National polytechnic school

1st year Preparatory Cycle

2023/2024
Algebra II.

o
Series of exercises n 3 - Semestr II
Endomorphism reduction & linear system

Exercise
 1 Give the
 eigenvectors
 of the following
 matrices :
−2 −1 9 11 −6 2
A = −9 4 0,B = 31 −6 10 −4.
   

−3 1 1 2 −4 6

Exercise 2 Under what conditions can we diagonalize the following matrix of M3 (R) ? Discuss and calculate a diagonaliza-
tion basis when this is the case.
 
1 a b
A = 0 1 1
 

0 0 c
,

Exercise 3 Trigonalize the following matrix :

 
7 3 2 5
 
 10 7 4 9 
A=
 9

 6 4 8 
−15 −9 −5 −12
,
 
−a + 1 a−3 −3a − 3 4a + 6
 
 −a a−2 a−6 6 
Exercise 4 A = 21  ,
 3
 −3 −4a + 1 4a  
3 −3 −4a − 3 4a + 4
1. By carrying out the following basic operations : L1 −L2 , L3 −L4 ; then C1 +C2 , C3 +C4 on the characteristic polynomial,
find the eigenvalues and discuss according to the value of a, dimR (ker(A − λI4 )). Is A diagonalizable ?
2. Let ϵ′ = (e′1 ; e′2 ; e′3 ; e′4 ) a basis of R4 such that



 e1 = 1/2(e′1 + e′3 − e′4 )
1/2(−e′1 + e′3 + e′4 )

 e =
2
′ ′ ′ ′
 e3 = 1/2(e1 − 2e2 + e3 + e4 )


(e′2 − e′3 )

 e =
4

We denote Q the transition matrix from this

 basis to thestandard basis of R4 .
1 1 1 0
 
0 1 1 1
i) Justify by the scaling method that P =   is the transition matrix of the standard basis of R4 towards
1 0 0 1
 
1 1 0 1
this new base.
ii) Using the two matrices P and Q, justify that the new matrix T of A in this new basis is a triangular matrix, and
it is block diagonal.
iii) Under what condition on a is the new matrix T diagonal ?
3. We admit that the so-called characteristic subspace N1 = ker(A − λ1 I4 )2 is generated by : < V1 = e1 + e2 ; V2 =
−e1 + e3 + e4 > and that the second characteristic subspace N2 = ker(A − λ2 I4 )2 < V3 = −e2 + e3 ; V4 = e1 + e2 + e4 > ;
Using the kernel theorem, ie R4 = N1 ⊕ N2
Show that we thus obtain a new reduction by blocks of the matrix A. We denote B the new matrix obtained.

1 1
 National polytechnic school
1st year Preparatory Cycle
2023/2024
Algebra II.

 
3 1 0
Exercise 5 Let A =  −4 −1 0 .
 

4 8 −2
1. Verify that A is not diagonalizable.
2. Determine Ker(A − I)2 .
 
a 0 0
3. Show that A est similar to a matrix of the form  0 b c 
 

0 0 b
n
4. Calculate A for n ∈ N .
 
1 −1 −1
Exercise 6 Consider the matrix A = −1 1 −1.
 

−1 −1 1
t
1. Calculate A. Is the matrix A diagonalizable ?
2. Diagonalize A.

Exercise 7 Is the following matrix diagonalizable, triangularizable ? Perform explicitly the reduction.
 
3 2 4
A = −1 3 −1
 

−2 −1 −3

3 a−2 −2 2
2−a 2a − 1 −1 1
Exercise 8 1. Calculate ∆ = , a ∈ R,
4 − 3a 3a − 4 3a − 3 4 − 2a
2 − 3a 3a − 2 2a − 1 2 − a
   
x 1
   
y  b
 z  , Y = 0 , b, c ∈ R
2. Deduce X of AX = Y ; X =    
   
t c

Exercise 9 Discuss and solve the following linear system

 :
  x +ay +a2 z +a3 t = a4
 x +my +z +t =1


+b2 z +b3 t = b4
 
 x +by
(S1 ) : mx +y +(2m − 1)z +pt = m (S2 ) : 2
  y +2az +3a t = 4a3
x +y +z +t =m
 

+3b2 t = 4b3

 y +2bz

2 2