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RAM holds software programs and data for processing when a program is started. Cache stores the next likely data or instruction to prevent bottlenecks. Peripheral devices connect to computers to enhance functionality and include input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices.

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19 views

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RAM holds software programs and data for processing when a program is started. Cache stores the next likely data or instruction to prevent bottlenecks. Peripheral devices connect to computers to enhance functionality and include input devices like keyboards and mice, and output devices.

Uploaded by

krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Random access memory (RAM) is the part of primary storage that holds a software program and
small amounts of data for processing. When you start most software programs (such as Microsoft
Word)
on your computer, the entire program is brought from secondary storage into RAM.
As you use the program, small parts of the program's instructions and data are sent into the registers
and then to the CPU. Compared with the registers, RAM stores more information and is located
farther
away from the CPU.
5. The storage area for the next likely data or instruction to be processed preventing bottleneck and
slowing of the system is known as the Cache.
Computer Peripheral
A peripheral device links to a computer system to enhance the functionality of the computer. It is not
part of the core computer architecture. Input devices, output devices, and storage devices are the
types
of peripheral devices.
Input Devices
Input devices serve as a link between a user and the computer. It allows users to feed instructions and
data to computers for processing, display, storage and/or transmission. Some input devices are:
1. Keyboard – It is used to enter data into the computer in both alpha and numeric forms.
Some important keys in a keyboard are:
(i) Toggle Keys - It is used to change the input mode of a group of keys on a keyboard. Caps Lock,
Num Lock, Scroll Lock are toggle keys.
➢ Caps Lock – Capitalizes all letters.
➢ Num Lock – Makes sure numbers are inputs from the keypad.
➢ Scroll Lock - Allows the arrow keys to scroll through the contents of a window.
(ii) Modifier Keys - It is a special key (key combination) that temporarily modifies the normal action
of another key when pressed together. Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Fn are modifier keys.
➢ Shift - used for capitalizing letters and entering different types of symbols.
➢ Function (Fn) - Other functions such as brightness and volume control.
➢ Control (Ctrl) - used for entering keyboard shortcuts, such as Ctrl+S, Ctrl+P etc.
➢ Alt - used in combination with the numeric keys and the Control key for entering keyboard
shortcuts.
(iii) Function Keys - A key on a computer keyboard, distinct from the main alphanumeric keys, to
which software can assign a function. F1 - F12 keys are known as function keys and each key
performs a different function. It may be used as single key commands (e.g., F5) or combined
with one or more modifier keys (e.g., Alt+F4).
(iv) Escape Key – It is located in the upper left corner of a computer keyboard. It is often used to
quit, cancel, or abort a process which is running on a computer.
2. Mouse - It is a pointing and cursor-control device. A round ball at its base senses the movement
of a mouse and sends corresponding signals to CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed. A
mouse has two or three buttons called Left, Right, and Middle button.
3. Joy Stick – It is used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen. It is mainly used in
Computer Aided Design (CAD) and playing games on the computer. It can also be helpful as an
input device for people with movement disabilities.
4. Track Ball – It is mostly used in notebooks or laptops. It is a ball which is half inserted and by
moving fingers on the ball, the pointer can be moved.
5. Scanner – It captures images from printed material and converts it into a digital format that can
be stored within the PC. Flatbed Scanners, Hand Scanners, Sheetfed Scanner are some types of
scanner.
6. Barcode Reader – It is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. A light sensor in the
barcode reader can read the barcode and translates optical impulses into electrical impulses to
store the data into the computer. It is an important tool for warehouse management and
operations.

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