Call of a snow owl:
he true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families
of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy unites the
Caprimulgiformes with the owl order; here, the typical owls are a subfamily Striginae. This is
unsupported by more recent research (see Cypselomorphae for details), but the relationships
of the owls in general are still unresolved. This large family comprises nearly 220 living
species in 25 genera. The typical owls have a cosmopolitan distribution
and are found on every continent except Antarctica. There are three
accepted subfamilies of Strigidae including Striginae, Asinine, and
Surniinae.
While typical owls (hereafter referred to simply as owls) vary greatly in
size, with the smallest species, the elf owl, being a hundredth the size
of the largest, the Eurasian eagle-owl and Blakiston's fish owl, owls
generally share an extremely similar body plan. They tend to have large
heads, short tails, cryptic plumage, and round facial discs around the
eyes. The family is generally arboreal (with a few exceptions like the
burrowing owl) and obtain their food on the wing. The wings are large,
broad, rounded, and long. As is the case with most birds of prey, in
many owl species females are larger than males.
The spectacled owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata) is a large tropical owl native to the neotropics. It
is a resident breeder in forests from southern Mexico and Trinidad, through Central America,
south to southern Brazil, Paraguay and northwestern Argentina. There are six subspecies.
One is occasionally treated as a separate species called the short-browed or brown spectacled
owl, but the consensus is that it is still merely a
race until more detailed analysis can be done.
The spectacled owl is found in Mexico,
Central America (Belize, Guatemala, El
Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Panama), Trinidad and Tobago, and South
America (Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname,
French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina). The
spectacled owl is primarily a bird of tropical rain forests, being found mostly in areas where
dense, old-growth forest is profuse. However, it may enter secondary habitats, such as forest
edges, especially while hunting. On occasion, they have been found in dry forests, treed
savanna plains, plantations and semi-open areas with trees. In areas such as Costa Rica, they
may inhabit subtropical montane forests of up to 1,500 m (4,900 ft), although are generally
associated with lowland forests.
Call of a spectacled owl: PUP-pup-pup-pup-po, POK pok pok bog bog bog bobobo or BOO
Boo boo boo boo
the barn owl (Tyto alba) is the most widely distributed species of owl in the world and one of
the most widespread of all species of birds. It is also known as the common barn owl, to
distinguish it from the other species in its family, Tytonidae, which forms one of the two
main lineages of living owls, the other being the typical owls (Strigidae). The barn owl is
found almost everywhere in the world except for the polar and desert regions, Asia north of
the Himalayas, most of Indonesia, and some Pacific islands.
Phylogenetic evidence shows that there are at least three major lineages of barn owl, one in
Europe, western Asia and Africa, one in southeastern Asia and Australasia, and one in the
Americas, and some highly divergent taxa on islands.
Accordingly, some authorities split the group into the western
barn owl for the group in Europe, western Asia and Africa, the
eastern barn owl for the group in southeastern Asia and
Australasia, and the American barn owl for the group in the
Americas. Some taxonomic authorities further split the group,
recognising up to five species, and further research needs to be
done to clarify the position. There is a considerable variation
between the sizes and colour of the approximately 28 subspecies,
but most are between 33 and 39 cm (13 and 15 in) in length, with
wingspans ranging from 80 to 95 cm (31 to 37 in). The plumage
on head and back is a mottled shade of grey or brown, the underparts vary from white to
brown and are sometimes speckled with dark markings. The face is characteristically heart-
shaped and is white in most subspecies. This owl does not hoot, but utters an eerie, drawn-out
screech.
The barn owl is nocturnal over most of its range, but in Great Britain and some Pacific
islands, it also hunts by day. Barn owls specialise in hunting animals on the ground and
nearly all of their food consists of small mammals which they locate by sound, their hearing
being very acute. They usually mate for life unless one of the pair is killed, when a new pair
bond may be formed. Breeding takes place at varying times of year according to the locality,
with a clutch, averaging about four eggs, being laid in a nest in a hollow tree, old building or
fissure in a cliff. The female does all the incubation, and she and the young chicks are reliant
on the male for food. When large numbers of small prey are readily available, barn owl
populations can expand rapidly, and globally the bird is considered to be of least conservation
concern. Some subspecies with restricted ranges are more threatened.