Report

Romania

Rome, 2020
FRA 2020 report, Romania

FAO has been monitoring the world's forests at 5 to 10 year intervals since 1946. The Global Forest Resources Assessments (FRA) are now produced every five years in an attempt to provide a consistent approach to
describing the world's forests and how they are changing. The FRA is a country-driven process and the assessments are based on reports prepared by officially nominated National Correspondents. If a report is not
available, the FRA Secretariat prepares a desk study using earlier reports, existing information and/or remote sensing based analysis.

This document was generated automatically using the report made available as a contribution to the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, and submitted to FAO as an official government document. The
content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO cannot be held responsible for any use made of the information contained in this document.

2
FRA 2020 report, Romania

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

1. Forest extent, characteristics and changes

2. Forest growing stock, biomass and carbon

3. Forest designation and management

4. Forest ownership and management rights

5. Forest disturbances

6. Forest policy and legislation

7. Employment, education and NWFP

8. Sustainable Development Goal 15

3
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Introduction
Report preparation and contact persons
The present report was prepared by the following person(s)

Name Role Email Tables

Claudiu Zaharescu National correspondent [email protected] All

Cătălin Drăcilă Collaborator [email protected] All

Gheorghe Marin Collaborator [email protected] All

Olivian Nutescu Collaborator [email protected] All

Introductory text
The basic law for forestry is the Forest Code - Law 46/2008, which defines the forestry regime, as a unitary system of technical, economic and legal regulations/norms on management planning, guarding, pest control, logging and regeneration of
forests, issued by the central public authority for forestry.

The sustainable forest management has a long tradition in Romania, practically the entire national forest area being managed in terms of the forestry regime.

Compliance with the forestry regime is mandatory for all forest owners, who have also the obligation to ensure the preparation and enforcement of forest management plans (drawing up the forest management plan is mandatory for forest holdings
of more than 10 hectares).

According to Forest Code, forest management or forest services should be ensured by forest districts for all forests, disregarding the ownership type, which are authorized forest management structures with certified forestry staff.

Forest conservation is one of the high priorities in the forestry legislation and the whole system of forest management planning in Romania. The tool used by foresters in order to promote the forest conservation and sustainability is the “functional
zoning” system of the forests. There are two major “functional groups” according to ecological, economic and social function to be accomplished by forests.

- Group I - about 53 %: forests with special protection function: water, soil, climate and industrial damaging factor, recreation, preservation of flora and biodiversity conservation, improvement of environmental conditions etc. There are two
categories in this group: when any intervention is forbidden or when cuttings are allowed if protection functions remain undisturbed.

- Group II – about 47 %: production and protection forests.

The report is based mainly on information provided by the National Forest Inventory (NFI) and the annual statistical reports of the National Institute of Statistics.

National Forest Inventories were developed in 1965, 1973, 1980 and 1984, based on information contained by the forest management plans.

A new multi-purpose NFI, based on a systematic sampling scheme, started in 2008 in order to cover all Romania’s forest vegetation, meaning the forestry fund, the woodlands outside of the forestry fund and trees outside forests.

The Romanian NFI is inspired from different NFI systems that are currently in use in the European countries and its characteristics were adapted to the size and the landscape conditions of Romania.

A pilot inventory has been conducted in 2007 and 2008 in order to verify the feasibility of the methods developed, to adapt them when necessary and ensure a proper inter-calibration of the field crews.

First cycle final results are available since the end of 2012 and the second cycle has been completed in 2018.

The National Forest Research and Development Institute Marin Drăcea, is responsible for the NFI design and implementation, field measurements, as well as results calculation and publication.

4
FRA 2020 report, Romania

1 Forest extent, characteristics and changes

1a Extent of forest and other wooded land
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Institute of Statistics, Statistical Yearbook 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010

National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry „Marin Drăcea” - National Forest Inventory, for 2015 and 2020

Romanian NFI is carried out during 5 years cycles and is based on a 4x4 km systematically grid covering entire country territory. The density of grid is higher in the plain area (2x2 km) because of lower forest cover.

In the south-west corner of a 4x4 (2x2) km grid square is located a cluster of 250x250 m with 4 sample plots on the corners.

Each sample plot contains seven circles, of which 3 are larger, concentric, with areas of 200 square meters, 500 square meters and 2000 square meters. There is also a set of 2 „satellites”, each of them formed from two concentric circles of 10,
respectively 3.14 square meters.

Specific different characteristics are determined in each circle.

National classification and definitions

All forests, lands for afforestation/reforestation, those that serve the needs of culture, production or forestry administration, ponds, beds of the creeks, other forest land for forestry destination, including non-productive land, included in forest
management plans on 1st of January 1990, including further area changes according to the entry-exit operations carried out under the law, constitute, regardless of the form of ownership, the national forestry fund.

The area of forest on abandoned agricultural land which changed the destination from agricultural land to forest land by legal acts, becoming national forest fund, has been considered as forest.

Forest (definition valid for the data for 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010) - land spanning at least 0.25 hectares with trees; trees should reach more than 5 meters height at maturity, in normal conditions of vegetation. It includes

a) windbreaks;
b) Pinus montana alpine shrubs;
c) afforested pastures with canopy cover more or equal than 40 percent, calculated only for the actual area occupied by forest vegetation d) plantations with forest species in the areas of protection of hydrotechnical works and land
improvements made on public land owned by the state, as well as plantations with forest species on the lands administered by the Agency of Domains of the State, which fulfill the conditions stipulated concerning forest definition;
Forest fund: All the forests, land destined for afforestation, those serving the needs of the forest cultivation, production or management, ponds, beds of the
creeks and other land for forestry destination and unproductive, regardless of ownership. It includes:
a) forests ;
b) land under regeneration and plantations established for forestry purposes;
c) land for afforestation: degraded land and land without trees, established by law to be afforested;
d) land that serve the needs of culture: nurseries, greenhouses, orchards and crops parent;
e) land that serve the needs of forest production: willow cultures, Christmas trees, fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs;
f) land that serve the needs of forest administration: land destined for ensuring game food and production of forage, land for temporary use by forestry staff;
g) land occupied by constructions and related courts: administrative premises, cottages, pheasant farms, trout farms, game farms, forest roads and railwais, industrial areas, other technical facilities specific to forest sector; temporarily occupied
land and those affected by the tasks and / or disputes, as well as the forest lands within the border corridor and the state border protection strip, and those intended to achieve objectives within the Integrated State Border Securing System;
h) ponds, creek beds and unproductive land included into forest management plans;

Forest vegetation outside the national forest fund = Forest vegetation located on land outside the national forest land that does not meet one or more criteria for defining forest. It includes the following categories:

a) plantations with forest species on agricultural land;

b) forest vegetation on pastures with canopy cover less than 40 percent;

c) wooded grassland;

d) plantations with forest species and trees on the protection areas of hydrotechnics and land reclamation works;

e) trees situated along rivers and canals;

5
FRA 2020 report, Romania

f) Urban green areas other than those defined as forests;

g) dendrologic parks and arboreta, other than those included in forests;

h) alignments of trees located along the transport and communication means

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
The estimation for 2016-2020 is based on information supplied by the National Forest Inventory

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

There is no reclassification

6
FRA 2020 report, Romania

1000 ha Forest Other wooded land

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

7
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Forest (a) 6 371.00 6 366.00 6 515.00 6 900.96 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05

Other wooded land (a) 314.00 234.00 404.00 93.59 15.57 15.57 15.57 15.57 15.57

Other land (c-a-b) 16 323.00 16 408.00 16 089.00 16 013.45 16 063.38 16 063.38 16 063.38 16 063.38 16 063.38

Total land area (c) 23 008.00 23 008.00 23 008.00 23 008.00 23 008.00 23 008.00 23 008.00 23 008.00 23 008.00

The FAOSTAT land area figure

for the year 2015 is used for all
reference years

Climatic domain % of forest area 2015 Override value

Boreal 0.00

Temperate 100.00

Sub-tropical 0.00

Tropical 0.00

Comments
The area reported as „forest” for the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010 is the area matching the definition of national „forest fund” and is from the Statistical yearbook (forest inventory based on forest management plans).

Forest area reported for 2015 and 2020 is from the National Forest Inventory 2012 and 2018, matching the FAO definition

Forest area reported for 2015 has been updated according to final results of NFI

The trend for Forest and for Other wooded land after 2010 is explained by reporting data from the new National Forest Inventory 2012, 2018 (which uses FRA definition for Forest).

8
FRA 2020 report, Romania

1b Forest characteristics
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Data sources -

National Institute of Statistics, Statistical researches 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010

National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry „Marin Drăcea” - National Forest Inventory, 2015 - 2020

National classification and definitions

National Forest Inventory adopted FAO definitions

Original data
Data from NFI for 2015

Area Sampling

Regeneration (ha) error

(%)

Seeds, natural 4667689.84 2.416

Seeds, sowing 20300.331 22.622

Seeds, seedlings planted 467986.822 6.212

Shoots 1220760.82 4.136

Root shoots 50897.529 13.968

Cuttings, planted 28176.999 15.918

Big slip 5547.724 35.056

Pollard-shoot 5117.597 34.051

Other 434484.612 6.263

Total 6900962.27 1.041

Data from NFI for 2020

Sampling
Area
Regeneration error
(ha)
(%)

Seeds, natural 4979648.436 2,440

Seeds, sowing 24636.217 19,660

Seeds, seedlings planted 476271.282 6,302

Shoots 998802.386 4,241

Root shoots 50544.676 14,748

9
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Cuttings, planted 28923.024 16,067

Big slip 5487.91 35,389

Pollard-shoot 4981.029 33,284

Other 359752.489 5,435

Total 6929047.448 1,034

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
Forecast estimated is based on data from the latest National Forest Inventory.

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

There is no reclassification

10
FRA 2020 report, Romania

1000 ha Naturally regenerating forest Plantation forest Other planted forest

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

11
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest

5 843.00 5 838.00 5 975.00 5 944.47 6 033.98 6 033.98 6 033.98 6 033.98 6 033.98
(a)

Planted forest (b) 528.00 528.00 540.00 956.49 895.07 895.07 895.07 895.07 895.07

Plantation forest 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

…of which introduced species 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other planted forest 528.00 528.00 540.00 956.49 895.07 895.07 895.07 895.07 895.07

Total (a+b) 6 371.00 6 366.00 6 515.00 6 900.96 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05

Total forest area 6 371.00 6 366.00 6 515.00 6 900.96 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05 6 929.05

Comments
Figures for Plantation forest are not available.

12
FRA 2020 report, Romania

1c Primary forest and special forest categories

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
The study „Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management in Romania”( 2000), carried out by the Forest Research and Management Planning Institute, based on the functional zoning used in the forest management plans which were in
force in 1999.

National Forest Inventory (2018)

National classification and definitions

There is no national definition for Primary forests

The functional zoning used in the technical norms for management planning (compulsory in developing forest management plans) set up functional categories and management functional types assigned accordingly.

The Functional type I = Forests with special functions for nature protection for which any wood harvesting operation is forbidden by law.

Thus, there are

- Strictly protected areas in national and natural parks

- Scientific reserves

- Nature reserves

- Landscape reserves

- Nature monuments

In addition, according to Forest Code, "The virgin and quasi-virgin forests shall be strictly protected and shall be included in « the National Catalogue of Virgin and Quasi-Virgin Forests» established as an instrument of accounting and
administration.

”The legal framework has been developed in this respect in order to establish the criteria and indicators for the identification of virgin and quasi-virgin forests in Romania and to set up adequate procedures to carry out necessary studies to identify
such forests.

Original data
According to the study „Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management in Romania”( 2000), carried out by the Forest Research and Management Planning Institute, the cumulated area of strictly protected areas in national and
natural parks, scientific reserves, nature reserves, landscape reserves and nature monuments was 127710 ha.

According to information provided by the National Forest Inventory (2018):

Sampling error
Functional type Forest area (ha)
[%]

Functional type I 165231.02 16.64

Functional type II 1126861.76 5.15

Functional type III 319627.60 9.12

Functional type IV 894175.93 6.75

Functional type V 23711.26 31.44

Functional type VI 4399439.89 2.76

Total 6929047.45 1.03

13
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

14
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Primary forest 127.70 127.70 127.70 165.23

Temporarily unstocked and/or

recently regenerated

Bamboos 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mangroves 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Rubber wood 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Comments
Data provided before has been changed, considering available data, more reliable, based on forest management plans.

Data for the years 2000 is assumed to be the same for the years 2010 and 2015 (from the study „Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management in Romania”( 2000), carried out by the Forest Research and Management Planning
Institute, based on the functional zoning included in the forest management plans, in force in 1999.

Data for 2020 is provided by the National Forest Inventory (2018), which determined forest area under the management functional type I = Forests with special functions for nature protection for which any wood harvesting operation is forbidden by
law.

15
FRA 2020 report, Romania

1d Annual forest expansion, deforestation and net change

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Institute of Statistics - Annual statistical reports

National classification and definitions

There is no reclassification

Original data
Afforestation
Year
(hectares/year)

1990 3518

1991 1203

1992 412

1993 298

1994 1358

1995 942

1996 1477

1997 657

1998 562

1999 884

2000 968

2001 1148

2002 2903

2003 4447

2004 4745

2005 3456

2006 5337

2007 1976

2008 2056

2009 582

2010 447

2011 1168

2012 938

2013 535

16
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2014 2431

2015 586

2016 611

2017 228

Forest area
removed
Year from the national
forest fund
(ha)

2005 296.53

2006 179.66

2007 168.56

2008 121.26

2009 116.59

2010 108.02

2011 182.41

2012 166.38

2013 56.05

2014 54.12

2015 16.74

2016 21.22

2017 34.17

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
Forecast estimated is based on data from the latest National Forest Inventory

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

There is no reclassification

17
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Area (1000 ha/year)

FRA categories
1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020

Forest expansion (a) 15.08 69.31 13.63

…of which afforestation 1.13 2.76 1.10 0.48

…of which natural expansion

Deforestation (b) 0.18 0.11 0.02

Forest area net change (a-b) -0.50 14.90 77.19 5.62

Comments
Deforestation (b) for 2000-2010 stands for the average of the years 2005-2009

Deforestation (b) for 2010-2015 stands for the average of the years 2010-2014

Deforestation (b) for 2015-2020 stands for the average of the years 2015-2017

18
FRA 2020 report, Romania

1e Annual reforestation
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Institute of Statistics - Annual statistical reports

National classification and definitions

Reforestation = Natural regeneration or re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use

Original data
Reforestation
Year
(hectares/year)

1990 25489

1991 15832

1992 12350

1993 10346

1994 14744

1995 13117

1996 12727

1997 10641

1998 9946

1999 10829

2000 12424

2001 12441

2002 13545

2003 10325

2004 9355

2005 10931

2006 10196

2007 8740

2008 21122

2009 22270

2010 23277

2011 23832

2012 24706

2013 25750

19
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2014 27074

2015 28163

2016 27845

2017 27789

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
The extrapolation for 2015 - 2020 is based on the average of the areas from the years 2015 - 2017.

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

The value of the area for 1990 - 2000 stands for the average of the areas from the years 1990 -1999

The value of the area for 2000 - 2010 stands for the average of the areas from the years 2000 - 2009

The value of the area for 2010 - 2015 stands for the average of the areas from the years 2010 -2014

The value of the area for 2015 - 2020 stands for the period 2015 - 2019, as previously

20
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Area (1000 ha/year)

FRA categories
1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020

Reforestation 13.60 13.13 24.93 27.93

Comments

21
FRA 2020 report, Romania

1f Other land with tree cover

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Forest Inventory

National classification and definitions

Land with trees that do not meet the conditions to be included in Forest or Other wooded land categories.

Includes: trees on land corresponding to Forest and Other wooded land definitions, but less than 0.5 ha or less than 20 m wide, scattered trees on pastures and permanent grasslands, parks and gardens around buildings, lines along streets,
roads, railways, rivers, watercourses and canals, forest protection belts with a width of less than 20 m or an area of less than 0.5 ha.

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

22
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Palms (a) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Tree orchards (b)

Agroforestry (c)

Trees in urban settings (d)

Other (specify in comments)

(e)

Total (a+b+c+d+e) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other land area 16 323.00 16 408.00 16 089.00 16 013.45 16 063.38

Comments

23
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2 Forest growing stock, biomass and carbon

2a Growing stock
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Forest Inventory (NFI)

Data for the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010 is estimated based on NFI1985 (which was stand inventory), using the relationship between forest area and the growing stock by unit of area (211.5 m3 per hectare), adjusting the growing stock with
the forest area variation.

Growing stock in 2015 was adjusted according to final results of the NFI 2012

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
Forest area and Growing stock
Categories
(National Forest Inventory 1985)

Growing stock (mill. m3) 1341.4

Forest area (1000 ha) 6343.1

Year 1985

Scientific name Common name Growing stock million m3

Fagus sylvatica Beech 472.6656

Picea abies Norway spruce 386.6146

Abies alba Silver fir 123.6708

Quercus petraea Sessile oak 102.598

Quercus robur Oak 22.4466

Tilia sp. Lime 19.1406

Populus sp. Poplars 16.6992

Robinia pseudacacia Black locust 10.8410

Pinus sylvestris Red pine 7.2248

Fraxinus excelsior Ash 5.8320

Others 173.6670

Total 1341.4002

Growing stock
Category
(National Forest Inventory 2012)

Growing stock (mill. m3) 2221.6

Category Growing stock

24
FRA 2020 report, Romania

(National Forest Inventory 2018)

Growing stock (mill. m3) 2354,8

National Forest Inventory 2012

Growing stock
Regeneration
m³ m³/ha

Seeds, natural 1709044916.447 366.144

Seeds, sowing 6349824.908 312.794

Seeds, seedlings planted 135930522.880 290.458

Shoots 299722293.599 245.521

Suckers/Root shoots 9631757.911 189.238

Cuttings, planted 5133648.037 182.193

Big slip 1144878.139 206.369

Pollard-shoot 660045.653 128.976

Other 53975581.831 124.229

Total 2221593469.405 321.925

National Forest Inventory 2018

Growing stock
Regeneration
m³ m³/ha

Seeds, natural 1853393469.290 372.194

Seeds, sowing 7808564.490 316.955

Seeds, seedlings planted 162275045.980 340.720

Shoots 238133260.890 238.419

Suckers/Root shoots 9823061.770 194.344

Cuttings, planted 7467447.180 258.183

Big slip 1398837.520 254.894

Pollard-shoot 646627.590 129.818

Other 73843552.080 205.262

Total 2354789866.780 339.843

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting

25
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

26
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Growing stock m³/ha (over bark)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 339.65 348.36 348.36 348.36 348.36 348.36

Planted forest 211.74 282.42 282.42 282.42 282.42 282.42

…of which plantation forest

…of which other planted forest

Forest 211.51 211.50 211.50 321.93 339.84 339.84 339.84 339.84 339.84

Other wooded land 62.09 50.42 50.42 50.42 50.42 50.42

Total growing stock (million m³ over bark)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 2 019.06 2 102.00 2 102.00 2 102.00 2 102.00 2 102.00

Planted forest 202.53 252.79 252.79 252.79 252.79 252.79

…of which plantation forest

…of which other planted forest

Forest 1 347.50 1 346.40 1 377.90 2 221.63 2 354.79 2 354.79 2 354.79 2 354.79 2 354.79

Other wooded land 5.81 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79

Comments

27
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2b Growing stock composition

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
NFI 2018

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
NFI 1985, 2012, 2018

NFI 2018

Growing stock
Rank Scientific name Common name
(million m³)

#1 Ranked in terms of volume Fagus sylvatica Beech 881.51

#2 Ranked in terms of volume Picea abies Norway spruce 560.16

#3 Ranked in terms of volume Abies alba Silver fir 160.07

#4 Ranked in terms of volume Quercus petraea Sessile oak 176.31

#5 Ranked in terms of volume Quercus robur Oak 113.57

#6 Ranked in terms of volume Tilia sp. Lime 68.10

#7 Ranked in terms of volume Populus sp. Poplars 42.55

#8 Ranked in terms of volume Robinia pseudacacia Black locust 29.01

#9 Ranked in terms of volume Pinus sylvestris Red pine 23.66

#10 Ranked in terms of volume Fraxinus excelsior Ash 22.91

TOTAL 2077.85

NFI 1985

Area
Species (thousand ha) %
(NFI 1985)

Carpinus betulus Hornbeam 374 5.90

Quercus cerris Turkey oak 154 2.43

Quercus frainetto Hungarian oak 114 1.80

Populus tremula Aspen 90 1.42

TOTAL forest area 6343.1

NFI 2018
28
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Growing stock Sampling error

Naturalness
m3 SE [%]

Native species > 99%, Introduced species < 1% 2303687278.000 2.731

Native species > 50%, Introduced species < 50% 31941878.154 16.093

Native species < 50%, Introduced species > 50% 5526551.209 28.100

Native species < 1%, Introduced species > 99% 13634158.936 15.293

Total 2354789866.781 1.787

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting

Area % in total forest area Growing stock (million m³)

Species
(thousand ha) (1985)
1990 2000 2005 2010

Carpinus betulus Hornbeam 374 5.90 79.45 79.39 79.70 81.24

Quercus cerris Turkey oak 154 2.43 32.69 32.69 32.82 33.45

Quercus frainetto Hungarian oak 114 1.80 24.20 24.20 24.29 24.76

Populus tremula Aspen 90 1.42 19.10 19.10 19.18 19.55

The volume of introduced tree species when the proportion is over 99 % is 13.63 million m³

The volume of introduced tree species when the proportion is over 50 % is 5.53 million m³

A rough estimation of the growing stock of introduced tree species is the sum of the two above categories, having in view that introduced tree species have been also when their proportion is less than 50 %

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

Total volume for Introduced species for 2020 is based on NFI 2018

The estimated volume of introduced tree species considered for 2020 is the volume of the trees when the proportion of introduced tree species is over 99 % (13.63 million m³), cumulated with the volume of the trees when the proportion of
introduced tree species is over 50 % (5.53 million m³).

29
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Growing stock in forest (million m³ over bark)

FRA categories Scientific name Common name
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Native tree species

Fagus
#1 Ranked in terms of volume Beech 474.80 474.40 485.50 852.54 881.51
sylvatica

Norway
#2 Ranked in terms of volume Picea abies 388.40 388.10 397.10 528.47 560.16
spruce

#3 Ranked in terms of volume Quercus petraea Sessile oak 103.10 103.00 105.40 166.33 176.31

#4 Ranked in terms of volume Abies alba Silver fir 124.20 124.10 127.00 151.01 160.07

Carpinus
#5 Ranked in terms of volume Hornbeam 79.45 79.39 81.24 107.15 113.57
betulus

Quercus
#6 Ranked in terms of volume Turkey oak 32.69 32.69 33.45 64.25 68.10
cerris

#7 Ranked in terms of volume Quercus robur Oak 22.50 22.50 23.10 40.15 42.55

Black
#8 Ranked in terms of volume Robinia pseudacacia 10.90 10.90 11.10 27.37 29.01
locust

Hungarian
#9 Ranked in terms of volume Quercus frainetto 24.20 24.20 24.76 22.33 23.66
oak

#10 Ranked in terms of

Populus tremula Aspen 19.10 19.10 19.55 21.61 22.91
volume

Remaining native tree species 68.16 68.02 69.69 240.38 257.78

Total volume of native tree species 1 347.50 1 346.40 1 377.89 2 221.59 2 335.63

Introduced tree species

#1 Ranked in terms of volume

#2 Ranked in terms of volume

#3 Ranked in terms of volume

#4 Ranked in terms of volume

#5 Ranked in terms of volume

Remaining introduced tree species 19.16

30
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Growing stock in forest (million m³ over bark)

FRA categories Scientific name Common name
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Native tree species

Total volume of introduced tree species − − − − 19.16

Total growing stock 1 347.50 1 346.40 1 377.89 2 221.59 2 354.79

Comments
Carpinus betulus, Quercus cerris, Quercus frainetto and Populus tremula were not in the ranking for the years before reference year 2015.

Their volume has been reconstituted as percentage in the total growing stock, based on the proportion of these species in the total forest area.

31
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2c Biomass stock
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Insert the percentages of Growing stock by IPCC forest type for each of the FRA forest categories

FRA forest categories

IPCC forest types Naturally regenerating forest Plantation forest Other planted forest

% of Growing stock

Broadleaved 61% 7%

Pine

Other coniferous 28% 4%

89% 0% 11% Must add up to 100%

Insert Carbon fraction used by country (IPCC default = 0.47)

Carbon Fraction 47%

Biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF)

Naturally regenerating forest 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Broadleaved 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

Pine 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Other coniferous 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Plantation forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Other planted forest

Broadleaved

32
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Pine

Other coniferous

Weighted BCEF

Naturally regenerating forest 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Plantation forest

Other planted forest

Root-shoot ratios

Naturally regenerating forest 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Broadleaved 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

Pine 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Other coniferous 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Plantation forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Other planted forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Weighted RS ratio

Naturally regenerating forest 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Plantation forest

Other planted forest

Above-ground biomass (t/ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 232.32 238.28 238.28 238.28 238.28 238.28

33
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Plantation forest

Other planted forest

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.12 207.50 207.50 207.50 207.50 207.50

Below-ground biomass (t/ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 47.02 48.23 48.23 48.23 48.23 48.23

Plantation forest

Other planted forest

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.50 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
Insert the percentages of Growing stock by IPCC forest type for each of the FRA forest categories

FRA forest categories

IPCC forest types Naturally regenerating forest Plantation forest Other planted forest

% of Growing stock

Broadleaved 64%

Pine

Other coniferous 37%

64% 0% 37% Must add up to 100%

Insert Carbon fraction used by country (IPCC default = 0.47)

Carbon Fraction 47%

Biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF)

34
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Naturally regenerating forest 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Broadleaved 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

Pine 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Other coniferous 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Plantation forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Other planted forest

Broadleaved 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

Pine 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Other coniferous 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Weighted BCEF

Naturally regenerating forest 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51

Plantation forest

Other planted forest 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26

Root-shoot ratios

Naturally regenerating forest 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Broadleaved 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

Pine 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Other coniferous 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Plantation forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Other planted forest

Broadleaved 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46

Pine 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29

35
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Other coniferous 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29

Weighted RS ratio

Naturally regenerating forest 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

Plantation forest

Other planted forest 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

Above-ground biomass (t/ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 176.97 176.97 176.97 176.97 176.97

Plantation forest

Other planted forest 52.44 52.44 52.44 52.44 52.44

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 160.88 160.88 160.88 160.88 160.88

Below-ground biomass (t/ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 26.97 26.97 26.97 26.97 26.97

Plantation forest

Other planted forest 5.55 5.55 5.55 5.55 5.55

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.20 24.20 24.20 24.20 24.20

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
Insert the percentages of Growing stock by IPCC forest type for each of the FRA forest categories

FRA forest categories

IPCC forest types Naturally regenerating forest Plantation forest Other planted forest

% of Growing stock

Broadleaved 61% 7%

36
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Pine

Other coniferous 28% 4%

89% 0% 11% Must add up to 100%

Insert Carbon fraction used by country (IPCC default = 0.47)

Carbon Fraction 47%

Biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF)

Naturally regenerating forest 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Broadleaved 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

Pine 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Other coniferous 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Plantation forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Other planted forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Weighted BCEF

Naturally regenerating forest 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68

Plantation forest

Other planted forest

Root-shoot ratios

37
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Naturally regenerating forest 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Broadleaved 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24

Pine 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Other coniferous 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Plantation forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Other planted forest

Broadleaved

Pine

Other coniferous

Weighted RS ratio

Naturally regenerating forest 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Plantation forest

Other planted forest

Above-ground biomass (t/ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 232.32 238.28 238.28 238.28 238.28 238.28

Plantation forest

Other planted forest

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.12 207.50 207.50 207.50 207.50 207.50

Below-ground biomass (t/ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Naturally regenerating forest 47.02 48.23 48.23 48.23 48.23 48.23

Plantation forest

38
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Other planted forest

Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.50 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

39
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Forest biomass (tonnes/ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Above-ground biomass 108.00 107.00 107.00 200.12 207.50 207.50 207.50 207.50 207.50

Below-ground biomass 20.00 20.00 20.00 40.50 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00

Dead wood

Comments
The „Biomass calculator” has been used for the years 2016-2020.

Data in requested format is not available for previous years.

Forest biomass (tonnes/ha) has been calculated based on data from FRA 2015 report.

40
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2d Carbon stock
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry „Marin Drăcea” - National Forest Inventory (NFI)

National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry „Marin Drăcea” Project (2013) concerning tha variable soil carbon

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
2015 2020
Variable Default value for Carbon in litter
Area (thousand ha) Carbon in litter (thousand metric tonnes) Area (thousand ha) Carbon in litter (thousand metric tonnes)

TOTAL, of which 6900962.26 6929047.45

Coniferous 24 1796095.06 43106281.51 1777214.24 42653141.83

Broadleaved 22 5104867.20 112307078.42 5151833.21 113340330.55

TOTAL carbon (thousand metric tonnes) 155413359.93 155993472.39

Forest carbon in litter (tonnes/ha) 22.52053467 22.51297505

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
Regarding the carbon in litter, due to transition climate of Romania, temperate continental, with influences of altitude (Carpathian Mountains) and latitude (5˚), an average has been used for the default values for litter and dead wood

Thus, the default values for litter used are 24 for coniferous (located mostly on mountain and hilly areas) and 22 for broadleaved.

Variable 1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Carbon in litter (million metric tonnes) 144.02 143.76 147.31 155.413 155.993

Area (million ha) 6.371 6.366 6.515 6.901 6.929

Forest carbon in litter (tonnes/ha) 22.606 22.582 22.611 22.521 22.513

SOC REF from

Forest soil area (1000 hectares) by climate region, by years & Carbon content (Million metric tonnes)
the table 5.10 Soils proportion
Climate region
in the Guide for %
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
country reporting for FRA 2015

Forest area (000 ha) 6371.000 6366.000 6391.000 6511.000 6900.962 6929.047

Cold temperate, moist 95 83 502.353 501.959 503.930 513.392 544.141 546.355

Cold temperate, moist 115 5 36.633 36.605 36.748 37.438 39.681 39.842

Cold temperate, moist 130 2 16.565 16.552 16.617 16.929 17.943 18.016

Warm temperate, dry 19 1 1.210 1.210 1.214 1.237 1.311 1.317

Warm temperate, dry 38 9 21.789 21.772 21.857 22.268 23.601 23.697

41
FRA 2020 report, Romania

TOTAL SOIL CARBON STOCK 100 578.551 578.096 580.367 591.264 626.676 629.227

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

TOTAL SOIL CARBON STOCK (tonnes/ha) 90.810 90.810 90.810 90.810 90.810 90.810

Concerning the soil carbon, an analysis of the soil types spreading and their weight in Romania has been done. Climate influence and relief conditions were considered using the aridity indexes Emm. De Martonne and Palfay. This determined the
choice of the SOC REF from the table 5.10 in the GUIDELINES FOR COUNTRY REPORTING TO FRA 2010/ Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015, both for “Cold temperate, moist” and “Warm temperate, dry” climatic regions, for appropriate
soil categories.

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

42
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Forest carbon (tonnes/ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Carbon in above-ground
50.00 50.00 50.00 94.06 97.52 97.52 97.52 97.52 97.52
biomass

Carbon in below-ground
10.00 10.00 10.00 19.04 19.74 19.74 19.74 19.74 19.74
biomass

Carbon in dead wood 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23

Carbon in litter 22.61 22.58 22.61 22.52 22.51 22.51 22.51 22.51 22.51

Soil carbon 90.81 90.81 90.81 90.81 90.81 90.81 90.81 90.81 90.81

Soil depth (cm) used for soil

30.00
carbon estimates

Comments
The „Biomass calculator” has been used for the years 2016-2020.

Data in requested format is not available for previous years and Forest carbon (tonnes/ha) has been calculated based on data from FRA 2015 report

Carbon in litter for 2015 has been recalculatied due to the modification of the area of Forests

Carbon in dead wood has been provided by NFI 2018 and has been estimated to be the same in 2015, as the forest area does not differ significantly, being determined in similar conditions.

43
FRA 2020 report, Romania

3 Forest designation and management

3a Designated management objective
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Data provided is from the study carried out by the Forest Research and Management Institute in 2000, based on the functional zoning included in the forest management plans, in force in 1999

For the following years as there is no updated information, the area is calculated applying the percentage of the different protection categories from the study, to the forest area from respective years.

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
Area 1000 hectares /Year
National class
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Protection 2185 3323 3406 3472 3360 3970

Production 4186 3043 2985 3043 3501 2959

Total forest land 6371 6366 6391 6515 6861 6929

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
1000 ha

National categories for protective function 1990 20001 2015

Protection of water 699.3 1 052.0 1070

Protection of soils 939.6 1 433.0 1420

Protection against climatic and industrial damaging factors 109.3 166.5 170

Social function 240.4 364.3 380

Scientific and biodiversity conservation 196.7 308.0 320

…of which protected areas (subord. to biodiv. conserv.) (87.4) (127.7) 130

Total forest land with protective functions 2185.3 3323.6 3360.0

1 Data provided is from the study carried out by the Forest Research and Management Institute in 2000, based on the functional zoning included in the forest management plans, in force in 1999

For the following years , as there is no updated information, the area is calculated applying the percentage of the different protection categories from the study, to the forest area from respective years.

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

44
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Primary designated management objective

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA 2020 categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Production (a) 4 186.00 3 043.00 3 043.00 3 501.00 2 959.00

Protection of soil and water (b) 1 639.00 2 478.00 2 543.00 2 490.00 2 515.00

Conservation of biodiversity
197.00 308.00 317.00 318.00 321.00
(c)

Social Services (d) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Multiple use (e) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Other (specify in comments) (f) 349.00 537.00 612.00 552.00 1 134.00

None/unknown (g) 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.96 0.05

Total forest area 6 371.00 6 366.00 6 515.00 6 900.96 6 929.05

Total area with designated management objective

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA 2020 categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Production

Protection of soil and water

Conservation of biodiversity

Social Services

Other (specify in comments)

Comments
Other: Protection against climatic and industrial damaging factors, social function (green belts protecting human settlements).

45
FRA 2020 report, Romania

3b Forest area within protected areas and forest area with long-term management plans
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Data concerning Forest area within protected areasfor 1990 is estimated and represents the sum of the strictly protected forest area from the National and Natural Parks declared by a Ministerial Order in 1990. Forest area from other protected
areas - natural reserves or nature monuments (declared according to legislation in force at that time) - is not included in this figure but is assumed that is not significant.

Further legislation has been issued later on.

Data for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010 is assessed from digital maps in a project.

Data reported for 2015 represents the total forest area included in the national network of protected areas and Natura 2000 Network (SCIs and SPAs). Data was obtained by GIS analysing within the project „Study for characterization and
geospatial database building forRomanian state owned forests located in Sites of Community Interest (SCIs), Special Protected Areas (SPAs) and natural reserves [Lorenţ A., Apostol B. (coord.), 2013].

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

46
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Forest area within protected

142.00 153.00 1 746.00 2 606.00 2 606.00 2 606.00 2 606.00 2 606.00 2 606.00
areas

Forest area with long-term

6 371.00 5 984.04 5 653.00 5 587.52 5 587.52 5 587.52 5 587.52 5 587.52 5 587.52
forest management plan

…of which in protected areas

Comments
Further to processing digital maps, accurate information on forest included in protected areas will be provided.

Data reported for 2015 represents the total forest area included in the national network of protected areas and Natura 2000 Network (SCIs and SPAs). Data was obtained by GIS analysis within the project „Study for characterization and geospatial
database building forRomanian state owned forests located in Sites of Community Interest (SCIs), Special Protected Areas (SPAs) and natural reserves [Lorenţ A., Apostol B. (coord.), 2013].Natura 2000.

As there is no recent available information on the total forest area within protected areas (there are many different categories of protected areas which overlap), the area of protected areas was considered the same for the years that followied.

The decrease of the forest area with long-term forest management plans could be explained by the modification of the forest ownership, progressively after 1990 (restitution of forests to former owners – communes, cities, municipalities, individuals
and legal persons) and the big number of small properties (under 5 hectares)..

Another slight modification is in the year 2015, when Forest Code has been changed, stipulating that preparation of forest management plans is mandatory for forest properties larger than 10 ha. Before, the preparation of forest management plans
was mandatory for all forests, disregarding the size of the property.

47
FRA 2020 report, Romania

4 Forest ownership and management rights

4a Forest ownership
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National institute of Statistics

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
OWNERSHIP TYPE FOREST AREA (1000 ha)

1990 2000 2010 2015

Public ownership, total 6371 6010 4363 4249

- of which State owned forests 6371 6010 3339 3203

- of which owned by local communities 1024 1046

Private ownership, total 356 2152 2306

- of which owned by individuals 356

- of which owned by legal persons

- of which owned by individuals and legal persons 2079 2215

- of which owned by local communities 73 91

TOTAL 6371 6366 6515 6555

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

48
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015

Private ownership (a) 0.00 356.00 2 152.00 2 306.00

…of which owned by

0.00 356.00
individuals

…of which owned by private

business entities and 0.00 0.00
institutions

…of which owned by local,

tribal and indigenous 0.00 0.00
communities

Public ownership (b) 6 371.00 6 010.00 4 363.00 4 249.00

Unknown/other (specify in
0.00 0.00 0.00 345.96
comments) (c)

Total forest area 6 371.00 6 366.00 6 515.00 6 900.96

Comments
Unknown/other - the ownership structure is provided by the National Institute of Statistics in annual statistic researches and refers to area of the national forestry fund, which is different from the area of the forest in the NFI.

Private ownership in statistic reports is not divided by owners type (individuals and legal persons)

49
FRA 2020 report, Romania

4b Holder of management rights of public forests

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National institute of Statistics

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

50
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
1990 2000 2010 2015

Public Administration (a) 6 371.00 6 010.00 4 363.00 4 249.00

Individuals (b) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Private business entities and

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
institutions (c)

Local, tribal and indigenous

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
communities (d)

Unknown/other (specify in
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
comments) (e)

Total public ownership 6 371.00 6 010.00 4 363.00 4 249.00

Comments

51
FRA 2020 report, Romania

5 Forest disturbances
5a Disturbances
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Managerial records from forest administrators.

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

52
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Insects (a) 1 291.00 1 322.00 78.00 37.68

Diseases (b)

Severe weather events (c) 1 365.00 230.90 1.40 199.61

Other (specify in comments)

(d)

Total (a+b+c+d) 2 656.00 − − − − 1 552.90 − − − − 79.40 − − − − − − 237.29

Total forest area 6 366.00 − − − − − − − − − 6 515.00 − − − − 6 900.96 6 929.05 6 929.05

Comments
Figures for 2010 are provided by National Forest Inventory, using a different system of data collection than in previous reporting years.

Figures for 2017 are based on managerial reports.

Previous figures

53
FRA 2020 report, Romania

5b Area affected by fire

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Ministry of Waters and Forests - reports from National Administration of Forests Romsilva and from Forest Guards

National classification and definitions

Forest area reported represents area afected by various types fires (litter, canopy, underground). The vast majority of forest fires are only litter fires.

Original data
-

Analysis and processing of national data

Estimation and forecasting
-

Reclassification into FRA 2020 categories

-

54
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Area (1000 ha)

FRA categories
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total land area affected by fire 28.36

…of which on forest 3.61 1.00 3.54 0.76 0.12 0.16 0.95 2.53 0.37 0.97 0.21 2.20 6.62 0.42 0.22 1.67 0.68 2.46

Comments

55
FRA 2020 report, Romania

5c Degraded forest
Does your country monitor area of degraded forest Yes

There is no official national definition for "degraded forest".

What is the national definition
Forests with low production capacity, with affected structure concerning the crown density of the stand, composition of species and no satisfactory fulfillment of the protection functions are
of "Degraded forest"?
included in this category.
If "yes"

Describe the monitoring

Monitoring is ensured by forest management plans, resulting in regeneration cuttings followed by substitution or restoration of stands, subject of statistical reports
process and results

Comments

56
FRA 2020 report, Romania

6 Forest policy and legislation

6a Policies, Legislation and national platform for stakeholder participation in forest policy
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
Legislation in force

National classification and definitions

No classification needed

Original data
-

57
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Boolean (Yes/No)
Indicate the existence of
National Sub-national

Policies supporting SFM Yes No

Legislations and regulations

Yes No
supporting SFM

Platform that promotes or

allows for stakeholder
Yes No
participation in forest policy
development

Traceability system(s) for

Yes No
wood products

Comments
There isn't a special procedure dedicated for the development of national forest policy. The legal procedure is followed in general for public consultation concerning the development of the legislation and in addition the main stakeholders - NGO-s
(professional, environmental, owners and administrators associations), academic/research entities etc. are consulted, according to the contents of the legal initiative.

The Integrated Information System for Wood Tracking (SUMAL), established in 2008 and further developed in 2014, as an integrated information system involving forest managers, economic operators and forest authorities.

Wood tracking is carried out from harvesting and transportation to end users, through a special regime documents in a unique numbering system, allowing precise identification of wood sourcing.

Appropriate supporting software is used by all wood holders in order to ensure analytical management of wood by assortments and recording of wood inputs and outputs. Quantities of wood that a re not declared in this system are
considered without legal origin and may be seized.

Technical support is provided by the territorial forest authority.

SUMAL has been improved by further legislation and consequently, the control system and real-time tracking of shipments of timber, known as „Radar of Forests”, are now possible using software operated on line from tablet computers
and smartphones.

SUMAL has several soft components and applications embedded, being distributed / downloaded for free and dedicated to:

- forestry managers certifying timber harvesting site (SUMAL Forest District component)

- market operators involved in wood logging, transport, processing, store and trading wood products (SUMAL Agent component; software for real-time tracking and control of the origin of wood materials and to ensure their traceability, with
applications such as Agent Mobile type - "Wood Tracking" (WT);

- control bodies in charge and having legal powers to control the movement of timber, collecting, processing and analysing information, managed by the forest authority (SUMAL-Control and Inspector applications such as Mobile/Desktop
type "Inspector wood Tracking" (IWT).

58
FRA 2020 report, Romania

6b Area of permanent forest estate

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Institute of Statistics, Statistical researches 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010

National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry „Marin Drăcea” - National Forest Inventory, 2015 - 2020

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

59
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Forest area (1000 ha)

FRA 2020 categories
Applicable? 1990 2000 2010 2015 2020

Area of permanent forest

Yes 6 371.00 6 366.00 6 515.00 6 900.96 6 929.05
estate

Comments
According to the Forestry Code, the reduction of the surface of the national forest fund is prohibited, except for the lands necessary for the achievement of the objectives of national interest or strategic interest for the national security,
according to the law.

Land may also be permanently removed from the national forest fund for certain purposes provided for by the forestry code, only on condition that it is compensated, without reducing the area of the forest fund and anticipating the payment of the
necessary financial obligations.

60
FRA 2020 report, Romania

7 Employment, education and NWFP

7a Employment in forestry and logging
National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Institute of Statistics

National classification and definitions

The average number of employees includes persons employed under a contract of employment / service relationship for a fixed or indefinite period (including seasonal workers, manager or administrator) whose work contract / service report has
not been suspended in the reference year.

The average number of employees represents a simple arithmetic average resulting from the sum of the daily number of employees (excluding those whose work contract / service report has been suspended), including weekly rest, legal holidays
and other non-working days divided by the total number of calendar days.

In the daily number of employees taken into account the average number are included persons with an individual contract of employment / work relationship for a definite or indefinite period (including seasonal workers, manager or administrator),
whose work contract / service report has not been suspended .

In the daily number of employees taken into account the average number includes employees who are temporarily unable to work (sick leave) while they are paid

Original data
Number of of employees in forestry and logging

Number of of employees
Year
Total Female Male

1990 107346 n/a n/a

1991 98791 n/a n/a

1992 92709 n/a n/a

1993 88380 n/a n/a

1994 91341 n/a n/a

1995 83072 n/a n/a

1996 78164 n/a n/a

1997 69277 n/a n/a

1998 60922 n/a n/a

1999 53498 n/a n/a

2000 49615 n/a n/a

2001 46796 n/a n/a

2002 42991 n/a n/a

2003 37849 n/a n/a

2004 37072 n/a n/a

2005 37566 n/a n/a

61
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2006 35939 n/a n/a

2007 34375 n/a n/a

2008 32443 4144 28299

2009 31382 3963 27419

2010 28551 3554 24997

2011 30048 3498 26550

2012 31019 3581 27438

2013 31218 3710 27508

2014 32713 4300 28413

2015 32443 4112 28331

2016 33095 4084 29011

2017 34186 4654 29532

62
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Full-time equivalents (1000 FTE)

FRA 2020 categories 1990 2000 2010 2015

Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male

Employment in forestry and

103.07 49.97 29.99 3.67 26.32 32.75 4.16 28.59
logging

…of which silviculture and

other forestry activities

…of which logging

…of which gathering of non

wood forest products

…of which support services to

forestry

Comments
Average for 1990 is from the years 1990 and 1991

63
FRA 2020 report, Romania

7b Graduation of students in forest-related education

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Institute of Statistics - statistic researches

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
Number
Study year
of graduates

Profile : Forestry Master’s degree

1990/1991 111

1991/1992 91

1992/1993 82

1993/1994 119

1994/1995 316

1995/1996 277

1996/1997 253

1997/1998 257

1998/1999 308

1999/2000 160

2000/2001 312

2001/2002 300

2002/2003 400

2003/2004 447

2004/2005 532

2005/2006 576

2006/2007 849

2007/2008 598

2008/2009 1478

2009/2010 842

2010/2011 677

2011/2012 580

64
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2012/2013 577

2013/2014 516

2014/2015 557

2015/2016 473

2016/2017 453

Number
Study year
of graduates

technician certificate /
SProfile : Forestry
diploma

1993/1994 133

1994/1995 166

1995/1996 182

1996/1997 321

1997/1998 460

1998/1999 488

1999/2000 726

2000/2001 894

2001/2002 1100

2002/2003 911

2003/2004 844

2004/2005 620

2005/2006 590

2006/2007 443

2007/2008 178

2008/2009 164

2009/2010 385

2010/2011 458

2011/2012 392

2012/2013 315

2013/2014 441

2014/2015 330

2015/2016 336

65
FRA 2020 report, Romania

2016/2017 394

66
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Number of graduated students

FRA 2020 categories 1990 2000 2010 2015

Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male

Doctoral degree 8.00

Master’s degree 94.00 260.00 999.00 515.00

Bachelor’s degree

Technician certificate /
150.00 703.00 336.00 369.00
diploma

Total

Comments
Master’s degree - figures for 1990 stands for the average of 1991+1992+1993

Technician certificate / diploma - figures for 1990 stands for the average of 1994+1995

67
FRA 2020 report, Romania

7c Non wood forest products removals and value 2015

National Data
Data sources + type of data source eg NFI, etc
National Institute of Statistics, Statistical Reasearch, 2015

National classification and definitions

-

Original data
-

68
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Name of NWFP product Key species Quantity Unit Value (1000 local currency) NWFP category

Rubus
idaeus; Vaccinium
#1 Berries myrtillus, Rubus 3 482 tonnes 12 760 1 Food
caesius.

Forest and ornamental thousand

#2 Forest species 15 166 10 705 6 Ornamental plants
seedlings pieces

Sus scrofa, Capreolus

#3 Game products capreolus, Cervus elaphus, Lepus europaeus, Phasianus ~ 5 903 10 Hides skins and trophies
colchicus

Sambucus nigra,
Tilia sp.,
Crataegus
monogyna,
Betula pendula,
Vaccinium
myrtillus (leaves),
Urtica dioica,
Hypericum
perforatum,
Achillea
#4 Medicinal plants millefolium, 660 tonnes 3 053 3 Raw material for medicine and aromatic products
Rubus idaeus,
Plantago sp.,
Robinia
pseudacacia,
Equisetum
arvense,
Primula oficinalis,
Matricaria
chamonilla,
Hypericum
perforatum etc

thousand
#5 Christmas trees abies sp., picea sp. 100 1 134 8 Other plant products
pieces

#6 Forest seeds forest species 7 tonnes 560 8 Other plant products

69
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Name of NWFP product Key species Quantity Unit Value (1000 local currency) NWFP category

#7 Mushrooms Boletus edulis, Armillaria melea, Cantharellus cibarius 543 tonnes 592 1 Food

#8 Osier Salix sp. 45 tonnes 16 8 Other plant products

#9 Honey 731 kg 10 11 Wild honey and bee wax

#10

All other plant products

All other animal products

Total 34 733

Name of currency Romanian LEI (RON)

Comments

70
FRA 2020 report, Romania

8 Sustainable Development Goal 15

8a Sustainable Development Goal 15
SDG Indicator 15.1.1 Forest area as proportion of total land area 2015

Percent
Indicator
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Forest area as proportion of

27.67 28.32 29.99 30.12 30.12 30.12 30.12 30.12
total land area 2015

Name of agency responsible

SDG Indicator 15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management

Percent
Sub-Indicator 1
2000-2010 2010-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020

Forest area annual net change

0.23 1.16 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
rate

Name of agency responsible

Forest biomass (tonnes/ha)

Sub-Indicator 2
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Above-ground biomass stock

107.00 107.00 200.12 207.50 207.50 207.50 207.50 207.50
in forest

Name of agency responsible

71
FRA 2020 report, Romania

Percent (2015 forest area baseline)

Sub-Indicator 3
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Proportion of forest area

located within legally 2.22 25.30 37.76 37.76 37.76 37.76 37.76 37.76
established protected areas

Name of agency responsible

Percent (2015 forest area baseline)

Sub-Indicator 4
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Proportion of forest area under

long-term forest management 86.71 81.92 80.97 80.97 80.97 80.97 80.97 80.97
plan

Name of agency responsible

Forest area (1000 ha)

Sub-Indicator 5
2000 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Forest area under

independently verified forest
0.00 914.68 2 523.40 2 523.71 2 630.43 2 728.31 − −
management certification
schemes

72