CURRICULUM FOR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

MEDICAL RADIOLOGY
AND IMAGING
TECHNOLOGY

w.e.f. 2021-2022
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Who is an Allied and Healthcare Professional?

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, accepted in its entirety thedefinition of an allied and
healthcare professional based on the fore-mentioned report, though the same has evolved after
multiple consultations and the recommended definition is now asfollows-

‘Allied and healthcare professionals (AHPs) includes individuals involved with the delivery of
health or healthcare related Services, with qualification and competence in therapeutic,
diagnostic, curative, preventive and/or rehabilitative interventions. They work in multidisciplinary
health teams in varied healthcare settings including doctors (physicians and specialist), nurses

Scope and need for allied and healthcare professionals in the Indian
healthcare system
As the Indian government aims for Universal Health Coverage, the lack of skilled human
resource may prove to be the biggest impediment in its path to achieve targeted goals. The
benefits of having AHPs in the healthcare system are still unexplored in India. Although an
enormous amount of evidence suggests that the benefits of AHPs range from improvingaccess
to healthcare services to significant reduction in the cost of care, though the Indian healthcare
system still revolves around the doctor-centric approach. The privatization of healthcare has also
led to an ever-increasing out-of-pocket expenditure by the population. However, many examples
assert the need of skilled allied and healthcare professionals in the system, such as in the case of
stroke survivors, it is the support of AHPs that significantly enhance their rehabilitation and long
term treatment ensures return to normal life. AHPs also play a significant role to care for
patients who struggle mentally and emotionally in the current challenging environment and
require mental health support; and help them return to well-being. Children with
communication difficulties, the elderly, cancer patients, patients with long term conditions such
as diabetes people with vision problems and amputees; the list of people and potential patients
who benefit from AHPs is indefinite.
Thus, the breadth and scope of the allied and healthcare practice varies from one end to another,
including areas of work listed below:

 Across the age span of human development from neonate to old age;
 With patients having complex and challenging problems resulting from systemic
illnesses such as in the case of diabetes, cardiac abnormalities/conditions and elderly
care to name a few;
 Towards health promotion and disease prevention, as well as assessment,
management and evaluation of interventions and protocols for treatment.
 In a broad range of settings from a patient's home to community, primary care
centers, to tertiary care settings; and
 With an understanding of the healthcare issues associated with diverse socio-
economies and cultural norms within the society.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Credit hours vs. traditional system

Recently the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) and the University Grants
Commission (UGC) have highlighted the need for the development of a Choice-Based Credit
System (CBCS), at par with global standards and the adoption of an effective grading system to
measure a learner’s performance. All the major higher education providers across the globe are
operating a system of credits. The European Credit Transfer System (ECTS), the ‘National
Qualifications Framework’ in Australia, the Pan-Canadian Protocol on the Transferability of
University Credits, the Credit Accumulation and Transfer System (CATS) in the UK as well as
the systems operating in the US, Japan, etc. are examples of these. Globally, a need now exists
for the use of a fully convertible credit-based system that can be accepted at other universities. It
has now become imperative to offer flexible curricular choices and provide learners mobility due
to the popularity of initiatives such as ‘twinning programmes’, ‘joint degrees’ and ‘study abroad’
programmes.

In order to ensure global acceptability of the graduates, the current curriculum structure is
divided into smaller sections with focus on hours of studying which can be converted into credit
hours as per the international norms followed by various other countries.

*Scheme of Evaluation& Grading – as per the university Ordinance

Background of the profession

Statement of Philosophy– Why this profession holds so much importance

Medical Radiology and Imaging Technology is the health profession concerned with the direct
administration of radiation, primarily x-rays in disease diagnosis and injury assessment and
treatment. From the humble beginnings of plain film techniques, we are now with a widearray
of imaging methods using Conventional and Digital X-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance
imaging and Radionuclide. Modern diagnostic radiography and Medical Imaging forms an
integral part of medical practice, both in making diagnosis and also in treatment. The term
“diagnostic radiography” is used to describe a variety of radiographic or x-ray examinations.
These simple procedures as well as those which require the use of contrast agents, make it
possible to study organs that otherwise cannot be seen. These professionals are at the heart of
modern medicine.
Diagnostic radiographers employ a range of different imaging techniques and sophisticated
equipment to produce high quality images of an injury or disease. They take the images using
range of techniques including: X-rays, Mammography, Fluoroscopy, CT (computed
tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), Nuclear medicine, Angiography etc. Medical
imaging studies have been a cornerstone in medical diagnosis for decades; however,
technological advances and the addition of new imaging modalities now place medical imaging
among the most dynamic, expanding and high demand fields in clinical medicine.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

About Medical Radiology and Imaging Technology

Radiology is a branch of medicine that uses radiation and imaging technology to diagnose and
treat disease. It allows the radiologic technologist to produce images of various internal parts of
the body to aid in the detection of injury or disease by using radiations. Radiology is central to
the clinical practice of medicine across a wide range of disciplines. It is the best practical way to
diagnose, monitor treatment and detect progression or relapse of many important and common
diseases in a minimally invasive and anatomically precise manner. As a consequence of the
increasing sophistication and accuracy of clinical imaging, the utilization and importance of
radiology has increased dramatically and consistently over the last 20 years. In recent years, the
increasing complexity of radiologic procedures has made Medical Radiology and Imaging
technology a highly specialized and sophisticated science requiring competently trained
personnel to maintain a high degree of accuracy in radiographic positioning and exposure
technique. A qualified Medical Imaging Technologist is skilled in both interventional and
Diagnostic Radiology.

Scope of practice
Diagnostic Radiographers/technologists possess, utilize and maintain knowledge of radiation
protection and safety. Radiographers have an extremely thorough understanding of the structure
of the body, how the body can be affected by injury, and causes and effects of disease when
taking X-ray images. Their work does include a wide range of different imaging modalities.
Radiographers are the primary liaison between patients, radiologist and other members of the
support team. They remain sensitive to needs of the patient through good communication,
patient assessment, patient monitoring and patient care skills. As members of the health care
team, diagnostic radiographer /technologist participate in quality improvement processes and
continually assess their professional performance. They engage in continuing education to
include their area of practice to enhance patient care, public education, knowledge and technical
competence. Diagnostic radiographers use a range of imaging technology:

 X-ray - Penetrate through the body to examine and view internalstructures

 Fluoroscopy uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the internal parts of the
body.
 CT (Computed Tomography) provides cross-sectional views / images of the body using
computer with the help of X-Rays.
 MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - images of the different tissue types within the
body using strong magnet and RF waves.
 Ultrasound – uses high frequency sound waves to produce images of the structure within
the body. It is well known for its use in obstetrics and gynecology. Also used to check
circulation and examine the heart.
 Angiography – radiological study which is used to investigate blood vessels.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

 Mammography-Imaging of the soft tissue breast.

 DEXA—Bone Densitometry.

Recognition of Title and qualification

The practice of medical radiography is performed by health care professionals responsible for the
administration of ionizing radiation for diagnostic purposes. In addition to medical radiology and imaging
technologists, they are also known as Diagnostic Radiographers/ Imaging Technologist/ Radio-Diagnosis
Technologist.
The recommended title thus stands as the Medical Radiology and Imaging
Technologists for this group of professionals.
A medical radiology and imaging technologist performs radiographic procedures at the request
of practitioner. They form an indispensable part of the medical team.
It is a known fact that with the career advancement, the nomenclature will also vary and will
also depend on the sector and profile of the professional. Considering the 10 NSQF levels
designed by the NSDA, the following level progression table has been proposed by the
taskforce to map the nomenclature, career pathways and progression in different sectors of
professional practice for medical radiology and imaging technologist. The proposed
progression is for further discussion and deliberation, the implementation time of the
same may vary depending on the current system and regulations in place.
The table 2 below indicates the various channels of career progression in three distinct sectors
such as clinical setting, academic and industry (management/sales or technical) route. It is
envisaged that the radiology and imaging technologist will have two entry pathways – students
with diploma or baccalaureate. The level of responsibility will increase as the career progresses
and will starts with level four (4) for diploma holders and level five (5) for baccalaureate
holders. The table also indicates the corresponding level of qualification with experience
required by the professional to fulfill the requirements of each level. Considering the degree of
patient dealing, the government aims to phase out the Diploma and PG Diploma level courses
and promote Bachelor and Master Degree courses. In the academic front, as per UGC
guidelines, to work at the position of a Lecturer/Assistant Professor, the candidate must attain
a Master’s degree. At present as there are limited master degree seats in medical radiology and
imaging technology thus it has been decided that eventually provisions will be made to provide
bridge courses for PG Diploma holder for certain number of years to bring them at par with
the master’s level courses and universities will be promoted to start master degree courses. The
table also indicates that career progression is up to the level 10, however it needs to be stated
that the ultimate signatory authority on patient prescription stands with the physician/doctor
(radiologist) on role in terms of the clinical interpretation, the director of the unit (clinical route)
will be the ultimate authority for the management responsibilities, the final authority for the
clinical decisions will be with the radiologist. However, the technologist may sign the computer
generated report considering the fact that there is no interpretation of the report needed at that
point.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Table 2 Nomenclature based on career progression for medical radiology

and imaging technologist (Proposed)
Levels Nomenclature in various sectors Qualification and
Clinical Academic Industry/ experience
Management
Level 4 Junior Medical - Technical Diploma in Medical Radiology
Radiology and Associate and Imaging Technology,
Imaging (DMRIT)
Technologist
(Jr.MRIT)(Grade-A
to Grade-B to Grade-
C promotion every 4
Years)
Level 5 Medical Radiology - Medical BSc.inMedical Radiology&
and Imaging Radiology and Imaging Technology (BSc.
Technologist (MRIT) Imaging MRIT)
Technologist
Level 6 Senior Medical Tutor/ Senior Medical BSc. MRIT with 4 Years of
Radiology and Demonstrator Radiology and experience at Level 5 /
Imaging Imaging BSc.MRIT with MSc in
Technologist (Sr. Technologist Medical Radiology &
Imaging Technology (MSc.
MRIT) MRIT) for academic.
(Grade-A to Grade-B
to Grade-C
promotion every 4
Years for BSc. MRIT
only )
Level 7 MRIT Technical Assistant MRIT Technical 4 years of experience at
Officer (MRIT TO) Professor (PG Officer level 6 with MSc. MRIT or
only) preferably PhD with MSc.
MRIT for academic.
Level 8 MRIT Senior Associate MRIT Senior 4 years of experience at
Technical Officer Professor Technical level 7 with MSc. MRIT or
(MRIT STO) Officer PhD in the specialty with
MSc. MRIT
with 4 years’ experience at
level 5/6 /7 for academic
Level 9 MRIT Chief Additional Additional 4 years of experience at
Technical Officer Professor Director MRIT level 8 with MSc. MRIT or
(MRIT CTO) PhD in the specialty with
MSc. MRIT with 4 years of
experience at level 8 for
academic
Level 10 Chief Manager/ MRIT Professor Director – MRIT 4 years of experience at level 9
Head/ Director /Principal with MSc. MRIT and PhD in
the specialty

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Definition of Medical Radiology and Imaging Technology professionals

A radiographer or medical imaging technologist is a trained health professional who

Performs medical imaging by producing high quality X-ray pictures or images used to
diagnose and treat injury or disease.
It is an important part of medicine and a patient’s diagnosis and treatment is often dependent on
the X-ray images produced. They are responsible for producing high quality medical images
that assist medical specialists and doctors to diagnose or monitor a patient's injury or illness
treatment. They operate extremely technologically advanced equipment such as CT (computed
tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) DSA, DEXA, mammography, CR, DR,
fluoroscopy and digital mobile X-ray machines. Their roles are diverse and challenging, as
radiographers are often trained in several specialist areas such as trauma radiography, mobile
radiography, CT, MRI, Fluoroscopy, angiography, intervention and operation theatre,
mammography, DEXA etc.

Education of these professionals

When developing any education program it is necessary that program planning should be
outcome-based, meeting local and national manpower requirements, personal satisfaction and
career potential for the professionals with supporting pathway in the development of the
profession. One of the major changes is the shift from a focus based on traditional theoretical
knowledge and skills to competency based education and training. Optimal education/training
requires that the student is able to integrate knowledge, skills and attitude in order to be able to
perform a professional act adequately in a givensituation.
Thus the following curriculum aims to focus on skills and a competency based approach for
learning and is designed accordingly. The curriculum is prescriptive and is designed with an
aim to standardize the content across the nation.

Entry requirements
 Candidate should have passed 10 + 2 with science.
 Minimum percentage of marks: 50% aggregate and 55%in PCB.
 Separate entrance exam should be incorporated for these student who wants to purse
allied and healthcare course,
OR
 Direct entry for the student who has appeared and cleared national level entrance exam
,on basis of ranks and limited seats would be offered to such students.

Course duration

It is recommended that any program developed from this curriculum should have a minimum
of the following duration to qualify as an entry level professional in Medical Radiology and
Imaging Technology.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

 2.5 year program (including 6 months of clinical training/internship)- Diploma level

 3.5 year program (including 6 months of clinical training/internship)-
Bachelor’s degree level
 2 year program – Master’s level

The emphasis during the initial year should be on the academic content establishing a strong
scientific basis and engagement with the course principles. During the second and third years of
training, emphasis should be laid on process to refine the acquired theoretical knowledge and its
application to clinical/reflective practice. In Bachelor degree program minimum one year
should be devoted to clinical practice and this should be on a continuum of rotation from theory
to practice over the program. The aim of the 4 year degree program is to enable the
development of the medical radiology and imaging technologist as a key member of the
multidisciplinary team and to enable him/her to execute advanced preparation/
planning/delivery as well as qualityassurance.

With the change in the disease dynamics and multifold increase in the cases needing diagnostic
medical imaging and evaluation, it is imperative that a well-structured programme of
postgraduate education is also encouraged so as to enhance research capacity within the country
to widen the scope of clinical practice for the profession. Thus, a master’s degree programme
is recommended with minimum of two years of education in specialized field of medical
radiology and imaging technology. The post graduate students can contribute significantly in
research and academics.
PhD also play a significant role in the academic system, however the curriculum has not
indicated any prescriptive guidelines for that level apart from mapping it on the career and
qualification map.

Teaching faculty and infrastructure

One of the important recommendation of the task force members was that the all the NIAHS
and RIAHS should mandatorily beassociated withthestatemedicalcolleges whereby they can
make use of the available patient load and medical infrastructure as a part of their training
curriculum. For the institutes to be capable of providing high quality training to the student and
exposure to all the related modalities, it should have the following:

 Conventional X-ray Unit for routine X-ray and IVU

 Mobile X-ray unit
 Fluoroscopic unit
 Ultrasonography, Color Doppler Equipment
 Multi-slice C.T. Scan,
 Mammography
 MRI (preferably)
 DSA(preferably)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

The teaching faculty for the department should have a minimum of

 1 Professor
 1 Additional prof.
 1 Assoc. Professor/ reader
 4 Asst. Professorforlecturesindifferentsubjects, includingmedicalphysics,
biomedical engineering
 8 demonstrators
 16 MRIT’s

Method of teaching and learning-

 Lecture
 Tutorial
 Problem based learning
 Small group teaching and learning
 Continuous interactive learning
 Case-based
 Project based
 Research project- Research was considered by the group to be very important in order to
keep pace with other professions and to generate a research background for our own
profession.
 Seminars
 Clinical conferences
 E-learning
 Skills laboratory

Job availability-

Diagnostic radiography is a fast-moving and continually changing profession, and long-term

career prospects include: management, research, clinical work, teaching etc.
Employment opportunities available in a variety of settings in both rural and urban areas include:
 More generalized practice in medium to small hospitals.
 Specialized clinical practice in large academic medical hospitals and trauma centers.
 Clinics and free-standing imaging centers which may offer both special and general
practice opportunities or
 Clinical practice coupled with expanded responsibilities in quality control, education, data
management and supervision, particularly in large hospitals.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Thedemand forqualified radio-imaging technologist isonthe rise and such jobs come with well-
paid salary packages. The job profile may vary according to the modality and scope of practice.
The program aims to train human resources with requisite skills in the area of medical radiology&
imaging technology who can be hired in all kinds of healthcare settings including:
 Hospitals
 Diagnostic and Medical Labs
 Medical Records and Transcription organizations
 Clinical and Medical Research organizations
 Pharma and Bio-Tech companies
 Medical equipment and device companies
Diagnostic radiographers provide a service for most departments within the hospital including, accident
and emergency, outpatients, operating theatres and wards. Close liaison and collaboration with a wide
range of other health care professionals is therefore vital. After completion of this curriculum, a Medical
Radiology & Imaging Technologist gets opportunities to work at various health care institutes under
designations as:

 Radiographer
 Radiological Technologist
 X-ray Technologist
 CT scan Technologist
 MRI Technologist
 Mammography Technologist
 Cathlab Technologist
 Ultrasonography Technologist
 Applications Specialist
 Radiological Safety Officer
 Interventional Technologist
 Quality control Technologist
 PACS manager
 Sales and marketing of radiology industry
 Diagnostic Manager, etc.
 Other Administrative posts in Medical Imaging department & hospital.
 Teaching & research faculty in Medical colleges
 Research Scientists in Medical imaging industry

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

BSc. in Medical Radiology and Imaging Technology

Introduction:

Learning Objectives:
The Aim of B.Sc. in Medical Radiology and Imaging Technology program is to provide
highest and Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) accredited educational process
throughformal didactic and state-of-the-art clinical experiencesthatwill renderqualified,
patient focused, compassionate, critical thinkers Medical Radiology and Imaging
Technologist for the community whoare engagedinlifelong learning. The graduates ofthe
program are prepared to apply for the Level I Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) as per AERB
norms.
The objectives of the program are to:
1. Provide the profession and community with trained qualifiedtechnologist
2. Provide education a comprehensive program that promotes problem solving, critical
thinking and communication skills in the clinical environment
3. Students will demonstrate quality patient care skills including professionalism and Ethical behaviors
as specified in the code of ethics
4. Graduate students with specific skills necessary to be competent entry level
Expectation from the future graduate in the providing patient care.
1. Should be able to undertake Mammography, CT scan and MRI procedures independently.
2. Assist in specialized radiological procedures.
3. Able to do the image processing.
4. Should be able to handle all radiological and imaging equipment independently.
5. Should ensure radiation protection and quality assurance
6. Undertake care and maintenance of all radiological and imaging equipment
7. Able to evaluate images for technical quality
8. Able to identify and manage emergencysituations.
9. Abletoreceiveanddocumentverbal, writtenandelectronicordersinthepatient’s
medical record.
10. Should have computer skills.
11. Should be able to provide empathetic professional patient care.
12. Able to demonstrate professional growth, sense of professionalism and desire to learn
13. Able to demonstrate the core values of caring, integrity and discovery.
14. To exhibit keen interest, initiative & drive in the overall development of the
Department and ‘Leadership Qualities’ for others to follow.
15. He / She is expected to be confident and to perform all the duties diligently with utmost
sincerity and honesty.
16. Any other duty/task/work assigned by any higher authority like Director, Dean,
Medical Superintendent, Head of the Department from time to time; either in “Public
Interest” or in the interest of upkeep / development of the Department / Institutions.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Eligibility for admission:

Selection procedure:
1. He/shehaspassedthe Higher Secondary(10+2) orequivalentexaminationrecognized
by any Indian University or a duly constituted Board with pass marks in Physics,
Chemistry, Biology
OR
Diploma in Medical Radiology and Imaging Technology after completing 12th class/ 10
+2 of CBSE or equivalent with minimum aggregate of 50% marks in physics
chemistry and biology provided the candidate has passed in each subject
separately.
2. Candidateswhohavestudiedabroadandhavepassedtheequivalentqualificationas
determined by the Association of Indian Universities will form the guideline to
determinethe eligibility and must have passedinthe subjects: Physics, Chemistry,
Biology and English up to 12th Standardlevel.
3. Candidateswhohavepassedthe Senior Secondaryschool Examinationof National Open
School with a minimum of 5 subjects with any of the following group subjects.
a. English, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Zoology
b. English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and any other language
4. He/she has attained the age of 17 years as on - (current year) & maximum age limit is 30 years.
5. He/she has to furnish at the time of submission of application form, a certificate of Physical fitness
from a registered medical practitioner and two references from persons other than relatives testifying to
satisfactory general character.
6. Admissionto B.Sc. Medical Radiologyand Imaging Technologycourseshallbemade
on the basis of eligibility and an entrance test to be conducted for the purpose. No
candidate will be admitted on any ground unless he/she has appeared in the
admission test and interview.
a. Entrance test, to be conducted by the university as per the syllabus under 10 +2
scheme of CBSE, subject-wise distribution of questions will be as 30% in
Physics, 30% in biology, 30% in Chemistry, 5% in English (Language &
Comprehension) and 5% in General Awareness about health related methods.
b. Successful candidatesonthebasisofwritten Testwill becalledfortheinterview
& shall have face an interview board. The interview board will include the
Head of the Department of medical imaging (Chairman of the Board) along
with the Principal / chief faculty as well as Chief of MRIT apart from other
nominees, whose recommendations shall be final for the selection of the
students..
c. During subsequent counseling (s) the seat will be allotted as per the merit
of the candidate depending on the availability of seats on that particular
day.
d. Candidatewhofailstoattendthe Medical Examinationonthe notifieddate(s)
will forfeit the claim for admission and placement in the waiting list

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

e. Except permitted by the competent authority under special circumstances.

f. The name of the student(s) who remain(s) absent from classes for more than 15
days at a stretch after joining the said course will be struck off from the
college rolls without giving any notice.

Provision of Lateral Entry:

Lateral entry to second year for allied and healthcare science courses for candidates who have
passed diploma program from the Government Boards and recognized by State/Central
University, fulfillingthe conditionsspecifiedandthesestudentsareeligibletotakeadmission
on lateral entry system only if the same subject have been studied at diploma level.
There may be need of deliberation on the inclusion of a few bridging courses are advisable for those having
less qualified subjects.
Duration of the course
Duration of the course: 3.5 Years ((including 6 months of clinical training/internship)

Medium of instruction:
English shall be the medium of instruction for all the subjects of study and for examination of the course.

Scheme of Examination:
There shall be Three Examination one each at the end of 1st, 2nd & 3rd year.

Subjects Having Maximum Marks-75

Type of question No. of Questions Mark for Each Questions

Short Answers 2*10 (20) 2

Short Essay 6*5 (25) (1 optional) 5

Long Essay 3*15 (30) (1 optional) 15

Attendance:
A candidate has to secure minimum 80% attendance in overall with at least-
1. 75% attendance in theoretical
2. 80% in Skills training (practical) for qualifying to appear for the final examination.

No relaxation, whatsoever, will be permissible to this rule under any ground including indisposition etc.
Assessment:
Assessments should be completed by the academic staff, based on the compilation of the
student’s theoretical &clinical performance throughout the training programme. To achieve
this, all assessment forms and feedback shouldbe included and evaluated. Student must attain
atleast 50% marksineach Theory, Internal assessment and Practicalindependently/
separately for each individual subject.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Internal Assessment (IA): Theory-25 marks Practical-25 marks*.

There shall be a minimum of two periodical tests preferably one in each term in theory and
practical of each subject in an academic year. The average marks of the two/three tests will be
calculated and reduced to 20. The marks of IA shall be communicated to the University at least
15 days before the commencement of the University examination. The University shall have
access to the records of such periodical tests.
If a candidate is absent for any one of the tests due to genuine and satisfactory reasons, such a
candidate may be given a re-test within a fortnight.

IA Marks Distribution:

S.NO. ASSESMENT MARKS

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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 NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Table- I Distribution of IA &UE marks and Teaching Hours/Credits in First Year Subjects (w.e.f 2021-
2022)

Sl. No Course code Main Subjects Theory Practical Hours Total Hours Exam
Hours (Tutorial & (Theory & Credits IA* UE* Duration
Demonstration) Practical) Marks Marks (IA/UE)
1 BMRIT 101 Human Anatomy 100 50 150 4 25 75 3 hours
2 BMRIT 102 Human Physiology 100 50 150 4 25 75 3 hours
3 Fundamental of 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 103 Medical Imaging & 90 60 150 4
Radiotherapy
4 Basics Radiation 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 104 Physics 90 60 150 4
5 Practical(Basic 0 150 150 4 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 105 Radiation Physics)
6 English 30 0 30 1 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 106
7 BMRIT 107 Computer 30 0 30 1 25 75 3 hours
*Clinical posting 200 200

Total Hours-1010
*Clinical Posting-Not Included in University Examination
*IA-Internal Assessment
*UE- University Examination

Table-II Distribution of Teaching Hours in Second Year Subjects (w.e.f 2021-2022)

Sl. Course code Main Subjects Theory Practical Hours Total Credits Exam
No Hours (Tutorial & Hours IA* UE* Duration
Demonstration) Marks Marks (IA/UE)
1 BMRIT 201 Clinical 100 60 160 4 25 75 3 hours
Radiography
2 BMRIT 202 Patient care & 25 75 3 hours
Radiation 100 50 150 4
Protection
3 Equipment of 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 203 Radiotherapy 100 50 150 4
4 Special 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 204 Radiographic 100 60 160 4
Technique &
Procedures
5 x-ray film/image 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 205 processing 100 50 150 4
techniques
including
dark room
6 BMRIT 206 Practical(Clinical 0 0 100 4 25 75 3 hours
Radiography )

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 NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

*Clinical posting 200 200

Total Hours-1070
*Clinical posting-Not Included in University Examination

Table -III Distribution of Teaching Hours in Third Year Subjects (w.e.f 2021-2022)

Sl. NoCourse code Main Subjects Theory Practical Total Credits Exam
Hours Hours(Tutorial & Hours IA* UE* Duration
Demonstration) Marks Marks (IA/UE)
Radiotherapy 100 50 150 4 25 75 3 hours
1 BMRIT 301 Planning and Quality
Control
Modern imaging 100 80 180 4 25 75 3 hours
2 BMRIT 302 techniques and recent
trends in imaging
Interventional Radiology 100 80 180 4 25 75 3 hours
, radiobiology and
3 BMRIT 303 radiation safety in radio
diagnosis
imaging
100 50 150 4 25 75 3 hours
Radiotherapy & Brachy-
therapy Techniques in
4 BMRIT 304 Malignant and Non-
Malignant
Diseases
Orientation in Para- 100 20 120 4 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 305 Clinical Sciences
,Clinical Sciences
5 &Community Healthcare
Practical (Main 0 0 100 4 25 75 3 hours
BMRIT 306 subject)
6
*Clinical Posting 200 200

Total Hours-1080
*Clinical posting-Not Included in University Examination

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

INTERNSHIP – minimum 6 Months

Students have to undertake the rotational postings during which students have to work under
Supervision of an experienced staff in the following areas:

Postings Duration:

1 Conventional radiography 1months

2 Radiographic special procedures including diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventional 2months
3 CR, DR and PACS 2 month
4 Nuclear Medicine 1 month
5 Ultrasonography 1 month
6 Doppler Imaging 1 month
7 Computed Tomography 2 months
8 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2 months

Schedule of Examination:
The university shall conduct two internal examinations & annual University Examination at an interval of
not less than 4 to 6 months as notified by the university from time to time. A candidate who satisfies the
requirement of attendance, progress and conduct as stipulated by the university shall be eligible to appear
for the university examination. Certificate to that effect shall be produced from the Dean of the School
along with the application for Examination and the prescribed fee.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

SYLLABUS FOR
B.SC.MEDICAL RADIOLOGY
IMAGING AND
TECHNOLOGY

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

1ST YEAR SYLLABUS

COURSE CODE: BMRIT101

COURSE NAME: HUMAN ANATOMY
COURSE CREDIT HOURS: 4
TOTAL CONTACT HOUR: 150 HOUR (THEORY:100 HOURS
PRACTICAL:50HOURS )

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this course the students will demonstrate the anatomy of the human body regarding upper
limb, lower limb, thorax, abdomen, and head & neck. Also, students will demonstrate the ability to gain
practical skills enabling them to recognize and differentiate bones, muscles, vessels, nerves and viscera
of the body. The student can gain skill in reading and understanding radiological images of the body
and identify through palpation the anatomical landmarks on the surface of the body.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: It is designed to provide students with the working knowledge of

the structure of the human body which is an essential foundation for their clinical studies.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT 1
Introduction: human body as a whole –
Theory:
Definition of anatomy and its divisions Terms of location, positions and planes
Cell & its organelles and their functions
Epithelium-definition, classification, describe with examples, function
Glands- classification, describe serous & mucous glands with examples
Basic tissues - classification with examples
Practical:
Histology of types of epithelium
Histology of serous, mucous & mixed salivary gland

UNIT 2
Locomotion and support
Theory
Cartilage - types with example & histology
Bone - Classification, names of bone cells, parts of long bone, names of all bones, vertebral column,
fontanels of fetal skull Joints - Classification of joints with examples, synovial joint (in detail for
radiology) Muscular system: Classification of muscular tissue & histology
Names of muscles of the body
Practical:
Histology of the 3 types of cartilage
Demo of all bones showing parts, radiographs of normal bones & joints

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 3
Cardiovascular system
Theory:
Heart-size, location, chambers, exterior & interior
Blood supply of heart
Systemic & pulmonary circulation
Branches of aorta, common carotid artery, subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, superficial
palmar arch, femoral artery, internal iliac artery
Peripheral pulse
Inferior vena cava, portal vein, portosystemic anastomosis, Great saphenous vein, Dural venous sinuses
Lymphatic system- Histology of lymphatic tissues, Names of regional lymphatics, axillary and inguinal
lymph nodes in brief
Practical:
Demonstration of heart and vessels in the body
Histology of large artery, medium sized artery & vein, large vein
Microscopic appearance of large artery, medium sized artery & vein, large vein pericardium
Histology of lymph node, spleen, tonsil & thymus Normal chest radiograph showing heart shadows
Normal angiograms

UNIT 4
Gastro-intestinal system
Theory:
Parts of GIT, Oral cavity (lip, tongue (with histology), tonsil, dentition, pharynx, salivary glands,
Waldeyer's ring) Oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Radiographs of abdomen
Unit 5 - Respiratory system
Parts of RS, nose, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchopulmonary segments
Histology of trachea, lung and pleura
Names of paranasal air sinuses
Practical:
Demonstration of parts of the respiratory system.
Normal radiographs of chest
Histology of lung and trachea

UNIT 6
Peritoneum
Theory:
Description in brief
Practical:
Demonstration of reflections

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 7
Urinary system
Theory
Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, male and female urethra
Histology of kidney, ureter and urinary bladder
Practical:
Demonstration of parts of urinary system Histology of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder Radiographs of
abdomen-lVP, retrograde cryptogram

UNIT 8
Reproductive system
Theory:
Parts of male reproductive system, testis, vas deferens, epididymis, prostate (gross & histology)
Parts of female reproductive system, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovary (gross & histology) Mammary gland
- gross,
Practical:
Demonstration of section of male and female pelvis with organs in situ Histology of testis, vas
deferens, epididymis, prostate, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovary Radiograph.

UNIT 9
Endocrine glands
Theory:
Names of all endocrine glands in detail on pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, suprarenal
gland - (gross & histology)
Practical:
Demonstration of the glands
Histology of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal glands

UNIT 10
Nervous system
Theory:
Neuron
Classification of NS
Cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord with spinal nerve (gross &
histology) Meninges, Ventricles & cerebrospinal fluid
Practical:
Histology of peripheral nerve & optic nerve Demonstration of all plexuses and nerves in the body
Demonstration of all part of brain
Histology of cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal

UNIT 11
Sensory organs
Theory:
Skin: Skin-histology Appendages of skin

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Eye: Parts of eye & lacrimal apparatus

Ear: parts of ear- external. middle and inner ear and contents
Practical:
Histology of thin and thick skin Demonstration and histology of eyeball Histology of cornea & retina

UNIT 12
Embryology
Spermatogenesis & oogenesis, Ovulation, fertilization Fetal circulation Placenta

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

● CLO 1 – Students can demonstrate the location, position and planes. Explain the anatomy,
physiology and functions of various Tissues and cell, organization of cellular system. . They will be
able to demonstrate epithelial and glands.
● CLO 2 - Classify different types of tissue and explain anatomy and physiology of skeletal system,
joints and muscular system. Demonstrate the bones of all parts.
● CLO 3 - Describe how the heart is positioned in the thoracic cavity. List and describe the layers of
the heart wall. Name the chambers of the heart and their valves. Name the major vessels that enter
and exit the heart and their branches. Describe blood flow through the heart. Explain how the
conduction system of the heart controls proper blood flow.
● CLO 4- Identify the organs of the alimentary canal from proximal to distal, and briefly state their
function. Identify the accessory digestive organs and briefly state their function. Describe the four
fundamental tissue layers of the alimentary canal.
● CLO 5 - Outline the forces that allow for air movement into and out of the lungs. Outline the
process of gas exchange. Summarize the process of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport within the
respiratory system. Create a flow chart illustrating how respiration is controlled.
● CLO 6 – The nine regions of abdomen. Explain peritoneum, its layers, peritoneal cavity, blood
supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, venous drainage and functions of peritoneum.
● CLO 7 - Describe different parts of the urinary system, their further subdivisions, dimensions,
weight, size, shape, location, relations, functions, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage,
venous drainage and applied anatomy.
● CLO 8 – Describe different parts of male and female reproductive system, their further
subdivisions, dimensions, weight, size, shape, location, relations, functions, blood supply, nerve
supply, lymphatic drainage, venous drainage and applied anatomy.
● CLO 9 - Describe different endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and suprarenal gland),
their further subdivisions, dimensions, weight, size, shape, location, relations, functions, blood
supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, venous drainage and applied anatomy.
● CLO 10 - Identify the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system. Relate the
functional and structural differences between gray matter and white matter structures of the nervous
system to the structure of neurons. List the basic functions of the nervous system.
● CLO 11 - Describe different sensory organs (skin, eye and ear), their further subdivisions,
dimensions, weight, size, shape, location, relations, functions, blood supply, nerve supply,
lymphatic drainage, venous drainage and applied anatomy.
● CLO 12 - Describe spermatogenesis, oogenesis, ovulation and fertilization. Explain fetal
circulation. Describe placenta and its functions

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

TEXT BOOKS:

● HumanAnatomy by BD Chaurasia (4 Volume)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

Gray's Anatomy by Richard Drake & A. Wayne Vogl & Adam W. M. Mitchell

WEB LINKS:
1. YouTube channel by Dr. Peter de Souza and Dr. Jack Hurley, U.K. Medical doctors.
2. https://guides.lib.uw.edu
3. www.linkedin.com ›slideshare

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT -102

COURSE NAME: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
COURSE CREDIT HOURS: 4
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS: 150(THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 50
HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To provide in-depth instruction in the organization, structures, and functions of the human body.
Students will learn the terminology of physiology of each body system and how they interrelate to
maintain homeostasis..

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The student will demonstrate a thorough understanding of the normal physiology of each organ
system of the body.

COURSE CONTENT:
UNIT1.
General Physiology: Cell: morphology, Structure and function of cell organelles Structure of cell
membrane Transport across cell membrane Intercellular communication Homeostasis

UNIT2.
Blood: Introduction-composition & function of blood W.B.C., R.B.C, Platelets formation & functions,
Immunity Plasma: composition, formation & functions, Plasma Proteins:-types & functions Blood
Groups- types, significance, determination Hemoglobin Haemostasis Lymph-composition, formation,
circulation & functions.

UNIT3.
Cardiovascular system: Conducting system-components, impulse conduction Heart valves Cardiac
cycle- definition, phases of cardiac cycle Cardiac output- definition, normal value, determinants. Stroke
volume and its regulation Heart rate and its regulation: Arterial pulse, Blood pressure-definition,
normal values, factors affecting blood pressure Shock-definition, classification, causes and features
Basic idea of ECG Cardiovascular changes during exercise.

UNIT4.
Respiratory System: Mechanics of respiration Lung volumes and capacities Pulmonary circulation,
transport of respiratory gases Factors affecting respiration Regulation of respiration-neural regulation,
voluntary control and chemical regulation Hypoxia, Hypercapnia, Hypocapnia Artificial respiration
Disorders of respiration- dyspnoea, orthopnoea, hyperpnoea, hyperventilation, apnoea, tachypnoea
Respiratory changes during exercise.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 5.
Nerve Muscle Physiology: Muscles- classification, structure, properties, Excitation contraction
coupling Motor unit, EMG, factors affecting muscle tension, Muscle tone, fatigue, exercise Nerve
–structure and function of neurons, classification, properties Resting membrane potential & Action
potential their ionic basis All or None phenomenon Neuromuscular transmission Ionic basis of nerve
conduction Concept of nerve injury & Wallerian degeneration Synapses Electrical events in
postsynaptic neurons Inhibition & facilitation at synapses Chemical transmission of synaptic activity
Principal neurotransmitters. 6. Nervous system: Introduction, central and peripheral nervous system,
functions of nervous system.

UNIT 6.
Reflexes- monosynaptic, polysynaptic, superficial, deep & withdrawal reflex Sense organ, receptors,
electrical & chemical events in receptors Sensory pathways for touch, temperature, pain,
proprioception & others Control of tone & posture: Integration at spinal, brain stem, cerebellar, basal
ganglion levels, along with their functions Motor mechanism: motor cortex, motor pathway: the
descending tracts-pyramidal & extra pyramidal tracts-origin, course, termination & functions. Upper
motor neuron and lower motor neuron paralysis. Spinal cord lesions- complete transection & hemi
section of the spinal cord Autonomic nervous system :features and actions of parasympathetic &
sympathetic nervous system Hypothalamus Higher functions of nervous system Special senses- eye,
ear, nose, mouth + - + Water excretion, concentration of urine-regulation of Na , Cl , K excretion

UNIT 7.
Renal System: Physiology of kidney and urine formation Glomerular filtration rate, clearance, Tubular
function .

UNIT 8.
Digestive System: Digestion & absorption of nutrients, Gastrointestinal secretions & their regulation
Functions of Liver & Stomach.

UNIT 9.
Endocrinology Physiology of the endocrine glands – Pituitary, Pineal Body, Thyroid, Parathyroid,
Adrenal, Gonads, Thymus, Pancreas. Hormones secreted by these glands, their classifications and
functions.

UNIT 10.
Male & female reproductive system Male - Functions of testes, pubertal changes in males, testosterone
- action & regulations of secretion. Female - Functions of ovaries and uterus, pubertal changes,
menstrual cycle, estrogens and progesterone - action and regulation.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course students will be able to...

● CLO1: Describe the structure and function of cellular organelles. (UNIT 1)
● CLO2: Describe the functions of blood.
Classify the different types of blood cells
(UNIT 2)
● CLO3: Name the chambers of the heart and their valves.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Name the major vessels that enter and exit the heart.
Describe blood flow through the heart.
Describe the stages of a cardiac cycle (UNIT 3)
● CLO4: Explain the function of the respiratorysystem.
Name the organs of the system.
Define the parts of the internal nose and their functions (UNIT 4)
● CLO5: Name the functions of the skeletal system.
Describe and compare the basic differences between the anatomy of skeletal, smooth and cardiac
muscles
List the structural and functional classification ofneurons.
Explain how a neuron transmits a nerveimpulse(UNIT 5)
● CLO6: Describe the structure of the spinal cord.
Name and number the spinal nerves. (UNIT 6)
● CLO7: Define the following internal parts of the kidneys: cortex, medulla, medullary pyramids,
renal papillae, renal columns and major and minor calyces.
Name the parts of a nephron and describe the flow of urine through this renal tubule.
List the functions of the nephrons.(UNIT 7)
● CLO8: Explain the major digestive enzymes and how they function.
Explain the functions of the liver (UNIT 8)
● CLO9: List the functions of hormones.
Describe how the hypothalamus of the brain controls the endocrine system.
Name the endocrine glands and state where they are located.
List the major hormones and their effects on the body (UNIT 9)
● CLO10: Name the internal parts of a testis.
Explain the effects of testosterone on the male body.
Describe the phases of the menstrual cycle.
(UNIT10)

PRACTICALS
● Examination of pulse, B.P., Respiratoryrate.
● Reflexes
● Spirometer to measure various lung capacities & volumes, Respiratory rate, Tidal volume, IRV, IC,
ERV, EC, residual volume on Spirometer.
● Estimate of Haemoglobin, R.B.C., W.B.C., TLC, DLC, ESR count. E Blood indices, Blood
grouping, Bleeding & Clotting time

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses

2. Surface and Radiological Anatomy – Hamilton et al (Heffer)
3. Essentials Of Medical Physiology: by K Sembulingam
4. Textbook of Physiology- AK Jain

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. Essentials of Human Anatomy – Russel

2. An Atlas of normal radiographic Anatomy – Ross and Wilson

WEB LINKS:

● https://www.physoc.org/
● http://aups.org.au/
● https://www.hapsweb.org/default.aspx

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 103

COURSE NAME: FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND
RADIOTHERAPY
COURSE CREDIT HOURS: 04
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS:150 (THEORY:90 HOURS, PRACTICAL:60
HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

● To introduce students with various instruments, equipment’s and high tech machineries used in
radiology.
● To teach them principles and physics behind various types of radiologicaltests
● To teach and demonstrate different radiological tests.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

● Beginning with the fundamentals of tomographic reconstruction, this presentation is followed byone-
hour discussions of the medical imaging modalities of X-ray, CT, single-photon emission computed
tomography (SPECT), positron emission mammography (PET), and nuclear magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI),
● The class begins with a brief overview of the various technologies used to obtain medical images.
● Basic principles of commonly used techniques instrument design, performance criteria, and clinical
applications.
● Advantages and disadvantages of commonly used techniques

COURSE CONTENT:
UNIT1.
C.R -principle, equipment & imaging.

UNIT2.
DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY - principle, equipment & imaging.

UNIT3.
MAMMOGRAPHY- basic principle, equipment & image acquisition.

UNIT4.
CT - Basic physics –Tomography principle - basics of plain studies, contrast studies, Special
procedures.

UNIT5.
MRI - basic principle – imaging methods - slice section- plain & contrast studies – image contrast –

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

factors affecting image quality.

UNIT6.
USG -Basic acoustics - ultrasound terminologies – Interaction of US with matter –
Ultrasound display modes etc.

UNIT7:
FLUOROSCOPY: Fluorescence and phosphorescence - description, fluorescent materials used in
fluoroscopic screens, construction of fluoroscopic screen and related accessories, tilting table, dark
adaptation. Image intensifier - Construction and working, advantages over fluoroscopic device,
principles and methods of visualizing intensified image, basic principles of closed circuit television
camera and picture tube. Vidicon camera, CCD. Automatic brightness control, automatic exposure
control, chamber selection during fluoroscopy. Serial radiography: Manual cassette changer, rapid
automatic film changer, basic principles of cine fluoroscopy and angiography use of grid controlled x-
ray tube.

UNIT8.

DEXA: Introduction, basic principle T-SCORE, Z- SCORE etc.

UNIT9.
Basic Radiation Therapy Physics:
Historical developments in Radiotherapy, Physical components of telecobalt Unit/ Linear Accelerator
Unit/ Remote after loading Brachytherapy Unit, / Gamma Knife Unit / Simulator and their
descriptions. Various types of sources used in Radiotherapy and their properties, Physics of Photons,
electrons, protons and neutrons in radiotherapy, Physical parameters of dosimetry such as percentage
depth dose, Tissue-Air Ratio, Tissue maximum Ratio, Physics of Bolus and phantom materials,
Compensators, Wedges, Shielding Blocks, Patient immobilization devices, Port film, processing and
development, Special techniques in Radiotherapy such as SRS, SRT, IMRT, IGRT and Tomotherapy.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

● At the completion of this course, the student should be –

● CLO1: Basics of principles of computed radiography techniques. (UNIT1)
● CLO2: Explain the basics principle of digital radiography (UNIT2)
● CLO3: Explain the basics principle of mammography (UNIT3)
● CLO4: She/he to assist the use of X-ray, CT scan, angiography, fluoroscopy, ultrasound and MRI
to produce images of organs and body parts. (UNIT4, UNIT5 and UNIT6)
● CLO5: Demonstrate the fluoroscopy techniques.(UNIT 7)
● CLO6: Explain basic principle and working mechanism of DEXA scan. (UNIT 8)
● CLO7: Describe immobilization devices, gamma knife unit, and simulator. (UNIT 9)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

PRACTICAL

Study with charts, models & power point presentations

● Tabletop exposure rate measurement in fluoroscopy.
● Demonstration of basic procedures with all radiographic equipment. Examples- demonstration of
CT scan, MRI, C.R. D.R.
● Demonstration of basic Radiotherapy units.

TEXT BOOKS:

● Clark’s Handbook for Radiographers – Charles Sloane, Ken Holmes & Craig Anderson, Hodder
Educations, UK
● K. Thayalan - Basic radiological physics
● Concise textbook of Basic Radiography –Lalit Agarwal

REFERENCE BOOKS:

● Diagnostic Radiography – A concise practical Manual – Glenda J. Bryan (4th edn), Churchill
Livingstone.
● steward c. Bushong: radiologic science for technologists, physics , biology , protection
● physics of radiation therapy, Faiz M. Khan, 4th edition (2010), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins,
USA.
● Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology – Christensen.

WEB LINKS:

● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 104

COURSE NAME: BASIC RADIATION PHYSICS
COURSE CREDIT: 4
TOTAL HOURS: 150(THEORY: 90 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 60 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● To understand the general physics related to Medical imaging technology.

● Application of Equipment in Medical Imaging Technology.
● To introduce students with various instruments and high tech machineries used in radiology.
● To teach them principles and physics behind various types of radiologicaltests.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Basic principles of radiation physics: radioactivity, the physics of ionizing radiation, radiation dosimeter,
imaging equipment and radiation detectors. The course will include lectures and demonstrations of clinical
equipment applications.

COURSE CONTENT:
UNIT1.
BASIC CONCEPTS: Basic Units, Heat, Acoustics etc. Basic concepts of power, work, force, energy
Einstein’s formula - Electronics, Electricity & Magnetism, -electromagnetic waves - Units and
measurements - temperature and heat-SI units of above parameters- Atomic structure- Nucleus -
Atomic Number, Mass Number electron orbit and energy levels-Periodic table
-Isotopes-Isobars-Ionization and excitation.

UNIT2.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION: Electric charges-electric induction - electric potential-
capacitance and capacitors. Electrical energy and power - unit of current-resistance and Ohm’s law -
circuit laws - heating effect of current - sources of electrical energy - e.m.f. Magnetism-Magnetic effect
of an electric current - applications of magnetic field. Electro-magnetic induction, laws of mutual
induction and self-induction. Alternating current-transformers theory and losses - practical aspects-
reactance –resonance - impedance and power factors.
Electromagnetic waves: Introduction, Maxwell’s equation, electromagnetic waves, energy density and
intensity, electromagnetic spectrum and radiation in the Atmosphere.

UNIT3.
RADIOACTIVITY: Natural and artificial radioactivity-alpha decay-beta decay and spectra –
emission-positron decay electron capture and internal conversion-Exponential decay- Half life-
Unit of activity-specific activity. Nuclear Fission-Nuclear reactor. Radiation sources-Naturaland
artificial-production of radioisotopes-reactor produced isotopes- Fission products-Gammaray
source for Medical uses.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT4:
RADIATION QUANTITIES AND UNITS: Radiation intensity-exposure, roentgen, its
limitations-kerma and absorbed dose-electronic equilibrium-rad, gray, conversion factor for
roentgen to rad-quality factor-dose equivalent-rem, Sievert.

UNIT5:
X-RAYS: Discovery of x-rays-X-ray production and properties: Bremsstrahlung radiations-
Characteristics X-Rays, factors affecting X-ray emission spectra, X-ray quality and quantity, HVL
measurements, heel effect, soft and hard X-Rays.

UNIT6
X-RAY TUBE: historical aspects, construction of X-ray tubes, requirements for X- ray
production(Electron source, target and anode material), tube voltage, current, space charge, early X-ray
tubes(Coolidge tubes, tube envelop and housing) cathode assembly, Production of x-rays, X-ray
production efficiency, advances in X-ray tubes, anode angulation and rotating tubes-line focus
principle-space charge effect, tube cooling-Modern X-ray tubes-stationary anode, rotating anode, grid
controlled X- ray tubes, heel effect, off focus radiation, tube insert and housing-Tube rating charts-
Quality and intensity of x-rays-factors influencing them.

UNIT7.
INTERACTION OF X-AND GAMMA RAYS: Attenuation of X-ray or Gamma
rays-absorption and scattering-half value layer-coherent scattering-Photoelectric
absorption-compton scattering-pair production and photoelectric disintegration. X-Ray
transmission through medium-linear and mass attenuation coefficients. HVT - TVT and
interaction of charged particles and neutrons with matter. Interaction of X-and Gamma rays in
body-fat-soft- tissue-bone-contrast medium-Total attenuation coefficient. Relatives are important
for different types of interactions.

UNIT8
X-RAY GENERATORS AND CIRCUITS-Filament current and voltage, X-Ray circuits -primary
circuit-auto transformer-switch , Fuses, switches and interlocks-Exposure switching and -HT
cables-earthing. and timers- principle of automatic exposure control and practical operation - filament
circuit -high voltage circuits - half wave & full wave rectification -three phase circuits. Types of
generators, 3 phase, 6 and 12 pulse circuits- falling load generators-capacitors discharge and grid
control systems. X-ray tables- floating top table & variable height table.

UNIT9.
SCATTERED RADIATION -Significance of scatter – Beam limiting devices.-Grid principle and
structure – Types of Grids - vertical Bucky- versatile Bucky -Stationary grid, parallel grid, focused grid
– crossed grid, moving grid – Potter Bucky Diaphragm- Control of scattered radiation and grids/Bucky
- Methods of minimizing formation of scatter radiation, types of grids and grid ratio- use of cones –
diaphragm/ light beam devices - effectiveness of collimation - limitations of the primary beam/the light
beam diaphragm - filtration -Effects of scatter radiation on radiograph image quality, patient dose and

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

occupational exposure.

UNIT10.
RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENTS: Principle of radiation detection-Basic
principles of ionization chambers, proportional counters, G.M counters and scintillation detectors.
Measuring system: free ionization chamber-thimble ion chamber-condenser chamber-secondary
standard dosimeter-film dosimeter- chemical dosimeter-Thermoluminescent Dosimeter-Pocket
dosimeter.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course students will be able to...

● CLO1: Describe the principle related to basic physics.(unit 1 and 2)
● CLO2: Describe general physics related to imaging. (unit 1 and 2)
● CLO3: Differentiate between within general radiation.(unit2)
● CLO4: describe basics and general principle of radioactivity.( unit3 )
● CLO5: Basic knowledge of radiation units.(unit 4)
● CLO6: Describe production of x-rays.(unit 5)
● CLO7: Differentiate between x-ray equipment and other radiology related Equipment. (unit6)
● CLO8: Identify construction of radiology equipment.(unit 6)
● CLO9: Interpret the various type of interaction between matter and radiation.(unit7 )
● CLO10: Describe circuit system of radiology equipment.(unit 8)
● CLO11: describe and identify various devices to reduce scattered radiation.( unit 9)
● CLO12: identify various radiation measuring devices.(unit10 )

PRACTICALS
Study with charts, models & power point presentations Atomic structure, X-ray tubes, X-ray circuits
involving students to present and discuss. Examples—

● Congruence of Radiation and optical field and beam.

● Determination of focal spot size of diagnostic X-ray tube.
● KV and exposure time testing.
● Linearity testing of the timer.
● Consistency of mA loading.
● Consistency of Radiation output.
● Evaluation of total filtration of the tube

TEXT BOOKS:

● K. Thayalan - Basic radiological physics

● Curry and Dowdey Christinsens physics of diagnostic radiology
● D.N. And M.O. Chesney, X-Ray Equipment for Student Radiographers(Cbs)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

REFERENCE BOOKS :

● Physics for Radiography - Hay and Hughs.

● Ball and moore's essential physics radiographers, IV edition, Blackwell publishing.
● Basic Medical Radiation physics – Stanton.
● Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology – Christensen.
*Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended.

WEB LINKS:
● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/d.

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

34
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 105

COURSE NAME: PRACTICAL (BASIC RADIATION PHYSICS)
COURSE CREDIT: 4
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS: 150

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● To understand the general physics related to Medical imaging technology.

● Application of Equipment in Medical Imaging Technology.
● To introduce students with various instruments and high tech machineries used in radiology.
● To teach them principles and physics behind various types of radiologicaltests.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

Basic principles of radiation physics: radioactivity, the physics of ionizing radiation, radiation dosimeter,
imaging equipment and radiation detectors. The course will include lectures and demonstrations of clinical
equipment applications.

COURSE CONTENT:

Study with charts, models & power point presentations Atomic structure, X-ray tubes, X-ray circuits
involving students to present and discuss. Examples—

● Congruence of Radiation and optical field and beam.

● Determination of focal spot size of diagnostic X-ray tube.
● KV and exposure time testing.
● Linearity testing of the timer.
● Consistency of mA loading.
● Consistency of Radiation output.
● Evaluation of total filtration of the tube

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

• CLO1: Describe the importance of congruency of field to ensure reproducibility from image to image
and to have the ability to collimate as much as possible.
• CLO2: To assure that the tube focal spot size is in acceptable limit.
• CLO3: To determine the accuracy of indicated exposure time and the reproducibility of exposure.
• CLO4: To determine the production of radiation output for the same kvp.

35
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

TEXT BOOKS:

● K. Thayalan - Basic radiological physics

● Curry and Dowdey Christinsens physics of diagnostic radiology
● D.N. And M.O. Chesney, X-Ray Equipment for Student Radiographers(Cbs)

REFERENCE BOOKS :
● Physics for Radiography - Hay and Hughs.
● Ball and moore's essential physics radiographers, IV edition, Blackwellpublishing.
● Basic Medical Radiation physics – Stanton.
● Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology – Christensen.
*Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended.

WEB LINKS:
● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/d.

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 106

COURSE NAME: ENGLISH
COURSE CREDIT HOURS: 01
TOTALCONTACT HOURS: 30

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To educate the student in both the artistry and the utility of the English Language through the study of
literature. To make students aware of the different communicative skills and make them effectively
communicate in written and spoken modes. To provide students with the critical faculties necessary in an
academic environment, while at job and in an increasingly complex and interdependent world.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course emphasizes the fundamental language skills of reading, writing, speaking, listening, thinking,
viewing and presenting. An emphasis on vocabulary and composition skills will be an on-going part of the
program. The development of critical reading and writing skills is a major emphasis of the course.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION :
Study Techniques
Organization of effective note taking and logical processes of analysis and synthesis Use of the dictionary
Enlargement of vocabulary Effective diction

UNIT - II
APPLIED GRAMMAR :
Correct usage
The structure of sentences The structure of paragraphs Enlargements of Vocabulary

UNIT - III
WRITTEN COMPOSITION :
Precise writing and summarizing Writing of bibliography Enlargement of Vocabulary

UNIT - IV
READING AND COMPREHENSION :
Review of selected materials and express oneself in one's words. Enlargement of Vocabulary.

UNIT - V
THE STUDY OF THE VARIOUS FORMS OF COMPOSITION :
Paragraph, Essay, Letter, Summary, Practice in writing

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT - VI
VERBAL COMMUNICATION :
Discussions and summarization, Debates, Oral reports, use in teaching

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

● CLO 1 - To develop the students’ abilities in grammar, oral skills, reading, writing and study skills.
● CLO 2 - To improve their accuracy and fluency in producing and understanding spoken and written
English.
● CLO 3 - To become a more competent, efficient, and perceptive academic reader who is able to
communicate to others through writing and speaking the contents and main ideas of what is read.
● CLO 4 – To develop skills that enable them to communicate effectively in writing. They will learn to
present ideas clearly and logically to achieve a specific purpose and to be appropriate for an intended
audience.
● CLO 5 - Develop abilities as a critical reader and writer.
● CLO 6 - Develop public speaking abilities by giving opportunities to speak in class, both informally
and formally.

TEXT BOOKS:

Fundamentals of Effective Communication by Dr M.P. Sinha

REFERENCE BOOKS:

● English Grammar Collins, Birmingham University, International Language DataBase, Rupa & Co.1993
● Wren and Martin - Grammar and Composition, 1989, Chanda & Co, Delhi
● Letters for all Occasions. A S Myers. Pub - Harper Perennial
● Spoken English V. Sasikumar and P V Dhamija. Pub. By: Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi
● Journalism Made Simple DWainwright
● Writers Basic Bookshelf Series, Writer's Digestseries
● Interviewing by Joan Clayton Platkon
● Penguin Book of Interviews.

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks , final

Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 107

COURSE NAME: COMPUTER
COURSE CREDIT HOURS: 01
TOTALCONTACT HOURS: 30

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The course enables the students to understand the fundamentals of the computer and its applications.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

Deal with computer science: the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation, and
of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.

COURSE CONTENT:
UNIT1.
Introduction to Data processing:
Features of computers, Advantages of using computers. Getting data into / out of computers. Role of
computers.
Data processing ,Application areas of computers involved in Data processing. Common activities in
processing. Types of Data processing, Characteristics of information, Hardware and Software.

UNIT2.
Hardware Concepts :
Architecture of computers, Classification of computers, Concept of damage. Types of storage devices.
Characteristics of disks, tapes, Terminals, Printers, Network. Applications of networking concept of PC
System care, Floppy care, Data care.

UNIT3.
Concept of Software.
Classification of software : System software. Application of software. Operating system. Computer system.
Computer virus. Precautions against viruses. Dealing with viruses. Computers in medical electronics

UNIT4.
Basic Anatomy of Computers
Principles of programming
Computer application - principles in scientific research ; work processing, medicine, libraries, museum ,
education, information system.

UNIT5.
Data processing
Computers in physical therapy - principles in EMG, Exercise testing equipment, Laser. Scheme of
Examination for medical, electronics and computer applications.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

● CLO1: Describe various features of computer and basic knowledge of data processing.
● CLO2: Basic knowledge of computer hardware including types of storage
● CLO3: Basic knowledge of software and protection against viruses.
● CLO4: Describe principle of programming, work processing etc.
● CLO5: Concept of use of computer in physicaltherapy.

TEXT BOOKS:

● Computer Fundamentals(Goel, Anita Pearson)

● Computer Fundamentals: Concepts, Systems & Applications(Sinha, P. K. BPB)
● Computer Fundamentals: Concepts, Systems & Applications
Sinha, P. K/ Sinha, P. 4th ed BPB
● Computer Fundamentals: Concepts, Systems & Applications
Sinha, P. K/ Sinha, P. 4th ed BPB

REFERENCE BOOKS

● Introduction To Computers(Norton, Peter 6th edTMH)

WEB LINKS:

● https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/about-this-tutorial/1/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks , final

Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

40
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

2ND YEAR SYLLABUS

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 201

COURSE NAME: CLINICAL RADIOGRAPHY
COURSE CREDIT: 4
TOTAL HOURS: 160 (THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 60 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
● To understand the basic patient positioning and scanning in radiology
departments.
● To apply special positioning skills for different pathological and physical
conditions.
● Application of Equipment’s while working in radiology departments.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Clinical radiology is a specialized branch of medicine that uses state of the art equipment and a range of
techniques to capture images of the inside of the body. Medical radiography is a broad term that covers
several types of studies that require the visualization of the internal parts of the body using x-ray
techniques. Radiography means a technique for generating and recording an x-ray pattern for the purpose
of providing the user with a static image(s) after termination of the exposure.

COURSE CONTENTS:

UNIT1.
● Techniques, Preparations, Instructions, Positioning of patient for conventional and digital radiography
in the imaging of following-
● CONVENTIONAL NON CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY-
● Upper limb: Technique for hand, fingers, thumb, wrist joint carpal bones, forearm, elbow joint, radio
ulnar joints and humerus supplementary techniques for the above.
E.g. Carpal tunnel view, ulnar groove, head of the radius, supracondylar projections.
● Lower limb: Technique for foot, toes, great toe, tarsal bones, calcaneum, ankle joint, lower leg, knee,
patella & femur. Supplementary techniques: Stress view for torn ligaments, Inter condylar projection of
the knee.
● Shoulder girdle and thorax: Technique for shoulder joint, scapular, clavicle, acromio clavicular
joints, sternum, ribs, sterno-clavicular joint. Supplementary projections and techniques
● Vertebral column: Technique for atlanto-occipital joint, cervical spine, cervico thoracic spine, thoracic
spine, thoraco- lumber spine, lumbo sacral spine, sacrum and coccyx.
● Pelvic girdle and hip region: Technique for whole pelvis. Ilium, ischium, pubic bones, sacroiliac joint,
symphysis pubis, hip joint, acetabulum neck of femur, greater and lesser trochanter.
● Skull Radiography – general, sella – temporal bone – mastoid – optic foramen – Internal auditory

41
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

● canal – Superior and inferior orbital fissure – base of skull – facial bones – petrous apex – Zygomatic
bone, nasal bone, sinuses of skull – mandible – Tempro-mandibular joint – Paranasal sinuses
Radiography

● Chest Radiography –Basic views (PA & AP) - inspiratory & expiratory films- special chest views &
their significance – larynx- trachea- thoracic inlet -Sternum - Ribs – Heart and great vessels –
mediastinum -Diaphragm – double exposure technique.

● Abdomen & Pelvic Radiography – all projection – the acute abdomeninvestigation.

UNIT 2.
● Soft tissue radiography:
● Preparations, Instructions, Various techniques, positioning of patient for conventional and digital
mammography, High and low KV Technique – differential filtration – multiple radiography –
technique for steep range radiography – Duplication – arrangement of intensifying screen.

UNIT3.
● Stereo Radiography:
● Principle – tube shifting relation of patient – correct making and viewing of stereo radiographs
application.
● Macro radiography: Principle sizes of focal spot limitations in its application. High kv technique:
technique & usefulness.

UNIT4.
● Foreign body localization:
● Preparation – Anatomical localization – various projections – use of skin markers – Tangential
projection – uses – opaque – foreign bodies.
● Dental radiography-types of equipment –techniques- indications-films-dental radiography in trauma
patients.

COURSE OUTCOMES
At the end of the course students will be able to...
● CLO1: Understand the basic patient positioning during radiographic investigation.(UNIT 1AND 2)
● CLO2: Apply special positioning skills for different pathological and physical
conditions. .(UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO3: Application of equipment while working in radiology departments. .(UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO4: Choose proper position during radiography. .(UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO5: Explain relative positions of x-ray tube and patient relevant exposure factors
during radiography. .(UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO6: Explain the use of accessories. .(UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO7: Explain the anatomic and physiological basis of the procedure to be
undertaken. .(UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO8: Explain the radiographic appearances of both normal and commonabnormal
conditions. .(UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO9: Understand the dental radiography.( UNIT 4)
● CLO10: Basic principle of macro radiography.( UNIT 3)
● CLO11: Positioning for mammogram.(UNIT 2)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

PRACTICAL

Practical involving patients not less than 10 numbers must be prescribed to students. The title and nature of
practical may be framed by the respective institution conducting the course.

TEXT BOOKS:

● Philip W. Ballinger: Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Radiological

● Procedures (Mosby)
● Ra Swallow, E Naylor: Clarks Positioning In Radiography
● Ross and Gailway: A Handbook of Radiography(Lewis)
● Glenda J.Bryan: Diagnostic Radiography (Mosby)
● Meril’s Atlas of radiographic positioning and Radiological procedure)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

● Clark’s Handbook for Radiographers – Charles Sloane, Ken Holmes & Craig Anderson, Hodder
Educations, UK
th
● Diagnostic Radiography – A concise practical Manual – Glenda J. Bryan (4 edn), Churchill
Livingstone

WEB LINKS:
● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

43
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 202

COURSE NAME: PATIENT CARE & RADIATION PROTECTION
COURSE CREDIT: 4
TOTAL HOURS: 150 (THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 50 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
● To know the basic needs and care for the patients inside the radiology
● departments.
● Preparation of patients for various radiological examinations.
● Knowledge of the transferring patients before and after the radiological
● examination and restraining of patients at the time ofexamination.
● Knowledge of radiation protection principles and their application inradiology
● department.
● Knowledge of departmental layouts for protection of patients, occupational
● workers and general public.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and
the means for achieving this". Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or
due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination. Radiation protection aims
to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure with a goal to minimize the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
Patient care refers to the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of physical
and mental well-being through services offered by health professionals.

COURSE CONTENTS:

UNIT1.
PATIENT CARE & MEDICAL ETHICS:
● Patient vital signs - temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure - normal values and methods of
taking and recording them.
● Development of communication skills with patient- general comfort and reassurance to the patient-
patient education and explaining about the study-drugs used in the preparation of the patient. Handling
of an unconscious patient-shifting of patients - hazards of lifting and maneuvering patients - rules for
correct lifting- transfer from chair/wheel chair or trolley to couch and vice-versa - safety of patient and
worker while lifting & shifting of patients- handling of geriatric, pediatric and trauma patients
-handling female patients-pregnant women.
● Communicable diseases - hygiene in the department-cross infection and prevention-handling of
infectious patients in the department -application of asepsis.
● Ethics of medical practice- Radiography professionalism-essential qualities of the radiographer-
● improving professional and personal qualities- Radiographer as a part of Hospital /Organization-

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

responsibilities. Medico-legal considerations - radiographers clinical and ethical responsibilities-

misconduct and malpractice.
● First aid: Aims and objectives of first aid; wounds and bleeding, dressing and bandages; pressure and
splints, supports etc. Shock; insensibility; asphyxia; convulsions; resuscitation, use of suction
apparatus, drug reactions; prophylactic measures; administration of oxygen; electric shock; burns; scalds;
hemorrhage; pressure points; compression band. Fractures; splints, bandaging; dressing, foreignbodies; poisons.

● Drugs in the department: Storage: classification; labelling and checking, regulations regarding
dangerous and other drugs; units of measurement, special drugs, anti- depressive, anti-hypertensiveetc.

UNIT 2.

PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

Trauma care & Emergency Radiography: procedures in the event of an accident- Special positioning
procedures & projections - modification of techniques needed for seriously injured patients. Radiographic
factors - patient care & responsibilities-Search of profession confidence-maintenance decorum of the job
responsibility - the importance of records maintenance. Fluoroscopy and its application in emergency
radiology - Medicolegal aspects of the radiographers work. Common medical emergencies-helping in first
aid & zero hour care / know to help in critical hour care -Trauma patients handling – trauma ward bed
X-rays – mass casualty management-selection of study / procedures & radiographic views. Knowing the
emergency care places in the hospital & pre planning- checking & readiness of mobile units in functioning
status -screening of the high risk patients in various procedure- supportive facilities to encounter
emergency-practical training.

UNIT 3.

RADIATION PROTECTION

● Definition of radiation hazards maximum permissible dose and annual limit of intake (ALI)
permissible dose levels on and around sealed source housing and installation principles of radiation
protection and MPD of different ICRP rules, stochastic and non-stochastic effects.
● Importance of ‘ALARA’ physical principles of design and planning of installation safe work practice in
diagnostic radiology.
● Shielding materials Radiation survey and personnel monitoring devices film badge, TLD badges
pocket dosimeter .Measurement of radiation and dosimetry procedures.
● Radiation detectors and their principles of working.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course students will be able to...
● CLO1: Know the basic needs and care for the patients inside theradiology
departments. .( UNIT 1AND 2)
● CLO2: Preparation of patients for various radiological examinations. .( UNIT2)
● CLO3: Knowledge of the transferring patients before and after the radiological

45
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

examination and restraining of patients at the time of examination. . ( UNIT2)

● CLO4: Knowledge of radiation protection principles and their application in radiology department.( UNIT
3)
● CLO5: Knowledge of departmental layouts for protection of patients, occupational
workers and general public. .( UNIT 3)
● CLO6: Students will be able to transfer the patients without causing any Complications and can restrain
the uncooperative patients during radiologicalexaminations. .( UNIT2)
● CLO7: Protecting the patients, occupational workers and general public from
secondary radiation. .( UNIT 3)
● CLO8: Regulation of radiation practices according to internationallyaccepted
methods. .( UNIT 3)
● CLO9: Obtaining vital signs, handling equipments used for various procedures.( UNIT 1)
● CLO10: Management and Care of patient during emergency situations.( UNIT2)
● CLO11: Using sterilised techniques to reduce the chances of infection in work
practices. .( UNIT 1)

PRACTICALS

● Perform and execute the patient care techniques.

● plan and perform the radiation protection using the monitoringdevices.

TEXT BOOKS:
Radiation Protection
● Physics of diagnostic Radiology- Christenson
● ICRP manual
● Radiation protection in medical radiography- Mosby Elsevier publication
Patient Care
● Care of Patients in Diagnostic Radiology- Gunn
● Patient care in radiography- Mosby Elsevier publication

REFERENCE BOOKS:
● Notes on Radiological Emergencies – Ansell and Churchill
● Care of patients in diagnostic Radiography – Chesney &Chesney.
● First Aid – Haugher and Gardner.
● .steward c. Bushong:radiologic science for technologists, physics , biology , protection

* Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

WEB LINKS:

● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

47
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 203

COURSE NAME: EQUIPMENTS OF RADIOTHERAPY
COURSE CREDIT: 4
TOTAL HOURS: 150 (THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 50 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Introduction to the use of ionizing radiation for the management of cancer. To get exposure to different
types of clinical radiation generators. Use of radioactive sources for the management of malignant and
non-malignant diseases

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Provide the student with the fundamentals of radiation oncology. The history of cancer and radiation
therapy will be discussed. Technical aspects of treatment machines and the effects of combined therapies
will be discussed. In addition, this course will review calculations necessary for the various patient setups
and treatments.

COURSE CONTENTS:
UNIT1.
Orthovoltage equipment with special reference to physical design equipment of tube and its
accessories and interlocks, gamma ray sources used radiotherapy especially cobalt 60 source its
construction and source housing and handling mechanism.

UNIT2.
Principles of isocentric Tele-isotope machines, megavoltage x-ray and electron beam accelerators
and betatron.

UNIT3.
Salient features of components of Linear Accelerator like tube design, wake guide, target design,
beam bending system.

UNIT4.
Radio-frequency generators like magnetron and klestron.

UNIT5.
Basic principle of remote after-loading system/machines and sources used.

UNIT6
Principles of simulators and vacuum forming machines for making casts.

48
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT7.
Sterofoam template cutting system introduction to radio-surgery.

UNIT8.
Equipment and dosimetry equipment.

COURSE OUTCOMES

● CLO1: Describe the all components of the radiotherapy machine. (UNIT1)

● CLO2: Basics techniques radiotherapy treatment (orthovoltage, linear accelerator, brachytherapy)
(UNIT1)
● CLO3: Describe the construction and working mechanism of LINAC.(UNIT 3)
● CLO4: The knowledge of microwave production of microwaves . (UNIT4)
● CLO5: Describe the basics principle of remote afterloading and brachytherapy techniques during
treatments. (UNIT5)
● CLO6.Demonstrate ability to operate radiation producing equipment in all phases of treatment set-up
and delivery (UNIT5)
● CLO: Use of simulators in radiotherapy and types of simulator.( UNIT6)
● CLO6. Demonstrate proper utilization of immobilization and beam directional device(UNIT6)
● CLO7: Principle and types of radiosurgery and its advantages over other cancer treatment units.(UNIT
7)
● CLO8: Demonstrate proper utilization of procedures for protection from sources of radiation
exposure(UNIT8)

PRACTICALS
Demonstrate the equipment of radiotherapy

TEXTBOOK :

● Faiz M Khan , Textbook of Radiotherapy

● Mohanti, ATextbook of Radiation Oncology
● K.Thalayan, Textbook of Radiological Safety
● Ballinger, Textbook of Radiation Oncology

REFERENCE BOOKS:
● Krishan, Step by Step Management of Chemo and Radiotherapy
● Lele, Principle and Practice of Nuclear Medicine and Correlative Medical Imaging
* Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended.

49
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

WEB LINKS:

● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

50
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 204

COURSE NAME: SPECIAL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE & PROCEDURES
COURSE CREDIT: 4
TOTAL HOURS: 160 (THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 60 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
● To know management and positioning of patients whileperforming
● radiological procedures.
● Knowledge of indications, contraindications contrast media, radiation dose,
● exposure timing and radiation safety measures for different radiological
● procedures. Regulations and Curriculum –MIT
● To understand the patient preparations needed before any radiological
● examination.
● .Knowledge of post procedural care.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Special Procedures is a diagnostic and minimally invasive procedure branch of Radiology used for
evaluation and treatment of many medical conditions. We utilize the expertise of our specialty trained
radiologists to perform over sixty different procedures.. Although some procedures may require recovery
in the OutPatient Services area, most take 30-45 minutes to perform and you are able to go home shortly
thereafter.

COURSE CONTENTS:
UNIT 1.
● Responsibility of Radiographer during Radiological Procedures.
● Preparation of Patients for Different Procedures.
● Contrast Media - Positive and Negative, Ionic & Non – Ionic
● Adverse Reactions To Contrast Media and Patient Management
● Emergency Drugs in the Radiology Department
● Emergency Equipments In the Radiology Department

Indications, contraindications, basic techniques and relationship to other techniques of the

following special procedures

Excretory System
● IVP
● RGU
● MCU
G.I. Tract
● Barium Swallow
● Barium Meal Series

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

● Barium Meal Follow Through

● Barium Enema
● Small bowel enema
● Female reproductive system: Hysterosalpingography.
● Salivary glands: Routine technique, procedure – sialography
● Sinusography: Routine technique and procedure.
● Dacrocystography: Routine technique and procedure.
● Central Nervous System: Myelography.

Biliary system:
● Intravenous cholangiography
● Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP)
● Post-Operative cholangiography (T - tube Cholangiography)
● Oral Cholecystography
● Percutaneous Trans hepatic Cholecystography

UNIT3.
● Guideline for design and location of X-ray equipment

UNIT4
● Dark Room designing
● Outline structure of Dark Room
● Material used Miscellaneous

COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of the course students will be able to...

● CLO1: Prepare management and positioning of patients whileperforming
radiological procedures.( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO2: Correlate of indications, contraindications, contrast media, radiation dose,
● exposure timing and radiation safety measures for different radiological
procedures. .( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO3: Understand the patient preparations needed before anyradiological
examination. .( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● COL4: Generalize knowledge of post Procedural care. .( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO5: Students will be able position the patients for radiological procedures. .( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO6: Knowledge of image quality in radiological images. .( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO7: Management of patients in the radiology department for various procedures. .( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO8: Ability to handle emergency situations in the radiology department. .( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO9: Precautions and care required in interventional suits. .( UNIT 1 AND 2)
● CLO10: Describe construction and working of darkroom/x-ray room and knowledge about darkroom
/x-ray room accessories.( UNIT3 and 4)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

PRACTICALS

● Radiography in various positions for all the special radiological procedures, using contrast media as per
syllabus.
● Positioning and treatment of various cases patients by using:
● Prescribed filters and wedges
● Protection of various organs

TEXT BOOKS:

● Bhushan n Lakhkar Radiological procedures

● Chapman A guide to radiological procedures

REFERENCE BOOKS:

● Clark, Radiographic Positioning and Special Procedure

● Krishnamurthy, Medical Radiographic Technique & Darkroom Practice

* Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended.

WEB LINKS:

● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 205

COURSE NAME: X-RAY FILM/IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
INCLUDING DARK ROOM
COURSE CREDIT: 4
TOTAL HOURS: 150 (THEORY: 100 HOURS PRACTICAL: 50 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● To know basic physics of radiography

● Construction and working of film, intensifying screen, cassette, dark room,
● Computed radiography, direct radiography, and automatic processor.
● To understand radiographic film Processingchemistry.
● To study the factors affecting image quality in radiographic image and their application.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This Radiographic photography syllabus is intended as a guide to the theory and practical knowledge
required by the students. Appreciation and application of all the factors listed below will enable the
technologist to produce x-ray films of good quality and diagnostic value. The lectures should be linked
with practical demonstration to illustrate the importance of all that goes to make up correct exposure
conditions.

COURSE CONTENT:
UNIT1.
X-Ray film
X- ray film construction and film characteristics – Composition of single and double coated radiographic
films -structure of emulsion- film characteristics; speed, base fog, gamma, latitude -effect of grain size on
film response to exposure, interpretation of characteristics curve- exposure to x-rays. Sensitometer:
Photographic density-characteristic curve-information from the characteristic curve-speed Vsdefinition.

UNIT2.
Types of Radiographic Films-
Applications -advantages/limitations of different types Structure, properties of different parts-Film storage
- handling -film wrappings- handling of exposed and unexposed films -safe light requirements. Storage of
X-ray film.

UNIT3.
Radiographic Image:
Meaning of radiographic image contrast, density, resolution,
sharpness, magnification and distortion of image, noise and blur. Primary radiological image formation-
Image quality – unsharpness- resolution – fog and noise - use of contrast media-density- contrast –
brightness- optical density measurements- Image recording devices.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT4:
Image processing– Film developing principles- acidity, alkalinity, pH, the processing cycle-
process of film developing - development -developer solution- constituents of developer. Fixing- fixer
solution- composition of fixer –washing – drying replenishment -checking and adjusting replenishment
rates - other processing solution – effect of temperature and development time - film processing
methods -common errors and faults while processing manual and automatic processing-latent image
formation–
silver recovery and economics.

UNIT5
Automatic processing - Automatic film handling systems -Automated Processors - equipment for Film
Processing-functions of various components- film roller transport - transport time -film feed
system-Importance and relation to temp, fixed and variable time cycles-Care and maintenance -cleaning
routine and methods of cleaning.

UNIT6
Intensifying screens: Structure and functions, common phosphors used-types, screen mounting, care and
maintenance of film screen contact. Intensifying factor-speed and detail-crossover
effect-resolution-mottle-reciprocity-screen asymmetry-cleaning. New phosphor technology-influence of
kilo voltage. Photo-stimulable phosphor Imaging.

Cassettes: Structure and function-Types-single, gridded, film holder-Design features and consideration
with loading/unloading-Care and maintenance (cleaning).

Presentation of radiographs-opaque letters and markers-Identification of dental films- preparation of stereo

radiographs-viewing conditions

UNIT7:
Film achieving systems- Image recording devices-Laser imager/camera functioning. Multiformatter-
Optical Disc. System
Film archieving systems - MOD/disc/PACS etc

UNIT8
Radiographic illuminators: and viewing conditions, visual acuity and resolution.

UNIT9
Dark Room
● The processing area.
● Dark room design, construction, illumination, entrance safe lighting-types.
● Room storage, shelving of films.
● Cleaning and maintenance.
● Instruction to Staff, Dry Bench, Drawer, Cupboard.
● Loading and Unloading Cassettes.
● Hangers, Types of Hangers and Storage of Hangers
● Wet Bench Cleanliness, Control of Dust, Dark Room Sink
● Hatches and Drier

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

● Safe Lights, Direct and Indirect, Uses, Factors Affecting Safelight Performance, Safelight Tests.
● Viewing Room, Film Dispensing

COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course students will be able to...

● CLO1: Know basic physics of radiography processing system.(UNIT 3 AND 4)
● CLO2: Describe construction and working of film, intensifying screen, cassette, dark
● room, computed radiography, direct radiography and automatic processor.(UNIT 1,2, 6AND 9)
● CLO3: Explain radiographic film Processing chemistry.(UNIT 4)
● CLO4: Discuss the factors affecting image quality in radiographic image andtheir
● application.(UNIT 3)
● CLO5: Operate the workflow in x-ray imaging.( UNIT 9)
● CLO6: Apply knowledge for the use of radiation factors.(UNIT 3)
● CLO7: Demonstrate process the radiographic film in different systems(UNIT 4 AND 5)
● CLO8: Describe the film archieving system and components.(UNIT 7)
● CLO9: apply knowledge of radiographic illuminators.(UNIT 8)
● CLO10: Prepare care and maintenance of radiographic films, cassettes, intensifying
screens, darkroom accessories and X-ray equipment.(UNIT 1,2,6 AND 9)

PRACTICAL

Practical involving not less than 10 numbers must be prescribed to the students.
The title and nature of practical may be framed by the respective institution conducting the course. Study
with charts, models & power point presentations involving students to present and discuss.

TEXT BOOKS:

● Radiographic Imaging - Chesney & Chesney, Blakwell scientific publications, oxford(1981)

● Photographic processing, quality control and evaluation of photographic material -J.E. Gray
3.Photographic processing Chemistry - L.F.A. Mason.
● Physical and photography principles of Medical Radiography - Seeman & Herman.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

● Radiographic latent image processing – W. E. JMckinney

● Diagnostic Radiography – A concise practical Manual – Glenda J. Bryan (4th edn), Churchill
Livingstone

* Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

WEB LINKS:

● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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 NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 206

COURSE NAME: CLINICAL RADIOGRAPHYPRACTICAL
COURSE CREDIT: 4
TOTAL HOURS: 100

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
● To understand the basic patient positioning and scanning in radiology
departments.
● To apply special positioning skills for different pathological and physical
conditions.
● Application of Equipment’s while working in radiology departments.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Clinical radiology is a specialized branch of medicine that uses state of the art equipment and a range of
techniques to capture images of the inside of the body. Medical radiography is a broad term that covers
several types of studies that require the visualization of the internal parts of the body using x-ray
techniques. Radiography means a technique for generating and recording an x-ray pattern for the purpose
of providing the user with a static image(s) after termination of the exposure.

Practical involving not less than 10 numbers must be prescribed to the students.
The title and nature of practical may be framed by the respective institution conducting the course. Study
with charts, models & power point presentations involving students to present and discuss.

COURSE CONTENT:
• UPPER LIMB:
o Clinical demonstration of Arm,
o Clinical demonstration of forearm,
o Clinical demonstration of elbow joint
o Clinical demonstration of shoulder
• LOWER LIMB:
o Clinical demonstration of Femur
o Clinical demonstration of tibia
o Clinical demonstration of fibula
o Clinical demonstration of knee join
o Clinical demonstration of ankle and foot

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 NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

• THORAX:
o Clinical demonstration of Ribs
o Clinical demonstration of Clavicle
o Clinical demonstration of lungs
• VERTEBRAL COLUMN:
o Clinical demonstration of Cervical spine
o Clinical demonstration of thoracic spine
o Clinical demonstration of lumbar spine
o Clinical demonstration of sacrum spine
o Clinical demonstration of coccyx spine
• PELVIC GIRDLE AND HIP REGION:
o Technique for whole pelvis demonstration.
 SKULL RADIOGRAPHY:
o Demonstration of skull views
o Demonstration of Para nasal sinuses
• SOFT TISSUE RADIOGRAPHY
o Demonstration of routine and special views of mammography.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

● CLO1: Understand the basic patient positioning during radiographic investigation.
● CLO2: Apply special positioning skills for different pathological and physical
conditions.
● CLO3: Application of equipment while working in radiology departments.
● CLO4: Choose proper position during radiography.
● CLO5: Explain relative positions of x-ray tube and patient relevant exposure factors
during radiography.
● CLO6: Explain the radiographic appearances of both normal and commonabnormal
conditions.
● CLO7: Explain the positioning for mammogram.

TEXT BOOKS:

● Philip W. Ballinger: Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Radiological

● Procedures (Mosby)
● Ra Swallow, E Naylor: Clarks Positioning In Radiography
● Ross and Gailway: A Handbook of Radiography(Lewis)
● Glenda J.Bryan: Diagnostic Radiography (Mosby)
● Meril’s Atlas of radiographic positioning and Radiological procedure)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

REFERENCE BOOKS:

● Clark’s Handbook for Radiographers – Charles Sloane, Ken Holmes & Craig Anderson, Hodder
Educations, UK
th
● Diagnostic Radiography – A concise practical Manual – Glenda J. Bryan (4 edn), Churchill
Livingstone

WEB LINKS:
● http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
● https://radiopaedia.org/
● https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
● https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

3RD YEAR SYLLABUS

COURSE CODE: BMRIT-301

COURSE NAME: RADIOTHERAPY PLANNING AND QUALITY CONTROL
COURSE CREDIT: 04
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS: 150 HOURS (THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 50 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

To familiarize the student with the need and the concept of a quality system in radiotherapy as well as
with recommended quality procedures and tests.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

The principles of radiation physics apply to the treatment and care of the cancer patient.
In radiotherapy, radiation treatment planning (RTP) is the process in which a team consisting of radiation
oncologists, radiation therapist, medical physicists and medical dosimetrists plan the appropriate external
beam radiotherapy or internal brachytherapy treatment technique for a patient with cancer.
Quality Control (QC) refers to the specific test required to ensure effective and safe equipment
performance. QC tests check the performance of the equipment under routine clinical conditions, following
established protocols for facilities, equipment and procedures.

COURSE CONTENTS:

UNIT1.
Definition of treatment planning.Principles of positioning and immobilization Positioning aids-Breast
boards,Lung boards, Belly boards, Head-and-neck fixation devices, Vacuum packs, Stereotactic
systems Internal organ motion control- Bite blocks, Gating systems, Active breathing control,
Diaphragm compression, Prostate immobilization, Tracking systems. Laser/ positioning systems

UNIT2.
Planning procedure in general with special emphasis on turnout localization and target volume
measurement by conventional radiographic method and simulator imaging.

UNIT3.
Role of special contrast medium base radiotherapy.

UNIT4.
CT/MRI/Ultrasound/ radionuclide imaging methods physical and clinical requirements of field
selection of treatment in Teletherapy, role of portal films in treatment planning. Choice of central
axis percentage depth dose data and isodose curve form a spectrum of radiotherapy beams used for
treatment.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT5.
Requirement and practice of organ shielding single multiple fields, and rotational field therapy,
planning procedures.

UNIT6.
Computerized treatment planning system choice of dose, time and fraction.

UNIT7.
Safety of critical organs in planning methods, Role of treatment shell immobilization devices and
laser in patients set up and positioning

UNIT8.
Acceptance tests on therapy simulator telescope megavoltage X-ray and electron beam machines.

UNIT9.
Contribution of technologist in radiation calibration of quality control assurance in execution of
radiation treatment.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

● CLO1: Review components of conventional simulator during planning of target volume of tumor.
(UNIT2)
● CLO2: Understand how some conventional tests should be modified for a digital radiographic
system integrated into an electronic image management system. (UNIT7)
● CLO3: Identify key references and standards that can be useful in QA of DR activities that ensure
consistent, maximum performance from physician and imaging facility (UNIT5)
● CLO4: Acceptance Test on radiotherapy equipments (UNIT8)
● CLO5: Computerized treatment planning systems with Quality Control (QC). (UNIT6)
● CLO6: Vehicle for providing highest quality medical care(UNIT9)
● COL7: Describe the steps of treatment planning during treatment of cancer. (UNIT1)
● COL8: Radiation Calibration of quality control of CT simulator,(UNIT9)
● COL9: Describe the role of contrast media in procedure. (UNIT3)

PRACTICAL
Practical involving not less than 10 numbers must be prescribed to the students.
The title and nature of practical may be framed by the respective institution conducting the course. Study
with charts, models & power point presentations involving students to present and discuss.

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

TEXTBOOK:

1. Mohanti, ATextbook of Radiation Oncology

2. K.Thalayan , Textbook of Radiological Safety
3. Faiz M Khan, Textbook of Radiotherapy andTreatment Planning

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. RoyH.Decker,MD,PhD-Pocket Guide to RadiationOncology
2. Joel E. Tepper MD ,Gunderson & Tepper- Clinical Radiation Oncology

WEB LINKS:
4. http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
5. https://radiopaedia.org/
6. https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
7. https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT-302

COURSE NAME: MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND RECENT TRENDS IN IMAGING
COURSE CREDIT: 04
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS: 180 HOURS ( THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 80 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

Explore significant technology innovations that will help improve diagnosis while keeping dose as low as
possible. They are:
● Faster acquisition enables improved image quality
● Gains in optimal dose efficiency
● 2D image capture evolving to 3D
● AI as a supplemental lens for medical image analysis

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

A large variety of imaging techniques is an integral part of modern medicine. Introducing radiological
imaging techniques into the dissection course serves as a basis for improved learning of anatomy and
multidisciplinary learning in pre-clinical medical education.

COURSE CONTENTS:

UNIT 1.
Mammography:

The Mammography system - construction/types accessories tube, compression, grids, AEC etc l-
immobilization and identification techniques- film processing - image quality - image recording devices
positioning techniques for various projections - exposure factors- Conventional & Digital studies-
quality and advantage- diagnosis and screening- Characteristics of benign and malignant lesions –
patient care – female attendant - interventional procedures - radiation dose- recent advances in
mammography techniques -mammo tomogram & Sonomammography procedures- advantages &
limitations.

UNIT2.
Ultrasonography/ Doppler studies:
Transducers; principle design and types, Electronics, Matching Layers, Image acquisition and display;
A-mode, M-mode, B-mode, Linear and Curvilinear Arrays, Phased Arrays, Annular Arrays, The Near
Field, the Far Field, Focused Transducers, Image Data Acquisition: Signal Acquisition, Pre-amplification
and Analog to Digital Conversion, Time Gain Compensation, Logarithmic Compression,

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Demodulation and Envelope Detection, Rejection, Processed Signal . Techniques of sonography-

selection- Preparations - instructions and positioning of patient for TAS,
TVS, TRUS, neck USG and extremities- patient care and maintenance protocols-clinical applications display methods
–quality image reproducible extend -assurance to patients. Doppler - Doppler Theory,
Doppler-Frequency Shift, Reflector Velocity Dependence, Doppler Angle Dependence, Spectral Analysis,
Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler, Pulsed Doppler, Pulse Transmission and Range Gating, Aliasing,
Duplex Scanning, Color Flow Imaging, Power Doppler. Image quality and artefacts. Reverberation,
lateral and axial resolution, time gain compensation.

UNIT3.

CT scan studies acquisition/ protocols /techniques:

Computerized tomography - basic principles, advantages and limitations. X-ray tubes & detectors,data
acquisition, generations, image reconstruction. Basic principles of image reconstruction: back projection,
analytical an iterative methods – MPR – MIP – volume rendering – surface shaded display (SSD) – bone
reconstruction . CT artefacts: motion artefacts, streak artefacts, ring artefacts, partial volume artefacts etc .
Dose and Dosimetry, CT Dose Index (CTDI, etc.), Multiple Scan Average Dose (MSAD), Dose Length
Product (DLP), Dose Profile, Effective Dose, Phantom Measurement Methods, Dose for Different
Application Protocols, Technique Optimization . CT of head and neck – thorax – abdomen – pelvis –
musculo skeletal system – spine – PNS. Anatomy – clinical indications and contraindications – patient
preparation – technique – contrast media-types, dose, injection technique; timing, sequence - image display
– patient care – utilization of available techniques & image processing facilities to guide the clinician-CT
anatomy and pathology of different organ systems.

UNIT4.

MRI Scanners:
Basic MR Image formation - RF Excitation – Relaxation (T1 and T2) – Computation and,display - Free
induction decay - k-space – RF wave form designs.
Introduction to pulse sequencing - Spin echo sequence – T1w image – T2W image Proton density -
Gradient echo sequence – Inversion recovery
Methods of MRI imaging methods – Head and Neck , Thorax, Abdomen, Musculoskeletal System
imaging - Clinical indications and contraindications- types of common sequences-effects of sequence on
imaging - Protocols for various studies- slice section- patient preparation-positioning of the patient -
patient care-calibration - paramagnetic agents and dose, additional techniques and recent advances in MRI
- ARTIFACTS - Cause of artifacts. MR safety – instrumentation and biologicaleffects

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

image acquisition-modification of procedures in an unconscious or un co-operative patient - plain studies-

contrast studies -special procedures- reconstructions- 3D images- MRS blood flow imaging,
diffusion/perfusion scans - strength and limitations of MRI- role of radiographer.

UNIT5.
Angiography and Cine Studies /DSA

Conventional / DSA studies- Abdominal, visceral, peripheral, cerebral and cardiac angiography -
arterial/venous anatomy, physiology-clinical indications and contraindications - patient preparation-
positioning of the patient -patient care-contrast media - types of contrast - dosage - accessories catheters,
guide wires- pressure injection- control of radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment - exposure factors
for serial programmes-programming-injection protocols- outline on each radiological procedure-
radiographer’s role- patient management before -during and after the procedure - venography-
interventional angiography in hepatobiliary, GIT, urology and vascular system- coils/stents etc-
indications and contraindications - role of radiographer-radiation safety.
UNIT5.

Nuclear Scintiscan procedures:

SPECT-CT & PET-CT studies, protocols, Basics of common clinical Nuclear Medicin
procedures/techniques–comparison with different structural imaging studies-advantages andlimitations.

UNIT6.

Recent Advances in Imaging

Dynamic CT & MRI studies
Per operative application of various imaging systems including detector probes application in Nuclear
Medicine
Imaging guidance in therapeutic procedures-IGRT, TACE & TARE etc.

PRACTICAL
Practical involving not less than 10 numbers must be prescribed to the students. The title and nature of
practical may be framed by the respective institution conducting the course.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

● CLO1: Ability to properly perform a mammogram(UNIT1)

● CLO2: Recognize the risks of mammography(UNIT1)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

● CLO3: Understand ultrasound principles and explain the basic physical properties of ultrasound.
(UNIT2)
● CLO4: Describe various types of ultrasound-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
(UNIT2)
● CLO5: Define basic principle and physics of Computed Tomography scan(UNIT3)
● CLO6: Recognize protocols needed for Computed Tomography examination (UNIT3)
● CLO7:Prepare and positioning for Computed Tomography examination(UNIT3)
● CLO8:Define basic principle and physics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (UNIT4)
● CLO9: Recognize protocols needed for Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination. (UNIT4)
● CLO10: Prepare and positioning for Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination. (UNIT4)
● CLO11:Interpret post processing of Magnetic Resonance Imaging images. (UNIT4)
● CLO12:Basics knowledge of DSA.(UNIT5)
● CLO13: Clinical indication and contraindication for the procedure, patient positioning,(UNIT5)
● CLO14:Basics knowledge of radiopharmaceuticals and distributions used for specific nuclear
medicine procedures. (UNIT5)
● CLO15: describe the protocols of SPECT and PET scan (UNIT5)
● CLO16; Advantage and limitations of structural imaging studies. . (UNIT5)
● CLO17: Describe dynamic CT & MRI studies. .(UNIT6)

TEXT BOOKS :
1. .Stuwart C Bushong MRI Physics and Biological Principle
2. Catherine Westbrook & Caralyn Kaut MRI in Practice
3. Christensen, Curry & Dowdey : An Introduction of Physics to Diagnostic Radiography
4. Seeram CT, Euclid Seeram
5. Spiral CT protocols- a practical approach – Jaypee publications

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Frederick W Kremkau Diagnostic Ultrasound Principles and Instruments
2. Roger C. Sounders: Clinical Sonography : A Practical Guide (Little Brown & Company)
3. Palmer : Manual of Diagnostic Ultrasound (WHO)
4. James A Sorenson, Simon R Cherry, Michael E Phelps Physics in Nuclear Medicine:,
5. Gopal B Saha Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy
6. Catherine Westbrook Protocols in MRI
7. Bradley Physics of MRI
8. Spiral CT protocols- a practical approach – Jaypee publications
9. Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Whole Body (Vol.1 &II) (Saunders).

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

WEB LINKS:
1. http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
2. https://radiopaedia.org/
3. https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
4. https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT-303

COURSE NAME: INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY, RADIOBIOLOGY AND
RADIATION SAFETY IN RADIODIAGNOSIS IMAGING
COURSE CREDIT: 04
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS: 180 HOURS (THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 80 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1) Knowledge about radiation , its units and radiation effects on the human body.
2) To know management and positioning of patients while performing interventional radiological
procedures.
3) Knowledge of indications, contraindications, contrast media, radiation dose, exposure timing and
radiation safety measures for different interventional radiological procedures.
4) To understand the patient preparations needed before any interventional radiological examination.
5) Knowledge of post procedural care.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

Interventional radiology comprises image-guided therapeutic interventions. Access is percutaneous and

these procedures are therefore usually performed under local anaesthesia and/or sedation. Originally,
guidance was provided by X-ray fluoroscopy, but more recent procedures also employ ultrasound,
computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance. Radiation
protection aims to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure with a goal to minimize the harmful effects of
ionizing radiation. In the medical field, the use of ionizing radiation has become an inescapable tool used
for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of medical conditions.

COURSE CONTENTS:
UNIT 1.
1. Radiation Quantities and Units
Radiation- Radioactivity- Sources of radiation - natural radioactive sources -cosmic rays-terrestrial
radiation - - man made radiation sources. Units of radiation - Quality factor - Flux-Fluence-Kerma-
Exposure- Absorbed dose- Equivalent Dose- Weighting Factors-Effective Dose - Occupational Exposure
Limits - Dose limits to the public.

UNIT 2.
2. Biological Effects of radiation
Ionization, excitation and free radical formation, hydrolysis of water, action of radiation on cell -
Chromosomal aberration and its application for the biological dosimetry- Effects of whole body and

69
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

acute irradiation, dose fractionation, effects of ionizing radiation on each of major organ system
including fetus -Somatic effects and hereditary effects- stochastic and deterministic effects-Acute
exposure and chronic exposure-LD50 - factors affecting radio-sensitivity. Biological effects of non-

ionizing radiation like ultrasound, lasers, IR, UV and magnetic fields.

UNIT 3.

3. Radiation detection and Measurements: Ionization of gases- Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

-Effects on photographic emulsion. Ionization Chambers – proportional counters- G.M counters-
scintillation detectors – liquid semiconductor detectors – Gamma ray spectrometer. Measuring systems –
free air ionization chamber – thimble ion chamber – condenser chamber – Victorian electrometer –
secondary standard dosimeters – film dosimeter – chemical dosimeter- thermoluminescent Dosimeter.
-Pocket dosimeter-Radiation survey meter- wide range survey meter - zone monitor-contamination
monitor -their principle-function and uses. Advantages & disadvantages of various detectors & its
appropriateness of different detectors for different type of radiation measurement.

UNIT4

Radiation protection: Radiation protection of self and patient- Principles of radiation protection, time -
distance and shielding, shielding - calculation and radiation survey –ALARA- personnel dosimeters (TLD
and film batches)- occupational exposure

UNIT4.
INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
1. Interventional Radiology
a) Definition
b) Indication
c) Contraindication
d) Equipment’s
e) Clinical Application
f) Name of different type of procedure

70
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT5.
ANAESTHESIA IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY
1 Facilities regarding general Anesthesia in the X-ray Department.
2 Anesthetic Problems associated with specific technique-
a) Vascular Studies
b) Carotid Angiography
c) Venography
d) T and NMR

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME:

At the end of the course, students will have abundant knowledge on.
CLO1: Details knowledge of radiation, its types of radiation and unit of radiation. (UNIT1)
CLO2: Knowledge of biologicals effects to the radiation (UNIT2)
CLO3: Describe the radiation protection devices and monitoring devices. (UNIT3)
COL4: Basics of interventional radiological procedure. (UNIT4)

CLO5: Some knowledge of anaesthesia drugs in the radiology department.(UNIT5)

PRACTICAL
Involving not less than 10 numbers must be prescribed to the students. The title and nature of practical
may be framed by the respective institution conducting the course as follows-
1. Time, Dose, Shielding, Measurement of HVT & TVT
2. Familiarization of Radiation Survey meters and their functionalperformance checks
3. Radiological Protection Survey of Diagnostic X-Ray installation
4. Diagnostic Imaging: Quality Assurance – M. M Rehani
5. AERB safety requirements- Atomic Energy Act, Radiation protectionrules.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Text Book of Radiological Safety – K. Thaylan (2010) Jaypee Brothers and medical Publishers, New
Delhi.
2. Handbook of Interventional Radiologic Procedures Kandarpa
3. Radiological Procedures - A Guideline by Bhushan N. Lakhkar (Author)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Radiologic science for technologists –9edition (2008) Stewart Carlyle Bushong,
Mosby Elsevier, UK.
2. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology 1st ed. 2016 Edition
by Thomas J. Vogl (Editor), Wolfgang Reith (Editor), Ernst J. Rummeny (Editor)

WEB LINKS:
1. http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
2. https://radiopaedia.org/
3. https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
4. https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

72
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT-304

COURSE NAME: RADIOTHERAPY & BRACHYTHERAPY TECHNIQUES IN MALIGNANT
ANDNON-MALIGNANT DISEASES
COURSE CREDIT: 04
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS:150 HOURS (THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 50 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

● Demonstrate the understanding of various steps required in planning a radiotherapy treatment

process
● Be able to correctly position the patient.
● Be able to conduct the simulation and mark-up procedure for all standard treatmenttechniques
● Be able to accurately position and immobilize all patients as perinstructions.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Students will learn the principles of radiation physics as they apply to the treatment and care of the
cancer patient. Course will include a thorough review of x-ray production, fundamental principles,
concepts and terminology. Topics studied include measurements, general principles, structure of the
atom, structure of the matter, electrostatics, magnetism, electrodynamics, electromagnetism,
rectification and production and properties of radiation and radiographic techniques.

COURSE CONTENTS:
Unit 1.
Orthovoltage techniques in skin tumours, and cancers of the breast Advantages and disadvantages
of orthovoltage in radiotherapy.

Unit 2.
Tele isotope cobalt therapy techniques in skin and deep sealed tumours parallel opposed fields and
small beam directed therapy and wedge field techniques in head and neck tumours especially
cancers of larynx treatment techniques for cancer of maxillary antrum and pituitary tumours.

Unit 3.
Treatment techniques in cancer of breast by telecobalt and low energy megavoltage X-rays and
electron beams.

Unit4.
Tele and brachy-therapy techniques of treatment of different stages of carcinoma cervix uteri with
special emphasis on HDR and LDR brachytherapy.

Unit 5.
Three field techniques in cancer of esophagus and bladder.

73
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

Unit 6.
Radiotherapy technique in medulloblastoma. Whole body and hemi body radiation techniques.

Unit 7.
Treatment techniques of malignant and non-malignant conditions in ovarian and kidney tumours.

Unit 8.
Radiation treatment techniques of lymphomas with special emphasis on mantle field irradiation
radiotherapy techniques in head and neck cancer

Unit 9.
Salient features of computers in radiotherapy and its application.
1. Introduction to computer, Hardware and software components.
2. Input and output data systems computerized treatment planning systems in tale, brachytherapy
and documentations.

Unit 10.
Radiological protection
1. Dose limits of occupational workers & Publics.
2. Principle & Method of Protection.
3. Monitoring devices.

COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the course, students will have abundant knowledge on.
● CLO 1: Students in this professional degree program learn to demonstrate the appropriate
knowledge of radiation therapy procedures. (UNIT1)
● CLO2: apply principles of radiation protection for patient, self and others. (UNIT10)
● CLO3: perform radiation therapy simulation procedure; perform basic radiation therapy dose
calculations and access treatment plans. (UNIT1)
● CLO4.Tele and brachy-therapy techniques Treatment(UNIT2)
● CLO5: Knowledge of Brachytherapy is a type of internal radiation therapy that is often
used to treat cancers of the head and neck, breast, cervix, prostate, and eye. (UNIT4)
● CLO6: Radiation treatment techniques for lymphomas and head and neck cancer. (UNIT8)
● CLO7: Describe three field techniques in esophagus and urinary bladder cancer. (UNIT5)
● CLO8: Explain the orthovoltage techniques for breast cancer.(UNIT3)
● CLO9: Basic knowledge of computer in radiotherapy(UNIT9)
● CLO10: Planning of radiation therapy treatment techniques for cervix and kidneycarcinoma.
(UNIT6)

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NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

TEXTBOOK
1. Mohanti, ATextbook of Radiation Oncology
2. K.Thalayan, Textbook of Radiological Safety
3. Faiz M Khan, Textbook of Radiotherapy and Treatment Planning

4. Ballinger, Textbook of Radiation Oncology

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Brachytherapy Techniques and Evidences Editors: Yoshioka, Y., Itami, J., Oguchi, M., Nakano,
2. Brachytherapy Techniques-Müller, Reinhold g

WEB LINKS:
8. http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
9. https://radiopaedia.org/
10. https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
11. https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks

, final Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

75
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT 305

COURSE NAME:- ORIENTATION IN PARA CLINICAL SCIENCES, CLINICAL SCIENCES &
COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE
COURSE CREDIT:-4
TOTAL CONTACT HOUR: 120 HOURS (THEORY: 100 HOURS, PRACTICAL: 20 HOURS)

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

● To prepare the students' understanding in basic knowledge of pregnancy, intranatal , intrapartum

& postnatal period for women.
● To perform skills for diagnosis during pregnancy for alltrimesters.
● To make students better communicators with pregnant women while preparing them for diagnostic
purposes.
● To make students better understand a dose of drugs and their mechanism ofaction.
● To impart knowledge of various pathogenic microorganisms and address the fundamental
mechanism of their pathogenicity.
● To understand the basic pathologic process in the patient body for systemic diseases.
● To provide basic knowledge of musculoskeletal disorders , diagnosis and management of the
orthopaedics department.
● To introduce students to the basic social processes of society ,social institutions and patterns of
social behaviour.
● To enable students to cope effectively with the socio cultural and Interpersonal processes of
constantly changing complex society.

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course is designed to help students gain knowledge and understanding of study of parasites, types
, morphology and physiology of bacteria .This course provides knowledge of the pathology of systemic
diseases, treatment and mechanism of action of drugs for different dyes used in radiologic
investigation. This course helps to perform diagnostic investigation for pregnant women during
antenatal, intranatal, postnatal period .This course helps to understand the health, national health
programs, social and cultural change, consequences of the social problem in relation to sickness &
disability.

COURSE CONTENT:

UNIT1
PARASITOLOGY Entamoeba Histolytica , Leishmania, Material Parasites of man,
Helminthology,Taenia Saginata, Taenia Solium,Echinococcus granulosus,Ascaris

Lumbricoides,Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis

76
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT2
MICROBIOLOGY
Morphology & Physiology of Bacteria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Spirochetes, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

UNIT-3
VIRUS
General Properties of Virus, Herpes virus, Poliovirus, Hepatitis virus, oncogenic virus, HIV

UNIT-4 PATHOLOGY
Inflammation, Neoplasia, Osteomyelitis, Fractures, Osteoporosis, Rickets, Osteomalacia,Tumours of
Bone, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gout, Osteoarthritis.

UNIT5
PHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacokinetics of Drugs
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Adverse drug reactions & Management ,Pharmacology of different dyes used in Radiological
procedures

UNIT6
MEDICINE
Pericarditis, Valvular diseases, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Heart failure, Chronic Bronchitis,
Emphysema, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Pleural effusion, Empyema, Spontaneous
Pneumothorax

UNIT-7
Achalasia cardia, Peptic ulcer, Intestinal obstruction, Crohn’s disease ,Ulcerative colitis, Pancreatitis,
Portal Hypertension, Ascitis, Cirrhosis, Cholecystitis

UNIT-8
UTI
Glomerulonephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome, Urinary calculi, Polycystic Kidney disease, Cerebral
Vascular Disorders, Meningitis, Encephalitis
ORTHOPAEDICS
Fracture,Type Mechanism, Healing, Delayed Union, Non- complication, Injuries of the shoulder girdle,
Dislocation of shoulder, Number of Humerus, Elbow Forearm,Number of Distal Radius & ulna,
Injuries of the carpal, Dislocation of Hip, Femur, Tibia, Ankle, calcaneum, Acute & chronic
osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Paget’s Disease, Ankylosing spondylitis, Club foot, Bone
Tumour-Benign Malignant

77
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIT- 9

Surgery, Cholelithiasis, Peritonitis, Supraphrenic Abscess, Appendicitis, Benign Hypertrophy prostate,

Sinusitis

UNIT10.

OBSTETRICS
Diagnosis of Pregnancy, Normal Labour
Definition of Health, Determinants of Health, Health Indicators of India, Health Team Concept.
National Health Policy
National Health Programmers (Briefly Objectives and Scope)
Population of India and Family welfare programme in India.
Family:
The family, meaning and definitions
Functions of types of family
Changing family patterns
Influence of family on Individuals Health, family and nutrition, the effects of sickness in the family
and psychosomatic disease and their Importance to physiotherapy.
Community:
Rural community: Meaning and features – Health hazards to rural communities, health hazards to tribal
communities.
Urban community – Meaning and features – Health hazards of urbanities
Culture and Health Disorders
Social Change:
Meaning of social changes
Factors of social changes
Human adaptation and social changes
Social changes and stress
Social changes and deviance
Social changes and health programme
The role of social planning in the Improvement of health and rehabilitation
Social Problems of disabled:
Consequences of the following social problems in relation to sickness and disability
Population explosion.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOS):

● CLO-1: Gaining knowledge for types of parasite and relateddiseases.(UNIT-1)
● CLO-2: Gaining knowledge and understanding morphology and physiology of bacteria & their
pathogenicity.( UNIT - II)
● CLO-3 : Getting knowledge to understand the pathogenesis of viral infection.(UNIT-III)
● CLO-4: Demonstrate skills and knowledge the methodological approaches in radiologic
investigation of infectious disease(UNIT-IV)
● CLO- 5: Gaining understanding for pathology of systemic diseasesand related diagnostic

78
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

investigation.( UNIT - VI)

● CLO- 6: Describe pathologic processes that apply to individual patients, analyse laboratories and
clinical data. (UNIT - VII)
● CLO- 7:Gaining knowledge & understanding mechanism of action of drugs, side-effects,
indications for different dyes used in radiologic investigation. (UNIT -V)
● CLO-8:Demonstrate the ability and skills for orthopaedic disorder & their related diagnostic
procedures.(UNIT- VIII)
● CLO-9:Understanding and skills about pregnancy and diagnostic procedure for all trimester.(
UNIT - IX)
● CLO -10: Describe population and policy and apply this to critically evaluate the complexity of
Policy and human population issues.(UNIT-IX)
● CLO-11: Ability to discuss the social history of emunsements and conditions necessary to create a
truly 'popular culture.(UNIT -IX)
● CLO- 12: Ability to understand changing the family patterns.(UNIT-IX)

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Robbins & Cotran, Pathologic Basis & Diseases

2. Harsh Mohan, Pathologic Basis & Diseases
3. Todd & Sanford, Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Method
4. Ramanik Sood, Laboratory Technology Methods and Interpretation
5. Anand Narayan and Panikar, Textbook ofMicrobiology
6. Baweja, Medical Microbiology
7. Arora, Medical Lab Technology
8. Krishna Das, Textbook of Medicine
9. Kathale, Essentials of clinical medicine
10. Gopalan, Handbook of Orthopaedics
11. Shenoy, Essential of Orthopaedics
12. K.Perks ,Textbook of Preventive Social Medicine 12.Sunder Lal ,Adarsh, Pandey
13. Jacob Anthikad textbook of psychology andsociology.
14. Harsh mohan textbook of pathology.

REFERENCES BOOK:
1. DC Dutta's textbook of obstetrics, Hiralalal konar 6th edition , Jaypeepublication.
2. Annamma Jacob , midwifery & gynaecology nursing , Jaypeepublication.
3. Farsi & Lewis's textbook of pathology

79
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

WEB LINKS:
1. www.slideshare.com
2. www.wikipedia.com
3. YouTube/prepmedic

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks , final

Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

80
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: BMRIT-306

COURSE NAME: PRACTICAL (MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND RECENT TRENDS IN
IMAGING)
COURSE CREDIT: 04
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS: 100

Practical involving not less than 10 numbers must be prescribed to the students. The title and nature of
practical may be framed by the respective institution conducting the course.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Explore significant technology innovations that will help improve diagnosis while keeping dose as low as
possible. They are:
● Faster acquisition enables improved image quality
● Gains in optimal dose efficiency
● 2D image capture evolving to 3D
● AI as a supplemental lens for medical image analysis

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
A large variety of imaging techniques is an integral part of modern medicine. Introducing radiological
imaging techniques into the dissection course serves as a basis for improved learning of anatomy and
multidisciplinary learning in pre-clinical medical education.

COURSE CONTENTS:
• MAMMOGRAPHY:
o Clinical demonstration of special views of mammography
o Quality control and quality check of mammography tube

• ULTRASONOGRAPHY/ DOPPLER STUDIES:

o Clinical demonstration and preparation needed for ultrasound procedure
o Clinical demonstration of Doppler study
• CT Scan:
o Clinical demonstration and preparation needed for CT protocols
o Quality control and quality check for CT gantry
• MRI scan:
o Clinical demonstration and preparation needed for MRI protocols
o Quality control and quality check for MRI machine
• ANGIOGRAPHY STUDIES:
o Clinical demonstration and preparation needed for angiographic procedures

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

● CLO1: Ability to properly perform a mammogram

● CLO2: Recognize the risks of mammography
● CLO3: Understand ultrasound principles and explain the basic physical properties of ultrasound

81
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. MEDICAL RADIOLOGY IMAGING & TECHNOLOGY

● CLO4: Describe various types of ultrasound-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

● CLO5: Recognize protocols needed for Computed Tomography examination
● CLO6:Prepare and positioning for Computed Tomography examination
● CLO7: Recognize protocols needed for Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination.
● CLO8: Prepare and positioning for Magnetic Resonance Imaging examination.

TEXT BOOKS :
1. .Stuwart C Bushong MRI Physics and Biological Principle
2. Catherine Westbrook & Caralyn Kaut MRI in Practice
3. Christensen, Curry & Dowdey : An Introduction of Physics to Diagnostic Radiography
4. Seeram CT, Euclid Seeram
5. Spiral CT protocols- a practical approach – Jaypee publications

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Frederick W Kremkau Diagnostic Ultrasound Principles and Instruments
2. Roger C. Sounders: Clinical Sonography : A Practical Guide (Little Brown & Company)
3. Palmer : Manual of Diagnostic Ultrasound (WHO)
4. James A Sorenson, Simon R Cherry, Michael E Phelps Physics in Nuclear Medicine:,
5. Gopal B Saha Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy
6. Catherine Westbrook Protocols in MRI
7. Bradley Physics of MRI
8. Spiral CT protocols- a practical approach – Jaypee publications
9. sTomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Whole Body (Vol.1 &II) (Saunders).

WEB LINKS:
1. http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Main_Page
2. https://radiopaedia.org/
3. https://quizlet.com/408928314/radiology-flash-cards/
4. https://www.radiologyeducation.com/

Assessment method (Continue Internal Assessment=25 Marks , final

Examination=75 Marks )

S.no. Internal Assessment Marks

1. Attendance 5
2. Extracurricular Activities 5
3. Assignment/quiz/Test 5
4. Internal Examination 10

82
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

PRACTICAL
Skills based outcomes and monitor able indicators for Medical Radiology and Imaging
Technologist

Competency statements
1. Should be able to undertake Mammography, CT scan and MRIprocedures
independently.
2. Assist in specialised radiological procedures.
3. Able to do the image processing.
4. Should be able to handle all radiological and imaging equipment independently.
5. Should ensure radiation protection and quality assurance
6. Undertake care and maintenance of all radiological and imaging equipment
7. Able to evaluate images for technical quality
8. Able to identify and manage emergency situations.
9. Able to receive and document verbal, written and electronic ordersin thepatient’s
medical record.
10. Implements health and safety procedures
11. Demonstrates ability to interpret, apply and disseminate information as a member of the
medical imaging team
12. Ensures radiation protection legislation is adhered to
13. Demonstratesknowledgeandskillstocarryoutthedaily/weekly Quality Control(QC)
checks
14. Participates in research activities

S. Learning Applications / synthesis

Knowledge/comprehension Hours
no. Outcomes /evaluation
Determining x-ray, CT scan
Identify the area for treatment.
or MRI scan needs of patient
Be able to interpret Understand and interpret
1 and evaluate a Quantify the practical problems instructions and requirements 200
prescription associated with machine and documented by the
accessory equipment limitations physician in the patient’s
prescription
Reliably perform all non-
Selecting and performing basic views contrast plain Radiography,
(projections) and conventional conventional contrast
contrast
studiesandnon-contrastplain
Operate and studies using appropriate radiographic
parameters and equipment radiography in special
oversee operation
2 situations 200
of radiologic
Control and manipulate
equipment Carrying out routine proceduresfor
parameters associated with
troubleshooting and maintenance of
exposure and processing
imaging
to produce a required image
and processing systems
of desirable quality
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

S. Learning Applications / synthesis

Knowledge/comprehension Hours
no. Outcomes /evaluation
Apply quality control
procedures for all radiologic
equipment

Recognizetheimportanceofaccurate
Construct the most
transfer of information to allow for
appropriate device for the
accurate treatment set-up
individual patient within the
according to the treatment plan and
context of the protocol
Be able to transfer prescription
all relevant Know what should be Apply the necessary
3 information and included precautions in production 100
complete accurate Implement correct QC,
documentation Know to whom or where the
storage and handling
documentation and
procedures for shielding
information should be sent
devices
Beawareofthelegalissuesrelatingto
documentation
Construct the most
Know the shielding appropriate device for the
devices/methods available individual patient within the
context of the protocol
Be able to prepare
Apply the necessary
4 the diagnostic Know how to use these devices 100
precautions in production
machinery
Implement correct QC,
Recognize the associated storage and handling
health and safety issues procedures for
immobilization devices
Participate in the organization
Recognizetheimportance ofteam
of the daily work schedule to
Be able to carry out interactions
maximize efficiency
the daily
5 organization of the Explaintheprinciplesofeffective Inform the patient about the 50
treatment communication procedure
Unit
Review the individual patient
requirements
Interpret thediagnosticplan
Be able to Able to interpret the set-up
and set-up the patient
accurately and information
accordingly
consistently set-up
6 Apply knowledge of radiographic 200
and produce a good
imaging to the production of Carrying out quality control
quality radiological
radiographs tests on images obtained
image
and the assessment of image quality
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

S. Learning Applications / synthesis

Knowledge/comprehension Hours
no. Outcomes /evaluation
Explain the anatomic and
Be familiar with the treatment plan physiological basis of the
procedure to be
undertaken
Identify and explain the
Identify preparatory
possiblesideeffectstoeach
procedures
patient
Check all preparatory
Be able to prepare procedures have been
and position the completed
7 patient for the Identify the patient in 200
procedure Befamiliarwiththediagnosticplans accordance with recognized
for all patients on the
procedures and consistent
treatment unit
with the department protocol
Recognizethesignsandsymptoms Analyze the information and
associated with integrate to define the optimal
treatment in different sites patient position
Discuss the importance of Interpret the diagnostic plan
patientidentification andhowit and use the equipment
should be carried out accordingly
Recognize the importance of accurate Complete the treatment
documentation documentation accurately
Know what should be Ensure all legal requirements
Be able to complete
included have been met
accurate
8 Beawareofthelegalissuesrelatingto 50
treatment
treatment
documentation
documentation
List support groups that might benefit
patients
Advise patient on
appropriate
Explain the impact of
nutrition, sexual Assess the patient’s
9 nutritional statusonpatient tolerance 50
function, rest, skin nutritional status
of treatment
care, nausea and
other symptoms
Identify needs and
Monitor treatment process/outcomes expectations ofpatient/health
care professionals
Monitor and assure Identify problems in treatment Solve treatment
10 process/outcome problems 50
quality process/outcomes

Knowwhat patient care is relevant Evaluate potential solutions

for the procedure thoroughly
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

S. Learning Applications / synthesis

Knowledge/comprehension Hours
no. Outcomes /evaluation
Define and explain the data that must Check and verify all
Be able to carry out
be transferred parameters
11 the necessary data 50
transfer checks Confirm approval and
signatures
Apply knowledge of radiographic Perform X-ray film / image
imaging to the production of processing techniques
radiographs (including dark room
and the assessment of image quality techniques)
Be able to process
12 Control and manipulate parameters 50
radiographic images
associated with exposure and
Acquire an appropriate image
processing
as per instructions
to produce a required image of
desirable quality
Promptlyrecognizeandassessthe Know the correct medications
Recognise contrast reactions and other treatment options
13 induced adverse Recognise the 50
reactions Taking precautionary measures to
contraindications of allergic
avoid the reactions
reactions

Recognize the critical Make corrections in

Be able to carry out
structures on the verification images accordancewiththeprotocol
14 corrective actions 50
as per instructions
Identify the correct imaging protocol Record any corrections

Be able to
Assess the safety features to
implement health Explainthehealthandsafetyissues
15 ensure they are in place and 50
and safety for patients and staff
adhered to
Procedures
Be able to interpret, Identify the appropriate
apply and Define and explain the data that must personneltowhomspecific
disseminate be disseminated information should be
16 information as a disseminated 50
member of the Communicate the correct,
medical imaging relevant and appropriate
team information
Explain the legal and ethical Practice in accordance with
guidelines related to the legislation regulations and
Be able to profession ethical guidelines
demonstrate Be aware of your own Promote collaborative
17 100
professional competency levels practice
behavior Identifytheelementsthatreflect
professional
appearance and manner
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

S. Learning Applications / synthesis

Knowledge/comprehension Hours
no. outcomes /evaluation
Explain the components of Self-awareness of their own
good communication personality traits
Be able to Analyze how the differences
demonstrate a Describe the main personality types in personality influence
18 50
sensitive and caring approach
attitude to patients Be aware of the patient’ gender, age,
cultural background, educational level
and social situation
Routinely inspectthearea to
Describe the radiation ensure that radiation
Be able to ensure
hazards and how they are managed protection measures arein
radiation protection
19 place and functional 50
legislation is
Explain the legislation
adhered to
relating to radiation
protection
Be able to carry out
Explain Quality Management
the Perform the
System (QMS), Quality
20 daily/weekly daily/weekly/monthly QC 50
Assurance (QA) and Quality
Quality Control procedures
Control (QC
(QC) checks
Identify the appropriate
Be able to review Define searchtermsforspecific
21 literature in the area of 30
the literature treatment sites
interest
Be able to suggest Evaluate research with
22 implementation of Identify relevant sources of Research respect to current 10
research findings departmental practice
Be able to suggest/ Identifyliteraturetosupportresearch Reviewtheliteratureinthe
initiate topics for proposal area
23 10
medical imaging Define the necessary steps in
Formulate a research question
research preparing and carrying out research
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

Job Description for all levels (Proposed)

Level 4

1. The post of JMRIT with DMRIT qualification shall be available in PHC, Civil hospital only.
2. Should be able to perform radiographic procedures and assist in other radiological procedures
apart from care and maintenance of equipments, Interpret the requisition form,
3. These tasks will be performed under the supervision of a qualified Medical Radiology and
Imaging Technologist (MRIT) or medical specialists.
4. To enter report on Radiology Info. System (RIS), answering telephone requests from medical and
nursing staff, providing results from the Radiology IT system and relaying routine information
where appropriate.
5. Maintaining stock levels of some in-use consumables which will require a lifting, carrying and
issuing from the store.
6. To undertake training and competency assessment in relevant tasks
7. Assist in the training of new staff in the Reception area and acclimatize them in their place of
posting.
8. To refer to a senior member of staff when a matter is beyond their level of competence
9. To participate in audit
10. To participate in annual staff performance reviews
11. Must enjoy interacting with others and be team players. They must also be polite and be able to
calm and placate upset individuals. They should be able to remain standing for long periods of
time and must have strength to transfer and position patients for scans. They should have the
capacity to visualize two and three-dimensional spatial relationships.

Level 5

In addition to level 4 must be able to perform:

1. Mammography, CT scan and MRI independently
2. Assist in specializedradiological procedures.
3. Image processing, Computer skills
4. Independent handling of all radiological and imaging equipment
5. Ensure radiation protection and quality assurance
6. Care and maintenance of all radiological and imaging equipment
7. Evaluating images for technicalquality
8. Ensuring proper identification,
9. Identifying and managing emergencysituations.
10. Receiving and documenting verbal, written and electronic orders in the patient’s medical record.

Level 6

In addition to level 5
1. Verifying informed consent, assuming responsibility for patient needs during procedures,
preparing patients for procedures.
2. Applying principles of ALARA to minimize exposure to patient, self and others. Starting and
maintaining intravenous access as prescribed, Identifying, preparing and/or administering
medications as prescribed
3. Evaluating images for technical quality, ensuring proper identification is recorded.
4. Identifying and managing emergency situations.
5. Providing education. Educating and monitoring students and other health care providers.
6. Performing ongoing quality assuranceactivities.
7. Performing diagnostic radiographic and non-interpretive fluoroscopic procedures.
8. Orientation and teaching students and new employees.
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

9. Research and development of new techniques and procedures as assigned.

10. Follows established safety practices including biohazards, exposure control plan
11. Promotes effective working relationships and works effectively as part of a department / unit /
team inter and intra departmentally to facilitate the department/unit’s ability to meet its goals and
objectives.
12. Attends all in service education required as per hospital policy.
13. Demonstrates respect and regard for the dignity of all patients, families, visitors and fellow
employees to ensure a professional, responsible and courteous environment.
14. To supervise and allocate responsibilities to level 4 and level 5.

Level 7

In addition to level 6 responsibilities, level 7 will perform as under

1. Employ professional judgment to adapt imaging procedures to improve diagnostic quality
2. Determines the need for and selects supplies, accessory equipment, shielding and immobilization
devices.
3. Determines the course of action for an emergency or problem situation. Determines that all
procedural requirements are in place to achieve a quality diagnostic.
4. Reviews lab reports prior to administering medication and beginning specialized radiologic
procedures.
5. Determines type and dose of contrast agent to be administered, based on the patient’s age,
weight and medical/physical status.
6. Verifies that exposure indicator data for digital radiographic systems has not been altered or
modified and is included in the Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine (DICOM) header
and on images printed
7. Analyzes digital images to determine utilization of appropriate imaging parameters.
8. To ensure implementation of internal quality control and quality assurance programmes.
9. To perform all such duties to ensure continued enhancement in the quality of patient care
through efficient Health care delivery system.
10. To assist the ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS / PROFESSORS / HEADS OF THE
DEPARTMENT in Complete management of a Full-time Unit in such a way that there is no
“Medical Negligence” in patient care service as a result of breach / violation / infringement of
any Act / Code of professional ethics which brings disgrace to the reputation of the Institute /
Hospital.
11. It is binding to attend to Emergency calls as and when required even beyond duty hours.
12. To provide the Radiology records as and when required by the Administration.
13. To suggest / recommend use of certain managerial tools / techniques / skills to upgrade the
quality of patient care services.
14. To ensure implementation of quality control and quality assurance procedures as per
requirements including calibration of instrument.

Level 8

In addition to supervisory responsibilities of at level 7, will perform as under:

1. Procurement and Purchase of Equipment, prescribing Technical Specifications ,
2. Supervision of subordinates with specialized role in advanced Radiological & Imaging
Modalities.
3. Incorporating new design and ideas,
4. Conflict management,
5. Handling of Medical Legal cases and coordinate with the hospital administration
6. Participation in CPD, National Conferences / International Conference and Publications etc.
7. Ensures orientation and training of students/ new recruits.
8. Participation in Research and development.
9. To perform all such duties to ensure continued enhancement in the quality of patient care
through efficient Health care delivery system.
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

10. In Complete management of a Full-time Unit in such a way that there is no “Negligence” in
patient care service as a result of breach / violation / infringement of any Act / Code of
professional ethics which brings disgrace to the reputation of the Institute / Hospital.
11. It is binding to attend to Emergency calls as and when required even beyond duty hours.
12. To provide the radiology records as and when required by the Administration.
13. To suggest / recommend use of certain managerial tools / techniques / skills to upgrade the
quality of patient care services.
14. To ensure implementation of quality control and quality assurance procedures as per
requirements including calibration of instrument.
15. Supervise the Work of Assistant Professors, Students
16. To assist the head of the department perform all such duties to ensure continued enhancement in
the quality of performance of teaching as well as non-teaching staff of the Department.
17. Planning, proposing, processing the proposals, procuring & to supervise maintenance of
equipment & instruments.
18. To work on various Hospital/Institute Committees like Local Tender Committee, Radiation
safety committee Hospital Infection Control Committee, Grievance Committee, Sexual
Harassment Committee etc.
19. To exercise authority in Administrative control of the Department :
a) To maintain ‘Personal Files’ of all teaching as well as non-teaching staff of the Dept.
b) To recommend or refuse any kind of Leave (Casual Leave/Special Leave/Earned Leave to
any staff member of the Dept. as per rules in that regard.
20. To maintain Muster Roll of teaching as well as non-teaching staff of the Department; to conduct
periodic audit of the timings of arrival / departure of the staff; to mark any Sanctioned Leave or
Absence Without Leave (AWL) – which is Unauthorised Absence – of the employee as the case
may be and to report to the Competent Leave-sanctioning Authority i.e. Dean, any irregularity in
attendance or punctuality in respect of a defaultingemployee.
21. To serve a memorandum to the undisciplined employee giving him / her a chance to improve.
22. To write annual ‘Confidential Report’ (Performance Appraisal / Work Audit) of the employees
working in the Dept. as well as your own “Self-Appraisal / Assessment” as per the guiding
principles in that regard; to inform the erring member about the adverse remarks, if any,
immediately through a memorandum.
23. To organise / conduct / encourage “Core Competency Development Programmes” for Faculty
Development; also training programmes for other non-teaching staff of the Dept.
24. Whenever ordered by the higher authorities , to conduct “Preliminary Inquiry” into a particular
untoward incidence or in respect of a particular employee and to submit report in time as per the
rules in that regard.
Level 9

1. In addition to level 8 responsibilities, level 9 (MRIT CTO) will perform as under:

2. Sorting of anomalies and Discrepancies if any in Breakdown of Equipment and Maintenance
Contracts.
3. Ensures overall performance of Radiology and Imaging as per Good Radiological Practice.
4. Attend and organize various in-service Workshops and up gradation required from time to time.
5. To direct and allocate responsibilities to staffthrough level 8.
6. To undertake any task entrusted by AHP Board like working on “Inspection Committee” for
Laboratories in other Institutes/Hospitals with the permission of the Principal/Dean /Director
or any other competent authority.
7. Participation and to ensure Research and development i.e. Research Projects & their presentation
at various National/ international Conferences and its publication and to participate in various
“Research committees”.
8. To undertake any other task entrusted by University/ Institute like working on “Local Inquiry
Committee”, “Ethics Committee”, and “Staff Welfare-related Committees” and to enforce
discipline among departmental staff.
9. To perform all such duties as at level 8 to ensure continued improvement in the quality of
Medical Education & Research.
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

10. Teaching & training Undergraduate students including Interns/ Postgraduate students so as to
achieve the Educational Objectives i.e. to develop their knowledge, skills & attitude.
11. To do periodic evaluation / assessment through examination/to conduct examination/to
maintain attendance & academic (including Internship) record of individual Undergraduate &
Postgraduate student for the minimum period as per Govt. rules.
12. To work on the College Council , Undergraduate & Postgraduate Academic Committees ,
Medical Education, Library Committee , toorganize/ participate inteaching programmes like
Lectures / Tutorials/Group Discussions Demonstrations/ Practicals and other academic
activities like Seminars / Symposia / Panel Discussions / Workshops / Guest Lectures /
Conferences/ Continuing Medical Education Programmesetc. andtomaintaina Departmental
Library for students as well as teaching staff.
13. To participate in conduct academic Examinations of other State Health Universities / National
Board as an External Examiner with the permission / under the direction of the Dean availing
the facility of Special leave.
14. To undertake any task entrusted by AHP Board like working on “Inspection Committee” for
inspection of Colleges in other States with the permission of the Principal/Dean/Director.
15. To undertake any other task entrusted by University/ Institute like working on “Local Inquiry
Committee” for inspection of Colleges.
16. To conduct Research Projects – clinical research, and contribute to medical knowledge by
scientific paper publications in indexed journals & their presentation at various local / state /
international Conferences.
17. To work on various Research-related Committees like Ethics Committee , Research Society of
the institute
18. To work on various Students’ Welfare-related Committees like “Anti-Ragging Committee” and
to enforce discipline among medical students.
19. To perform all such duties to ensure continued enhancement in the quality of patient care
through efficient Health care delivery system.
20. In Complete management of a Full-time Unit in such a way that there is no “Negligence” in
patient care service as a result of breach / violation / infringement of any Act / Code of
professional ethics which brings disgrace to the reputation of the Institute / Hospital.
21. It is binding to attend to Emergency calls as and when required even beyond duty hours.
22. To provide the radiology records as and when required by theAdministration.
23. To suggest / recommend use of certain managerial tools / techniques / skills to upgrade the
quality of patient care services.
24. To ensure implementation of quality control and quality assurance procedures as per
requirements including calibration of instrument.
25. Supervise the Work of Assistant , Associate Professors, Students
26. To assist the head of the department perform all such duties to ensure continued enhancement in
the quality of performance of teaching as well as non-teaching staff of the Department.
27. Planning, proposing, processing the proposals, procuring & to supervise maintenance of
equipment & instruments.
28. To work on various Hospital/Institute Committees like Local Tender Committee, Hospital
Infection Control Committee, Grievance Committee, Sexual Harassment Committee etc.
29. To exercise authority in Administrative control of the Department :
30. To maintain ‘Personal Files’ of all teaching as well as non-teaching staff of the Dept.
31. To recommend or refuse any kind of Leave (Casual Leave/Special Leave/Earned Leave to any
staff member of the Dept. as per rules in that regard.
32. To maintain Muster Roll of teaching as well as non-teaching staff of the Department; to conduct
periodic audit of the timings of arrival / departure of the staff; to mark any Sanctioned Leave or
Absence Without Leave (AWL) – which is Unauthorized Absence – of the employee as the case
may be and to report to the Competent Leave-sanctioning Authority i.e. Dean, any irregularity in
attendance or punctuality in respect of a defaultingemployee.
33. To serve a memorandum to the undisciplined employee giving him / her a chance to improve.
34. To write annual ‘Confidential Report’ (Performance Appraisal /Work Audit) of the employees
working in the Dept. as well as your own “Self-Appraisal / Assessment” as per the guiding
principles in that regard; to inform the erring member about the adverse remarks, if any,
immediately through a memorandum.
NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – B.SC. RADIOLOGY& IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

35. To organize / conduct / encourage “Core Competency Development Programmes” for Faculty
Development; also training programmes for other non-teaching staff of the Dept.
36. Whenever ordered by the higher authorities , to conduct “Preliminary Inquiry” into a particular
untoward incidence or in respect of a particular employee and to submit report in time as per the
rules in that regard.

Level 10
1. Overall operation and administration
Take responsibility for overall operation and administration of radiology unit, including
employment of personnel competent to perform test procedures, record and report test results,
promptly, accurately and proficiently.
2. Definition/retention of others’ duties
If desired, delegate / Specify / reapportion, in writing responsibilities, authorities and duties of
each consultant and person engaged in any phase of testing.
3. Licensure and accreditation
Assure compliance with applicable regulations.
4. Personnel Management & Authorization
Identify which examinations and procedures each individual is authorized to perform.
5. Training & Competency Assessment
Ensure all personnel have appropriate education, experience and training for type & complexity
of services, in order to perform testing reliably and report accurate results.
6. Supervision
Ensure on-site supervision of high complexity testing. Identify supervision required for specimen
processing, test performance or result reporting. Identify supervisory or director review required
prior to reporting patient test results.
7. Adequate and Appropriate Staffing
Employ sufficient/appropriate personnel with education, training, and experience to provide
consultation, supervise and perform tests, and report test results.
8. Monitoring Competency
Ensure policies and procedures for monitoring individuals to assure competency and to assure
identification of needs for remedial training or continuing education.
9. Facilities & Safety
Ensure physical and environmental conditions are appropriate and provide a safe environment in
which employees are protected from physical, chemical, and biological hazards.
10. Quality Management System
Ensure that all the services of the imaging department are as per Quality Management system
which includes: Quality control, Quality assurance, Quality improvement, proficiency testing etc.
etc.
11. Interaction withothers
Relate and function effectively with accrediting regulatory agencies, administrative officials,
medical community, medical device industry, and patient population.
12. Strategic Planning
Perform planning for setting goals and developing and allocating resources appropriate to
Institute/hospital/Diagnostic laboratory environment i.e. Operational Management + Financial
Management +
13. Administration and Management
Provide effective and efficient administration, including budget planning and control with
responsible financial management. Define, implement, and monitor standards of performance in
cost-effectiveness of lab services.
14. Research and Development
Plan and direct research and development appropriate to the facility.
15. Education Ensure proper planning and implementation of teaching system for Medical Radiology and
imaging Technology students/staff, and participate in educational programs of the institution