treatment to an individual's genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environment. AI can be used to analyse
vast amounts of data to develop personalized treatment plans that are tailored to each patient's
unique needs. Another promising area of AI in healthcare is disease prediction and prevention. AI can
be used to analyse data from multiple sources, such as genetic testing, medical records, and
environmental data, to identify individuals who are at high risk of developing certain diseases. This
information can be used to develop preventive strategies that can reduce the incidence of disease.
Finally, AI has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery. AI can be used to analyse vast amounts
of data to identify new drug targets and develop more effective treatments. AI can also be used to
optimize clinical trials, reducing the time and cost of bringing new drugs to market. There are
concerns about the potential for AI to perpetuate bias and discrimination in healthcare. For example,
if AI algorithms are trained on biased data, they may make biased decisions that negatively impact
certain populations. Regulatory concerns also arise with the use of AI in healthcare. The development
and use of AI algorithms must be subject to regulatory oversight to ensure their safety and
effectiveness.
The future possibilities of AI in healthcare are vast and hold the potential to revolutionize the
way healthcare is delivered. Advancements in AI techniques and technologies are expected to bring
several benefits and advancements in healthcare. Some of the future possibilities of AI in healthcare
include:
• Precision Medicine: AI can play a crucial role in advancing precision medicine, which
aims to tailor medical treatments and interventions to individual patients. AI
algorithms can analyse large-scale genomic data, patient health records, and other
relevant information to identify patterns, predict disease risks, and develop
personalized treatment plans. This can lead to more targeted and effective therapies,
minimizing adverse effects and optimizing patient outcomes.
• Drug Discovery and Development: AI can accelerate the drug discovery and
development process by analysing vast amounts of biomedical data, including
genomic information, protein structures, and scientific literature. AI algorithms can
identify potential drug candidates, predict their efficacy, and optimize their
properties. This can reduce the time and cost associated with bringing new drugs to
market and enhance the success rate of drug discovery efforts.
“Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering” Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2
47 “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of Current Applications and Future Possibilities”

• Intelligent Imaging and Diagnostics: AI-powered image analysis techniques can

significantly enhance medical imaging and diagnostics. Machine learning algorithms
can analyse medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, to detect
abnormalities, assist in early disease diagnosis, and provide quantitative assessments.
AI can help radiologists and other healthcare professionals make more accurate and
timely diagnoses, leading to improved patient outcomes.
• Virtual Assistants and Chatbots: AI-driven virtual assistants and chatbots have the
potential to enhance patient engagement and provide 24/7 support. These intelligent
systems can interact with patients, answer their questions, provide guidance, and
offer personalized health recommendations. Virtual assistants can assist with
appointment scheduling, medication reminders, and post-care instructions,
improving patient experience and adherence to treatment plans.
• Predictive Analytics and Early Warning Systems: AI algorithms can analyse patient data
in real-time to identify patterns, predict disease progression, and provide early
warnings for adverse events. By continuously monitoring patient vital signs,
electronic health records, and other relevant data, AI systems can alert healthcare
providers to potential complications, allowing for timely interventions and
preventive measures.
• Robotics and Automation: Robotics combined with AI can further advance surgical
procedures, patient care, and healthcare operations. Intelligent robotic systems can
assist surgeons in performing complex surgeries with enhanced precision and
control. Robots can also automate routine tasks, such as medication dispensing,
sample processing, and logistics, freeing up healthcare professionals' time and
improving overall efficiency.
• Natural Language Processing and Clinical Decision Support: Natural language
processing (NLP) techniques can be further advanced to improve clinical
documentation, extract relevant information from medical literature, and provide
real-time clinical decision support. AI-powered systems can analyse vast amounts of
medical literature, treatment guidelines, and patient data to support healthcare
professionals in making evidence-based decisions and recommendations.
• Remote Monitoring and Telehealth: AI-enabled remote monitoring systems can
continuously collect patient data and transmit it to healthcare providers. AI
algorithms can analyse the data to detect deviations from normal ranges and alert
healthcare professionals in real-time. This enables remote monitoring of patients with
chronic conditions, post-surgical care, and elderly populations, allowing for early
intervention and reducing the need for hospital visits.
The regulatory framework must also address issues related to data privacy and security. In
terms of accountability and transparency, there needs to be a clear understanding of how AI
algorithms make decisions. This includes understanding the inputs, outputs, and decision-making
process of the algorithm. Additionally, there needs to be a clear chain of responsibility for decisions
made by AI algorithms. This can be achieved through the use of explainable AI (XAI), which is
designed to provide a clear explanation of how an algorithm arrived at a decision.
Bias and discrimination are also major ethical concerns with the use of AI in healthcare. AI
algorithms may perpetuate bias if they are trained on biased data or if the algorithm itself has biases
built-in. To address this concern, it is important to ensure that the data used to train AI algorithms is
Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2 “Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering”
Ramalingam et al., (2023) 48

diverse and representative of the population. Additionally, algorithms should be designed with
fairness and equity in mind and should be regularly audited to ensure that they are not perpetuating
bias. In terms of regulatory concerns, there needs to be a clear regulatory framework for the
development and use of AI algorithms in healthcare. This includes regulations around data privacy
and security, as well as regulations around the safety and effectiveness of AI algorithms. Additionally,
there needs to be clear guidelines around the use of AI algorithms in clinical decision-making and
patient care. To realize these future possibilities, ongoing research and development are required to
refine AI techniques, improve data quality and interoperability, address privacy and security
concerns, and ensure ethical considerations are met. Collaboration between AI experts, healthcare
professionals, regulatory bodies, and policymakers is essential to harness the full potential of AI in
healthcare while addressing the challenges and ensuring patient safety and trust.

3.1 Robust Regulatory Framework:

A robust regulatory framework for AI in healthcare should encompass both the techniques
and algorithms used in AI systems. Here are some key aspects that can be included in such a
framework:
• Validation and Certification: Establishing standards and procedures for the validation
and certification of AI algorithms and systems in healthcare. This can involve rigorous
testing, verification, and evaluation processes to ensure the safety, reliability, and
effectiveness of AI technologies.
• Transparency and Explain ability: Requiring AI systems to provide explanations and
justifications for their decisions and recommendations. Transparency in algorithmic
decision-making is important to understand how AI arrives at its conclusions,
enabling healthcare professionals to trust and verify the outputs.
• Data Quality and Governance: Setting guidelines for data collection, quality, and
governance to ensure that AI algorithms are trained on diverse, representative, and
reliable datasets. This includes addressing biases, ensuring data privacy and security,
and obtaining appropriate consent for data usage.
• Ethical Considerations: Incorporating ethical principles into the regulatory
framework, such as fairness, accountability, and respect for patient autonomy. This
can involve guidelines for addressing biases, preventing discrimination, and
safeguarding patient privacy and confidentiality.
• Algorithm Monitoring and Auditing: Requiring regular monitoring and auditing of AI
algorithms to detect and mitigate biases, errors, or unintended consequences. This
can involve periodic assessments of AI system performance, validation of ongoing
data quality, and reviews of algorithmic decision-making processes.
• Adverse Event Reporting: Establishing mechanisms for reporting and investigating
adverse events or incidents related to the use of AI in healthcare. This can help identify
potential risks, improve system performance, and ensure accountability for any harm
caused by AI technologies.
• Continual Learning and Improvement: Encouraging a culture of continual learning and
improvement in AI systems. This involves updating algorithms based on new
evidence, feedback, and advancements in medical knowledge, and ensuring that
healthcare professionals are kept up to date with the latest developments.
“Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering” Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2
 49 “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of Current Applications and Future Possibilities”

• Regulatory Oversight and Collaboration: Establishing regulatory bodies or agencies

responsible for overseeing AI in healthcare and collaborating with experts, healthcare
professionals, researchers, and industry stakeholders. This collaborative approach
can facilitate the development of effective regulations and ensure their adaptation to
the evolving landscape of AI technologies. By incorporating these aspects into a robust
regulatory framework, it is possible to address the unique challenges posed by AI in
healthcare and promote the safe and responsible use of AI techniques and algorithms.
This framework can provide guidance, establish standards, and create accountability,
ultimately fostering trust in AI systems and maximizing their potential benefits while
minimizing potential risks.

4.0 CONCLUSION
The use of AI in healthcare has the potential to revolutionize patient care by improving
outcomes, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency. However, ethical and regulatory concerns must
be addressed to ensure the safe and effective use of AI in healthcare. By developing a robust
regulatory framework and addressing ethical concerns, we can harness the power of AI to improve
patient care and advance medical research while ensuring that the technology is used in a responsible
and equitable manner.

REFERENCES
Abd-Alrazaq, A., Alajlani, M., & Alalwan, A. A. (2019). Potential of machine learning in clinical medicine
and decision-making. Journal of Medical Systems, 43(7), 176.
Bhuvaneswari, S., & Asha. G. (2022). Classification of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) using
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) Architecture. Quing: International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science and Engineering, 1(1), 23-30.
https://doi.org/10.54368/qijirse.1.1.0007
Capan, M., Kalkan, K., & Durdu, Y. B. (2019). Ethical and social implications of artificial intelligence in
health care. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 12, 3.
Hsueh, P. Y. S., Chen, R., & Tsai, S. L. (2018). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and
future. American Journal of Medicine Research, 5(3), 55-61.
Karunamurthy, A., & Aramudhan, M. (2019). Predictive Health Analytic Model in Federated Cloud.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(2), 2093-2096.
http://www.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B2309.078219
Karunamurthy, A., Kulunthan, K., Dhivya, P., & Vickson, A. V. S. (2022). A Knowledge Discovery Based
System Predicting Modelling for Heart Disease with Machine Learning. Quing: International
Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering, 1(1), 14-22.
https://doi.org/10.54368/qijirse.1.1.0005
Karunamurthy, A., Yuvaraj, M., Shahithya, J., & Thenmozhi, V. (2023). Cloud Database: Empowering
Scalable and Flexible Data Management. Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research
in Science and Engineering, 2(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.54368/qijirse.2.1.0004
Oermann, E. K., Rubin, D. L., & Rybicki, F. J. (2019). Challenges and opportunities in the use of artificial
intelligence for medical imaging. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 16(9), 1289-
1297.
Srinivasa, S., McLawhorn, A. S., & Attarian, D. E. (2018). Robotic-Assisted Surgery: A Current
Perspective. Annals of Joint, 3, 89.
Apr – Jun’ 2023: Volume 2 Issue 2 “Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering”

View publication stats