In Computer graphics
Transformation is a process of modifying and re-positioning the existing graphics.
• 2D Transformations take place in a two dimensional plane.
• Transformations are helpful in changing the position, size, orientation, shape etc of
the object.
• In computer graphics, various transformation techniques are-
we will discuss about 2D Translation in Computer Graphics.
In Computer graphics,
2D Translation is a process of moving an object from one position to another in a two
dimensional plane.
Consider a point object O has to be moved from one position to another in a 2D plane.
Let-
• Initial coordinates of the object O = (Xold, Yold)
• New coordinates of the object O after translation = (Xnew, Ynew)
• Translation vector or Shift vector = (Tx, Ty)
Given a Translation vector (Tx, Ty)-
• Tx defines the distance the Xold coordinate has to be moved.
• Ty defines the distance the Yold coordinate has to be moved.
This translation is achieved by adding the translation coordinates to the old coordinates of the
object as-
• Xnew = Xold + Tx (This denotes translation towards X axis)
• Ynew = Yold + Ty (This denotes translation towards Y axis)
In Matrix form, the above translation equations may be represented as-
• The homogeneous coordinates representation of (X, Y) is (X, Y, 1).
• Through this representation, all the transformations can be performed using matrix /
vector multiplications.
The above translation matrix may be represented as a 3 x 3 matrix as-
2D Rotation in Computer Graphics-
In Computer graphics,
2D Rotation is a process of rotating an object with respect to an angle in a two dimensional
plane.
Consider a point object O has to be rotated from one angle to another in a 2D plane.
Let-
• Initial coordinates of the object O = (Xold, Yold)
• Initial angle of the object O with respect to origin = Φ
• Rotation angle = θ
• New coordinates of the object O after rotation = (Xnew, Ynew)
This rotation is achieved by using the following rotation equations-
• Xnew = Xold x cosθ – Yold x sinθ
• Ynew = Xold x sinθ + Yold x cosθ
In Matrix form, the above rotation equations may be represented as-
For homogeneous coordinates, the above rotation matrix may be represented as a 3 x 3 matrix
as-
2D Scaling in Computer Graphics-
In computer graphics, scaling is a process of modifying or altering the size of objects.
• Scaling may be used to increase or reduce the size of object.
• Scaling subjects the coordinate points of the original object to change.
• Scaling factor determines whether the object size is to be increased or reduced.
• If scaling factor > 1, then the object size is increased.
• If scaling factor < 1, then the object size is reduced.
Consider a point object O has to be scaled in a 2D plane.
Let-
• Initial coordinates of the object O = (Xold, Yold)
• Scaling factor for X-axis = Sx
• Scaling factor for Y-axis = Sy
• New coordinates of the object O after scaling = (Xnew, Ynew)
This scaling is achieved by using the following scaling equations-
• Xnew = Xold x Sx
• Ynew = Yold x Sy
In Matrix form, the above scaling equations may be represented as-
For homogeneous coordinates, the above scaling matrix may be represented as a 3 x 3 matrix
as-
