UNIT 11 MARC-21 CATALOGUING

Structure
11.0 Objectives
11.1 Introduction
11.2 MARC Standards
11.3 MARC 21 Structure
11.4 MARC 21 Tags and Subfields
11.5 Summary
11.6 Answers to Self Check Exercises
11.7 Keywords
11.8 References and Further Reading
Appendix

11.0 OBJECTIVES
After reading this Unit, you will be able to:

• identify the main elements in the MARC 21 bibliographic format;

• understand how MARC 21 encodes bibliographic content;

• learn strategies for "reading" a MARC 21 record; and .

• prepare MARC21 records.

11.1 INTRODUCTION
The bibliographic description of a document includes all the data elements necessary
to uniquely identify it, along with its access points. Bibliographic description is based
on an internationally agreed standard (lSBD). While practicing cataloguing withAACR
2R through units 8-10 in this block you learnt that the basic elements of a card
catalogue are:

1) Main entry (heading section, either author or title)

2) Title and statement of responsibility (author and other collaborators)

3) Imprint (Publication details)

4) Physical description

5) Note
6) Resource identifiers (Class number, book number and Accession )

7) Subjects
8) Access points (name, title or other elements as added entries)

AACR2 and MARC are two different entities. AACR2 provides rules for describing
items in a catalog record whereas, MARC is a communication standard and provides
a framework for catalogue record .
.
MARC is the basic format for representing library resources in the catalog. For
records entered into an online catalog, the MARC format is generally used. MARC
93
Cataloguing - AACR II and is a generic term loosely used to refer to all standard machine readable formats
MARC 21
developed by international agencies viz. UNIMARC, LCMARC, USMARC,
MARC 21 as well as all national level MARC standards. In this unit we will discuss
MARC 21 format and learn the process of cataloguing with it.

11.2 MARC STANDARDS

MARC (MAchine Readable Cataloguing) is a standard for the description of items
catalogued by libraries and used for the exchange of bibliographic information among
automated library systems. During 1966-1968.

It was developed by Henriette i\vram at Library of Congress as pilot project to create

records that can be read and interpreted by computers, and also shared among
libraries. It was used for automation of process to print cards or catalogs (book
catalogs, microfiche catalogs, etc.)

By 1971, MARC formats evolved as a national standard for dissemination

of bibliographic data in the United States, and gradually became an international
standard by 1973. Several versions of MARC developed around the world at national
and international level (LC MARC in the 1960s, US MARC in the 1980s, MARC
21 in late 1990s). MARC 21 is a result of the harmonization ofU.S. and Canadian
MARC formats and UNIMARC (widely used in Europe) is the current and most
predominant standard now. The MARC 21 standards include formats for authority
records, holdings records, classification schedules, and community information, in
addition to the format for bibliographic records.

MARC is the basic format for representing the library's resources in the catalog.
However, not everything in MARC is captured on OPAC display of a record. MARC
allows the information contained in a catalog record (or bibliographic record) to be
exchanged between systems. This has facilitated copy cataloguing which enables
you to import records from LOC or OCLC.

There are five widely used MARC 21 communication formats for the representation
and exchange of bibliographic, authority, holdings, classification, and community
information data in machine-readable form.

11.3 MARC 21 STRUCTURE

The structure of a MARC record is divided into three elements:

• Record structure - It is the overall framework for the record based on

international standard Formatfor Information Exchange (ISO 2709) and
its American counterpart, Bibliographic Information Interchange (ANSII
NISO Z39.2).

• Content designation - set of symbols by which data in the record are identified
and manipulated. Codes and conventions are established explicitly to identify
and further characterise the data elements within a record and to support the
manipulation of that data.

• Data content of the record - record-specific information field by field. This is

based on external standards such as the International Standard Bibliographic
Description (ISBD), Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) or other
94
 cataloging rules, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), any subject MARC-21 Cataloguing
thesauri, and classification schedules used by the organization that creates a
record(DDC, UDC etc.).

Record structure of a MARC record includes the leader, which identifies the beginning
of a new record. Record structure also includes the record directory. Content
Designation has both fixed fields and variable fields. Data Content comprises
, description, subject headings, classification numbers; and main and added entries. A
MARC 21 record in its communication format therefore comprises three basic
sections of data:

1) Leader

2) Directory

3) Data Content

We will elaborate each of these sections in the following paragraphs:

1) Leader: first 24 characters (character positions 00-23 of each bibliographic

record) of a record contains data related to the record length, type of record,
bibliographic level, encoding level, descriptive cataloguing form, etc. It consists
of data elements that contain numbers or coded values that defme the parameters
for the processing of the record. This is something that catalogers do not have
much control. Only a few coded data are needed to be determined by the
cataloguer viz. type of record, bibliographic level.

2) Directory/Record directory: The directory begins immediately after the leader.

The directory consists of several 12 character entries. It is generated by the
computer for locating data fields with the help of their address. The address
mechanism comprises three components- field tag, field length and starting
position, which are place consecutively without any space in between. The first
3-digit of each entry contains tag. Following each tag the next four positions
show the length of the field and the next five positions tell the starting point for
this field. It also contains 12 characters. Field terminators mark the end of the
directory.

3) Data Content: This section has the related bibliographic data as data fields.
The data in a MARC record is organised into variable fields, each identified by
a 3-digit tag that is stored in the Directory entry for the field. Each field ends
with a field terminator character. The last variable field in a record ends with a
field terminator and with a record terminator. Two types of variable fields are
found: Variable control fields and Variable Data fields. The variable control
fields may contain either a single data element or a series of fixed-length data
elements identified by relative character position. These fields are identified by
field tag but they do not contain indicator or subfield codes. Variable Data fields
are also identified by a field tag. Two kinds of content designation are used
within variable data fields: indicators and subfield codes. The indicators are two
one-character positions that contain values that interpret the data found in the
field. Every field does not have the indicator. Each subfield code i preceded by
a character called delimiter and is followed by an alphabetic or numeric character.

The following table illustrates some sample MARC tags with the indicators and
subfields.

95
Cataloguing -AACR 11and Table 11.1: Sample MARC Tags with Indicators and Subfields
MARC 21
Main Entry Ist Indicator 2nd Indicator Subtields
Personal name 0 Forename Blank a Name (NR)
lOO(NR) 1 SU111ame q Qualification (NR)
3 Family c Titles r e.g. King] (R)
d Dates (NR)
Corporate name
lOO(NR) 0 Inverted name Blank a Name(NR)
1 Jurisdiction name b Subordinate unit (R)
2 Name in direct order n Number(R)
d Date (R)
c Location (NR)
Meeting name
III(NR) o Inverted name Blank a Name(NR)
1 Jurisdiction name n Number(R)
2 Name in direct order d Date(R)
c Location (NR)
e Subordinate unit (R)
Conference name
III(NR) o Inverted name Blank a Name(NR)
I Jurisdiction name n Number(R)
2 Name in direct order d Date (R)
c Location (NR)
e Subordinate unit (R)
Uniform title
130(NR) 0-9 Nonfiling characters Blank a Title (NR)
n Number of part of work (R)
p Name of part of work (R)
1 Language (NR)
s Version (NR)
k Form subheading (R)
[ Date of work (NR)

Sample catalogue entry from Library of Congress is reproduced below both in general
format and the MARC format to illustrate the representation of a MARC bibliographic
record. Fig. 11.1 shows the LC online catalogue entry for a book.

Personal name Herath, R. M., author.

Main title Cost & return of agricultural crop production: paddy other
field crops vegetables / by Dr. R.M. Herath, V.D. Nirusha
Ayoni ; assistance, S. Mathangaweera.
PublishedlProduced Peradeniya : Socio Economics and Planning Centre,
Department of Agriculture, 2011.
Description vi, 46 pages; 21 cm
Portion of title Cost and return of agricultural crop production
Cover title Crop enterprise budget
Related names Nirusha Ayoni, V. D., author.
Mathangaweera, S., author.
Sri Lanka. Socio-Economics and Planning Centre, issuing
body.
96
Notes Includes statistical tables. . MARC·21 Cataloguing

Reproduction Library of Congress - New Delhi Overseas Office

no.! Source

LCCN 2012354742
Geographic area a-ce---
code
Overseas acq no. C-E-2012-354742;25
Type of material Book
Content type text
Media type unmediated
Carrier type volume

Fig. 11.1: LC Online Catalogue Entry

The same record is represented in the MARC 21 format in Fig. 11.2 to compare the
bibliographic representation in both cases.
(0) o 1327cam a22003375i 4500
001 17375048
005 20141003092408.0
008 120706s20 11 ce s 000 0 eng
<XXi $a 7 $b par $c origode $d 3 $e ncip $f 20 $g y-gencatlg
92S 0_ $a acquire $b 1 shelf copy $x policy default
955 $c wd46 2013-10-01 toASME $a cgOO2014-10-03 toASMFlSEASA
010 $a 2012354742
025 $a C-E-2012-354742; 25
007 $b Library of Congress - New Delhi Overseas Office
040 $a DLC $b eng $c DLC $e rda $d DLC
042 $a !code
043 $aa-ce-
100 1 $a Herath, R. M., $e author.
245 10 $a Cost & return of agricultural crop production : $b paddy other field crops
vegetables / $c by Dr. R.M. Herath, V.D. Nirusha Ayoni ; assistance, S.
Mathangaweera.
246 30 $a Cost and return of agricultural crop production
246 14 $a Crop enterprise budget
264 1 $a Peradeniya : $b Socio Economics and Planning Centre, Department of
Agriculture, $c 2011.
300 $a vi, 46 pages; $c 21 cm
336 $a text $2 rdacontent
337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia
338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier
500 $a Includes statistical tables.
700 1 $a NirushaAyoni, V. D., $e author.
700 1 $a Mathangaweera, S., $e author.
710 2_ $a Sri Lanka. $b Socio-Economics and Planning Centre, $e issuing body.
985 $eODE-nd

Fig. 11.2: LC MARC Record

97
Cataloguing - AACR nand
MARC 21 . 11.4 MARC 21 TAGS AND SUBFIELDS
The MARC 21 tags are grouped by hundreds, according to what type offields they
are. If you want to refer to a group of tags in the same say 100, the shorthand for this
will be "lXX". The major tag groups are listed below:

OXX Control info, classification, codes, etc.

IXX Main entries
2XX Titles, edition, imprint
3XX Physical description, etc.
4XX Series statements
5XX Notes
6XX Subject access fields
7XX Added entries
8XX Series added entries, holdings, location, etc.
9XX Locally-defined uses
In subsequent sections we will discuss different tag groups with relevant examples.

The 001 field is generated by OCLC, LC, or your loeallibrary management system,
wherever the record is created.
OOX Control Fields-General Information
Control numbers and other kinds of control and coded information that are used in
the processing of machine-readable bibliographic records. These fields have no
indica 01::,0 ::, ib lcl:: codes.
001 C~·y ~Ll'\lumber
003 Control Number Identifier

005 Date and Time of Latest Transaction

006 Fixed-Length Data Elements -Additional Material Characteristics
007 Physical Description Fixed Field

008 Fixed Length Data Elements

The leader (000), control number (001), MARC code for organisation (003) and
date and time of last transaction (005) are computer generated fixed fields and the
cataloger has no control over it. The Coded general information (008) is partially
computer generated fixed fields that.

The 006 field and 007 fields are used to describe physical characteristics that can't
be coded in the fixed fields. The 006 field is used for additional material information
that is not included in the fixed field for instance if you have a serial that is issued on
CD then this field may be used. The 007 is used to describe additional physical
characteristics that cannot be covered in the fixed field such as electronic resources.

Example:
000 o 1327cam a22003375i 4500

001 17375048
005 20141003092408.0

008 I20706s2011 ce s 000 0 eng

98
01X-09X Control Informatk D, Number and Codes-General Information MARC-21 Cataloguing

Fields OlX-09X contains standard numbers, classification numbers, codes, and other
data elements relating to the record. Some commonly used ones are listed here.

020 International Standard Book Number

022 International Standard Serial Number

080 Universal Decimal Classification Number

082 Dewey Decimal Classification Number

083 Additional Dewey Decimal Classification Number

In the case of tag 020 (ISBN) the field may include terms of availability and cancelled
or invalid ISBNs, such as ISBNs with invalid check digits or that are not applicable
to the item being catalogued. The indicators and subfields for this tag are listed
below:

Main Entry fields

100 Main Entry - Personal Name (NR)

110 Main Entry - Corporate Name (NR)

111 Main Entry - Meeting Name (NR)

130 Main Entry - Uniform Title (NR)

The main entry fields are not repeatable. As an illustration the indicators and subfield
codes for the personal name as main entry field is given below. For each of the a~ove
fields you may refer to the Library cifCongress website at: http://www.loc.gov/marc.

100 - Main Entry - Personal Name (NR)

First Indicator Second Indicator

O-Forename # Undefined
1- Surname
3 - Family name

Subfield Codes
$a - Personal name (NR) $1- Language of a work (NR)
$b - Numeration (NR) $n - Number of part/section of a work (R)
$c - Titles and words associated with a $p - Name of part/section of a work (R)
name(R) $q - Fuller form of name (NR)
$d - Dates ass ciated with a name (NR) $t - Title of a work (NR)
$e - Relator term (R) $u - Affiliation (NR)
$f - Date of a work (NR) $0 - A thority record control number (R)
$g - Miscellaneous information (NR) $4 - Relator code (R)
$j - Attribution qualifier (R) $(, 'r ,j(,l'.:>.ge(NR)
$k - Form subheading (R) .:t>~- Field link and sequence number (R)

Example:
100 1_ $a Herath, R. M., $e author.

In the above example first indicator is 1 which indicates the entry is under the Surname
as indicated in the table above and second indicator is left blank, The subfield code
$a indicates the personal name of the author and the $e indicates the relater term
which in this case is the author.
99
Cataloguing - AACR IT and Title and Title-Related Fields
MARC 21
210 Abbreviated Title (R)
222 Key Title (R)
240 Uniform Title (NR)
242 Translation of Title by CatalogingAgency (R)
243 Collective Uniform Title (NR)
245 Title Statement (NR)
246 Varying Form of Title (R)
217 Former Title (R)

The commonly used tag in this group is 245 for the title statement. Let us look into
the indicators and the subfields in this case:

245 - Title Statement (NR)

First Indicator Second Indicator

0- No added entry 0- No nonfiling character
1 - Added entry 0-9 - no. of non filing character

Subfield Codes
$a - Title (NR) $n - Number of part/section of a work (R)
$b - Remainder of title (NR) $p - Name of part/section of a work (R)
$c - Statement of responsibility, etc. (NR) $s - Version (NR)
$f - Inclusive dates (NR) $6 - Linkage (NR)
$g - Bulk dates (NR) $8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
$h - Medium (NR) $k - Form (R)
----~-------------------------------------
Example:

245 00 $a Advancing library education: $b technological innovation and

instructional design I $c Ari Sigal, editor.

In the above example 245 is the tag for title statement. Indicator 1is zero (0) indicating
no added entry is required for this as the heading is made under the title. The second
indicator again is zero (0) which indicates that in the title there is no non filing characters
as we see that the title is not starting with any article like 'a', 'an', or 'the'.

Edition, Imprint, Etc. Fields

250 Edition Statement (NR)
254 Musical Presentation Statement (NR)
255 Cartographic Mathematical Data (R)
256 Computer File Characteristics (NR)
257 Country of Producing Entity (R)
258 Philatelic Issue Data (R)
260 Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint) (R)
263 Projected Publication Date (NR)
264 Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice
(R)
270 Address (R)
100
Tags 250 for edition statement and 260 for imprint are commonly used in this group. MARC-21 Cataloguing
The indicators and subfield codes for these two groups are illustrated below:

250 - Edition Statement (NR)

First Indicator Second Indicator

# - Undefined # - Undefined
Subfield Codes
$a - Edition statement (NR) $6 - Linkage'(Nk)
$b - Remainder of edition statement (NR) $8 - Field link and sequence number (R)

260 - Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint) (R)

First Indicator Second Indicator

# - Not applicable # - Undefined
2 - Intervening publisher
3 - Current or latest publisher
Subfield Codes
$a - Place of publication, distribution, etc. (R) $g - Date of manufacture (R)
$b - Name of publisher, distributor, etc. (R) $3 - Materials specified (NR)
$c - Date of publication, distribution, etc. (R) $6 - Linkage (NR)
$e - Place of manufacture (R) $8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
$f - Manufacturer (R)

Example:
250 $a Sixth edition.
264 1 $a Hoboken, New Jersey: $b WHey, $c t2014]
In the above example you will notice that in the case of the tag 250 for edition
statement there is no indicator digit and the space has been left blank. The imprint
statement is indicated by the tag 264 which has three subfields- $a - Place of
publication, $b - Name of publisher and $c - Date of publication. You will notice that
same convention of using punctuation marks that we used for AACR-2R for the
imprint area is also being used here. For instance the place of publication is followed
by a colon (:).
By now you must have got a fair idea on preparing MARC 21 entry for any record.
For your reference following figure compares the fields in the second level of description
in AACR 2R with the MARC format to help you in creating MARC records.

Second level description AA CR2 R MARCfonnat

Title proper = Parallel title: other title 020 ## $a 13-digit ISBN

information / first statement of 245 XX $a Title = $b Parallel title: other title
responsibility; each subsequent information / $e first statement of responsibility;
statement of responsibility. - Edition each subsequent statement of responsibility.
statement / fir t statement of
250 ## $a Edition statement / $b first statement of
responsibility relating to the edition.
responsibility relating to the edition.
- First place of publication, etc. : First
publisher, etc, date of publication, etc. 260 ## $a First place of publication, etc.: $b First
- Extent of item: other physical details publisher, etc, $c date of publication, etc.
; dimensions. - (Title proper of series 300 ## $a Extent of item: $b other physical details;
/ statement of responsibility relating $c dimensions.
to series) - Note(s). - Standard 490 0# $a Title proper of series / statement of
number responsibility relating to series; $v series vol. no.
500 ## $a Note(s).
10.
Fig.n.3: Description ofAACR2R and MARC 21
Cataloguing - AACR 11 and Some worked out examples of different types of publications are given below to
MARC 21
further familiarise with the MARC 21 format:

Example 1

Main title An evaluation study of Lahaul & Spiti District / Government

of Himachal Pradesh, Department of Economics &
Statistics.
Published/Created Simla : Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Himachal
Pradesh, [1977]
Description ii, 56 p. ; 27 cm.
Subjects Lahul end Spiti (India)-Statistics.
Lahul and Spiti (India)-Rural conditions-Statistics.
Dewey class no. 330.954/52
Type of material Book

MARC 21 Format

043 $a a-ii-
082 00 $a 330.954/52
245 03 $a An evaluation study of Lahaul & Spiti District / $c Government of
Himachal Pradesh, Department of Economics & Statistics.
260 $a Simla : $b Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Himachal
Pradesh, $c [] 977]
300 Sa ii, 56 p.; $e 27 cm.
651 _0 $a Lahul and Spiti (India) $x Statistics.
651 _0 $a Lahul and Spiti (India) $x Rural conditions $x Statistics.
710 1 $a Himachal Pradesh (India). $b Directorate of Economics and Statistics.

Example 2

Main title Event volunteering : international perspectives on the

volunteering experience at events / edited by Karen Smith
and others.
PublishedlProduced New York : Routledge, 2014.
Description xviii, 211 pages; 24 cm
ISBN 9780415821032 (hardback)
Subjects Voluntarism-International cooperation.
Special events-International cooperation.
BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / Hospitality,
Travel & Tourism.
TRAVEL/General.
Notes Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series Routledge advances in event research series
Dewey class no. 3021.14

102
MARC 21 Format MARC-21 Cataloguing

020 $a 9780415821032 (hardback)

082 00 $a 302/.14 $223
245 00 $a Event volunteering: $b international perspectives on the volunteering
experience at events 1 $c edited by Karen Smith and others.
264 _1 $a New York: $b Routledge, $c 2014.
300 $a xviii, 211 pages; $c 24 cm
504 $a Includes bibliographical references and index.
650 _0 $a Voluntarism $x International cooperation.
650 _0 $a Special events $x International cooperation.
650 _7 $a BUSINESS & ECONOMICS 1 Industries 1 Hospitality, Travel &
Tourism. $2 bisacsh
$a TRAVEL 1 General. $2 bisacsh

Example 3

Main title Evaluating the HRSA Traumatic Brain Injury Program /

Committee on Traumatic Brain Injury, Board on Health
Care Services; Jill Eden and Rosemary Stevens, editors.

Published/Created Washington, DC: National Academies Press, c2006.

Description 326 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.

ISBN 0309101131 (pbk.)

Variant title Evaluatingthe Health Resources and ServicesAdministration

Traumatic Brain Injury Program

Subjects HRSA Traumatic Brain Injury Program.

Brain damage-Patients-Rehabilitation-U nited States.
Brain damage-Patients-Services for-United States-
Evaluation.

Notes Includes bibliographical references.

This study was supported between the National Academy

of Sciences and the Department of Health and Human
Services Contract No. HHSH25056028

Dewey class no. 362.196/8

MARC 21 Format

020 $a 0309101131(pbk.)
•
082 00 $a 362.196/8 $2 22
245 00 $a Evaluating the HRSA Traumatic Brain Injury Program 1 $c Committee
on Traumatic Brain Injury, Board on Health Care Services; JiB Eden and
Rosemary Stevens, editors.
246 3 $a Evaluating the Health Resources and ServicesAdministrationTraumatic
Brain Injury Program

103
Cataloguing - AA CR II and 260 $a Washington, DC: $b National Academies Press, $e c2006.
MARC 21
300 $a 326 p.: $b ill.; $e 23 cm.
504 $a In~ludes' bibliographical references.'
536 $a Tills study was supported between the National Academy of Sciences
and the Department of Health and Human Services $b Contract No.
HHSH25056028
610 20 $a HRSA Traumatic Brain Injury Program.
650 _0 $a Brain damage $x Patients $x Rehabilitation $z United States.

650 _0 $a Brain damage $x Patients $x Services for $z United

States $x Evaluation.
610 22' $a HRSA Traumatic Brain Injury Program.
700 1 $a Eden, Jill.
700 1 $a Stevens, Rosemary, $d 1935-
710 2_ $a Institute of Medicine (U.S.). $b Committee on Traumatic Brain Injury.
710 1 $a United States. $b Department of Health and Human Services.

Example 4

Main title Academy for Studies in Business Law journal.

Published/Created Cullowhee, NC: Allied Academies, Inc., 1998-2001.

Publication history Vol. 1, no. 1 and 2 (1998)-v. 4, no. 1 and 2 (2001).

Current frequency' Two no. a year

ISSN 1524-7260

Linking ISSN 1524-7260

Continued by Journal oflegaJ, ethlcal and regulatory issues

Subjects Law-United States-Periodicals.

Cornmerciallaw-United States-Periodicals.

Dewey class no. 346

MARC 21 Format
022 0 $a 1524-7260 $11524-7260 $21
082 10 $a 346 $213
210 0_ $a Acad. Stud. Bus. Law j.
222 _0 $a Academy for Studies in Business Law journal
245 00 $a Academy for Studies in Business Law journal.
246 30 $a Journal
260 $a Cullowhee, NC: $b Allied Acadernies, Inc., $e 1998-2001.
310 $a Two no. a year?
362 0_ $a Vol. 1, no. 1 and 2 (1998)-v. 4, no. 1 and 2 (2001).
650 _0 $a Law $z United States $v Periodicals.
104
650 _0 $a Cornmerciallaw $z United States $v Periodicals. AACR-2R: Preliminaries

710 2_ $a Allied Academies.

785 00 $t Journal of legal, ethical and regulatory issues

Self Check Exercise

Note: i) Write your answer in the space given below.
it) Check your answer with the answers given at the end of this Unit.

1) Identify the correct TAG for each field in the following record.

xxx 1# $a Travers, P. L. $q (Pamela Lyndon), $d 1899-1996.

XXX 10 $a Maria Poppina ab A ad Z / $c scripta a P.L. Travers ; picturas .
delineavit Mary Shepard ; latine reddidit GM. Lyne

·XXX ## $a London: $b Collins ; $c 1968 cm.

XXX## $a [56] p. : $b ill. ; $c 20 cm.

XXX ## $a Features twenty-six vignettes, one for each letter of the alphabet,
starring Mary Poppins and other characters from the Mary Poppins novels.

XXX ## $a Latin translation of: Mary Poppins from A to Z.

2) Prepare a MARC 21 record for the following title.

Main title Deep map country: literary cartography of the Great

Plains / Susan Naramore Maher.
PublishedlProduced Lincoln; London: University of Nebraska Press,
2014.
Description xxiv, 228 pages: illustration, map; 23 cm

ISBN 9780803245020 (hardback)

Subjects American prose literature--Great Plains-History
and criticism.

LITERARY CRITICISM / American / General.

Great Plains-In literature.

Dewey class no. 810.9/97648

....................................................................................................................

11.5 SUMMARY
Machine-readable cataloguing for assigning labels to various parts of a bibliographic
record is a convenient method in which information can be identified and used by
computers. The structure of a machine-readable record is known as a format. MARC
21 is a General format for representing bibliographic information and is a standard
for the representation and communication of data in machine-readable form.
105
Cataloguing - AACR 11 and In this Unit we discussed in detail the structure and format of a MARC 21 record.
MARC 21
The common tags and corresponding indicators with subfie1ds have covered with
examples to familiarise you with the process of creating MARC 21 records. A detailed
list of tags with related indicators and subfield codes is appended with this Unit for
your ready reference.

11.6 ANSWERS TO SELF CHECK EXERCISES

1) 1001# $a Travers, P. L. $q (PamelaLyndon), $d 1899-1996.

245 10 $a Maria Poppina ab A ad Z / $c scripta a P.L. Travers ; picturas
delineavit Mary
Shepard ; latine reddidit GM. Lyne
264 ## $a London: $b Collins ; $c 1968 cm.
300 ## $a [56] p. : $b ill. ; $c 20 cm.
500 ## $a Features twenty-six vignettes, one for each letter of the alphabet,
starring Mary Poppins and other characters from the Mary Poppins novels.
546 ## $a Latin translation of: Mary Poppins from A to Z.

020 $a 9780803~4 ''''10 (hardback)

08200 $a 810.9/97648 $2 23
1001 $a Maher, Susan Naramore, $e author.
245 10 $a Deep map country: $b literary cartography of the Great Plains /
k Susan Naramore Maher.
264 _1 $a Lincoln; $a London: $b University of Nebraska Press, $c 2014.
300 $a xxiv, 228 pages: $b illustration, map; $c 23 cm
650_0 $a American prose literature $z Great Plains $x History and criticism.
651_0 $a Great Plains $x In literature.
650 _7 $a LITERARY CRITICISM / American / General. $2 bisacsh

11.7 KEYWORDS
Delimiters Tell the computer where each subfield starts. Sometimes
denoted with $, #, _, or 1:-
Field Each bibliographic record is divided logically into fields.
There is a field for the author, a field for title information,
and so on. These fields are subdivided into one or more
"subfields." They are represented by 3-digit tags.
Indicators Two character positions follow each tag (with the exception
of Fields 001 through 009). One or both of these character
positions may be used for indicators. When an indicator
position is not used, that indicator is referred to as
"undefmed" and the position is left blank.
Tag Each field is associated with a 3-digit number called a "tag."
A tag identifies the field - the kind of data - that follows.
The tag is always the first 3 digits.
106
 MAKl:-21 Cataloguing
11.8 .REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
Library of Congress. MARC standards <http://www.loc.gov/marc/>

OCLC Bibliographic formats and standards <http://www.oc1c.org/bibformats/en>

Understanding MARC bibliographic <http://www.loc.gov/marc/umb/>

107
Cataloguing - AACR IT and Appendix
MARC 21

MARC 21 Tags with Indicators and Subfield Codes

Tag Group Function
fixed Fixed fields (006, 008)
Oxx Bibliographic control numbers and coded information

lxx Main entries

2xx Titles, edition and imprint information, etc.

Physical description, etc.

4xx Series statements

5xx Notes
6xx Subject access added entries
7xx Other added entries rather than subject or series, and linking fields

8xx Series added entries and holdings

9xx Local use fields

MARC Contents IITldica-Subfield Display ConstantlCode!

21 Tag tors Code Meaning! What To Input
003 - - -
005 Transaction - - Date and Time of Latest Transaction
info
--
006 Lii.tional
' A - - Additional Material Characteristics
Material
Characteristics
007 Physical - - Codes for colours, bytes,
characteristics dimensions, media, etc.
008 Additional - - Fixed field
Material
Characteristics
010 Lo C number -- $a Library of Congress control number
(card number)yy-xxxxx(x) or yyyy-
xxxxx(x)y is 2- or 4-digit year
017 Copyright or - - $a Copyright registration number
legal deposit $b Assigning agency
020 ISBN - - $a International Standard Book
Number- repeatable
024 UPC 1- $a Universal Product Code- repeatable
028 Publisher xx $a Formatted publisher number (for
Number scores and recordings)- repeatable
$b publisher or label
033 Event time 00 $a Single capture date (e.g., record
and place date for television)
codes 01 Single broadcast date
11 Multiple single broadcast dates
21 Range of broadcast dates
108
 MARC-21 Cataloguing
040 Cataloging - - $a Original, language, transcribing,
Source modifying agencies
041 Language 1- - Item is or includes a translation
code(s) $a Text / soundtrack
$b Subtitle
$h Original language from which
translated
043 Subject area - - $a Geographic area code for each
codes subject term in 6xx
044 Maker area - - $a Code for each country of producer
codes and/or publisher
045 Time period 0- - Single date/time period of content
1- Multiple single date/time period
2- Range of dates/time periods of
content
- $a Time period code
$b Formatted 9999 B.C. through A.D.
time period
050/80 Library of 00 $a Item is in LC, number assigned by
Congress LC
Number
082/92 Dewey 00 $a From full DDC edition
Classification
Number 10 From abridged DDC edition
100 Main entry 0- - Forename
personal 1- Surname
name 3- Farnily name
- $d Dates, $d 1988-
110 Main entry 0- - Inverted name [pre AACR2,
corporate obsolete]
name 1- Jurisdiction name
2- Name in direct order
111 Main entry - - $a See 110 corporate name
meeting
name
130 Main entry 0 - - Standardized titles ofjoumals,
uniform title broadcasts, movies, etc. when
work has appeared under varying
titles
$1 Language
$f Date of work
$s Version
245 Title 0 - - Title is main entryreplace "[]" with
"O"and " ..." with "- ", but at start
use no spacereplace foreign
characters: [beta] order: a.$n,$p$h
[ ] : $b /$c.
1- - Title is only an added entry; there
is already a 1xx
-x - Number of nonfiling characters
present
109
Cataloguing - AACR ITand
MARC 21 - $b Remainder of title
$c. Statement of responsibility; includes
authors, editors, production company,
producers, directors,
writers ...introductions, authorized by,
prepared by, compiled by, sponsored
by, made by, selected by, translated
from the _ by ...Includes
forewords ..., not prefacesUse One
Name ... [et al.] for more than three
$h General material designator see
AACR2 1.1C[GMD]s include:
braille, cartographic material,
electronic resource, kit, manuscript,
microforrn, motion picture, music,
sound recording, text (large print),
videorecording; (add 'large print' or
'tactile' anywhere, add 'braille'
except text or braille)
$n Number of part/section
$p Name of part/section
246 Variant title - $a Portion, translation, different spelling,
expansion/contraction of
abbreviation or symbol (&) ..."Note"
means using $i to introduce e.g., "On
spine: ""Added entry" creates an
entry point in databaseT = type,
see OCLC 246 reference t = -
- no type specified t = 0 - portion of
title
at - Use note, do not create added entry
1t - Use note, create added entry (entry
term)
2t - Do not use note, do not create added
entry
3t - Do not use note, create added entry
250 Edition - - $a Edition, issue, version,
revisionmust abbreviate viaAACR2
appendix
$b Remainder of edition statement
260 Publication $a Place (or [S.l.], unknown location)
$b Distributor (or [s.n.], unknown name)
$c Date (precede with 'c' if copyright,
or 'p' ifmusic copyright)hyphens are
used for unknown date digits, in
brackets, e.g. [19-]008's dates use
u's, e.g. 19uu
300 Physical -- $a SMDsp. (page(s)) v. (volume/s)
dimension(s) broadside(s) case(s) column(s) leaf
110
 MARC·2! Cataloguing
Ileavespart(s) pamphlet(s) pieces(s)
portfolio(s) sheet(s) sound disc(s)
videodisc( s L of plates (large
print)CD-ROMsDVD-ROMsnew
things
$b Other details
$c Dimensions: height (xx cm.),
diameter (4314 in.) ...

306 Playing time - - $a Playing time in hours, minutes and

seconds, two digits each
440 Series title - x $a Exactly what's on the item - this
as added *IS* the traced/controlled series
entry statementx = number of non-filing
characters$a is title proper
490 Series title 0 - $a Exactly what's on the item - not
NOT traced!controlled, there exists no
added entry added entry
1- Exactly what's on the item - traced!
controlled differently, for controlled
added entry use an 8xx
500 General - - $a (bibliographical material forces 504
notes instead of 500 regardless of index)
504 Bibliography, - - $a -

etc.
505 Formatted xO $a Contents, separated by , -
contents 'otherwise use 511 to list performers,
songsNO articles! !first indicator: 0
- full contents 1 - incomplete, not
all available 2 - partial, although all
are available 8 - don't generate a
display constantlleader
xl Finely formatted details$t
title$r (performers)$g (year)
(duration)1 $r statement -of-
responsibility
508 Creation & - - $a Cignificant participants in
production productionthose behind the camera
credits
510 Citation 1 - $a Where item has been cited or
reference reviewed

3- Material's specific location in source

cited given
4- Material's specific location in source
cited given
511 Participants, 0- $a No display constant generated
performers 1- Cast:
518 Event time, - - $a Date/time and/or place of
place broadcast, capture, or creation U se
033 for coded version
111
 Cataloguing - AACR nand
MARC 21 520 Summary, etc. x- $a _ = Summary:O = Subject: 1 =
Review:2 = Scope and content.J =
Abstract8 = none
530 Additional -- $a -
Physical
Form
Available
Note

538 Systems - - $a Video, computer formats,

details etc.(AACR2 x.7Bl)- Computer
model- Memory- Opsys-
Software- Peripherals-
Modifications
546 Language - - $a Languages
590 Local notes -- $a Information retained everywhere
0 Info not retained in institution records
1- Information retained everywhere
(same as _ )
600 Personal Ox $a Forename only
name 1x Inverted (surname first)
3x Name of family
-.Y Specific thesaurus, e.g.,O - Library
of Congress subject heading4 -
Source not specified8 - Sears subject
heading
610 Corporate 20 $a Corporate name (direct order),
name source NAF
611 Meeting name 20 $a Meeting name (direct order), source
NAF
630 Uniformtitle x $a Number of non-filing characters

-y Specific thesaurus (see 600)

650 Topical term -y $a Topical subject heading, source
LCSH
$v Form subdivision
$x General subdivision
,
$y Chronological subdivision
$z Geographic subdivision
For order, consider building a
sentence backwards:650 _0 Authors,
English $y 20th century $v
Biographies.A biography of 20th
century English authors
651 Geographic -y $a Geographic heading, source, LCSH/
name NAF
655 Genre/form - 0 $a Genre/form heading from LCSH

- 2 Medical Subject Headings

112
--- -
NlAKL-~l v.ataiegumg
- 7 Genre/form heading, source in $2
700 Added entry 0- $a Forename first
personal name 1- Surname first (inverted)
3-
x- $4
Name of family
relator codes
..
710 Added entry 0- $a Surname, inverted
corporate 1- Place, or place and name
name 2- Name (direct order)
730 Added entry xy $a Title portion not generatable by
uniform title other means such as 630 Series
Added or 830 Subject AddedMay
include anonymous works,journals,
radio, TV and motion pictures
x - Number of non-filing characters
present

- 2 Analytical entry; portion of

document, e.g., chapter

-- No information provided
740 Added entry xy $a Title not controlled by authority file
uncontrolled or other bibliographical record
title x- Number of non-filing characters
present
-2 Analytical entry; portion of
document, e.g., chapter
- - No information provided
830 Series added -x x Number of non-filing characters
uniform title present
$a Uniform title
9xx User-option - - $a Data of local interest
data

113