Cybercrime: Examples and Mini-Cases

 Official Website of Maharashtra Government Hacked,

 Indian Banks Lose Millions of Rupees,
 Parliament Attack,
 Pune City Police Bust Nigerian Racket,
 e-mail spoofing instances.
 The Indian Case of online Gambling,
 An Indian Case of Intellectual Property Crime,
 Financial Frauds in Cyber Domain.
Case Study: Official Website of Maharashtra Government (Hacked Mumbai)

On 20th September 2007 IT specialists were attempting to re-control the official

website of the Maharashtra government which was hacked.
http:/www.maharashtragovernment.in, stayed blocked. Vice President R.R Patil
confirmed that that the Maharashtra government site has been hacked. He affirmed
that the state government will look into this matter and asked the Digital wrong
doing Branch to examine the hacking. Patil said if there would be need them the
state would hire private IT officials for this matter.

While, reestablishing the site disclosed to the Middle Easterner News that that
programmers may have decimated majority of it's substance. IT officials said that
the hackers were recognized as, Program Cool Al- Jazeera and added that they
were in Saudi Arabia. Senior authority from government IT decision said that the
official site has been influenced by infections on a few events before, however was
never hacked.

Three individuals were held liable for on line Visa trick, as people were abused
through online methods for booking air tickets. These parties were helped by
Digital Wrongdoing Examination Cell in Pune. Mr. Parvesh Chauhan, ICICI
Prudential extra security officer gripped for one of his client. As per data given by
the police, one of the client got a message for buying air tickets when the
master card was held by him. He directly went to the bank when he came to
know about the issue. The tickets were booked through the online methods.

Later after examination it was disclosed that the information was gotten from State
Bank of India. Shaikh was working in the Visa department and he had the
information about the new clients. Further, he shared the information to Kale. Kale
further passed this information to his friend Lukkad, who further booked air tickets
from the acquired information and sold them for equivalent amount of money.
Digital Cell head DCP Sunil Pulhari was associated for eight days and lastly
caught the offenders.

Cyber Frauds In The Indian Banking

Industry
The Indian Banking industry is old and many changes are brought in this industry
since liberalization. The banking system is well regulated and supervised, it
involves moral practice, financial distress and company governance. The call for
development has given this unit monstrous probabilities and so, banks are
presently among the best recipients of the IT insurgence. The on-line exchanges
mounting on advancements like NEFT (National Electronic Store Exchange),
RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement), ECS (Electronic Clearing Administration)
and transportable exchanges has provided aid in saving cash and fund problems.

Consequently, with the development of computers and net innovation, new forms
of overall violations referred to as 'Digital Wrongdoings' has advanced within the
scene. Over some years, the character and example of Digital Wrongdoing
occurrences have progressively fashionable and complicated. Banks and funds
connected Foundations stay the intense focuses of digital culprits within the most
up-to-date decade. conspicuously financial profit is till now the important
inspiration driving most cybercriminal exercises and there's token shot of this ever-
changing shortly.

Indian Banks Lose Millions of Rupees

Until mid-1990s, managing an account segment in many parts of the world was
basic and dependable; anyway since the coming of innovation, the keeping money
division saw a change in perspective in the wonder. Banks so as to upgrade their
client base presented numerous stages through which exchanges should be possible
absent much exertion. These advancements empowered the client to get to their
bank funds 24*7 and year around through, ATMs and Web based managing an
account methods.

With the pace in innovation, the money cheating cases have increased. Cyber
criminals are using different techniques to collect bank data and last their cash.
Various specialized techniques have been used by the banks to safeguard these
crimes, but this issue still holds on. The explanation for this is the resistance
measures right now accessible with banks are accessible in the open market or area
which can be used by a digital criminal, who can easily cross the safety standards.
One of the techniques to relieve the issue of digital wrongdoings in keeping money
segment is to distinguish the variables by banks and the issue of digital
wrongdoings. Banks which are the most part focusses of digital wrongdoings
experience the effects of different online assaults like phishing, keystroke logging
malwares, wholesale fraud etc.

Cyber Crime in Banking Sector

Digital wrongdoing can be explained as a contravention that includes a place of
wrongdoing, target, instrument, source, PC and a network as a medium. With the
increased digital based business transactions, these wrongdoings have floated
towards an advanced world.

These kind of digital assaults are increasing all around and India has been seeing a
sharp increase in digital contravention cases in the previous few years. In 2016 an
investigation by Juniper Exploration evaluated that worldwide expenses of
cybercrime could be as high as 2.1 trillion by 2019.

Digital violations can be comprehensively be arranged into classification such as

digital harassing, programming robbery, wholesale fraud, Email spam, online
robbery.

The online wrongdoings can be classified as:

 Hacking: It is an unlawful access to a system to degenerate or to see any

misguidedly information.
 Phishing: It includes a procedure to collect private data like username,
password, one time password etc.
  Vishing: A criminal act for social designing via phone to access an
individual and budgetary data from population with the goal to attain
monetary benefits.
 Spamming: spontaneous messages sent to a mass population trying to
constrain the message in individuals who might not get it.
 ATM Skimming and Purpose Offer Wrongdoings: It is the most developed
method of trading off ATM machine or POS by introducing a gadget on the
keypad which copies the same thing. Effective execution of skimmers
through ATM machines gather the card numbers and personal information
that are later repeated to do fake transactions

Internet Banking in India

Electronic Keeping money or e-managing an account alludes where saving money
exercises are completely utilizing instructive and PC innovation over human asset.
In contrast to the traditional method in e-managing there is no physical association
with the banks and their customers.

E-managing is the conveyance of banks data and administration to clients by

means of various conveyance stages which can be utilized through PC and mobile
phones or advanced TV.[3]

A working gathering on managing was established by RBI. For the management

and administration, the gatherings partitioned money into 3 categories:

1. Enlightening Framework: This category gives data about credit plans,

branch areas, financing costs to the clients. The client can download
different utilities according to their personal needs. There is no sensible
possibility of any unapproved individual getting into the creation
arrangement of the bank.
2. Open Framework: This gives data to client about his record balance. The
data can be checked by clients after confirmation and signing through
passwords.
3. Value Based Framework: In this category the clients can do changes through
it's framework and they are directly transferred to the clients record. A bi
directional change takes place between the bank and client and between
client and the outsider. This framework is used trough instruments like http
 and https. E keeping money incorporates Web Saving money, Portable
Managing an account, RTGS, ATM's, Master Cards, Charge Cards and keen
cards and so forth.

Reasons for Cyber Crime

Hart in his work, the idea of law has said people are helpless so standard of law is
required to ensure them'. After applying this we may state that PC's are powerless
so standard of law is required to secure and protect them against digital
wrongdoing. Following are some reasons.

1. Loss of proof
2. Negligence
3. Complex
4. Easy to access
5. Capacity to store information in little place.

Impact of Cyber Crime on Banking Sector

The main cases have been identified because of the violent upsurge in cell phones
with internet. Mobile phones are used for a number of online services like web
saving money, paying service charges, web based shopping and is according to the
criminals to acquire access to criminal data.

In the cases, where the hackers are not able to get significant data, the destroy the
bank's site as a measure to render against their endeavors.
Other than monetary benefits from digital assaults, the illicit business generally
termed as the Darkweb[7] adds to the cybercrime as a tool for trading individual
data. Touchy data including stolen Card Numbers, web based managing account,
therapeutic records and authoritative access to servers are exchanged for cash in
this online network

India's First ATM Card Fraud

The Chennai police busted a gang associated with digital wrongdoing. The police
caught Deepak Prem Manwani aged 22 years who was caught breaking into an
ATM in the month of June. According to the police report when he was detained,
he has with him Rs 7.5 lakh knocked from two ATMs in The Nagar and
Abiramipuram in Chennai. Preceding that, he had left with Rs 50,000 from an
ATM in Mumbai.

Manwani was an MBA dropout from a Pune school and was filled in a Chennai
based firm. His wrongdoing started from a web bistro. He had some contacts who
were sitting in Europe, they used to give him a card of a couple of American banks
for 5 Dollars each. The administrator of the European site had an interesting plan
to get individual ID Number of the clients.

That organization had a huge number of supporters. Evidently Manwani and other
supporters went into the arrangement of this pack and bought a numerous
information, on specific terms, are basically into an arrangement on a good sharing
premise. Additionally, Manwani also learned how to create 30 plastic cards that
contained important information to empower him to break ATMs.

After receiving huge number of complaints from the charged Visa clients and
banks in the US, the FEI began an investigation and alarmed the CBI in New Delhi
that universal pack has developed in India as well.

Findings
Maximum part of the Cybercrime consists of hacking and data fraud.

 Banks are becoming more and more focus as all the people's money is held
with banks.
 The security of their clients is at huge risk since it has turned out to be
anything but difficult to hack their own database.
 The quantity of cases by cyber cell has remained low throughout the
previous years, with just 20 percent achieve rate.

There is no such order that deals with these violations, especially with the saving
money segments.

Suggestions

1. The society should report these cases to the Digital Wrongdoing Branch
rather than involving the branches for quick and strict activities.
2. Projects should be started to aware the public about the continuous situations
and forthcoming situations.
 3. Punishments should be practiced completely to stop these issues and punish
the assailants.
4. The legislature should keep a track on the working system of Huge
information banks.
5. There should be quick dispose of cases, to meet the complaints and fabricate
certainty among the general public.
6. The law implementation should be strict and occasionally monitor such
wrongdoings.

How to Report
With the increase in the digital world, especially when it comes to banking
transactions, the risk of financial frauds cannot be ignored. A fraudulent online
transaction in one's bank account, debit or credit card could be because of e-mail
spoofing, phishing or it could have been an act committed by cloning one's card.

If you a fraud related to net banking or ATM transactions, or any other online
transaction happens, you have to raise a complaint. But, before filing a written
complaint with the bank or the card issuer, the victim must have following
documents.

 Bank statement of the last six months of the concerned bank.

 Make a copy of SMSs received related to the alleged transactions.
 Take copy of your ID proof and address proof as shown in the bank records.
 Lodge a complaint in your nearest police station explaining the complete
incidence along with the above documents.

There are several fake apps being floating around in the cyber world. In case of
any financial fraud committed through an app, in addition to the above mentioned
documents, also furnish the screenshot of the malicious app and the location from
where it was downloaded.

Where to File Complaint

The complaint can be filed in the nearest police station. if any of the police officer
does not lodge an FIR then a direct complaint can be made to the magistrate.

Liability
Now, if the fraud happens and the bank is not at fault and it was committed by a
third-party through an act of scamming, phishing etc, the RBI rules says that the
customer is not required to pay if the breach has been reported within three days of
the fraudulent transaction. A transaction reported after that but within seven days,
the per transaction liability of the customer will be limited to the transaction value
or an amount set by the central bank, whichever is lower.

Recommendations
Managing of accounts is one of the important function of our economy. The
increasing number of cyber wrongdoings has brought a great lose to our economy.
Cyber assaults ought to be averted by appropriate enactment which is actualised
adequately. Both the clients and the banks should take appropriate shield measures.
The Indian Government has set up an Entomb Departmental Data Security
Team (ISTF) with the National Security Board as the nodal organization for
the coordination of all issues identifying with viable usage of it's digital security
technique.

Cyber Fraud Council in Banks

At whatever point a digital extortion is carried out the unfortunate casualty should
answer to the Digital Misrepresentation Gathering that must be set up by in every
single bank to audit, screen research and report about digital wrongdoing. In the
event that, such Committee does not take perform or declines to play out its
obligation then an arrangement to record a FIR must be made.

The issue to be brought before such gathering can be of any esteem. In any case,
when the esteem is high then the Committee will act quickly. RBI in its 2011
Report expressed that when bank fakes are of short of what one Crore then it may
not be important to require the consideration of the Extraordinary Advisory Group
Board.

Education to Clients
The client must be aware about different bank cheats and measures should be taken
to educate them for security components with the objective that they don’t fall prey
as casualties of cybercrime. If a client is cognizant and reports a particular matter
of cybercrime timely, then the rate of cybercrimes can be diminished. A client
should be made aware of the rules and regulation of E-Managing an account. This
awareness can be brought to the customers by publishing on banks site, distributing
in paper, sending messages, training and so on.

On the off chance and a bank present any new strategy or there are some other
progressions which are which are required to be trailed by all banks according to
RBI at that point bank must educate the client through phone.[9] The mindfulness
material ought to be opportune refreshed remembering the adjustments in the
enactment and rules of Reserve Bank of India.[10]

Training of Bank Employees

Introduction programs must be directed for the staff by banks. The staff must be
made mindful about misrepresentation counteractive action measures. It can be
done in a better way by distribution of pamphlets, through magazines. Center
saving money arrangement programming having discussion on elements causing
cybercrime and activities required to prevent them.

Cooperation at International Level to Curb Cybercrime

The internet is transnational in nature and requires mutual understanding between
states to cooperate to turn away cybercrime. In spite of the fact that, a couple of
bargains and usage estimates exist a healthy methodology characterizing legitimate
and specialized measures and authoritative abilities is yet to take focal significance
for India in its objective to add to the worldwide battle against cybercrime.

IT Act, 2000 having additional regional application represents an issue in

examination, arraignment and removal of outside nationals. India ought to
effectively connect as a feature of the worldwide cybercrime network focused on
Asia, Europe and America to look for help and furthermore add to universal
cybercrime issues.

Conclusion
In my opinion no sort of crime should be tolerated. The safety and privacy of an
individual should be safeguarded. Every person has a right to live in a secure
environment, no matter in real life or on internet.
After doing the research on this issue, I understand the motive of the cyber-
criminals. To a certain extent, I see why some choose to take their
political/religious protests online.

 Protestors are likely to get caught

 Online protests get due attention
 Support is gained quickly.
 Global reach through internet.

However, I find Cyber Crime more serious offence than the real life crimes, as it
effects millions of web users at once. In real life it harms only a few number of
persons.
When online business activities get disrupted, it leads to great problems for
customers and companies. With technology being such a big part of our lifestyle
today, cybercrime has no place in it. For instance, following cybercrime on Sony,
the Federal Bureau of Investigation has issued search warrants to arrest the
culprits. To me, it is a massive piece of news, because it indicates strengthening
commitment against these criminals.

Parliament Attack Cyber Crime Case Study

Bureau of Police Research and Development at Hyderabad had handled
some of the top cyber cases, including analysing and retrieving
information from the laptop recovered from terrorist, who attacked
Parliament. The laptop which was seized from the two terrorists, who
were gunned down when Parliament was under siege on December 13
2001, was sent to Computer Forensics Division of BPRD after
computer experts at Delhi failed to trace much out of its contents.

The laptop contained several evidences that confirmed of the two

terrorists' motives, namely the sticker of the Ministry of Home that they
had made on the laptop and pasted on their ambassador car to gain entry
into Parliament House and the the fake IDcard that one of the two
terrorists was carrying with a Government of India emblem and seal.

The emblems (of the three lions) were carefully scanned and the seal
was also craftily made along with residential address of Jammu and
Kashmir. But careful detection proved that it was all forged and made on
the laptop.
 Pune City Police Bust Nigerian Racket

A.Four foreign nationals have been arrested by Pune Police

Four foreign nationals have been arrested from Pune for allegedly cheating several people of
lakhs with the promise of jobs abroad, police said on Thursday.—Jan - 2021

A team of the Cyber police from the Mumbai crime branch raided a flat in Undri area of Pune
and arrested the four accused on Wednesday, an official said.

The arrested accused include Nigerian and West African nationals who allegedly got in touch
with at least 2,000 job seekers of various countries and cheated them, the official said.

As many as 14 mobile phones, four laptops, three memory cards, five routers, a data card,
two international SIM cards were recovered from the premises, he said.

During the investigation, the police found that the accused had transferred at least ₹ 10 crore to a
Nigerian bank, he said.

The accused had collected this amount from job seekers in the form of visa fees, programme
fees, employment authorisation and travel allowance, the official said.

The racket came to light on January 15, when Chembur resident Vishal Mandavkar
approached the Cyber police with the complaint of online fraud, he said.

According to the police, Vishal Mandavkar had responded to an advertisement about a job at a
prominent hotel in Canada and mailed his resume, following which he was asked to deposit ₹
17.22 lakh as visa fee, programme fee, employment authorisation and travel allowance.

Once the amount was paid, the contact person stopped responding to the complainant's calls, it
was stated.
B.Pune: Two Nigerians Arrested For Cloning
ATM Card And Withdrawing Money
Pune, 30 April 2021: The officials from the cyber police station of the Pune city police have
nabbed two Nigerian nationals for installing scammers and cameras at ATM centres and
obtaining citizens’ confidential information, making fake ATM cards from it, and
withdrawing money from their bank accounts.

According to the police, they received a complaint on April 28 from a person that a total of Rs
1.1 lakh was withdrawn from his account for three consecutive days without using his
ATM card. The transactions took place at an ATM centre of Dharmaveer Sambhaji Urban Bank
at Kasarwadi, Nashik Fata, Pune. The transactions had taken place between 6 am to 8 am.

Accordingly, the officials from the cyber police station set up a trap at around 5.30 am on
Thursday (April 29) at the said ATM and nabbed a Nigerian national who was withdrawing
money using the cloned cards, including that of the complainant.

The arrested foreigner has been identified as Nnam Gabriel Chukwuebuka, a resident of Pimple
Nilakh. Police seized four ATM cards from his possession. During the investigation, the arrested
accused told cops about another Nigerian national named Bashir alias Lucas William alias
Omoike Godson who had given him the ATM cards. Police arrested Bashir from a hotel near
Jagtap Dairy in Rahatani and seized 10 ATM cards from different banks, a black ATM card
reader, a software CD and some red-and-white stickers from his room.

Based on a complaint from Pandurang Subhash Kanda, the cyber police station has registered an
FIR against the two arrested accused of offences under Sections 419, 420, 465, 467, 471, and 34
of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Section 66 (c), 66 (d) of the Information Technology Act.

The action was taken under the guidance of Commissioner of Police Amitabh Gupta, Joint
Commissioner of Police Ravindra Shiswe, Additional Commissioner of Police (Crime) Ashok
Morale, Deputy Commissioner of Police (Economic and Cybercrime) Bhagyashree Navatake,
and ACP Milind Patil.

The investigation team included Senior Police Inspector DS Hake, Police Inspectors Kumar
Ghadge, Pandit and Chintaman, API Gawte, PSI Anil Daffal, and police personnel Nitesh Shelar,
Sachin Waje, Anil Pundalik, Somnath Bhorde, Sandeep Yadav, Pravin Singh Rajput, Saurabh
Ghate, Rahul Handal, Girimallesh Chalwadi, and Kiran Jamdade.
 The Indian Case of online Gambling
The most popular and best casinos games in India are blackjack, roulette,
baccarat, poker, slots and Indian card games such as Indian Rummy, Indian
Flush and Andar Bahar.

The online gambling culture in India is one of the most active in the entire world.
And this applies to varied aspects of betting as well. Betting on sports and casino
games is deeply embedded into the identity and culture of the Indian people. The
relationship that Indians have with gambling and casinos has been well-
documented over the decades through spikes in the global industry. However,
when it comes to the gambling laws in India, not everything is always going to be
cut and dry. In fact, due to the ambiguity and vagueness surrounding gambling
legislation in India, many people might actually question the legality of betting
on games like online slots, poker, and baccarat.

Performing a quick search query in India will offer citizens a variety of different
betting platforms that are offering all sorts of different bonuses and promotions
that are looking to lure new users onto their sites. However, it still begs to ask the
question as to whether online gambling in India really is legal or not. After all,
more and more people are becoming more attuned to using technology in their
everyday lives. These days, practically everyone interacts with a mobile smart
device like a smartphone or a tablet. Aside from that, a lot of people in India now
have access to high-speed internet. All of these ingredients combined have allowed
for the online gambling market to flourish. But there remains to be a lot of grey
area when it comes to the laws and regulations behind gambling in India.

According to the Public Gambling Act of 1867, practically all forms of

gambling are illegal in India. Technically speaking, based on this act alone,
placing bets on horse races or cricket matches is prohibited. However, there are
certain provisions within the law that mark a difference between games of skill
and games of chance. Technically, betters are allowed to place bets on games of
skill. This places a lot of ambiguity around the legislation because it’s not entirely
clear what constitutes the difference between a game of chance and a game of skill.
This is why the betting culture is still rampant despite its technical illegality. The
ambiguity allows for many establishments to circumvent certain provisions in
the Public Gambling Act.

India is also divided up into various independent states that are all mandated to
impose their own laws and regulations. Currently, the state of Sikkim is known to
offer a more liberal stance towards online betting. In 2009, Sikkim welcomed its
first casino and it now has a few lottery services that are run and operated by
the state itself. The state of Goa is popular for having a wide range of luxury
cruises and floating casinos that appeal to a large bulk of the tourism market.
Other states around the country are more strict when it comes to the establishment
of gambling operations.

Again, given the ambiguity of the law, it’s still possible for most Indian residents
to actually participate in online gambling. Technically speaking, casino operators
are not allowed to establish their operations within the country. However, that
doesn’t mean that residents of India can’t access offshore casino platforms. In
most of India, residents have access to gambling platforms from all over the world
that offer a variety of different casino games. Also, these casinos typically have
their transaction mechanisms set up through third-party service providers like
PayPal which are recognized worldwide. This is essentially how so many people in
India are still able to participate in online gambling activities despite its technical
illegality within the Public Gambling Act. To this day, no private citizen in India
has ever been charged for gambling illegally.

At the end of the day, there’s so much pressure on the Indian government to draft
newer and more relevant pieces of legislation when it comes to gambling. This is
because the potential revenues from taxes that could have been generated from
regulated gambling could have helped the national economy. Aside from that,
many foreign investors are eager to establish operations in India to penetrate a
market that’s rife with growth and potential. Ultimately, it still remains to be seen
as to whether the Indian government will look to respond to these calls for more
modern laws.

In fact, due to the ambiguity and vagueness surrounding gambling

legislation in India, many people might actually question the legality
of betting on games like online slots, poker, and baccarat. ...
According to the Public Gambling Act of 1867, practically all forms of
gambling are illegal in India