SUBJECT: MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
PRESENTATION ON : COPD
SUBMITTED TO : MISS MARSAT AARIF SUBMITTED BY : ABDUL
BASIT MSC NURSING IST YEAR
(RGCN)
SUBMITTED ON : 24-FEBRUARY-2024
Name of student teacher: Abdul Basit
Class: Msc Nursing 1st year (Medical surgical nursing)
Subject: Medical surgical Nursing
Topic: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
Group: 05
DATE: 24-Feb-2024
Duration: 42 minutes
Venue: Medical Surgical Nursing Ist Year Classroom
AV Aids: PPT, chart, flash cards
Teacher evaluator: Ms. Masrat Aarif
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
General Objectives:
At the end of the class the students will be able to acquire knowledge regarding Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) and also to use this
knowledge in their academic clinical field.
Specific objectives:
To Introduce the topic i.e., Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
To Define Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
To classify Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
To enlist the causes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
To discuss pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
To enumerate clinical features of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
To enlist diagnostic evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
To discuss management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) ( Medical, Surgical and Nursing management)
To discuss complications of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
SPECIFIC TEACHING LEARNING
TIME CONTENT EVALUTION
OBJECTIVIES ACTIVITIES WITH AV AIDS
30seconds To introduce oneself. Self Introduction :
My name is Abdul
Basit. Msc First year
student.
1 Minute To announce the topic. Student Teacher announced
Announcement of the Topic : the topic with the help of
Today I will discuss about ‘Chronic Obstructive Black board.
Pulmonary Disorder (COPD’
2 Minutes To introduce and define Student Teacher introduced and Define COPD.
the topic. Introduction : defined the topic with the help of
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) black board.
is a lung condition that makes it difficult to
breathe. It often results from long-term exposure
to irritants like cigarette smoke, causing airflow
obstruction and persistent respiratory symptoms.
Definition :
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is a common, treatable (but not
curable) lung condition.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) refers to a group of lung
diseases that block airflow and make
breathing difficult. It includes
emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Chronic Bronchitis : Chronic bronchitis
is an inflammation of the lining of your
bronchial tubes, which carry air to and
from your lungs.
Emphysema: Emphysema occurs when the
air sacs (alveoli) at the end of the
smallest air passages (bronchioles) in the
lungs are gradually destroyed.
SPECIFIC TEACHING LEARNING
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OBJECTIVIES ACTIVITIES WITH AV AIDS
Damage to lungs from COPD can't be
reversed, but treatment can help control
symptoms and minimize further damage.
4 To explain the Signs and Signs and Symptoms : Student teacher explained the Enlist the Signs
Minutes symptoms of Gastritis. Signs and Symptoms of COPD and symptoms
Signs and Symptoms of COPD often don't
appear until significant lung damage has with the help of PPT. of COPD.
occurred, and they usually worsen over time.
For Chronic Bronchitis, the main symptom is
a cough that have at least three months a
year for two consecutive years. Other signs
and symptoms of COPD include:
Shortness of breath, especially
during physical activities.
Wheezing.
Chest tightness.
Having to clear your throat first thing
in the morning, due to excess mucus
in your lungs.
A chronic cough that produces sputum
that may be clear, white, yellow or
greenish.
Blueness of the lips or fingernail
beds (cyanosis).
Frequent respiratory infections.
Lack of energy
Unintended weight loss (in
later stages)
SPECIFIC TEACHING LEARNING
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OBJECTIVIES ACTIVITIES WITH AV AIDS
6 To explain the Risk Risk Factors : Student Teacher explained the Enlist the Risk
Minutes Factors of COPD. Exposure to tobacco smoke: Risk factors of COPD withthe Factors of COPD.
The most significant risk factor for help of Blackboard.
COPD is long-term cigarette smoking.
The more years you smoke and the more
packs you smoke, the greater your risk.
Pipe smokers, cigar smokers, marijuana
smokers and people exposed to large
amounts of secondhand smoke also are
at risk.
Occupational exposure to dusts and
chemicals:
Long-term exposure to chemical fumes,
vapors and dusts in the workplace can
irritate and inflame your lungs.
Age: COPD develops slowly over years,
so most people are at least 35 to 40
years old when symptoms begin.
Genetics: An uncommon genetic
disorder known as alpha-1-antitrypsin
deficiency is the source of some cases of
COPD.
5 To enlist the etiology of Etiology: Student Teacher explained the Enlist the etiology
Minutes COPD. Smoking: Long-term exposure to Etiology of COPD withthe help of COPD.
cigarette smoke is the leading cause of of Blackboard.
COPD.
Occupational exposure to dusts and
chemicals: Long-term exposure to
chemical fumes, vapors and dusts in
the workplace can irritate and inflame
your lungs.
Genetic Factors: Inherited conditions,
like alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, can
increase susceptibility to COPD.
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Recurrent Lung Infections: Frequent
respiratory infections may lead to
lung damage over time.
Aging: The risk of COPD increases
with age, as lung function naturally
declines.
8 To Explain pathophysiology Student teacher explained
Minutes of COPD. Pathophysiology: the pathophysiology of
The Pathophysiology of COPD is explained step COPD.
by step as :
1) Exposure to Irritants : Prolonged exposure
to cigarette smoke, air pollutants,
occupational dust, or genetic factors like
alpha-1- antitrypsin deficiency initiates the
pathophysiology of COPD.
2) Inflammation : Irritants trigger chronic
inflammation in the airways, leading to
recruitment of immune cells,
especially neutrophils.
3) Release of Enzymes : Neutrophils release
enzymes, including elastase, which
normally should be counteracted by alpha-1-
antitrypsin. However, in deficiency or
overwhelmed conditions, these enzymes
contribute to the degradation of lung tissue.
4) Airway Remodeling : Chronic inflammation
and tissue damage lead to structural changes
in the airways, such as thickening of the
bronchial walls and increased mucus
production.
5) Loss of Elasticity: Destruction of lung
tissue reduces the elasticity of the lungs,
making it harder for them to recoil during
exhalation.
6) Airflow Limitation: The combination of
inflammation, mucus accumulation,
and structural changes narrows the
airways, causing airflow limitation.
zz
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7) Symptoms Manifest: As airflow becomes
progressively restricted, symptoms like
shortness of breath, chronic cough, and
wheezing become evident.
8) Progressive Disease: Over time, the
ongoing inflammation and damage result in
a progressive decline in lung function,
characterizing the chronic nature of COPD.
05 To explain Diagnostic Diagnosis: List down the
Diagnostic evaluations for Chronic Student Teacher explained the
Minutes Evaluation ofGastritis. Diagnostic Evaluation of COPD. diagnosis of
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) COPD.
typically include:
Medical History and Symptoms: A
detailed history of respiratory
symptoms, exposure to risk factors
like smoking or occupational
hazards, and family history aids in
diagnosis.
Physical Examination: Evaluation of
respiratory signs such as wheezing,
decreased breath sounds, and
increased respiratory rate.
Chest X-ray: Helps rule out other
respiratory conditions and assess
the severity of COPD-related
complications.
CT Scan: Provides detailed images of
the lungs, assisting in identifying
emphysema and bronchial wall
thickening.
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Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test:
Measures oxygen and carbon
dioxide levels in the blood,
indicating the degree of respiratory
impairment.
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs):
Besides spirometry, additional lung
function tests help assess the
overall function of the lungs.
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF):
Portable device measures the
maximum speed of expiration,
helping monitor and manage
COPD.
Laboratory Tests: Blood tests may be
conducted to assess oxygen levels,
rule out other conditions, and
evaluate for comorbidities.
Electrocardiogram: May be done to
assess heart function, as COPD can
impact cardiovascular health.
05 To explain management Student Teacher explained the Enumerate the
Minutes of Gastritis. management of COPD with management of
MANAGEMENT: Management of COPD the help of black board. COPD.
includes Medical management , Surgical
Management and Nursing Management.
Medical Management:
Bronchodilators: Short-acting (eg;
Albuterol, Levelbuterol) and long-
acting bronchodilators (eg; Salmetorol,
formoterol ) help relax airway muscles,
improving airflow
Inhaled Corticosteroids:
Reduce airway inflammation (eg;
Budisonid)
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Oxygen Therapy: Supplemental
oxygen improves oxygen levels in the
blood
Surgical Management:
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
(LVRS):
In LVRS, damaged or diseased portions
of the lung are surgically removed to
improve lung function.
This procedure reduces hyperinflation
and allows the healthier parts of the
lung to function more effectively.
Lung Transplantation:
For individuals with end-stage COPD,
lung transplantation may be
considered.
This involves replacing one or both
diseased lungs with healthy lungs from
a donor.
Nursing Management:
Key nursing interventions include:
Patient Education:
Provide thorough education on COPD,
including understanding the disease process,
medications, inhaler techniques, and self-
management strategies
Smoking Cessation Support:
Offer counseling and support to
individuals trying to quit smoking,
emphasizing its impact on COPD progression.
Medication Management:
Ensure proper administration of
prescribed medications, assess their
effectiveness, and monitor for side effects.
Oxygen Therapy:
Educate patients on the use of
supplemental oxygen, including proper oxygen
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delivery systems, duration, and Student Teacher enlisted the
monitoring oxygen saturation levels. complications of COPD.
Breathing Techniques:
Teach and encourage effective breathing
techniques, such as pursed-lip breathing and
diaphragmatic breathing.
Nutritional Support:
Assess nutritional status and
provide guidance on maintaining a
balanced diet to support overall health.
Psychosocial Support: Student teacher summarized
Address the emotional impact of COPD, the topic.
offering emotional support and counseling to
cope with anxiety, depression, or lifestyle
adjustments.
Regular Follow-ups:
Schedule regular follow-up appointments
to monitor the patient’s condition, adjust
treatment plans, and address any emerging
concerns.
To enlist different COMPLICATIONS: Student teacher recapitulates
complications of Gastritis. Complications of COPD can include: the whole topic.
Respiratory Infections.
High Blood pressure.
Heart problems.
Lung cancer.
Depression
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03 To summarize the Topic. SUMMARY:
Minutes So we have discussed about the topic , Gastritis
Introduction
Definition
Risk Factors
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis
Management
02 To recapitulate the Topic. RECAPTULIZATION:
Minutes So students we have discussed about
Introduction, Definition, Classification,
Etiology,Pathophysiology, Signs and
symptoms, Diagnosis, Management and
complications of COPD.
CONCLUSION
Today I have discussed about the COPD. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lung condition that makes it difficult to breathe. It
often results from long-term exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke, causing airflow obstruction and persistent respiratory symptoms.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Brunnner and Suddarths (A Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing)Volume2,Edition 13th,Wolters Kluwer,Pageno. (1362-1371)
Ambili M Venugopal, Target High (A Book on Nursing Officer Recruitment Exams)Edition 6th, CBS Publishers, Page no.(721-801)
REFRENCES :
www.kindredhospitals.com/Itas/coditions/copd
www.slideshare.net/copd
