Scribd
Upload
8 views

Algo Pekan 12

The document discusses Python functions including defining functions, passing arguments, return values, recursion, and more. Functions are blocks of code that run when called and can accept parameters and return values.

Uploaded by

Ndi Rabbni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Algo Pekan 12

The document discusses Python functions including defining functions, passing arguments, return values, recursion, and more. Functions are blocks of code that run when called and can accept parameters and return values.

Uploaded by

Ndi Rabbni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

FUNCTION

Informatics Engineering
Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Bandung
2020
Python Functions
• A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.
• You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function.
• A function can return data as a result.

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Creating a Function
• In Python a function is defined using the def keyword:
• Example
• def my_function():
print("Hello from a function")

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Calling a Function
• To call a function, use the function name followed by parenthesis:
• Example
• def my_function():
print("Hello from a function")

my_function()

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Arguments
• Information can be passed into functions as arguments.
• Arguments are specified after the function name, inside the
parentheses. You can add as many arguments as you want, just
separate them with a comma.
• The following example has a function with one argument (fname).
When the function is called, we pass along a first name, which is used
inside the function to print the full name:

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Arguments
• Example
• def my_function(fname):
print(fname + " Refsnes")

my_function("Emil")
my_function("Tobias")
my_function("Linus")

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Parameters or Arguments?
• he terms parameter and argument can be used for the same thing:
information that are passed into a function.
• From a function's perspective:
• A parameter is the variable listed inside the parentheses in the
function definition.
• An argument is the value that are sent to the function when it is
called.

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Number of Arguments
• By default, a function must be called with the correct number of
arguments. Meaning that if your function expects 2 arguments, you
have to call the function with 2 arguments, not more, and not less.
• Example
• This function expects 2 arguments, and gets 2 arguments:
• def my_function(fname, lname):
print(fname + " " + lname)

my_function("Emil", "Refsnes")

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Number of Arguments
• If you try to call the function with 1 or 3 arguments, you will get an
error:Example
• This function expects 2 arguments, but gets only 1:
• def my_function(fname, lname):
print(fname + " " + lname)

my_function("Emil")

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Arbitrary Arguments, *args
If you do not know how many arguments that will be passed into your
function, add a * before the parameter name in the function definition.
This way the function will receive a tuple of arguments, and can access
the items accordingly:
Example : If the number of arguments is unknown, add a * before the
parameter name:
def my_function(*kids):
print("The youngest child is " + kids[2])
my_function("Emil", "Tobias", "Linus")

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Keyword Arguments
• You can also send arguments with the key = value syntax.
• This way the order of the arguments does not matter.
• Example
• def my_function(child3, child2, child1):
print("The youngest child is " + child3)

my_function(child1 = "Emil", child2 = "Tobias", child3 = "Linus")

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Arbitrary Keyword Arguments, **kwargs
If you do not know how many keyword arguments that will be passed
into your function, add two asterix: ** before the parameter name in
the function definition. This way the function will receive a dictionary
of arguments, and can access the items accordingly:
Example : If the number of keyword arguments is unknown, add a
double ** before the parameter name:
def my_function(**kid):
print("His last name is " + kid["lname"])
my_function(fname = "Tobias", lname = "Refsnes")

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Default Parameter Value
The following example shows how to use a default parameter value.
If we call the function without argument, it uses the default value:
Example :
def my_function(country = "Norway"):
print("I am from " + country)

my_function("Sweden")
my_function("India")
my_function()
my_function("Brazil")
Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020
Passing a List as an Argument
You can send any data types of argument to a function (string, number,
list, dictionary etc.), and it will be treated as the same data type inside
the function. E.g. if you send a List as an argument, it will still be a List
when it reaches the function. Example :
def my_function(food):
for x in food:
print(x)
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
my_function(fruits)

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Return Values
To let a function return a value, use the return statement. Example :
def my_function(x):
return 5 * x

print(my_function(3))
print(my_function(5))
print(my_function(9))

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


The pass Statement
function definitions cannot be empty, but if you for some reason have a
function definition with no content, put in the pass statement to avoid
getting an error. Example :
def myfunction:
pass

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Recursion
Python also accepts function recursion, which means a defined function can
call itself. Recursion is a common mathematical and programming concept. It
means that a function calls itself. This has the benefit of meaning that you
can loop through data to reach a result.
The developer should be very careful with recursion as it can be quite easy to
slip into writing a function which never terminates, or one that uses excess
amounts of memory or processor power. However, when written correctly
recursion can be a very efficient and mathematically-elegant approach to
programming.
In this example, tri_recursion() is a function that we have defined to call itself
("recurse"). We use the k variable as the data, which decrements (-1) every
time we recurse. The recursion ends when the condition is not greater than 0
(i.e. when it is 0).

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Recursion
To a new developer it can take some time to work out how exactly this works, best way to
find out is by testing and modifying it. Example :
Recursion Example
def tri_recursion(k):
if(k>0):
result = k+tri_recursion(k-1)
print(result)
else:
result = 0
return result
print("\n\nRecursion Example Results")
tri_recursion(6)

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020


Thanks

Algorithm & Programming @ STT Bandung 2020

You might also like