FORENSIC – 2 Qualifying Examination Review Questionnaire

Personal Identification Techniques

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1. What is the oldest form of physical evidence?

A. Hair C. Odontology
B. Fingerprint D. Blood
2. He published on his book, establishing the individuality and permanency
of fingerprint on 1892;
A. Juan Vucetich C. William Herschel
B. Francis Galton D. Charles Darwin
3. He first made the criminal fingerprint identification and able to identify a
women who had murdered her two sons and cut her own throat in or
attempt to place blame on another;
A. Henry Faulds C. Francis Galton
B. Marcelo Malpighi D. Juan Vucetich

4. It is the process of recording fingerprint impression through the use of

fingerprint ink;
A. Fingerprinting C. Fingering
B. Dactyloscopy D. Fingerprint

5. Gilbert Thompson use his own fingerprints on a document to prevent

forgery on _________ year;
A. 1882 B. 1872 C. 1886 D. 1856

6. A professor in Anatomy who noted in his treaties as ridges, spiral and

loops in fingerprint on 1686.
A. John Evangelist Purkinji C. Marcelo Malpighi
B. Henry Faulds D. Francis Galton
7. A Scottish physician who laid the ground work for scientific study of
fingerprints in criminology;
A. Henry Faulds C. Henry Fielding
B. Francis Galton D. Charles Darwin
8. Science of identification by means of pores is;
A. Chiroscopy C. Podoscopy
B. Poroscopy D. Dactyloscopy
9. Science of identification through friction ridge characteristics existing in
sole of the human foot is;
A. Dactyloscopy C. Podoscopy
B. Chiroscopy D. Poroscopy
10. In principle of constancy in fingerprint science it means that fingerprint
is;
A. Fallible C. Not conclusive
B. Unchanging D. Not Possible for Forgery
11. Points often missed in rolling impression;
 A. Core C. Ridge
B. Bifurcation D. Delta

12. Refers to the study of sweat gland openings found on papillary ridges as
a means of identification;
A. Chiroscopy C. Dactyloscopy
B. Poroscopy D. Podoscopy
13. Fingerprinting is universally used as valuable method of identification
due to following reason, EXCEPT:
A. It is formed in the ninth month of pregnancy
B. Fingerprints are not changeable
C. There are no two identical fingerprints
D. Wounded or burned out pattern will re-appear

14. Known for his rule which states that “No two individuals in the world are
exactly the same size and that human skeleton does not change after 20
years”;
A. Mendel C. Bertillon
B. Darwin D Galton

15. It is the types of patterns, EXCEPT:

A. Ordinary C. Whorl
B. Arches D. Loop
16. In fingerprinting, the space between shoulders of a loop, free from any
appendage, and abutting in right angle;
A. Sufficient recurve C. Core
B. Complete curve D. Straight arrow
17. In assigning a number value to whorl pattern, what finger should be
given a value of 4 when a whorl pattern appears therein:
A. Left thumb and right thumb fingers
B. Right little and left thumb fingers
C. Right thumb and left little fingers
D. Left little and right thumb fingers
18. In fingerprinting, it refers to the process of counting the intervening
ridges that touch or cross an imaginary line drawn between the core and the
delta;
A. Ridge tracing C. Ridge counting
B. Delta tracing D. All of these
19. It is the condition of the skin that is common in the bodies buried to the
ground;
A. Mummification C. Rigor Mortis
B. Putrefaction D. Maceration

20. The core and delta are also termed as:

A. Inner terminus C. outer ridge
B. Focal points D. Pattern area
21. How many ridge counts must a pattern have to be a loop?
A. 5 B. 2 C. 10 D. 1

22. A part of the whorl or loop where the sores, delta and ridges appears.
A. Type lime C. Bifurcation
B. Pattern area D. Furrow
23. If the number of intervening lines is below three then this would have
been?
A. Inner tracing C. Outer tracing
B. Ring inner tracing D. Meeting tracing
24. In Dactyloscopy, if we say a person with polydactyl hand, he has ______?
A. Extra hand C. Extra finger
B. Extra nails D. Extra hair
25. The core and delta are also termed as _______?
A. Inner terminus C. Outer terminus
B. Focal point D. Pattern area
26. The forking or dividing of one line to two or more branches is called
____?
A. Ridge B. Delta C. Island D. Bifurcation
27. This is a canal-like impression or depression found between the ridges;
A. Friction skin C. Ridge surface
B. Ridges D. Furrows
28. This refers to the study of fingerprints for the purpose of identification;
A. Dactyloscopy C. Dactylography
B. Podoscopy D. Poroscopy
29. What is the science of palm print identification?
A. Chiroscopy C. Poroscopy
B. Podoscopy D. Astrology
30. A 32 over 32 would indicate all _____ patterns in primary classification;
A. Whorl B. Tented Arch C. Loop D. Radial
31. It is a means of identification by means of teeth structure;
A. Bertillon System C. Odontology
B. Hair D. Blood
32. William Herschel first used fingerprints on native contract on _________
year;
A. 1882 C. 1886
B. 1876 D. 1858
33. It is another means of identification through bodily measurement;
A. Hair C. Odontology
B. Blood D. Bertillon system
34. He had to record the fingerprints of the resident of Jungipoor, India to
reduce fraud;
A. Herschel B. Faulds C. Galton D. Henry
35. He used his own fingerprints on his own document to prevent forgery;
A. Herschel B. Malpighi C. Thompson D. Galton

36. In what place Alphonse Bertillon was born?

A. Paris B. France C. India D. Nero
37. During whose time that teeth identification was already used;
A. Agrippina B. Nero’s time C. Herschel D. Henry
38. What is the birth date of Alphonse Bertillon?
A. April 24, 1835 C. April 24, 1825
B. April 24, 1953 D. April 24, 1853
39. Who is the first person used teeth identification
A. Agrippino B. Vucetich C. Agrippina D. Bertillon
40. What is the outer layer of hair
A. Cuticle B. Cortex C. Medulla D. Thenar
41. It is taking of fingerprint of the deceased person.
A. Fingerprinting C. Putrefaction Fingerprinting
B. Rigor Mortis D. Post-Mortem Fingerprinting

42. This is the most widely used method for finding invisible blood;
A. Takayama test C. Luminol test
B. Kastle-Meyer Color test D. Teichmann test
43. It is a crystal test used for the confirmation of the presence of blood on
samples that screened positive with LMG.
A. Takayama test C. Luminol test
B. Kastle-Meyer Color test D. Blood examination
44. A German anthropologist who led the way in the study of friction ridge
skin permanence.
A. Marcelo Malpighi C. William Herschel
B. Hermann Welcker D. Gilbert Thompson
45. What are the depressed portions or canal structure of the friction skin
found between ridges?
A. Pores B. Indentions C. Furrows D. Duct
46. What are those that are sometimes referred to as papillary or epidermal
ridges?
A. Latent print C. Dermal ridges
B. Friction ridges D. Fingerprints
47. What fingers are rolled towards the body in taking a rolled impressions?
A. both little fingers C. both thumb fingers
B. all fingers except thumb D. both index fingers
48. What is the type of a pattern in which the looping or slanting ridges
flows towards the little finger?
A. Loop B. Ulnar loop C. Radial loop D. Tented arch
49. What types of a pattern possesses an angle, an up-thrust, or two or
three basic characteristics of the loop?
 A. Plain arch C. Tented arch
B. Accidental whorl D. Ulnar loop
50. When a ridge bifurcates, sending two ridges across the imaginary line,
how it is counted?
A. One B. Three C. Two D. Six
51. He first used fingerprints on native contracts in Hoogly district in
Jungipoor, India.
A. John Evangelist Purkinje C. Dr. Henry Faulds
B. Marcelo Malpighi D. Sir William Herschel
52. It is said that the fingerprints of a person will be carried from womb to
tomb. What principle greatly described the phrase?
A. principle of individuality C. principle of permanency
B. principle of infallibility D. all of these
53. The first conviction in the Philippine Case which gives recognition to the
science of fingerprint?
A. People Vs. Medina C. People Vs. Jennings
B. Miranda Vs. Arizona D. West Case
54. Ridge forms in the person’s fingers and feet during its infants stage
which usually starts:
A. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus life;
B. 3rd to 5th months after birth;
C. 5th to 6th month of the fetus life; and
D. 5th to 6th months after birth.
55. The following are considerations used for the identification of a loop
except one:
A. a ridges forming circuit C. a delta and core
B. a sufficient recurve D. a ridge count across a looping
ridge
56. What is the rule when there is a choice between a bifurcation and other
type of delta found in the fingerprint?
A. Bifurcation is selected C. The other type of delta is selected
B. Bifurcation is disregarded D. The one towards the core is selected
57. Which of the following is not true about the value or the importance of
fingerprinting?
A. Serve to provide evidence.
B. Prevent criminal substitutions.
C. Help identify victims of calamities like crime.
D. Speedily identifying the perpetrator.
58. It is placed just to the right of primary in the classification formula.
A. Sub-secondary classification C. Major division
B. Secondary classification D. Final classification
59. What type of pattern is that which could be found on the lower box of
the fingerprint card having a delta and core with a recurving ridge flowing
towards the no. 6 finger?
A. Ulnar loop B. Radial loop C. Loop D. Arches
60. What is that portion of the fingerprint bounded by the type lines where
the characteristics needed for interpretation/classification is found?
A. Loops B. Double lines C. Ridges D. Pattern area
61. Who wrote that if points were same between two fingerprints, it would
suffice as a positive identification?
A. Gilbert Thompson C. Edward Richard Henry
B. Agripino Ruiz D. Edmond Locard
62. A German doctor and anatomist, who contributed for the recognition of
principle of fingerprint, that fingerprint pattern or design may be similar,
they are never duplicated.
A. Edmond Locard C. Johann Cristoph Andreas
B. William Herschel D. Edward Richard Henry
63. Who was the Constabulary agent and fingerprint expert, who
successfully depended his finding base on 10 points of comparison?
A. Agripino Ruiz C. Juan Vucetich
B. Agrippina Ruiz D. Francis Galton
64. Known as the Father of Ridgeology?
A. Sir Francis Galton C. Sir Edward Richard Henry
B. Sir William Herschel D. Dr. Locard

65. Following are types of Delta, EXCEPT;

A. Dot C. Abrupt ending ridge
B. Bifurcation D. Rod
66. It is the meeting of two or more ridges at a certain point;
A. Convergence C. Divergence
B. Incipient Ridge D. Bifurcation
67. The ending ridge possessing a single pore is __________;
A. Dot C. Enclosure
B. Eyelet D. Ending Ridge
68. The spreading apart of two lines which have been running parallel or
nearby parallel is ________________;
A. Convergence C. Divergence
B. Type Line D. Pattern Area
69. The following are types of delta, EXCEPT:
A. Bar B. Dot C. Bifurcation D. Abrupt ending ridge
70. This is a type of core;
A. Dot B. Convergence C. Staple D. Bifurcation
71. A ridge of limited length with two or more pores is __________;
A. Short Ridge B. Rod C. Ending Ridge D. Ridge
72. The terminus of a short and long ridge is _____________;
A. Short Ridge B. Rod C. Ending Ridge D. Ridge
73. What is the ending ridge inside a looping ridge?
A. Ridge B. Short Ridge C. Rod D. Ending Ridge
74. In ridge tracing, when the imaginary line passes inward or above the
right delta and there are 3 or more intervening ridges, tracing is designated
as ____________?
A. Meeting B. Inner C. Outer D. Large

75. Which of the following best describes a loop pattern?

A. presence of 1 sufficient recurving ridge
B. has a bifurcation as the delta
C. 1 core at the point of the divergence
D. all of these
76. All BUT one, are the elements of a whorl pattern?
A. Usually possessing a circular formation at the center
B. Several patterns may be present
C. It may bear 2 or more deltas
D. none of these
77. The right and left little fingers are used exclusively for the final
classification. However, they are also considered in what classification?
A. Primary B. Secondary C. Sub-secondary D. Final
78. These are tiny portions or a hill-like structure found on the epidermis of
friction skin containing sweat, with pores appearing as black likes in a
fingerprint impression.
A. Imaginary lines B. Furrows C. Black lines D. Ridges
79. The principle in fingerprint study that states that fingerprint cannot be
forged. Fingerprint is a reliable and a positive means of identification.
A. principle of infallibility C. principle of permanency
B. principle of individuality D. principle of constancy
80. The following are the requisites of a loop, EXCEPT ONE:
A. It must have a core C. It must have a complete circuit
B. It must have a delta D. It must have a ridge count of at least
one
81. In fingerprinting, it refers to the process of counting the intervening
ridges that touch or cross an imaginary line drawn between the core and the
delta.
A. Ridge counting C. Ridge tracing
B. Delta tracing D. All of these
82. Who is that Geologist in New Mexico who adopted the first individual use
of fingerprint on August 8, 1882 by using his own thumb prints as
protection to prevent tampering with the pay order he issued?
A. Alberto Reyes C. Samuel Clemens
B. Gilbert Thompson D. Henry De Forrest
83. In ridge counting a plain whorl or central pocket loop whorl in the little
finger it is derived by:
A. Treating it as ulnar loop C. Getting the ridge count of the top
loop
B. Getting the least ridge count D. Getting the delta opposite each
hand
84. The Chief Magistrate of the Hooghly District in India, first used
fingerprints on contracts with the natives. He is also known as father of
Chiroscopy.
A. JCA Myer C. John Evangelist Purkinji
B. Herman Welcker D. Sir William James
Herschel
85. Who discovered the two main layer of the friction skin (Epidermis and
Dermis) and to whom one of the thin layer of the friction skin was named.
A. Hermann Welcker C. Marcelo Malpighi
B. Nehemian Grews D. Dr. Henry Faulds
86. If the same digits of both hands are missing, the impressions are held to
be:
A. Plain whorl on meeting
B. Dependents on ridges tracing
C. Loops
D. Dependents on the classification of the print of the finger.
87. A person committing a crime would always leave something behind and
may be considered as an integral part in the identification of the suspect
especially if it is a “Latent Print”. This prints are made through the:
A. Ridge of the skin C. Furrows of the skin
B. Ridge formation D. Perspiration on top of the
finger
88. Fingerprints help to positively identify people because of the principle
that:
A. its pattern reveals racial origin
B. they are available in most places
C. no two persons have identical fingerprints
D. it can be lifted at the crime scene
89. What type of pattern consists of two deltas, one or more ridge forming a
complete circuitry and when an imaginary line is drawn from left delta to
right delta it touches or cross the circuiting ridge/s considered as the most
common type of whorl?
A. Plain whorl C. Central pocket loop whorl
B. Double loop whorl D. Accidental whorl
90. What fingerprint pattern have slope or downward flow of the innermost
sufficient recurve towards the thumb of the radius bone of the hand of
origin.
A. Ulnar loop C. Tented arch
B. Accidental whorl D. Radial loop
91. Who is that fingerprint pioneer who introduced the fingerprint
classifications that dominated in almost all English speaking countries of
the world?
A. Sir Francis Galton C. Professor Johannse E. Purkinji
B. Sir Edward Richard Henry D. Dr. Henry Faulds
92. Symbolized by letter W in the fingerprint classification, this fingerprint
pattern have two deltas in which at least one ridge makes a turn through
one complete circuit.
A. Plain whorl C. Central pocket loop whorl
B. Accidental whorl D. Ulnar loop
93. Who is that anthropologist who published a study of fingerprint science
that included the system of classification to facilitate the collected
fingerprints?
A. Nehemia Grew C. Johannes Purkinji
B. Francis Galton D. Marcelo Malpighi

94. The illegitimate mother of the two murdered children whom she was
accused because of the latent prints that has been found on the scene of the
crime. Who is that person, in which without his participation the case will
not be solve?
A. Francisca Rojas C. Francis Galton
B. Juan Vucetich D. Edward Henry
95. Fingerprint Identification is now one of the most indispensable tools of
investigation because of its use in identifying the perpetrators. Classifying
the person’s fingerprints is a work of the art of:
A. Edward B. Richard C. Galton D. Henry
96. The ridges of the skin is part of the dermal surface that is why
sometimes it is called as the dermal ridges and it will not be forged. The
statements best drescribes:
A. principle of individuality C. principle of permanency
B. principle of infallibility D. principle of unchanging
97. Which of the following is true about fingerprinting?
A. methods of identification
B. can be found on the terminal part of the hand
C. cannot be distinguished
D. carried from birth to grave
98. Which of the following is not true about accidental whorl?
A. Two deltas are present
B. Two loop patterns are present having separate shoulders
C. Combination of two whorls and a loop
D. May possess two or more types of pattern except plain arch
99. It is very center point of the pattern area and one of the very important
focal points of a pattern especially for loops. What is the core of the pattern
having a terminal point?
A. Core B. Delta C. Ridge end D. Short ridge
100. A delta may be any of the following, EXCEPT:
A. Bifurcation which is not opening towards the core;
B. Dot or fragmentary as thick as the other ridges;
C. A point of a first recurving ridge located nearest to the center and
in front of
the divergence of the type lines;
 D. A meeting of two ridges
101. Condition before fragments and dots are counted.
A. they must be touched or cut by the imaginary line
B. they must be as thick and heavy as other ridges
C. they must be in the line of flow
D. they must be found inside the pattern area
102. If an appendage is present between the shoulders of a loop (innermost
recurve), the one being considered for purpose of locating the core is;
A. next loop outside with no appendage at right angle
B. next loop inside
C. the same loop even with an appendage
D. next loop outside with appendage at right angle.
103. In ridge tracing, the reference is on;
A. upper side or point of the extreme right delta
B. lower side or point of the extreme left delta
C. upper side or point of the moderate left delta
D. upper side or point of the moderate right delta.
104. In the classification line, the order should be:
A. Primary, secondary, sub-secondary, final, major and key
B. Major, key, primary. Secondary, sub-secondary, final
C. Primary, secondary, sub-secondary, major, final, and key
D. Key, major, primary, secondary, sub-secondary, final
105. A pattern possessing most of the elemental characteristics of a whorl
but became so special because of its unique combination of two distinct
loops. The statement is referring to what type of pattern?
A. Plain whorl C. Accidental whorl
B. Central pocket loop whorl D. Double loop whorl
106. It is obtained by counting the ridges of the first loop appearing on the
fingerprint card (beginning with the right thumb), exclusive of the little
fingers which are never considered for the key as they are reserved for the
final.
A. Primary B. Final C. Key D. Major
107. On the night of August 2, 2020, a certain burglary happened on the
store of a Japanese Merchant. On the scene of the crime, laying the dead
body of the victim stained by his own blood and the presence of several
evidences found including the fingerprints of the three unidentified persons.
If you are one of those three persons whose fingerprints were found on the
scene of the crime. What will be the basis of the investigators in case they
will hold you as one of the responsible regarding the commission of the
crime?
A. principle of individuality C. principle of permanency
B. principle of infallibility D. principle of constancy
108. Before the arrival of DNA test, personal identification through
fingerprint is most widely used around the county and around the world in
positively identifying person especially if the subject us beyond recognition.
The reason behind this lied on the principle that:
 A. Its pattern reveals racial origin
B. They are available in most places
C. It can be lifted at the crime scene
D. No two persons have identical fingerprints
109. It is the ridge count of the loop in the little fingers is ______
classification.
A. Major B. Key C. Final D. Secondary

110. The following are consideration used for the identification of a loop
except one;
A. Ridge forming circuit C. A ridge count across a looping
ridge
B. Delta and core D. A sufficient recurve
111. The process of recording fingerprint through the use of fingerprint ink;
A. Fingerprinting C. Printing press
B. Pathology D. Dactyloscopy
112. The fingerprint method of identification;
A. Fingerprinting C. Printing press
B. Pathology D. Dactyloscopy
113. The minimum identical characteristics to justify the identity between
two prints;
A. Fifteen (15) C. Nine (9)
B. Eighteen (18) D. Twelve (12)
114. It is the condition of the skin that is noted in bodies immersed longer
on water;
A. Maceration C. Putrefaction
B. Mummification D. Rigor Mortis
115. It is noted in the bodies found in the open, dry protected place or
bodies subjected to severe heat;
A. Rigor Mortis C. Mummification
B. Maceration D. Putrefaction

116. Those made by fingers smeared with colored substance, can be seen by
naked eye without being developed;
A. Latent print C. Visible latent print
B. Invisible latent print D. Semi-visible latent print
117. Rigor Mortis is set-in when muscles become ________.
A. Soft B. Stiff C. Soaked D. Dried
118. Most common type of change impression; print cannot be seen by the
naked eye;
A. Semi-visible latent print C. latent print
B. Visible latent print D. Invisible latent print
119. Latin word of finger;
A. Dermal B. Dermis C. Dactyl D. Digitus
120. What are the little openings on the skin from where sweat is excreted?
A. Whorl B. Ridges C. Loops D. Pores

121. It is taking of fingerprint of the deceased person.

A. Fingerprinting C. Putrefaction Fingerprinting
B. Post-Mortem Fingerprinting D. Rigor Mortis Fingerprinting
122. A ridge that curves back in the same direction from where it entered.
A. Recurving ridge C. Convergence
B. Shoulder of the loop D. Sufficient recurve
123. They are prints made in plastic materials;
A. Invisible latent print C. Latent print
B. Visible latent print D. Semi-visible latent print
124. It is the thorough study of the palms of the human hand as a point in
identifying persons;
A. Podoscopy B. Chiroscopy C. Dactyloscopy D. Poroscopy

125. A term coined by Wilder and Wenworth which refers to the examination
of the soles and their significance in personal identification;
A. Podoscopy B. Chiroscopy C. Dactyloscopy D. Poroscopy

126. In taking the fingerprint, it is a must to instruct the subject to;

A. Relax the fingers C. Exert pressure on the inking process
B. Stiffen the fingers D. Wash both hands before taking the prints

127. To determine whether a loop is a radial or ulnar, it is important that we

should know what _____ the fingerprint pattern came from.
A. Finger B. Person C. Pattern D. Hand

128. Minimum identical characteristics detail to justify the identity between

two prints in the Philippines;
A. 8 B. 12 C. 10 D.
16
129. A forensic chemist is tasked to examine the chemical nature and
composition of the following, EXCEPT:
A. Fingerprint C. Explosive
B. Blood D. Body fluids
130. A Dogmatic Principle which postulates that the fingerprint cannot be
forged.
A. Principle of individuality C. Principle of constancy/permanency
B. Principle of infallibility D. All of these
131. A fingerprint pattern in which the ridges form a sequence of spirals
around core axes;
A. Plain whorl C. Double loop whorl
B. Radial loop whorl D. Accidental whorl
132. A kind of fingerprint which is found on soft and sticky objects as wax
and tape?
A. Visible print C. Semi-visible print
B. Invisible print D. All of these
133. Fingerprints left on various surfaces at the crime scene which are not
clearly visible are refers to as:
A. Plane impressions C. Visible impressions
B. Rolled impressions D. Latent fingerprints

134. In an accidental whorl type of pattern, what pattern is not included in

the combination?
A. Ulnar loop C. Plain whorl
B. Tented arch D. Plain arch
135. In the distribution of percentage in the fingerprint pattern, 35% is
being represented by what group?
A. Loop B. Arch C. Whorl D. Radial loop
136. Is that appears as tiny black line with white dots (called pores) in an
inked finger impression?
A. Sweat pores B. Ridges C. Furrows D. Sweat duct
137. It refers to all fingerprints left at the crime scene including those left
accidentally or unconsciously;
A. Chance impressions C. Latent prints
B. Smudge prints D. Fragmentary prints

138. The innermost ridges run parallel and surrounded to the pattern area
are known as ______ ?
A. Type lines C. Criss-crossing ridges
B. Long ridges D. Rideology

139. What fingers are disregarded in key classification?

A. Index B. Thumb C. Little D. Ring

140. What is the major classification of right thumb with a ridge count of
20, and the left thumb has a ridge count of 16.
A. Medium B. Outer C. Small D. Large