1. What is an operating system?

The software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides
common services for applications.

2. What are the basic functions of an operating system?

- Process management - Memory management - Device management - File

management - Security

3. What is the difference between a process and a thread?

- A process is a program in execution.

- A thread is a lightweight process within a process, allowing for concurrent execution

within the same process.

4. What is multitasking?

The ability of an OS to run multiple programs concurrently.

5. What is a kernel?

The core part of the OS that manages hardware resources and provides basic services to
other parts of the OS.

6. What is a shell?

The user interface that allows users to interact with the OS using commands.

7. What is virtual memory?

A technique that allows the OS to manage memory as if it were larger than physical
memory, enabling processes to be larger than physical RAM.

8. What is a file system?

The method by which the OS organizes, stores, and retrieves data files on storage
devices.

9. What is a device driver?

Software that allows the OS to communicate with a specific hardware device.

10. What is a process control block (PCB)?

A data structure that stores information about a process, such as its state, memory
allocation, and priority.

11. What is a system call?

A mechanism that allows a program to request services from the kernel.

12. What is a scheduling algorithm?

A set of rules used by the OS to determine which process gets access to the CPU at a
given time.

What is the role of an operating system?

a. To provide an interface between the user and the hardware.

b. To manage system resources.

c. To run applications.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following is not a function of an operating system?

a. Memory management

b. Device management

c. Application development

d. File management

Which of the following is not a type of operating system?

a. Real-time operating system

b. Batch processing system

c. Standalone operating system

d. Network operating system

What is a process in an operating system?

a. A program in execution

b. An application in development

c. A file on disk

d. A device driver

What is multitasking?

a. Running multiple programs at the same time

b. Running multiple instances of the same program

c. Running multiple threads in a single program

d. Running multiple applications on different computers

What is a kernel?

a. The core of the operating system

b. A graphical user interface

c. A command-line interface

d. An application programming interface

What is virtual memory?

a. A way for the operating system to manage physical memory

b. A way for the operating system to manage disk space

c. A way for the operating system to manage CPU time

d. A way for the operating system to manage network connections

What is a file system?

a. A way for the operating system to manage files on disk

b. A way for the operating system to manage memory

c. A way for the operating system to manage network connections

d. A way for the operating system to manage devices

What is a device driver?

a. A program that controls a hardware device

b. A program that controls a software application

c. A program that controls the kernel

d. A program that controls the file system

What is a system call?

a. A request made by a user-level program to the operating system kernel

b. A request made by the kernel to a user-level program

c. A request made by a device driver to the kernel

d. A request made by a network connection to the kernel

What is a deadlock?

a. A situation where two or more processes are waiting for each other to release a
resource
b. A situation where a process uses too much memory

c. A situation where a device driver fails to communicate with a hardware device

d. A situation where the file system becomes corrupt

What is a semaphore?

a. A synchronization tool used to control access to a shared resource

b. A tool used to manage virtual memory

c. A tool used to manage devices

d. A tool used to manage file systems

What is a scheduling algorithm?

a. A method used by the operating system to determine which process to run next

b. A method used by the kernel to manage memory

c. A method used by the kernel to manage devices

d. A method used by the kernel to manage file systems

What is fragmentation?

a. A problem that occurs when memory becomes fragmented into small pieces

b. A problem that occurs when disk space becomes fragmented into small pieces

c. A problem that occurs when devices become fragmented into small pieces

d. A problem that occurs when processes become fragmented into small pieces

What is a cache?

a. A high-speed memory used to store frequently accessed data

b. A type of device driver used to control graphics cards

c. A type of memory used to store virtual memory pages

d. A type of memory used to store files on disk

What is a buffer?

a. A temporary storage area used to hold data

b. A device used to control network traffic

c. A type of memory used to store device drivers

d. A type of memory used to store file system metadata