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INTERNATIONAL GCSE
BIOLOGY
Paper 1

Wednesday 26 October 2022 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler with millimetre measurements Question Mark
• a scientific calculator. 1

Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
5
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 6
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not 7
want to be marked.
TOTAL
Information
• There are 90 marks available on this paper.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers.

Advice
In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

0 1 This question is about biomass and energy.

Figure 1 shows a food chain.

Figure 1

0 1 . 1 What energy does the lettuce absorb to make food molecules?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Heat

Light

Sound

0 1 . 2 The biomass of each stage of a food chain can be represented in a pyramid of

biomass.

Which pyramid of biomass represents the food chain in Figure 1?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

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0 1 . 3 Energy can be measured in joules (J). box

174 000 J of energy reach the lettuce in 1 day.

The lettuce absorbs 1914 J of energy.

Calculate the percentage of energy that the lettuce absorbs.

[2 marks]

Percentage = %

0 1 . 4 Chloroplasts in plant cells absorb energy.

Plant cells contain several other parts.

Draw one line from each cell part to its function.

[3 marks]

Cell part Function of the part

Contains cell sap

Mitochondria

Controls the activity of

the cell
Nucleus

Controls what enters and

leaves the cell
Vacuole

Releases energy for the

cell

Question 1 continues on the next page

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Figure 1 is repeated below. box

Figure 1

Figure 2 shows a different food chain.

Figure 2

0 1 . 5 The food chain in Figure 2 is more efficient than the food chain in Figure 1 in making
food for humans.

Explain why the food chain in Figure 2 is more efficient.

[2 marks]

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0 1 . 6 The lettuces that are not eaten die and decay. box

Complete the sentences.

[2 marks]

The dead lettuces decay in a process called .

The process is carried out by .

0 1 . 7 Substances are released when lettuces decay.

The substances help new plants grow.

Which two substances are released?

[2 marks]
Tick () two boxes.

Amylase

Carbon dioxide

Nitrate ions

Oxygen

Starch 13

Turn over for the next question

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0 2 Substances can be transported into and out of cells by: box

• diffusion
• osmosis
• active transport.

Figure 3 shows four cells in a solution.

Figure 3

0 2 . 1 Which cell will oxygen diffuse into?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

A B C D

0 2 . 2 Which chemical reaction in cells requires oxygen?

[1 mark]

0 2 . 3 Which cell will use active transport to absorb glucose molecules?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

A B C D

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0 2 . 4 What is needed to move glucose molecules into a cell by active transport? box

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Carbon dioxide

Energy

Ions

A student investigated osmosis in potato cells.

This is the method used.

1. Prepare a sugar solution at a concentration of 1.0 mol/dm3.

2. Cut six potato pieces of equal size.
3. Put 50 cm3 of the 1.0 mol/dm3 sugar solution into a labelled boiling tube.
4. Record the mass of a potato piece and place in the boiling tube.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for five other concentrations of sugar solution.
6. After 1 hour remove each potato piece and gently dry with a paper towel.
7. Record the mass of each potato piece.
8. Calculate the percentage change in mass for each potato piece.

0 2 . 5 Describe how to accurately prepare 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol/dm3 sugar solution using
distilled water and the 1.0 mol/dm3 sugar solution.

You should include the equipment you would use.

[2 marks]

0 2 . 6 What is the independent variable in this investigation?

[1 mark]

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Table 1 and Figure 4 show the results. box

Table 1

Starting mass of End mass of potato

Concentration of sugar Percentage change
potato piece in piece in grams
solution in mol/dm3 in mass
grams

0.0 1.20 1.44 +20.0

0.2 1.10 1.17 +6.4

0.4 1.12 1.20 +7.1

0.6 1.25 1.27 +1.6

0.8 1.23 1.18 –4.1

1.0 1.17 1.10 –6.0

Figure 4

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0 2 . 7 The result at 0.2 mol/dm3 sugar solution is anomalous. box

What evidence in Figure 4 shows the result is anomalous?

[1 mark]

0 2 . 8 Suggest an error that may have caused the anomalous result.

[1 mark]

0 2 . 9 Determine the concentration inside the potato cells.

You should draw a line of best fit on Figure 4.

[2 marks]

11
Concentration = mol/dm3

Turn over for the next question

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0 3 This question is about cells. box

0 3 . 1 Name the type of cell division that produces new skin cells.
[1 mark]

0 3 . 2 Give two reasons why new skin cells are needed.

[2 marks]

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0 3 . 3 Human gametes are also produced by cell division. box

Where are gametes made in the human body?

[1 mark]

0 3 . 4 Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

[1 mark]

doubled stayed the same halved

After cell division to produce gametes the

chromosome number has .

0 3 . 5 A human baby will inherit chromosomes from both of its parents.

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human baby have?

[1 mark]

0 3 . 6 A baby will inherit alleles for the ABO blood group from its parents.

What are alleles?

[1 mark]

Question 3 continues on the next page

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Back pain is a long-term problem for some people. box

Back pain can be treated using stem cells.

0 3 . 7 What are stem cells?

[2 marks]

0 3 . 8 Back pain can also be treated by having nerve block injections.

Figure 5 gives information about two treatments for back pain.

Figure 5

Stem cells Nerve block injections

Stem cells are taken from the patient’s bone Anaesthetic and other medication is injected
marrow using a needle. into the correct area using guidance from
X-ray images or ultrasound (sound wave
The stem cells are injected into the correct images).
area using guidance from X-ray images.

The stem cells encourage damaged tissues Treats the symptoms but does not remove
to repair themselves. the source of pain.

Repair takes many weeks to occur. Pain relief may be instant.

Repeat treatment should not be required. Injections need to be repeated three times
each year.

80% of patients experience less or no pain 46% of patients report significant reduction in
after treatment. pain after treatment.

Risks Risks (all rare)

• mild soreness is common • infection
• infection is rare. • bleeding
• allergic reactions
• spinal cord damage.

Used to treat back pain since 2010. Used to treat back pain since before 1980.

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Evaluate the use of stem cells rather than using nerve block injections for treating
back pain.
[6 marks]

15

Turn over for the next question

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0 4 This question is about cells, tissues and organs. box

0 4 . 1 Complete the sentence.

[2 marks]

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar

and .

0 4 . 2 What are organs made up of?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Bacteria

Plasma

Tissues

0 4 . 3 What is a group of organs that carry out a particular function called?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

An organ mass

An organ network

An organ system

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Single-celled organisms exchange gases across their outer surface membranes. box

Figure 6 shows models of three single-celled organisms.

All measurements are in millimetres (mm).

SA : Vol = surface area to volume ratio

Figure 6

0 4 . 4 What is the SA : Vol of Organism C?

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

1:1 2:1 3:1

0 4 . 5 The models in Figure 6 represent organisms living in the same pond.

Which organism will have the fastest exchange rate of gases with the pond water?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Organism A

Organism B

Organism C

Question 4 continues on the next page

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One organ in the human body is the heart. box

The heart pumps blood around the body.

The heart has valves.

0 4 . 6 What is the function of the valves in the heart?

[1 mark]

0 4 . 7 In some people valves may become faulty.

Describe the two main faults of heart valves.

[2 marks]

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0 4 . 8 Faulty heart valves can be replaced by biological heart valves or by mechanical heart box

valves.

What are the different types of replacement heart valves made of?
[1 mark]

Biological heart valves are made of .

Mechanical heart valves are made of .

0 4 . 9 While waiting for a valve replacement a patient may need a device to allow the heart
to rest.

Name the device that can be used to allow the heart to rest.
[1 mark]
11

Turn over for the next question

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0 5 The common cuckoo bird has unusual breeding behaviour. box

0 5 . 1 The male common cuckoo attracts a female with two signals.

Complete the sentences.

Choose answers from the box.

[2 marks]

chemical sound visual

Typical ‘cuckoo’ calls are signals.

Dancing with drooped wings is a signal.

Figure 7 describes the breeding behaviour of the common cuckoo.

Figure 7

Mating

A male attracts a female and the pair mate for life.

Egg-laying

The female lays up to 25 eggs in one season.

Cuckoo birds do not build a nest of their own.
The female lays one egg in each nest of a particular species of host bird.
The female then removes one of the host bird’s eggs and destroys it.
The eggs of cuckoos look like the eggs of the chosen host species.
The egg is laid very quickly while the host female is distracted.

Hatched chicks

The cuckoo egg hatches in 12 days: earlier than the host bird’s eggs.
The hatched cuckoo chick is blind and has a loud begging call for food from the host
parents.
The cuckoo chick grows quickly. It will push host eggs and chicks out of the nest.

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0 5 . 2 What type of behaviour is pushing host eggs or chicks from the nest? box

[1 mark]
Tick () one box.

Classic conditioning

Habituation

Imprinting

Innate

0 5 . 3 Describe how three of the behaviours of the common cuckoo ensure the survival of
the species.

Do not refer to pushing host eggs or chicks from the nest.

[3 marks]

0 5 . 4 Explain the advantage for the cuckoo of having only one mate for life.
[3 marks]

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0 6 All cells respire. box

0 6 . 1 Complete the balanced symbol equation to represent aerobic respiration.

[2 marks]

+ → +

Students investigated the effect of running speed on the volume of oxygen absorbed.

Figure 8 shows the mean rate of oxygen absorption by the lungs at different running
speeds.

Figure 8

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0 6 . 2 Describe the trends shown in Figure 8. box

Use data in your answer.

[3 marks]

0 6 . 3 Explain why the heart rates of the students increased when they started running.
[4 marks]

Question 6 continues on the next page

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0 6 . 4 Explain why many of the students developed muscle fatigue when running at box

16 kilometres per hour.

[3 marks]

0 6 . 5 After the students stopped running at 16 kilometres per hour, their heart rates
remained high for several minutes.

Explain why the heart rate of the students remained high.

[2 marks]

0 6 . 6 Yeast is a microorganism that can live in an environment with very little oxygen.

Which two products are formed when yeast respires without oxygen?
[1 mark]

1
15
2

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0 7 Bacteria, viruses and fungi are microorganisms. box

Some microorganisms cause infectious diseases.

0 7 . 1 What is the scientific term for microorganisms that cause infectious diseases?
[1 mark]

0 7 . 2 Antibiotics kill bacteria but do not kill viruses.

Why is it difficult to develop drugs to kill viruses?

[1 mark]

0 7 . 3 Explain why it is important to develop new antibiotics to kill infectious bacteria.

[3 marks]

Question 7 continues on the next page

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A drug company is developing a new antibiotic, P, to treat infections. box

The scientists at the drug company carried out three investigations.

The first investigation was on the diffusion of antibiotic P through agar gel.

This is the method used.

1. Prepare a plate of agar gel in a Petri dish.

2. Soak a paper disc in antibiotic P and place in the centre of the agar gel.
3. Wait 24 hours for antibiotic P to diffuse outwards from the disc into the agar gel.
4. Take samples of the agar gel at various distances from the disc.
5. Find the concentration of antibiotic P in each sample.

Figure 9 shows how the apparatus was set up.

Figure 9

Table 2 shows the results of the first investigation.

Table 2

Distance from disc Concentration of antibiotic P

Sample
in centimetres in arbitrary units
1 0.10 10.0

2 0.20 5.0

3 X 4.0

4 0.33 3.0

5 0.50 2.0

6 1.00 1.0

7 1.43 0.7

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The scientists found that the concentration of antibiotic P varied according to the box
equation:

1
concentration of antibiotic =
distance from the disc

0 7 . 4 X is the distance from the disc where the concentration of antibiotic P was
4.0 arbitrary units.

Calculate value X in Table 2.

[3 marks]

X= cm

Question 7 continues on the next page

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Figure 10 shows the results of the first investigation. box

Figure 10

0 7 . 5 Name the type of mathematical relationship shown in Table 2 on page 24

and Figure 10.
[1 mark]

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In the second investigation, the scientists added bacteria to an agar gel plate before box
placing a disc soaked in antibiotic P on the plate.

The scientists found that:

• all the bacteria were killed by antibiotic P at concentrations above 1.5 arbitrary units
• a clear circular zone appeared in 24 hours where there were no bacteria.

0 7 . 6 Calculate the area of the clear zone.

Use Figure 10.

Use 𝜋𝜋 = 3.14

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

[5 marks]

Area of clear zone (3 significant figures) = cm2

Question 7 continues on the next page

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The scientists carried out a third investigation. box

This is the method used.

1. Apply the bacteria to another agar gel plate so that the density is
2 000 bacteria per mm2.
2. Place a disc soaked in antibiotic P in the centre of the agar gel plate.
3. Incubate for 24 hours.
4. Take samples at 0.2 cm distances from the disc.
5. Count the number of bacteria present per mm2.
6. Calculate the number of bacteria killed.

Figure 11 shows the results of the third investigation.

Figure 11

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0 7 . 7 Line A on Figure 11 shows the first decile for this data. box

Describe what line A tells you about this data.

[1 mark]

0 7 . 8 Draw a line on Figure 11 to show the 50th percentile for this data.
16
[1 mark]

END OF QUESTIONS

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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Question Additional page, if required.
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