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Subject: Software Engineering
Class: CS15E
Chapter One: Agile software development

1. What Are the Essential attributes of good software?

 Maintainability
 Dependability
 Efficiency
 Acceptability
2. What are the two fundamental types of software product?
 Generic Products
 Customized Products
3. What is software engineering?
 is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production.
4. What are The Four fundamental activities in Software engineering?
 Software specification
 Software development
 Software validation
 Software evolution
5. What Is Difference Between Software Engineering And Computer Science?
 Computer science focuses on theory and fundamentals and mathematics.
 Software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering
useful software
6. List 5 Different Types of Software Application?
 Stand-alone applications
 Interactive transaction-based applications
 Embedded control systems
 Batch processing systems
 Entertainment systems
 Systems for modelling and simulation
7. What Is a Software Engineering Code Ethics?
 A set of principles that set out, in a general way, standards of expected behaviour for
professional software engineers.

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Chapter two: Software processes
1. What are fundamental activities that are common to all software processes?
 Specification
 Design and implementation
 Validation
 Evaluation
2. List the 3 generic process models that are used in software engineering?
 Waterfall model, incremental development, software prototyping
3. Why are iterations usually limited when the waterfall model is used?
 Because of the costs of producing and approving documents, iterations can be
Costly and involve significant rework.
4. What are three benefits of incremental development, compared to the waterfall model?
 The cost of incremental is less than waterfall cost
 More rapid delivery and deployment of useful software.
 It is easier to get customer feedback
5. What are the development stages in reuse-based development?
 Component analysis
 Requirement modification
 System design with reuse
 Development & integration
6. What are the principle requirements engineering activities?
 Feasibility study
 Requirements analysis
 Requirements specification
 Requirements validation
7. Why is increasingly irrelevant to distinguish between software development and evolution?
 few software systems are completely new systems and more realistic model of software
development is an iterative process that lasts for the lifetime of the software
8. What are advantages of using incremental development and delivery?
Incremental development:
 Cost of incremental is less than waterfall cost
 It is easier to get customer feedback on the development work that has been done
 More rapid delivery and development of useful software
Incremental delivery:
 Customer value can be delivered with each increment
 Early increments act as a prototype to help elicit requirements for later increments.
 Lower risk of overall project failure
 The highest priority system services tend to receive the most testing
9. What are 4 sectors in each loop in Boehm’s spiral model?
 Planning

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 Development and validation
 Risk assessment and reduction
 Objective setting
10. What are 6 fundamental best principles in the RUP?
 Develop software iteratively
 Manage requirements
 Use component-based architectures
 Visually model software
 Verify software quality
 Control changes to software

Chapter Three: Agile software development

1. What are the shared characteristics if different approaches to rapid software development?
 The processes of specification, design, and implementation are interleaved.
 The system is developed in a series of versions. With stakeholder’s feedback.
 System user interfaces are often developed using an interactive development system that.
2. For what types of system are agile approaches to development particularly likely to be
successful?
 Product development
 Custom system development
 Customer involvement
 Incremental delivery
 People not process
 Embrace change
 Maintain simplicity
3. List 4 questions that should be asked when deciding whether or not to adopt an agile method of
software development?
 Is it important to have a very detailed specification and design before moving to
Implementation
 Is an incremental delivery strategy, where you deliver the software to customers
And get rapid feedback from them, realistic?.
 How large is the system that is being developed?
 What type of system is being developed?
4. What are the three important characteristics of extreme programming?
 Requirement expressed a scenarios
 Pair programming
 Test-fist development
5. What is test-first development?
 the tests of the code implementing the feature are writing before the code
6. What are possible problems of test-first development?
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 Programmers may take shortcuts when developing test, so that the system tests are
incomplete
 Some tests can be very difficult to write incrementally
 It difficult to judge the completeness of a set of tests.
7. Briefly describe the advantages of pair programming?
 It supports the idea of collective ownership and responsibility for the system.
 It acts as an informal review process
 It helps support refactoring, which is a process of software improvement
8. What is a scrum sprint?
 is a planning unit in which the work to be done is assessed, features are selected for
development, and the software is implemented.
9. What are the barriers to introducing agile methods into large companies?
 Project managers who do not have experience of agile methods
 Large organizations often have quality procedures and standards that
Chapter Four: Requirements engineering
1. What are user requirements and system requirements?
 User requirements: are statements, in a language that is understandable to a user, of what
services the system should provide and the constraints under which it operate.
 System requirements: are more detailed descriptions of the software system services, and
constraints, written for developers of the system?
2. What is the distinction between functional and non-functional requirements?
 Functional requirements These are statements of services the system should provide, how
the system should react to particular inputs, and how the system should behave in particular
situations.
 Non-functional requirements These are constraints on the services or functions offered by
the system.
3. List 3 types of non-functional requirement?
 product requirements
 Organizational Requirements
 External Requirements
4. What is the software requirements document?
 Sometimes called the software requirements specification or SRS: is an official statement
of what is required of the system developers
5. What is the distinction between the terms ‘Shall’ and ‘Should’ in user requirements
documents, which are written in natural language?
 Shall use for mandatory requirements,
 Should use for desirable requirements
Thus Shall almost always write in natural language
6. What are main advantages of using a standard format to specify requirements?
 All requirements have the same format so are easier to read
 The definition of fields mean the writers are less likely to forget to include information
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 Some automated processing is possible.
7. What are the principle stages of the requirements engineering process?
 Requirement elicitation / discovery.
 Requirement analysis
 Requirement validation
 Requirement management.
8. Give 5 reasons why electing requirements is difficult?
 Stakeholders often don’t know what they want
 Stakeholders user their own language that requirements engineers may not understand
 Stakeholder requirement may conflict
 Political factors may influence the system requirements
 The business environment may change during elicitation
9. What should be included in a scenario?
 A description of what the system and users expects when the scenario starts.
 A description of the normal flow of events
 A description of what can go wrong and how this is handled
 Information about concurrent activities
 A description of the system state when the scenario finishes.
10. What is use-case?
 Are a scenario based techniques in the UML which identify the actors in an interaction and
describe itself
11. What is ethnography and how is it used in requirements elicitation?
 Ethnography is an observational technique where an analyst spends a period of time.
 Ethnographic studies can reveal critical process details that are often missed by
Other requirements elicitation
12. What checks should be applied during requirement validation ?
 Validity checks
 Consistency checks
 Completeness checks
 Realism checks
 Verifiability
13. List 3 requirements validation techniques?
 Requirements reviews
 Prototyping
 Test-case generation
14. What is the requirement management?
 Is the process of managing changing requirements during the requirements engineering
process and system development
15. What are the stages in the requirements change management process?
 Problem analysis and change specification
 Change analysis and costing
 Change implementation

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Chapter Five: System modeling

1. What perspective may be used for system modeling?

 An external perspective
 An interaction perspective
 A structural perspective
 A behavioral perspective
2. What UML diagram types may be used to represent the essential features of a system?
 Activity diagrams
 Use case diagrams
 Sequence diagrams
 Class diagrams
 State diagrams
3. What is described in a context model?
 The immediate external environment of the system defining the system’s context and the
dependencies that the system has on its environment.
4. What is illustrated in a UML sequence diagram?
 Sequence of interactions between actors in system environment and the object in system itself.
 The sequence of interactions describes the implementation of the system feature function
5. How is generalization used to simplify the models of a system with many similar objects?
 Assuming that the similar objects have attributes and methods in common, these common
attributes and methods are associated with super-class which generalizes all of the objects
sharing these attributes/methods.
6. What is the basic assumption that underlies event driven modeling?
 The system has a finite number of states and that event (stimuli) may cause a transition from
one state to another.
7. What are the claimed benefits of model-driven engineering?
 Engineers can work at high level of abstraction without concern of implementation details.
 Errors are reduced and the design and implementation process is speeded up
 By using powerful generation tools.
8. What are the three types of abstract system model that are recommended by the MDA
method?
 A computation independent model (CIM)
 A platform independent model(PIM)
 Platform specific models(PSM)

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