ROLE OF A TEACHER IN STUDENT

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AT SECONDARY

LEVEL IN DISTRICT BANNU
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, all glory be to Allah
Who gave me courage and patience for conducting this research
dissertation? No one ever accomplishes much of anything alone. I wo
uld like to thank anumber of people for providing me with their
support which I needed to complete this study. First and foremost, my
supervisor Dr. Muhammad Asif khan, who helped and encouraged me
while conducting this study. Without his helpful comments and
valuable advice would have remained incomplete. I would also like to
thank a number of my colleagues at Qurtuba University who acted as
sounding boards for various ideas in this study
ABSTRACT
Education is a continuous process. It is not a means to an end; it is an
end in itself. The basic aim of education is developing personality of
an individual and equipping him/her with basic knowledge. Keeping
this aim of education in mind. There searcher investigated the role of
a teacher in personality development. Education also denotes the act
of teaching. This study throws light on
the principles and methods of teaching. As we know, teaching is an ar
t, a creativereflective process. It is not a value free activity. It creates
all other professions. Teaching affects and motivates learning of
children as they are not aware of their faculties. It is the job of a
teacher to develop and foster the faculties and
powers possessed by children. To become such a teacher, we need to
know about ourstudents.The role of a teacher in personality
development has always been a focal pointing every society interested
in education. Now-a-days personality development is global concern.
This study will add to literature already---------.The sole purpose of
educational psychology is personality development. In personality
development, working on all aspects such as cognitive, effective,
physical, social and spiritual of development of students is the focal
point. It is the foremost responsibility of teacher to help individuals
realize their full potentials in order to take their place as responsible
citizens with over-powering personalities. The aim of this research is
to provide an understanding about the role of teacher in personality
development. It is, therefore, necessary for a teacher to develop
understanding of different aspects of personality development. Above
all, personality is everything. This study will guide new as well as
experienced teachers to understand their role in personality
development. The result shows that a teacher could play a role in
shaping personality of an individual by working on different aspects
of personality development. It is also recommended that further and
more detailed studies may be conducted regarding cognitive and
effective development of an individual.
 CHAPTER-1INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Education is a continuous process. It is power. It is not a means to an end. It isan end in itself.
In fact, one of the aims of education is to develop personality of anindividual and to equip
every child with basic knowledge. Keeping in view the personality development of a child,
the researcher will investigate the role of a teacherin personality development.Personality
development being at the apex of all psychological studies is thecentral point. The
development of personality is the main objective of present dayeducation. However, in
defining personality there are some misconceptions. Incommon language, the term is used to
indicate physical appearance. We tend toassociate personality with gorgeous looks and an
impressive bearing and dismiss anugly person as devoid of personality. This cannot be the
complete meaning of personality. Appearance is only a part of personality (M.A
Haq, 1990).In simple terms, personality consists of the following approaches.1.
The way we look2.
The way we dress.3.
The way we talk4.
The way we act.5.
The skill with which we do things.6.
The way we maintain our health.
2In fact, personality is derived from the Greek word persona. There are at leastfour distinct
meanings of persona. These include:1.
As one appears to others.2.
The part that one plays in life.3.
As assemblage of personal qualities that fits a man for his work.4.
Distinction and dignity.After passing through different stages in the course of time, the
wordultimately became personality.
Some general characteristics of personality are as under
1.
It is dynamic.2.
It is a product of heredity and environment.3.
It is a product of inner aspects and outer ones.4.
It is the end product of learning.5.
It is unique (if it is not unique, it cannot be called a personality) Personality covers the whole
nature of the individual (Crow, 1973) personalityis not a passive entity but a dynamic
character of the individual which findsexpression through his conduct and activities (Dennis
Coon, 2007). Personality is aset of traits influencing the behavior of an individual. It is all
that a person is (Allport,1936).As for as personality development is concerned, it results from
a combinationof inherited and environmental factors, at birth, we are endowed with
a complex set of genes that provide potential for development. On the other hand, the word
development is distinguished from the term
3growth. The terms growth and development mean the changes that take place inhuman
behavior particularly in a child after conception right from the womb to the tomb. The terms
mean the same thing and have been used interchangeably. But in reality and from the point
of terminology, they are two separate terms having different meanings. Let us see the
meaning and difference of both growth and development (Javed M.I, 2010).
1
. Development is internal in nature. It can only be felt. It can indirectly bemeasured. It is
function-based. It means working of the internal organs andtheir functions. However,
development as such is a comprehensive term. It is alife-long process.
2.
Growth is external in nature. It is measurable, it can be directly measured. It issize-based. It
means increase or addition in size or weight. Its chief concern iswith the physical aspect of an
individual. Growth stops at a particular age.Growth and development are inter-related. Both
are inter-dependent andinfluence each other. When growth stops because of illness or there is
prematurestoppage of growth, development is equally effected.In fact, it is true that there are
only benefits and no disadvantages to having personality development. Some of the benefits
are as under: -
1.
One of the key benefits of personality development is the over-shine that is brought about in
a person after undergoing personality development.
2
. It develops many traits that form his/her charming whole and there issharpening of
personality for the better.
3.
Another key benefit is confidence boosted.
4 Now-a-days, personality development of student is a global concern.
The sole purpose of educational psychology is all about it. The goals of educational psycholo
gy are to understand and to improve the teaching learning process.Educational psychologists
develop knowledge and methods: they also use theknowledge and methods of psychology
and other related disciplines to study learningand teaching in everyday situations. Both in the
past and today, educational psychologist strive to improve educational practice.In personality
development, working on all aspects such as cognitive,emotional, physical, social and
spiritual of development of students is the focal point.Above all, personality to a man is like
fragrance to a flower (Charles M. Schwab).Teaching is an art ------ a creative reflective
process. (Schon, 1983) teaching isnot a value free activity (Elizabeth Hatton, 1998), it creates
all other professions. It isnot just a skill or a job. It is a way of life. It is not confined to class-
rooms. It occurseverywhere on this green planet. Teaching effects and motivates learning.
Nobodycan
learn for another; students create their own knowledge and skills. The teacher’s
role is to orchestrate materials, tasks, environments, conversations, and explanationsthat
encourage and support learning and the increasing independence of their students.To become
such a teacher, you will need to know about your students. Becoming anexpert teacher takes
time and experience (Schon, 1983). Our Holy Prophet has beensent as a teacher to this world.
He was asked to teach people the Holy Quran and
to push back the boundaries of ignorance and to expand the corpus of knowledgeforever. In
fact, Allah is the teacher of the entire universe. All sacred books have been
revealed on God’s Holy Messengers who were in broader sense
teachers of the peoplein their times.
5A teacher plants seeds of knowledge and seeds of the future. He/she is the real builder of
a nation. He/she is the person who has the ability to shape individuals. It isthe foremost
responsibility of a teacher to help individuals realize their full potentialand take their place in
society as responsible citizens. This is possible upon utilizingdifferent strategies to shape
personality of students. My teachers have shaped
my personality. They have left no stone unturned to support me through thick and thinand
never left me in the lurch. Upon graduation from Islamia College Peshawar, i wasunable to
continue my education due to fiscal problems. I was asked at home to earnan honorable
living. My teachers in general and our English teacher in particularsupported me to pursue
higher studies at prestigious University. As a result, I amgrateful to my teachers and I salute
them from the core of my heart. Now, I offer myservices in government high school with
handsome package. I am able to fend formyself and my family.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The researcher investigated the role of a teacher in the personalitydevelopment of these
growing children. The role of teacher was investigated indeveloping these growing children
and to help them realize their potentials andfaculties in order to emerge as the responsible
citizens of the society.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The aim of this research is to study/provide an understanding about the role ofa teacher in
personality development. It will carry the reader through the availableknowledge about
personality development in an orderly and common sense manner. Ithing this research will be
a fair step to help teachers to fulfill the requirements ofgenerations of all ages and stages. It
is, therefore, necessary for a teacher to developan understanding of how he/she could control
the different aspects of personalitydevelopment.

6
1.3 METHODOLOGY
The research is qualitative in nature. It was carried out in a case studystyle.Some03 students
of my class were selected as the subject of this study,
their behavior in the class was observed, their level of achievement, their social relationwith
other students and their level of participation served as three indicators for this study. Under
these 03 indicators, any change was recorded. For recording these changes, I used class room
observation check lists (see annexure-1),
their performance test scores in deferent subjects (see annexure-2) and to record anychange in
their social attitude (see nnexure-3), change index record was maintained.
1.4 DELIMITATIONS
Personality development is a relative term. It is not an absolute term.Personality development
is a long process. It is a time-consuming and a herculeantask. It is not a matter of one day
(short time) rather it is a matter of life (long time).Attitudinal change does not occur over-
night. This change takes place slowly andgradually and is a result of tedious effort. It takes
20-30 years to shape personality ofan individual. Teacher is short of time and cannot spend
the above-mentioned timewith an individual to measure development thoroughly. Due to lack
of time, theteacher could affect the cognitive, affective development of an individual.
1.5 CASE STUDY
The role of a teacher in this regard has a significant role in developing different aspects of
personality of students. His role is general not specific. It is complex role. Teacher must
believe that all his students have the capacity to learn. This is the basic commitment of
teacher to student. Teacher must view himself as teacher of all rather than as an instructor of
the able (Elizabeth Hatton, 1998). Teacher is he who can shape the personality of an
individual. Three students of mine who are now in grade six (6) were very shy and slow
learners. They were afraid of 7tests and failed to obtain even passing marks in weekly tests.
They were suffering from inferiority complex. Their parents were very upset with their low
performance. In future, the teachers would be determined to implement all their plans on
these students. I tried to give them friendly environment and spent more time with them to
strengthen their strengths and worked on their weaknesses. I had informal discussion with
them and encouraged them to face challenges and confront hardships boldly. With G
od’s help, they improved
Day by day. Moreover, they were able to express themselves in front of capacity crowd
without any fear and hesitation. Their peers considered them as their role models in the class.
These learners progressed by leaps and bounds.
2.1 CHILD DEVELOPMENT
As the children grow, they develop in several different ways. Childdevelopment includes
physical, intellectual, social and emotional changes.Children grow and mature at different
rates. There can be big differences inheight, weight and build among healthy children. Diet,
exercise and genes are allfactors. Some children begin puberty or are close to it before they
are teenagers.Children start to become more independent from their family. They also
lookoutward to their friends who are usually of the same sex. Peer approval becomes very
important because your child may try new behaviors to be part of “the group”. This
can also be the time that parents or teachers recognize learning disabilities or behavioral
problems in children (Allyn and Bacon, 2002).
2.2
TEACHER’S ROLE

Teacher is the vital part of educational system. He is a source of professionaland educational

enrichment. The role of a teacher in personality development hasalways been the focal point
in every society interested in education. A number ofcritics have presented their views in this
regard. The researcher aims to go throughvarious critics speaking about this role. It will be
elaborated because the diversity ofeducation and variety in theories demand a microscopic
inspection of the statement bythe people in the field.
2.3 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Human personality is not something material to be comprehended by the
9senses. It may be said that it is something non-material which has the capacity
of judgment. Personality is to be understood as an indivisible whole. Personality doesnot end
with the death of a person. Person dies and his/her personality remains forever (M.A Haq,
1990). Personality (a structure of traits) is something dynamic and not static. The word
dynamic means that personality is growing and changing and not something fixed. In addition
to this, personality is not a haphazard collection of traits of tendencies but a unified system
where parts are related to each other and to the whole. Character is often used synonymously
with personality but the term characters evaluative in nature. It refers to those traits of
personality which are approved such as honest, integrity, self-control and their opposites. A
trait is a dimension
of personality which can be measured and must describe the consistent behavior of anindivid
ual. A trait, in order to be a meaningful measure of the human personality, must be a
distinctive and enduring characteristic of an individual. Temperament is notto be confused
with personality. The term temperament is limited to those underlying factors of personality
which are in-born such as instinctive drives and certain other
tendencies (Javed M.I, 2010).The term development in its most general psychological sense
refers to certain changes that occur in human beings (or animals) between conception and
death. The term is not applied to all changes, but rather to those that appear in orderly ways
and remain for a reasonably long period of time. A temporary change caused by a brief
illness, for example, is not considered a part of development. Psychologists also makea value
judgment in determining which changes qualify as development. The changes----- at least
those that occur early in life--- are generally assumed to be for the better and to result in
behavior that is more adaptive, more organized, more effective, and more complex (Mussen,
Conger, & Kagan, 1984).
2.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
1. People Develop at different rates.
2. Development is relatively orderly.
3. Development takes place gradually.
Personality development does not mean the characteristics and appearance of a person
which grows and develops as age proceeds. It means developing a personality cult so as to
create a strong positive impression about yourself. It is the development of the organized
pattern of behavior and attitudes that makes a person distinctive. The teacher sets and
organizes patterns of behavior according to the prevalent social norms or religious philosophy
and influences distinctive attitudes of a child by helping him/her realize the potentials for
future development. Personality development occurs by the ongoing interaction of
temperament, character and environment. Personality consists of various elements like
intelligence, physique, temperament and patience etc. The word personality refers to the
overall out-come of what a man is.
2.5 DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF PERSONALITYDEVELOPMENT
Human Development can be divided into a number of different aspects. Physical
development, as you might guess, deals with changes in the body. Personal development
Is the term generally used for changes in an individual’s personality?
Social development refers to changes in the way an individual relates to others. Emotional
development is a term referring to changes in emotions. Cognitive development refers to
changes in thinking. The phrase cognitive development refers to growth in the ability to
think; to visualize objects not present, solve problems, make plans, deals with abstractions or
11symbols. Reading, writing, arithmetic all require certain cognitive skills. Terms like
Cognitive and cognition are often used to indicate “intelligence” or “conscious
Awareness.”
Effective development refers to the meaner in which we deal with things emotionally such as
feelings, values, appreciations, attitudes etc.000000 (Anita Woolfolk, 2002)

CHAPTER-3METHODOLOGY
The researcher selected 03 students as the subject of this study. I started observing these three
students for several days and I found them very shy and isolated. They were not friendly and
were not interacting with their class-fellow. They were always silent and lazy. They were not
cheerful in class-room. Slowly and gradually, they were losing their interest in studies. They
considered themselves alone as they were living a life of loneliness and isolation. Besides this
they were passive listeners and their level of participation was not good. They were not
participating in class-room activities and postponed their assignments and skipped their
writing home-work. Moreover, they were not interested in curricular and co-curricular
activities. Consequently all this has affected their level of achievement and their social
relations with other students badly
Not being good achievers, they did not pass their tests with flying colors.Obtaining passing
marks was something very difficult for them. This caused embarrassment for them in class-
room and these pupils avoided meeting their class-mates in society. Furthermore, the
situation worsened day by day. Upon observing this phenomenon, I decided to work with
them and build their personalities. With
God’s help, I succeeded in building and developing their peers
On laities to great extent. Education is the formation of habits. To accomplish this end, I tried
to mend their bad habits regarding class-room environment. As far as their attendance is
concerned, it was very poor. They were not punctual students. Being absent from school is
not a good habit as this is the time of building their personalities. I tried to convince them to
stop absenteeism as this could damage their education and interesting studies. I motivated
them to attend school every day because attending school every day could help them in
personality development
13Apart from this, they were lazy doing their class-work and they were not following
discipline properly. In addition to this, they avoided doing their home-work and not giving
attention to cleanliness. They were also in the habit of construing and
Not following teachers’ instructions properly. Keeping in view all these weaknesses, I
Tried to help them to turn these weaknesses into strengths by showing to them some clips on
white-board using projector high-lighting the importance of an industrious life. To be honest,
they are satisfied with the services offered by the school. They improved a lot by mending
these weaknesses in order to emerge as well-
rounded personalities. Annexure No 1 shows their improvement in all the above-
mentionedareas.Education is to bring positive change in behavior. Keeping this axiom in
mind, I worked with them to mend their behavior to build their personalities. As far as their
attitude is concerned, it was moving from bad to worse day by day. They were shy and
isolated in the class. They were dumb, reluctant and afraid of conversing with other students.
I found them that they were not obedient, helpful and caring. This made me very upset as this
was something very challenging for me. Finally, I held informal discussion with Aftab khan,
Naveed and Akhtar-Hussain individually and talked to them to know their backgrounds. In
addition to this, I tried to give them friendly environment in which they could feel
comfortable and in which they could express themselves in the best possible way. My focus
was on personality development. To accomplish this purpose, made many home visits on
Sundays
to bring some change in their attitudes. I spent weeks working on their attitudes anddevelopin
g their social relations with other students. Annexure 03 shows the progressing their attitudes.
Education is not preparation for life. Education is life and life is education. Asfar as their
level of achievement is concerned, it was not satisfactory. They were slow learners. They
were afraid of tests and failed to achieve even passing marks in tests.

14Their performance in four subjects (English, Mathematics, Urdu and G. Science) was very
low and thus caught my attention. I had frequent discussions with them and tried to know the
cause of their low performance in these four subjects. I gave them extra time and took them
to computer-lab to catch up activities. Besides this, with their parental consent, I took them to
Directorate of Archives and Libraries near Peshawar Museum to show them the house of
wisdom and information. They were very excited as they observed different people studying
different books, magazines and newspapers etcetera. We visited there on Sunday May, 21 and
observed all sections of this library. This visit developed their interest in studies and
enhanced their level of caliber. One Sunday I took them to Islamia College (the mother of all
universities) to tell them about its historic background. I also told them about its historic
background and the self-less leaders produced by this College their happiness and excitement
knew no boundaries. The purpose behind visiting Islamia College was to develop their
interest in studies and to boost their confidence to face challenges and confront hardships
boldly and to emerge victorious. In a nutshell, I noticed some signs of improvement in their
level of achievement and performance day in and day out .The following annexure
shows their performance in these subjects respectively.