CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: SO SÁNH

(COMPARISONS)

A. LÍ THUYẾT
I. SO SÁNH BẰNG
1. Khẳng định:
S + tobe + as + adj + as + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + as + adv + as + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: Lan is as young as Hoa. / Mai dances as beautifully as Hue.
2. Phủ định:
S + tobe + not + as/ so + adj + as + noun/ pronoun. S + V + not + as/ so + adv +
as + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: Lan isn’t as/ so young as Hoa. / Mai doesn’t dances as/ so beautifully as Hue.
3. Cấu trúc “the same as”: giống nhau
S + tobe/ V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: This book is the same as that one. / She has the same height as my sister.
II. SO SÁNH HƠN
1. Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn
S + tobe + adj-er + than + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + adv-er + than + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: My house is smaller than her house. She runs faster
than me.  Lƣu ý về cách thêm “er” đối với tính từ/ trạng
từ ngắn:
+ Đối với tính từ/ trạng từ kết thúc bằng chữ “e” thì ta chỉ thêm “r”.
Ex: large → larger.
+ Đối với tính từ/ trạng từ kết thúc bằng 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm thì ta phải gấp đôi phụ
âm cuối. Ex: big → bigger, hot → hotter.
+ Đối với các tính từ kết thúc bằng “y” thì ta chuyển “y” thành “i” rồi thêm “er”. Ex:
noisy → noisier, friendly → friendlier.
+ Đối với tính từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng “y, ow, er, et, el” thì ta vẫn chia các từ này
theo công thức so sánh hơn đối với tính từ ngắn.
Ex: narrow → narrower, happy → happier, quiet → quieter, clever → cleverer.
+ Các trạng từ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho so sánh hơn: much, far, a bit/ a little, a lot.
Ex: This chair is much smaller than that chair.
2. Tính từ/ trạng từ dài
S + tobe + more + adj + than + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + more + adv + than + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: Jenny is more beautiful than me.
Tom talks more slowly than me.
III. SO SÁNH NHẤT
1. Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn
S + tobe + the + adj-est + noun/ pronoun .
S + V + the + adv-est + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: This is the longest river in the world.
I jump the highest in my class.
 Lƣu ý về cách thêm “est” đối với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn:

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 - Tương tự như cách thêm “er”
- Để nhấn mạnh ý trong so sánh nhất, ta thêm “by far” vào sau hình thức so sánh hoặc dùng
“second/ third”
2. Tính từ/ trạng từ dài
S + tobe + the most + adj + noun/ pronoun.
S + V + the most + adv + noun/ pronoun.
Ex: Jenny is the most beautiful in my class.
Tom eats the most slowly in my family.
Bảng tính từ/ trạng từ so sánh bất quy tắc:

Tính từ/ trạng từ So sánh hơn So sánh nhất Nghĩa

Good/ well Better The best Tốt
Bad/ badly Worse The worst Tệ
Little Less The least Ít
Much/ many More The most Nhiều
Farther The farthest The Xa Thêm nữa/ hơn
Far
Further furthest nữa
Older Elder The oldest Già Anh (chị)
Old
The eldest trong nhà
IV. SO SÁNH KÉP
1. Cùng 1 tính từ: (càng …ngày càng…)
a. Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn:
S + tobe + adj-er + and + adj-er.
S + V + adv-er + and + adv-er.
Ex: It is getting hotter and hotter.
His voice became weaker and weaker.
b. Tính từ/ trạng từ dài:
S + tobe + more and more + adj.
S + V + more and more + adv.
Ex: The lessons are getting more and more difficult.
The storm became more and more violent.
2. Hai tính từ khác nhau: (càng …thì càng…)
The + comparative + S + tobe/ V, the + comparative + S + tobe/V.
Ex: The taller she gets, the thinner she is.
The more beautiful she is, the more attractive she gets.
The more intelligent she is, the lazier she becomes.
Lƣu ý:
Trong câu so sánh kép, nếu túc từ là một danh từ thì ta đặt danh từ ấy ngay sau tính từ so sánh.
Ex: The more English vocabulary we know, the better we speak.
B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
BT 1. Cho dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc
1. This exercise is (easy) _______________ as that
one.
2. He is (fat) _______________as you.
3. English is not (difficult) _______________as Chinese.
4. Was the party (fun) _______________as she expected?
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5. Apple is (popular) _______________ as Samsung.
6. The weather today is not (hot) _______________ as it was yesterday.
7. Pham Nhat Vuong’s career is (successful) _________ as many billionaires’ career in the
world.
8. Saigon used to be (developed) _______________ as several countries in Asia.
9. My mom’s dishes are (delicious) _______________ as food served at restaurants.
10. Many people believe that Quang Hai is not (talented) _______________ as many famous
footbal players in the world.
11. Urban sprawl has happed (fast) _______________ than ever before.
12. Ha Noi is much (populous) _______________ than my hometown.
13. The city center is (densely) _______________ populated than the suburbs.
14. You can count on Peter. He is (reliable) _______________ than he appears to be.
15. This singer performs (well) _______________ than she used to be three years ago.
16. This year we travel (far) _______________ than we did last year.
17. I noticed that today my daughter looked (happy) _______________ than usual.
18. As people get old, they try to maintain a (healthy) _______________ lifestyle than when they
are young.
19. Traveling by bus is much (slow) _______________ than traveling by bullet train.
20. Jim didn't feel well today, so he performed (badly) _______________.
21. Josh is the second (intelligent) _______________ student in his class.
22. Hanoi is amongst (polluted) _______________ city in the world.
23. By far, this is (stunning) _______________ scene I have ever.
24. He seems to be (tall) _______________ amongst the children at his age.
25. We had a great holiday. It was one of (enjoyable) _______________ holiday we've ever had.
26. It was an awful day. It was (bad) _______________ day of my life.
27. The United States is very large, but Canada is (large) _______________.
28. She is by far (rich) _______________ woman in Vietnam.
29. I think that he is one of (boring) _______________ people in the world.
30. I have had the (happy) _______________ days in my life.
BT 2. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. In Vietnam, it is normally __________ in the South than in the North.
A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hoter
2. My younger brother is ________________.
A. more and more naughty B. much and much naughty
C. most and most naughty D. naughtier and naughtier
3. Jane is not ________ as her brother.
A. more intelligent B. so intelligent C. intelligenter D. intelligent
4. Can Tho is ________ from Sai Gon than Bien Hoa is.
A. farther B. further C. far D. farer
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5. The ________ we start, the sooner we will be back.
A. early B. earliest C. earlier D. early
6. The harder this student works, ________ he becomes.
A. the most understanding B. the more understanding
C. more understanding D. understandinger
7. ________ people use the Internet every day.
A. Many and many B. Most and most C. More and more D. The more
8. She is the ________ daughter in her family.
A. older B. more old C. eldest D. oldest
9. She speaks English as ________ as you.
A. clear B. clearly C. clearness D. clearer
10. It gets ________ when the winter is coming.
A. cold and cold B. the coldest and coldest
C. colder and colder D. more and more cold
11. The ________ he is, the more miserable he gets.
A. richer B. more rich C. rich D. the richer
12. He drives as ________ his father does.
A. careful as B. more carefully C. the most careful D. carefully as
13. I did ________ than I expected on the test, but not really badly.
A. worst B. the worst C. more bad D. worse
14. Of the two sisters, Linda is ________.
A. so beautiful as B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. beautiful
15. Women’s employment rate is getting ____________.
A. high and high B. higher and the highest
C. high and higher D. higher and highe
16. Hotels have developed ________ restaurants.
A. as rapidly as B. so rapidly that C. as rapid as D. as rapid than
17. She is ________ student in my class.
A. most hard-working B. more hard-working
C. the most hard-working D. as hard-working
18. Health care in the country is said to become ________.
A. good and good B. best and best
C. the better and the better D. better and better
19. ________ the man gets, ________ he becomes.
A. The more old/ the more weak B. The older/ the weaker
C. The older/ the weakest D. older/ weaker
20. Of all athletes, Alex is ________.
A. the less qualified B. the less and less qualified
C. the more and more qualified D. the least qualified
BT 3. Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. No one in my class is taller than Peter.
=> Peter..............................................................................................................................................
2. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
=> No mountain ................................................................................................................................
3. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl.
=> She ...............................................................................................................................................
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4. This computer works better than that one.
=> That computer...............................................................................................................................
5. The black car is cheaper than the red car.
=> The red car....................................................................................................................................
6. He works much. He feels tired.
=> The more.......................................................................................................................................
7. The apartment is big. The rent is high.
=> The bigger....................................................................................................................................
8. We set off soon. We will arrive soon.
=> The sooner ...................................................................................................................................
9. The joke is good. The laughter is loud.
=> The better.....................................................................................................................................
10. She gets fat. She feels tired.
=> The fatter .....................................................................................................................................
BT 4. Khoanh lỗi sai và sửa lại cho đúng
1. This girl is the most beautiful of the two daughters that he has.
A B C D
2. Frank plays tennis worse of all the players.
A B C D
3. The most he tries, the more he succeeds.
A B C D
4. She can pronounce English words more correct than she could last term.
A B C D
5. In this class, the students are talking more loudlier than the teacher.
A B C D
6. This summer is hotter and winder than last summer.
A B C D
7. You should practise English oftener to be a better speaker of English.
A B C D
8. Ha Anh can now speak English more well than the last time I met him. A B
C D 9. She is much more intelligent than Nam does.
A B C D
10. The more rich he is, the more miserable he gets.
A B C D

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

(REPORTED SPEECH)
Thay đổi thì của động từ
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn  Quá khứ đơn
Hiện tại tiếp diễn  Quá khứ tiếp diễn
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Hiện tại hoàn thành  Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn  Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn  Quá khứ tiếp diễn/ Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Quá khứ hoàn thành  Quá khứ hoàn thành
Tương lai đơn: will/ shall  Tương lai trong quá khứ: would/ should
Tương lai gần: be going to  Was/ were going to
Can  Could
May  Might
Must  Had to
2. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Ago  Before
Yesterday  The day before/ The previous day
Last week/ month…  The week/ month...before/ The previous week/ month…
Now  Then
Today  That day
Tomorrow  The next day/ The following day
Next week/ month…  The next week/ month…/ The following week/ month…
This  That
These  Those
Here  There
3. Đổi ngôi các đại từ
Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ phản thân
I me my mine myself
He him his his himself
She her her hers herself
It it it its itself
You you your yours yourself/ yourselves
We us our ours ourselves
They them their theirs themselves
+ I => đổi theo chủ ngữ của động từ phát biểu
+ You => đổi theo tân ngữ của động từ phát biểu
+ We => đổi thành “they”
+ Các ngôi khác => giữ nguyên
II. Cách chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
1. Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu kể/ tƣờng thuật:
said (to sb)
+ told (sb) clause
S + that +
asked (sb) (lùi thì)
Ex1: “I’m going to visit Japan next month”, she said.
→ She said that she was going to visit Japan the following month.
Ex2: “He picked me up yesterday”, Lan said to me.
→ Lan said to me that he had picked her up the day before.
Lƣu ý: Một số trường hợp đặc biệt không thay đổi thì sau “that”:
 Khi động từ phát biểu ở thì hiện tại đơn
Ex: Michael says: “I am a doctor.”
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 → Michael says (that) he is a doctor.
 Nếu câu trực tiếp diễn tả 1 sự thật hiển
nhiên Ex: Teacher said: “Water boils at 100
degree.” → Teacher said water boils at
100 degree.
2. Câu trực tiếp ở dạng câu hỏi
a. Câu hỏi Yes/ No question
asked wondered
if clause
S + wanted to know + sb + +
whether (lùi thì)
Ex1: “Do you love English?”, the teacher asked.
→ The teacher asked me if/ whether I loved English.
Ex2: “Have you done your homework yet?”, they asked.
→ They asked me if/ whether I had done my homework yet.
Lƣu ý: Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có từ “or not” thì câu gián tiếp bắt buộc phải dùng “whether”
Ex: “Does she like roses or not?”, he wondered.
→ He wondered whether she liked roses or not.
b. Câu hỏi Wh-questions
asked wondered
S + wanted to know + sb + Wh/ H + S + V(lùi thì)

Ex: “Where do you live, Nam?”, asked she.

→ She asked Nam where he lived.
3. Câu trực tiếp ở dạng mệnh lệnh (V-inf/ Don’t + V-inf, please)
+ asked/ told/ ordered/
S + sb + (not) to V-inf
advised/ wanted/ warned
Ex1: “Open the book page 117, please”, the teacher said.
→ The teacher asked us to open the book page 117.
Ex2: “Don’t touch that dog”, he said.
→ He asked me not to touch that dog.
4. Các trƣờng hợp khác:
a. Câu gián tiếp với động từ + to V
- promise + to V: hứa làm gì - invite sb + to V: mời ai làm gì
- threaten + to V: đe doạ làm gì - remind + sb + to V: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
- offer + to V: đề nghị làm gì - encourage sb + to V: khuyến khích ai làm gì
- agree + to V: đồng ý làm gì - tell/ask sb + to V: bảo/yêu cầu ai làm gì
- warn + sb + not to V: cảnh báo không nên - advise sb + to V: khuyên ai làm gì
làm gì - accuse sb of + V-ing: buộc tội ai vì làm gì
- apologize (to sb) for + V-ing: xin lỗi ai
b. Câu gián tiếp với động từ + V-ing vì làm gì
- admit + V-ing: thừa nhận làm gì B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
- deny + V-ing: phủ nhận làm gì - congratulate sb on + V-ing: chúc mừng vì
- suggest + V-ing: gợi ý/ đề nghị làm gì làm gì
- confess to V-ing: thú nhận làm gì - criticize sb for V-ing: chỉ trích vì làm gì
- insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng làm gì
- object to + V-ing: phản đối làm gì
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- thank sb for + V-ing: cảm ơn ai vì làm gì - warn
sb against + V-ing: cảnh báo ai không nên làm
gì
- complain (to sb) about + V-ing: phàn nàn
về điều gì

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BT 1. Viết lại câu bằng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1. Nam said: "I have just received a postcard from my foreign friend.”
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
2. Thu said: "All the students will have a meeting next week."
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
3. I told my teacher: “I forgot to do my homework.”
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
4. Peter said: “If I pass this test, my father will buy me a new skateboard.”
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
5. Her father said to her: "You can go to the movie with your friend".
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
6. "I am looking forward to my grandfather’s gift", Phong said.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
7. “We will start collecting the data next month.” Minh said to me.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
8. "Are there any oranges in the fridge?", she asked her mom.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
9. "Were you reading this book at 8 o'clock last Sunday?", she asked Ba.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
10. "Will it rain tomorrow morning?", he asked his friend.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
11. "Do your sister and brother go to the same school?", she asked Nam.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
12. He said: “Have you finished your task, Nam?”
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
13. "Can you lend me ten pounds?" said the boy to me.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
14. I said to John, “Why aren’t you looking for a job?”
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
15. "How do you go to the airport?" his friend asked him.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
16. "Whose car did you borrow last night?” I said to him.
=> ………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

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17. "Where does your father work?" the teacher asked me.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
18. Tam's friend asked him: "How long will you stay in England?"
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
19. “What have you done to cope with your work stress?” My doctor asked me.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
20. "How many lessons are you going to learn next month?", he asked me.
=> ......................................................................................................................................................
BT 2. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. The interviewer asked me what experience __________for the job.
A. do you get B. did I get C. I got D. you got
2. They asked me whether I was working __________.
A. next day afternoon B. the afternoon followed.
C. the following afternoon D. tomorrow afternoon
3. "Where have you been hiding?", she asked. She asked me where __________ hiding.
A. I have been B. have I been C. had I be D. I had been
4. He asked me __________ home the day before.
A. what time I leave B. what time I will leave
C. what time I had left D. what time I left
5. John asked me __________ in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
6. She said I __________ an angel.
A. am B. was C. were D. have been
7. Peter said that he had lived in London four years __________.
A. then B. ago C. before D. later
8. John asked me __________ interested in any kind of sports.
A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was 9. Do you
know where __________?
A. he lives B. did he live C. does he live D. he lived
10. She asked me __________ the seat __________ or not.
A. if / had occupied B. whether / was occupied
C. if / has been occupied D. whether / occupied
11. She said she _________ collect it for me after work.
A. would B. did C. will D. had
12. I asked him but _________ he said nothing.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter
C. the matter was what D. what's the matter was
13. He asked me where I __________.
A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied
14. James _________ him up when the bus reached the square.

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A. told me wake B. asked me to wake C. said me to wake D. requested me waking
14. Excuse me. Could you tell me _________?
A. what time is it B. what is the time C. what time it is D. it is what time
16. We wonder _________ from his office after that scandal.
A. why did he not resign B. why he did not resign
C. why he not resign D. why didn't he resign
17. Jim wanted to know _________. .
A. that why were his friends laughing B. why were his friends laughing C. why his
friends were laughing D. the reason why his friends laughing
18. Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the _________ day.
A. previous B. following C. before D. last
19. She _________ him whether he liked the steak she cooked.
A. asks B. wondered C. wanted to know D. asked
20. His neighbours sometimes wondered _________ he did for a living.
A. why B. when C. where D. what
BT 3. Viết các câu sang câu gián tiếp dạng mệnh lệnh
1. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.
→ The receptionist asked the guest ..........................................................................................
2. "Take off your shoes," she told us.
→ She told us ............................................................................................................................
3. "Mind your own business," she told him.
→ She told him .........................................................................................................................
4. She said to him: "Give me another glass of wine".
→ She told.................................................................................................................................
5. She said to me: "Bring me a book".
→ She asked .............................................................................................................................
6. The mother said to him: "Open the window please!".
→ The mother told ..................................................................................................................
7. The captain said to them: "Wait here until I come back".
→ The captain asked ...............................................................................................................
8. "Do come and enjoy tea with my family" she said.
→ She invited us .....................................................................................................................
9. "Don't touch it," she said to him.
→ She told him ......................................................................................................................
10. "Don't do that again," he said to me.
→ He told me .........................................................................................................................
11. "Don't talk to me like that," he said.

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 → He told her ........................................................................................................................
12. "Don't repair the computer yourself," she warned him.
→ She warned him ................................................................................................................
13. "Don't let him in," she said.
→ She told me .......................................................................................................................
14. "Don't go out without me," he begged her.
→ He begged her ...................................................................................................................
15. "Don't forget your bag," she told me.
→ She told me .......................................................................................................................
BT 4. Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc với “to V/ Ving”
1. Roberr promised (keep) _____________ it as a secret.
2. The doctor advised him (stop) _____________ smoking and eating more vegetable.
3. I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom (give) _____________ a hand.
4. Lisa told her boyfriend (not smoke) _____________ in her dining room.
5. My parents reminded me (plant) _____________ the flowers.
6. The boy admitted (not do) _____________ the homework.
7. Our grandparents used to suggest (wear) __________ sunglasses when we were out on bright sunny days.
8. Robert offered (help) _____________ Carlo do the dishes.
9. The captain ordered his men (abandon) _____________ the ship immediately.
10. Tom promised (give) _____________ Janet the answer by the end of the week.
11. Jane criticized Frank for (disclose) _____________ their confidential report to the press.
12. The kidnappers threatened (kill) _____________ our boy if we did not pay the ransom.
13. John apologized to his Mum for (break) _____________ his promise.
14. Steve warned Mike (touch) _____________ the wires as it might be deadly.
15. Nam criticized Lan for (have) _____________ told the truth.
BT 5. Chọn câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. “If I were you, I would go to the doctor”Minh said to Lan.
A. Minh told Lan to become a doctor .
B. Minh told Lan he would go to the doctor.
C. Minh advised Lan to go to the doctor.
D. Minh advised Lan not to go to the doctor.
2. “You’d better apologise for being late,” said my mother.
A. My mother advised me to apologise for being late.
B. My mother suggested me to apologise for being late.
C. My mother suggested apologising for being late.
D. My mother warned me to apologise for being late.
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3. “Don’t open your books,” the teacher said to the pupils.
A. The teacher told the pupils to not open their books.
B. The teacher told the pupils did not open their books.
C. The teacher told the pupils not open their books.
D. The teacher told the pupils not to open their books.
4. “ Why don’t you study hard for the coming exam, Ba” Tom said.
A. Tom advised me not to study hard for the coming exam
B. Tom advised me to study hard for the coming exam.
C. Tom advised Ba not to study hard for the coming exam
D. Tom advised Ba to study hard for the coming exam.
5. “I’m really sorry for being late again.” Nga said.
A. I felt sorry for Nga’s being late again.
B. Nga was sorry for my being late again.
C. Nga excused for my being late again.
D. Nga apologized for being late again.
6. “How beautiful the dress you have just bought is!” Peter said to Mary.
A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress.
B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress.
C. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress.
D. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress.
7. “Please accept my apology for arriving late,” Nga said to her teacher.
A. Nga apologised to her teacher for her late arrival.
B. Nga thought she would apologise to her teacher for arriving late.
C. Nga quickly made an apology and the teacher accepted it.
D. Nga had to make an apology because her teacher demanded it.
8. “You shouldn’t have told the truth, Lan.” said Nam.
A. Nam suspected that lan had told the truth.
B. Nam criticized Lan for having told the truth.
C. Nam accused Lan of having told the truth.
D. Nam blamed Lan for having told the truth.
9. “I will pay back the money, Nga.” said Nam.
A. Nam apologized to Nga for borrowing her money.
B. Nam offered to pay Nga the money back.
C. Nam promised to pay back Nga’s money.
D. Nam suggested paying back the money to Nga.
10. “Would you like to come to my birthday party, Lan?” asked Huy.
A. Huy invited Lan to his birthday party.
B. Huy asked if Lan was able to come to his birthday party.
C. Huy asked Lan if she liked his birthday party or not.
D. Huy remined Lan of his coming birthday party.
11. “Why don’t you ask the teacher for help? Hung said to me.
A. Hung recommended me not to ask the teacher for help.
B. Hung advised me to ask the teacher for help.
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C. Hung told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help.
D. Hung suggested that he should ask the teacher for help.
12. “Remember to pick up at 5 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.” she said.
A. She told me to remember to pick her up at 5 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
B. She reminded me to pick her up at 5 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
C. She reminded me to remember to pick her up at 5 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
D. She told me to pick her up at 5 o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
13. “I would be grateful if you did the work.” he said to me.
A. He politely asked me to do the work.
B. He flattered me because I did the work.
C. He thanked me for doing the work.
D. He felt great because I did the work.
14. “I will not leave until I see her.” Nam said.
A. Nam was persuaded to see her before leaving.
B. Nam asked he would leave before he saw her.
C. Nam refused to leave until he saw her.
D. Nam decided to leave because he did not see her.
15. “Stop smoking or you’ll feel worse.” the doctor told me.
A. The doctor suggested smoking to feel better.
B. The doctor advised me to give up smoking to feel better.
C. I was ordered not to smoke to feel better.
D. I was warned against smoking a lot of cigarettes.

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA SUGGEST

(USAGES OF SUGGEST)
I. LÍ THUYẾT
Cấu trúc 1. S + suggest + Ving
2. S + suggest + S + (should) + V
Cách dùng 1. Cấu trúc “suggest + Ving” được dùng để nói chung chung, không ám chỉ
một người cụ thể nào.
2. Cấu trúc “suggest that + S + V” khi muốn khuyên 1 người hoặc 1 nhóm
người cụ thể
Ví dụ 1. He suggested travelling together for safety since the area was so
dangerous.
2. I suggest (that) we go out to have dinner. I know a very restaurant.
Lƣu ý Trong trường hợp dùng mệnh đề “that” thì động từ theo sau luôn ở dạng
nguyên thể không “to”
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 Ví dụ: The doctor suggests that he lose some weights.
II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
BT 2. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. They suggest that you (keep) _____________ working hard to achieve your goal.
2. Peter suggested that Jane (not spend) _____________ too much time on computer.
3. My friend suggested (not take) _____________ the dog for a walk as it was showing outside. 4. The
bookseller suggests his customer (buy) _____________ the newly released book of a famous author.
5. My teacher suggests that we (use) _____________ paperback dictionary to look up new words instead of
using online dictionary.
6. It is suggested that children (learn) _____________ a foreign language at an early age.
7. The tour guide suggested that we (try) _____________ the local specialties.
8. My classmates suggest (throw) _____________ a party to celebrate the Teacher's Day.
9. The instructor suggested that Jane (pay) _____________ more attention to his instruction.
10. Jim suggested (play) _____________ the piano and (sing) _____________ along.
BT 3. Hoàn thành những câu sau với dạng đúng của động từ cho sẵn
get play hold visit buy
go rewrite travel pay carry
1. My foreign friend suggested _____________ sightseeing in the suburbs this weekend.
2. Mrs. Brown suggested _____________ the most famous tourist attractions in Vietnam this summer holiday.
3. My mom suggested that I___________back my energy after studying hard by going shopping. 4. Peter
suggested that I _____________ my children some bracelets as souvenir after my business trip to Chinese.
5. Mary suggested that we _____________ to the South of Vietnam this summer.
6. Did the teacher suggest that we _____________ a project on preserving wonders of Vietnam?
7. Peter suggests _____________ a small party to celebrate his friend's birthday tomorrow.
8. My uncle suggested that our family _____________ a visit to Huong Pagoda.
9. Peter suggests _____________ badminton every day after school.
10. The teacher suggested that I should _____________ my essay àn submit it later.
BT 4. Viết lại các câu sau với từ “suggest”
1. "Peter should learn English." The teacher said.
 _________________________________________________________________________
2. "It's a good idea that you take a rest from work." My sister said to me.
 _________________________________________________________________________
 3. "How about going to the sea this weekend? " Tom asked.
 _________________________________________________________________________
4. "Jim, you should never play truant again." Jane said.
 _________________________________________________________________________

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 5. “Why don't we go out and enjoy the weather?" My mom said.
 _________________________________________________________________________
6. "If you visit Hanoi, you should go to Hoan Kiem Lake.” My friend told me.
 _________________________________________________________________________
7. "Jane, why don't you finish your homework before going out?" Jane's mother said.
 _________________________________________________________________________
8. "Let's work out the solution together! " Peter says.
 _________________________________________________________________________
9. “What about having dinner together?” My neighbor asked.
 _________________________________________________________________________
10. My father advised me to take any opportunities that I had.
 _________________________________________________________________________

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: CẤU TRÚC TÍNH TỪ

(STRUCTURES OF ADJECTIVE)
I. LÍ THUYẾT
1. Tính từ đi cùng với “to + V” Cấu trúc 1:
Cách dùng Tính từ + to V có nghĩa là “thật là như thế nào để (ai đó) làm gì, dùng để
nhấn mạnh thông tin.
Cấu trúc It + tobe + adj + (for O) + to V
Ví dụ It’s hard to believe that she failed the exam.
It was danergous for Harry to drive fast.
Cấu trúc 2:
Cách dùng Tính từ + to V còn được dùng để diễn tả phản ứng, cảm xúc, sự tự tin hay
lo lắng.
Cấu trúc S + tobe + adj + to V
Các tính happy/ glad (vui), pleased (hài lòng), relieved (nhẹ nhõm), sorry (tiếc),
từ thông certain/ sure (chắc chắn), confident (tự tin), afraid (sợ), annoyed (khó
dụng chịu), astonished (ngạc nhiên), aware (nhận thấy), conscious (tỉnh, ý thức)
…
Ví dụ Tom was surprised to see you.
I’m sorry to hear that your father is ill.
2. Tính từ đi cùng với mệnh đề danh từ
Cách dùng Tính từ + mệnh đề danh từ được dùng để diễn tả cảm xúc, sự tự tin hay lo lắng.
Cấu trúc S + tobe + adj + that + S + V
Các tính - Chỉ cảm xúc: happy/ glad (vui), pleased (hài lòng), delighted (vui từ thông mừng),
relieved (nhẹ nhõm), sorry (tiếc), surprising (ngạc nhiên)…
dụng - Chỉ sự tin tưởng hay lo lắng: certain/ sure (chắc chắn), confident (tự tin), afraid (sợ),
annoyed (khó chịu), astonished (ngạc nhiên), aware
(nhận thấy), conscious (tỉnh, ý thức)…
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 Ví dụ I am delighted that you passed your exam.
It was quite surprising that he is a billionare.
II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
BT 1. Dựa vào những từ cho trƣớc, viết câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. It/ hard/ Jim/ do/ this/ task.
 ___________________________________________________________________
2. It/ not/ easy/ me/ pass/ the/ test.
 ___________________________________________________________________
3. It/ challenging/ you/ change your/ job/ now.
 ___________________________________________________________________

4. Mary/ always/ afraid/ try/ anything/ new.

 ___________________________________________________________________
5. You/ confident/ win/ the/ competition?
 ___________________________________________________________________
6. My mother/ pleased/ see/ me/ at/ home/ now.
 ___________________________________________________________________
7. I/ sorry/ to/ hear/ that/ you/ have/ accident/ last week.
 ___________________________________________________________________
8. I/ glad/ you/ come/ to/ my/ party.
 ___________________________________________________________________
9. It/ not/ surprising/ Peter/ be/ best/ student/ in/ his/ class.
 ___________________________________________________________________
10. I/ convinced/ Peter/ be/ right.
 ___________________________________________________________________

BT 2. Khoanh vào lỗi sai trong câu và sửa lại cho đúng.
1. I sure that you have mistaken my pen for yours.
A B C D
2. Peter is not confident presenting his ideas to the class.
A B C D
3. It is impossible that a fish to climb a tree.
A B C D
4. Is it possible for me winning this competition?
A B C D
5. Mr. Brown was relieved hearing his wife was not injured in the accident.
A B C D
6. Are you certain that he to be the pickpocket?
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 A B C D
7. Peter astonished that he accidentally found his childhood toy.
A B C D
8. It is difficult for you pass the test if you don't study hard.
A B C D
9. Were they be able to swim across that river?
A B C D
10. They don't aware that staying up late is bad for health.
A B C D
BT 3. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi 1. Learning
English is not difficult for me.
=> It is _______________________________________________________________.
2. Jim was very confident when he said that he was the best.
=> Jim was very confident to ______________________________________________.
3. Peter received a letter from his foreign friend yesterday. He was very happy about it.
=> Peter was very happy to _______________________________________________.
4. I can't come to your party this weekend, I'm afraid.
=> I am afraid __________________________________________________________.
5. Doing gardening is not as easy as it looks
=> It is not _____________________________________________________________.
6. I had no difficulty in making the last decision.
=> It was not ___________________________________________________________.
7. I think Peter is very happ. He has won a lottery.
=> I think Peter is very happy that __________________________________________.
8. You were so lucky. You ran into a famous singer.
=> You were so lucky to __________________________________________________.

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (PASSIVE

VOICES)
Thì Chủ động (A) Bị động (P)

Hiện tại đơn S + V-inf/ s/ es + O S + am/ is/ are + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)

S + am/ is/ are + being + V-ed/ V3 +

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/ is/ are + V-ing + O
(by O)

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 Hiện tại hoàn S + have/ has + V-ed/ V3+ O S + have/ has + been + V-ed/ V3

thành + (by O)

S + was/ were + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)

Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed/ V2 + O

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/ were + V-ing + O S + was/ were + being + V-ed/ V3
+ (by O)

Quá khứ hoàn S + had + been + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)

S + had + V-ed/ V3 + O
thành

Tương lai đơn S + will + V-inf + O S + will + be + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)

Động từ khuyết
S + ĐTKT + V-inf + O S + ĐTKT + be + V-ed/ V3 + (by O)
thiếu

3. Lƣu ý Không dùng "By + tân ngữ" nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động có tính mơ hồ, chung chung (people,
something, someone, they, etc) Ex: Someone stole my motorbike last night.
 My motorbike was stolen last night.
 Nếu S trong câu chủ động là: I, you, we, they, he, she => có thể bỏ đi trong câu bị động nếu ta không
muốn đề cập tới chủ thể gây ra hành động. Ex: My father waters this flower every morning.
 This flower is watered (by my father) every morning.
• Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by”, nhưng gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì
dùng “with”.
Ex: The bird was shot by the hunter.
The bird was shot with a gun.
• Trong câu chủ động nếu có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn khi chuyển sang câu bị
động sẽ có dạng:
trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + by + trạng từ chỉ thời gian Ex: Hoa is
making a cake in the kitchen now.
 A cake is being made in the kitchen by Hoa now.
4. Những trường hợp đặc biệt
a. Câu bị động với động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến
Các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến là: say (nói rằng)/ think (nghĩa rằng)/ believe (tin rằng)/ report (thông báo
rằng)/ consider (xem xét rằng)/ suppose (cho rằng), …

(A) S1 (people/ they) + V1 (say/ think/ believe...) + (that) + S2 + V2.

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 (P)
C1: It + tobe + V1 (ed/ V3) + that + S2 + V2.
(said/ thought/ believed…) C2: S2 + tobe + V1 (ed/ V3) +
to V (nếu V1 và V2 cùng thì).
(said/ thought/ believed…)
to have +V2-ed/V3 (nếu V1 và V2 khác thì)

to be V2-ing (nếu V2 là thì tiếp diễn)

Ex1: People said that he was nice to his friends.

Cách 1: It was said that he was nice to his friends. Cách 2: He was
said to be nice to his friends.
Ex2: People think he stole his mother’s money.
Cách 1: It is thought that he stole his mother’s money.
Cách 2: He is thought to have stolen his mother’s money. Ex3: They
reported that the troops were coming.
Cách 1: It was reported that the troops were coming. Cách 2: The
troops was reported to be coming.

b. Câu bị động với động từ chỉ sự nhờ vả, sai khiến

Active Passive
S + have + sb + V + sth. S + have + sth + Ved/ V3 + (by + sb)
S + get + sb + to V + sth. S + get + sth + Ved/ V3 + (by + sb)
S + make + sb + V + sth Sb + tobe made + to V + sth + (by sb)

Ex1: Thomas has his son buy a cup of coffee.

 Thomas has a cup of coffee bought by his son.
Ex2: Shally got her husband to clean the kitchen for her.
 Shally got the kitchen cleaned by her husband.
Ex3: Suzy makes the hairdresser cut her hair.
 The hairdresser is made to cut the hair by Suzy.
II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
BT 1. Chuyển các câu sau thành câu bị động
1. Mary types letters in the office.
…………………………………………………………………...…………………………….
2. His father will help you tomorrow.
……………………………………………………………………………………..…………..
3. Peter broke this bottle.
………………………………………………………………...……………………………….
4. They are learning English in the room.

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 ……………………………………………………………..…………………………………..
5. No one had told me about it.
…………………………………………………………..……………………………………..
6. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.
…………………………………………………………..……………………………………..
7. Somebody has taken some of my books away. …………………………………………………………..
……………………………………..
8. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
…………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
9. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
……………………………………..…………………………………………………………..
10. You mustn't use this machine after 5:30 p.m.
………………………………………..………………………………………………………..
11. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
…………………………………………….…………………………………………………
12. Did the teacher give some exercises?
……………………………………….………………………………………………………
13. Is she making big cakes for the party?
………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
14. Must we finish the test before ten?
………………………………….……………………………………………………………
15. Have you finished your homework?
…………………………………….…………………………………………………………
16. Where do people speak English?
…………………………………….…………………………………………………………
17. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
………………………………………...…………………………………………………………
18. What time will Tom finish this English test?
……………………………………………...……………………………………………………
19. How can they open this safe?
……………………………………………..………………………………………………………
20. How did the police find the lost man?

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…………………………………………….……………………………………………………….
BT 2. Chuyển các câu với động từ tƣờng thuật sau sang câu bị động (2 cách)
1. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
………………………………….……………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. They say that John is the brightest student in class.
……………………………………………….………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
…………………………………………………….…………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They declared that she won the competition.
……………………………………………………….………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. They rumored the man was still living.
…………………………………………………….…………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. They reported that the troops were coming.
……………………………………………………….………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. People rumored that there was a ghost in that house.
…………………………………………………….…………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. They claimed that everything they said was true.
……………………………………………………….………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. They don’t think that this camera costs that much.
………………………………………………………………….……………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. People didn’t expect that the building collapsed after the storm.
………………………………………………………………….……………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
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BT 3. Chuyển các câu sau thành câu bị động chỉ sự nhờ vả

1. They have her tell the story again.

….……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
….……………………………………………..………………………………………………
3. Anne had had a friend type her composition.
….……………………………………..………………………………………………………
4. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
….………………………………………….…………………………………………………
5. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
….…………………………………………….………………………………………………
6. He had a mechanic repair his car.
….……………………………………….……………………………………………………
7. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater. ….……………………………………….
……………………………………………………
8. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
….……………………………………….……………………………………………………
9. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
….……………………………………….……………………………………………………
10. I must have the dentist check my teeth.
….……………………………………………………………………………………………
BT 4. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. We can’t go along here because the road ____________.
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs
2. The story I’ve just read ____________Agatha Christie.
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
3. I’m going to go out and ____________.
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
4. Something funny ____________ in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
5. Some film stars ____________ difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
6. Today, many serious childhood diseases ____________ by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. can be prevented D. prevent
7. Do you get your heating ____________ every year?
A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked
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8. All bottles ____________ before transportation.
A. frozen B. was frozen C. were frozen D. are froze
9. The telephones ____________ by Alexander Graham Bell.
A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented
10. They’ve already____________, sir. They’re on your desk.
A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed
11. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It ____________ of cotton.
A. be made B. are made C. is made D. made
12. They had a boy ____________ that yesterday.
A. done B. to do C. did D. do
13. We got our mail ____________ yesterday.
A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
14. Mr. Wilson is ____________ as Willie to his friend.
A. known B. knew C. is known D. know
15. Have you ____________ by a dog?
A. bite B. ever been bit C. ever been bitten D. bit
16. The room is being ____________ at the moment.
A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean 17. It
____________ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected B. was expected C. are expected D. expected 18. It is
____________ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting
19. He was said ____________ this building.
A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed
20. Parrots and crows ____________ the most intelligent birds.
A. were considering B. are considered C. was considered D. considered

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: TỪ CHỈ ĐỊNH LƢỢNG

(QUANTIFIERS)
Lƣợng từ + danh từ đếm Lƣợng từ + danh từ Lƣợng từ + cả hai
đƣợc không đếm đƣợc
A large/ great number of A large amount of (một Any (bất cứ)
(một số lượng lớn) lượng lớn)
Several (một vài) A great deal of (một Some (chút/ một ít)
lượng lớn)
Many (nhiều) Much (nhiều) Most (phần lớn)
Few/ A few (vài/ một vài) Little/ a little (chút/ một Most of (phần lớn của)
chút)
Every/ each (mỗi) Plenty of (nhiều của)
A majority of (đa số) A lot of/ lots of (nhiều
của)

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1. Phân biệt 1 số cách dùng lƣợng từ
Diễn đạt ý - MANY = a large number of/ a MUCH = a great deal of/ a large
nghĩa là great many/ a majority of/ a wide amount of...
“NHIỀU” variety of/ a wide range of - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được.
- Dùng với danh từ đếm được. VD: They drink much/ a large
VD: I have many/ a number of amount of water every day.
interesting books..
MANY + MUCH = A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of/ a (large) quantity of
(Dùng với cả danh từ cả đếm được và không đếm được).
VD: He spent much/ a lot of money for the car.
Diễn đạt ý A FEW A LITTLE
nghĩa là - Dùng với danh từ đếm được. - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được.
“MỘT ÍT” VD: I’ve got a few interesting books. VD: We have a little rice in the
kitchen.
Diễn đạt ý FEW LITTLE
nghĩa là - Dùng với danh từ đếm được. - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được.
“HẦU NHƯ VD: I’ve got few interesting books. VD: We have little rice in the
KHÔNG/ kitchen.
RẤT ÍT”
Diễn đạt ý SOME ANY
nghĩa là - Dùng trong câu khẳng định và trong - Dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn
“MỘT VÀI” câu nghi vấn khi mang ý mời/đề nghị. và dùng trong câu khẳng định khi nó
VD: I have some money. mang ý nghĩa là “bất cứ”. VD: I
VD: Would you like some coffee? don’t have any money. VD: Any
dictionaries can give you the
meaning of this world.
VD: If you have any questions, feel
free to ask me.
Diễn đạt ý ALL BOTH

nghĩa là “TẤT - Dùng để chỉ từ ba ngườỉ/vật (tất cả) trở - Dùng để chỉ cả hai người/vật (cả
CẢ” lên. hai).
VD: I tried four hotels near the beach, VD: I tried two hotels near the
but all of them are expensive. beach, but both of them are
expensive.
Diễn đạt ý NONE NEITHER/EITHER
nghĩa là - Dùng để chỉ từ ba người/vật trở lên
- Dùng để chỉ cả hai người/vật đều
“KHÔNG” đều không. không. Trong đó:
VD: I have three shirts, but I like none
+ Neither: dùng trong câu khẳng
of them. định.
- Lưu ý: No + N = none (None được + Either: dùng trong câu phủ định.
dùng thay cho No + N khi cụm này VD: I have two shirts, but I like
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 được nhắc đến trước nó.) neither of them.
VD: She has many books but I have = I have two shirts, but I don't like
none. (I have none = I have no books.) either of them.
Diễn đạt ý MOST MOST OF
nghĩa là - Most + N = most of + the/ tính từ sở hữu + N
“HẦU HẾT” VD: Most young people like facebook. = Most of the young people like
facebook.
Lƣu ý:
MOSTLY (chủ yếu là): dùng như một trạng từ VD:
The customers here are mostly kids.
ALMOST (gần như): - Dùng như một trạng từ bổ trợ cho động từ, tính từ, danh
từ.
VD: It was almost midnight when she came home.
- Luôn đi với cụm danh từ mở đầu bằng các từ: all, every, no, any.
VD: Almost everyone here likes her speech.
Diễn đạt ý EACH EVERY
nghĩa là - Dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít - Dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít
“MỖl/ MỌI” VD: Each ticket costs 200,000 VND. VD: Each student has a book.
- Dùng với danh từ số nhiều khi có số
lượng cụ thể.
VD: We should have a medical check
every six months.
Diễn đạt ý OTHER ANOTHER
nghĩa là “CÁI
- Other + danh từ đếm được số nhiều/ - Another + danh từ đếm được số ít
KHÁC/
không đếm được VD: I have eaten my cake, give me
NGƢỜI another.
VD: Other students are from Vietnam.
KHÁC”

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 Sự khác nhau giữa OTHER - Sự khác nhau giữa THE OTHER -
OTHERS: THE OTHER:
Others = Other + N/ đại từ - The other: cái/ người còn lại trong
VD: Some students like sports, others hai người,...
don’t/ other students don’t. The other + danh từ đếm đƣợc số ít
VD: I have 3 close friends. Two of
whom are teachers. The other
(friend) is a doctor.
- The others: những cái còn lại/
những người còn lại
The others = The other + danh từ
đếm được số nhiều
VD: I have 3 close friend. One of
them is a teacher. The other friends/
the others are doctors.

2. Từ chỉ định lƣợng về đồ ăn

A teaspoon of honey: 1 thìa (nhỏ) mật ong A bowl of soup: 1 bát súp
A tablespoon of sugar: 1 thìa (lớn) đường A cup of soda: 1 cốc soda
A pot of jam: 1 hũ mứt A bottle of wine: 1 chai rượu
A slice of bread: 1 lát bánh mì A carton of cookies: 1 hộp bánh quy
A piece of cheese: 1 mẩu phô mai A kilo of rice: 1 cân gạo
A bunch of bananas: 1 nải chuối A bag of pepper: 1 túi hạt tiêu
A drop of oil: 1 giọt dầu A pinch of salt: 1 nhúm muối
A glass of beer: 1 ly bia A head of cabbage: 1 cây bắp cải
A leaf of lettuce: 1 lá rau diếp A clove of garlic: 1 nhánh tỏi
A stick of cinnamon: 1 thanh/ cây quế A liter a water: 1 lít nước
A handful of cherry tomatoes: 1 nắm cà chua bi A loaf of bread: 1 ổ bánh mì
A pitcher of lemonade: 1 bình nước chanh A tin of sardine: 1 hộp (lon) cá trích

II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

BT 1. Điền “a, an, some, any” vào chỗ trống
1. Have you heard ____________ news about the accident on the main road?
2. It is a pity that I don't have ____________ camera now.
3. My brother likes ____________ modern music.
4 . I realized that ____________ strange man was following me.
5. Would you like ____________ cup of coffee?
6. There is ____________ glimmer of hope that Mary will recover from her illness.
7. I don't have ____________ pets. I wish I had one.
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8. I think ____________ black dress is not suitable for you.
9 . Jim has made ____________ good impression on his new co-workers.
10. It was ____________ great honor to receive the reward.
11. Mary claimed that she didn't have ____________ unique talents.
12. I don't want ____________ more vegetables.
13. ____________ people find it difficult to learn a foreign language.
14. There aren't ______ oranges left in the fridge so we decided to go shopping for _________.
15. David doesn't have ____________ expectations of his future career.
BT 2. Chọn lượng từ phù hợp cho các câu sau
1. He doesn't have (many/ much) money.

2. I would like (a few/ a little) salt on my vegetables.

3. There are (less/ fewer) boys than girls in this class.
4. I don't want (some/ any) eggs but I want (some/ any) cheese.
5. They have given (a large number of/ a great deal of) time on training.
6. They went from one shop to (another/ other).
7. The mixture looks rather dry. Maybe you should add (a little/ little) water.
8. He has two bookstores. One is in Thac Mo. (The other/ Another) is in Phuoc Binh.
9. He bought (much/ many) furniture for her new apartment which she has bought recently.
10. Peter has spent (a great deal of/ a large number of) time and money on stamp collecting.
11. Both men (was/ were) interested in this job in the interview yesterday.
12. There are four books on the table. (Each/ All) has a different colour.
13. (Neither/ None) restaurant is expensive.
14. Did you take (any/ some) photographs when you were on holiday?
15. The news has (many/ plenty of) important information.
16. He drank (too many/ too much) wine last night and gets sick now.
17. (Most/ Most of) my students are familiar with this kind of school activities.
18. The Olympic games are held (every/ many) four years.
19. He had so (a lot of/ many) things to do.
20. With only (a few/ a little) hope, Harry didn't know how to keep going another day.
BT 3. Chọn đáp án đúng
1. There was hardly _________ money left in the bank account.
A. no more B. some C. no D. any
2. She spent _________ her free time watching TV.
A. a few B. most of C. a lot D. most
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3. Unfortunately, we've made _________.
A. little progress B. a few progresses C. little progresses D. few progress
4._________students in our class is 45.
A. A large amount of B. A lot of C. A number of D. The number of
5. The two cars for sale were in poor condition, so I didn't buy _________.
A. neither of them B. either of them C. each of them D. none of them
6. If you book in advance, you will _________ certainly have a better table at our restaurant.
A. mostly B. almost C. most D. the most
7. Our village had _________ money available for education that the schools had to close.
A. so little B. such little C. so much D. such much
8. _________ of transportation has given someone the idea for a new type of toy.
A. Mostly forms B. Most every form C. Almost every form D. Almost forms
9. Peter has been studying for almost three years and he will have this degree and return to his country in
_________ six months.
A. others B. the other C. other D. another
10. There is too _________ bad news on TV tonight.
A. many B. much C. a few D. a little
11. They asked me a lot of questions, _________ I couldn't answer.
A. much of which B. both of them C. neither of which D. most of which
12. All the boys are good at cooking, but _________ is as good as the girls.
A. either B. neither C. every D. none
13. I had a red pen but I seem to have lost it; I think I'd better buy _________ one.
A. the other B. another C. others D. the
14. He bought three shirts; one for him and ________ for his children.
A. others B. the other C. another D. the others
15. In the United States, __________ the states but Hawaii is an island.
A. all of B. neither of C. none of D. no of
BT 4. Hoàn thành câu với các từ chỉ định lƣợng đồ ăn
heads bowl glass kilos handful
cloves slice pitchers carton pinch
1. My father rarely has a of __________bread for breakfast.
2. Would you like a __________ of beer?
3. We need to buy some __________ of rice.
4. Jane is making some __________ of lemonade for the party.
5. Tasked my mother for another __________ of soup.
6. My grandmother often give me a __________ of home-made cookies every week.
7. Can you help me crush some __________ of garlic?
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 8 . You might need more than a __________ of cherry tomatoes to make salad.
9. Can you go to the supermarket and buy some __________ of cabbage?
10. A __________ of salt is enough. If you put more, the soup will be too salt.

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

(CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)
I. LÍ THUYẾT
1. Công thức
Loại Công thức Cách sử dụng
0 If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), S+ V(hiện tại đơn) Ex: Diễn tả thói quen, sự thật hiển
If you freeze water, it becomes a solid. nhiên
1 If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), S + will/ can/ should/ may + Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra ở hiện
V tại, ở tương lai
Ex: If the weather is nice, I will go swimming
tomorrow.
2 If + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + would/ could/ should/ Diễn tả sự việc không có thật
might + V ở hiện tại
Ex: If I were you, I would follow her advice.
3 If + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would/ could/ Diễn tả sự việc không có thật
should/ might + have + Ved/ V3 ở quá khứ
Ex: If I had studied the lessons, I could have
Hỗn hợp If + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would/ could/ Diễn tả nguyên nhân, kết quả
should/ might + V của 1 sự việc
Ex: If she hadn't stayed up late last night, she wouldn't
be so tired now.
Lƣu ý: Unless = If ………not

2. Viết lại câu

1. Mệnh đề 1 (-) because Mệnh đề 2 (+) => If Mệnh đề 2 (lùi thì) (+), Mệnh đề 1 (lùi thì) (-)
Ex: I won’t go to the cinema because I am sick
 If I weren’t sick, I would go to the cinema. sick.
2. Mệnh đề 1 (-) so Mệnh đề 2 (+) => If Mệnh đề 1 (lùi thì) (+), Mệnh đề 2 (lùi thì)
Ex: He studies hard so he will get a high If he didn’t study hard, he wouldn’t get a high mark. mark.
3. Mệnh đề 1 (-) or Mệnh đề 2 (+) => If Mệnh đề 1, Mệnh đề 2 (2 MĐ đều) không lùi thì)
Ex: Do your homework or you won’t trong 2 MĐ, thêm chủ ngữ) watch TV.
 If you don’t your homework, you won’t watch TV.

II. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

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BT 2: Chia động từ trong câu điều kiện loại 1
1) If I (study)____________, I (pass) ___________ the exams.
2) If the sun (shine)____________, we (walk) ____________to the town.
3) If he (have) ___________a temperature, he (see) ____________the doctor.
4) If my friends (come)_____________, I (be) ______________very happy.
5) If she (earn) _____________a lot of money, she (fly) _____________to New York.
6) If we (travel)_____________ to London, we (visit) _____________the museums.
7) If you (wear) ____________sandals in the mountains, you (slip) _____________on the rocks.
8) If Rita (forget) ___________her homework, the teacher (give) ____________her a low mark.
9) If they (go)______________ to the disco, they (listen)______________ to loud music.
10) If you (wait) ______________a minute, I (ask) _______________my parents.
BT 3: Chia động từ trong câu điều kiện loại 2
1. If you (play) __________________ for lower stakes, you wouldn't lose so much.
2. If you drove your car into the river, _________you (be)________able to get out?
3. If you (not belong) __________________ to a union, you couldn't get a job.
4. If I (win) __________________ a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.
5. What ___________ you (do) ___________ if you found a burglar in your house?
6. I could tell you what this means if I (know) __________________ Greek.
7. If everybody (give) __________________ Ј1, we would have enough.
8. He might get fat if he (stop) __________________ smoking.
9. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not come) __________________.
10. If you (see) __________________ someone drowning, what would you do?
BT 4: Chia động từ trong câu điều kiện loại 3
1. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) __________________ you.
2. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) __________________ here last week.
3. I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) __________________ it with my own eyes.
4. If he had asked you, _____________you (accept) _____________?
5. If he had known the whole story, he (not be) _____________ so angry.
6. I (offer) _____________ to help him if I had realized that he was ill.
7. If you had left that wasp alone, it (not sting) _____________ you.
8. If I (realize) _____________ what a bad driver you were, I wouldn't have come with you.
9. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I (stop) _____________ .
10. But for the fog, we (reach) _____________ our destination ages ago.
BT 6. Chọn đáp án đúng
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1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be
3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.
A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked
4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did
5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.
A. would have been/ hadn't lied B. would be/ didn't lie
C. will be/ don't lie D. would be/ hadn't lied
7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.
A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.
A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night
A. had known/ could have phoned B. knew/ would have phoned
C. know/ can phone D. knew/ could phone
12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell
13. If you press that button, what _____?
A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen
14. She says if she had realized that the traffic lights were red, she _____.
A. would have stopped B. could stopp C. stopped D. would stop
15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped
16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.
A. had discovered/ would inform B. had discovered/ would have informed
C. had discovered/ could inform D. discovered/ can inform
17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go/ gave B. had gone/ would have given
C. go/ give D. went/ would give
18. If he _______ the lesson yesterday, he could do the test better today.
A. has reviewed B. had reviewed C. will review D. reviewed
19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be
20. If it had not rained last night, the roads in the city _______ so slippery now.

BÀI TẬP NGỮ PHÁP THEO CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ THI VÀO LỚP 10 | 32
A. would not be B. must not be
C. could not have been D. would not have been
BT 7: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng câu điều kiện
1. He can't go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
2. I can't play football this afternoon because I felt tired.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
3. She can't be employed because she doesn't have a college degree.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
4. We put off our trip because the weather was terrible.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
5. She is lazy so she can't pass the exam.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
6. He smokes too much; that's why he can't get rid of his cough.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
7. She walked to the meeting. She was late.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
8. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
9. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you'll be fired at once.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
11. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
12. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
13. Unless you promise to return back, I won't lend you.
=> If _________________________________________________________________________
14. If you do not like this one, I'll bring you another.
=> Unless _____________________________________________________________________
15. I only come if they invite me.
=> Unless _____________________________________________________________________

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 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: SO SÁNH

(COMPARISONS)
BT 1:
1. as easy 11. faster 21. most intelligent
2. as fat 12. more populous 22. the most polluted
3. as/ so difficult 13. more densely 23. the most stunning
4. as fun 14. more reliable 24. the tallest
5. as popular 15. better 25. the most enjoyable
6. as/ so hot 16. farther 26. the worst
7. as difficult 17. happier 27. the largest
8. as developed 18. healthier 28. the richest
9. as delicious 19. slower 29. the most boring
10. as/ so talented 20. worse 30. the happiness
BT 2:
1B 5C 9B 13D 17C
2D 6B 10C 14B 18D
3B 7C 11A 15C 19B
4A 8C 12D 16A 20D
BT 3:
1. Peter is the tallest person in my class.
2. No mountain in the world is higher than Mount Everest.
3. She is the prettiest girl I have ever met.
4. That computer works worse than this one./
That computer doesn’t work as/ so well as this one.
5. The red car is more expensive than the black car./
The red car isn’t as/ so cheap as the black car.
6. The more he works, the more tired he feels.
7. The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is.
8. The sooner we set off, the sooner we will arrive.
9. The better the joke is, the louder the laughter is.
10. The fatter she gets, the more tired she feels.
BT 4:
1. A (more) 6. C (windier)
2. B (the worst) 7. B (more often)
3. A. (the more) 8. C (better)
4. C. (correctly) 9. D (is)
5. C (loudly) 10. A (the richer)
BT 1:
1. Nam said that he had just received a postcard from his foreign friend.
2. Thu said that all the students would have a meeting the following week.
3. I told my teacher that I had forgot to do my homework.
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4. Peter said that if he passed that test, his father would buy him a new skateboard.
5. Her father said to her that she could go to the movie with her firend.
6. Phong said that he was looking forward to his grandfather’s gift.
7. Minh said to me they would start collecting the data the next month.
8. She asked her mom if there were any oranges in the fridge.
9. She asked Ba if he was reading that book at 8 o’clock the Sunday before.
10. He asked his friend if it would rain the next morning.
11. She asked Nam if his sister and brother went to the same school.
12. He asked Nam if he had finished his task.
13. The boy asked me if I could lend him 10 pounds.
14. I asked John why he wasn’t looking for a job.
15. His friend asked him how he went to the airport.
16. I asked him whose car he had borrowed the night before.
17. The teacher asked me where my father worked.
18. Tam’s friend aksed him how long he would stay in England.
19. My doctor asked me what I had done to cope with my work stress.
20. He asked me how many lesson I was going to learn the next month. BT 2:
1C 5D 9D 13D 17C
2C 6B 10B 14B 18B
3D 7C 11A 15C 19B
4C 8D 12A 16B 20D
BT 3:
1. The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form.
2. She told us to take off our shoes.
3. She told him to my his own business.
4. She told him to give her another glass of wine.
5. She asked me to bring her a book.
6. My mother told him to open the window.
7. The captain aksed them to wait there until he came back.
8. She invited us to do come and enjoy tea with her family.
9. She told him not to touch it.
10. He told me not to do that again.
11. He told her not to talk to him like that.
12. She warned him not to repair the computer himself.
13. She told me not to let him in.
14. He begged her not to go out without him.
15. She told me not to forget her bag.
BT4:
1. to keep 6. not doing 11. disclosing
2. to stop 7. wearing 12. to kill
3. to give 8. to help 13. breaking
4. not to smoke 9. to abandon 14. to touch
5. to plant 10. to give 15. having
BT5:
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1C 4D 7A 10A 13C
2A 5D 8B 11D 14C
3D 6C 9C 12B 15B
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
BT1:
1. Letters are typed in the office by Mary.
2. You will be helped by his father tomorrow.
3. This bottle was broken by Peter.
4. English is being learnt in the room.
5. I had not been told about it.
6. All the workers of the plan were been instructed by the chief engineer.
7. Some of my books have been taken away.
8. The victims have been provided with food and clothing.
9. English is spoken in almost every corner of the world.
10. This machine must not be used after 5:30 pm.
11. Would she be invited to your wedding party?
12. Were some execises given by the teacher?
13. Were big cakes being made for the party?
14. Must the test be finished before ten?
15. Has your homework been finished?
16. Where is English spoken?
17. Who is being kept in the kitchen?
18. What time will this English test be finished by Tom?
19. How can this safe be opened?
20. How was the lost man be found by the police?
BT2:
1. It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.
13 is believed to be an unlucky number.
2. It is said that John is the brightest student in class.
John is said to be the brightest student in class.
3. It was known that they had told him of the meeting. They were
known to have told him of the meeting.
4. It was declared that she won the competition. She was decleared
to win the competition.
5. It was rumored that the man was still living. The man was
rumored to be living.
6. It was reported that the troops were coming. The troops were
reported to be coming.
7. It was rumored that there was a ghost in that house.
There was rumored to be a ghost in that house.
8. It was claimed that everything they said was true. Everything
they said was claimed to be true.

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9. It isn’t thought that this camera costs that much. This camera
isn’t thought to cost that much.
10. It wasn’t expected that the building collapsed after the storm.
The building wasn’t expected to collapse after the storm. BT3:
1. They have the story told again by her.
2. John gest his shirt cleaned by his sister.
3. Anne had had her composition typed by a friend.
4. Rick will have his hair cut by a barber.
5. I will get a new dress made by the dressmaker.
6. He had his car repaired by machenic.
7. She often gets the heater maintained by the technician.
8. They had the shoplifter arrested by the police.
9. Are you going to have your shoes repaired by the shoemaker.
10. I must have my teeth checked by the dentist. BT4:
1C 5B 9D 13B 17A
2B 6C 10D 14A 18C
3B 7D 11C 15C 19C
4B 8C 12A 16B 20B

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA SUGGEST

(USAGES OF SUGGEST)
BT1:
1. take 3. do 5. holding 7. should be 9. go
2. playing 4. do 6. change 8. take care 10. shouldn’t choose
BT2:
1. (should) keep 6. (should) learn
2. shouldn’t spend / doesn’t spend 7. (should) try
3. not taking 8. throwing
4. (should) buy 9. paying
5. (should) use BT3: 10. playing - singing

1. going 6. (should) carry

2. visiting 7. holding
3. (should) get 8. should pay
4. (should) buy 9. playing
5. (should) travel 10. rewrite
BT 4:
1. The teacher suggested that Peter should learn English.
2. My sister suggested you (should) take a rest from work.
3. Tom suggested going to the sea this weekend.

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4. Jane suggested that Jim should never play truant again.
5. My mom suggested going out and enjoying the weather.
6. My friend suggested that you should go to Hoan Kiem lake if I visited Ha Noi.
7. Jane’s mother suggested that she (should) finished her homework before going out.
8. Peter suggested working out the solution together.
9. My neighbor suggested having dinner together.
10. My father suggested that I (should) take any opportunities that I had.

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: CẤU TRÚC TÍNH TỪ

(STRUCTURES OF ADJECTIVE)
BT1:
1. It is hard for Jim to do this task.
2. It is not easy to me to pass the test.
3. It is challenging for you to change your job now.
4. Mary is always afraid to try anything new.
5. Are you cofident to win the competition?
6. My mother is pleased to see me at home now.
7. I am sorry to hear that you had an accident last week.
8. I am glad that you come to my party.
9. It is now surprising that Peter is the best student in his class.
10. I’m convinced that Peter is right. BT 2:
1. A ( am sure) 6. C (is)
2. B (to present) 7. A (was astonished)
3. D (climbs) 8. C (to pass)
4. C (to win) 9. B (omit “be”)
5. B (to hear) 10. A (aren’t awared)
BT3:
1. … not difficult for me to learn English.
2. … say that he was the best.
3. … receive a letter from his foreign friend yesterday.
4. … that I cannot come to your party this weekend.
5. … as easy to do graderning as it looks.
6. … difficult for me t make the last decision.
7. ... he has won a lottery.
8. … run into a famous singer.

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 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: TỪ CHỈ ĐỊNH LƢỢNG
(QUANTIFIERS)
BT 1:
1. any 4. a 7. any 10. a 13. some
2. any 5. a 8. a 11. any 14. any - some
3. some BT 6. a 9. a 12. any 15. any
2:
1. much 6. another 11. were 16. too much
2. a little 7. a little 12. each 17. most of
3. fewer 8. the other 13. none 18. every
4. any – some 9. much 14. any 19. many
5. a great deal of 10. a great deal of 15. plenty of 20. a little
BT 3:
1D 4D 7A 10B 13B
2B 5B 8C 11D 14D
3A 6B 9D 12D 15C
BT 4:
1. slice 3. kilos 5. bowl 7. cloves 9. heads
2. glass 4. pitchers 6. carton 8. handful 10. pinch

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

(CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)
BT 1:
1. expose – burns 6. multiply – get
2. heat – turns 7. calls – am not
3. gets – expands 8. go - mail
4. stand – get 9. is – drinks
5. rings - open 10. freezes - is
BT 2:
1. study – will pass 6. travel – will visit
2. shines – will walk 7. wear – will slip
3. has – will see 8. forgets – will give
4. come – will be 9. go – will listen
5. earns – will fly 10. wait –will ask
BT 3:
1. played 6. knew
2. would … be 7. gave
3. didn’t belong 8. stopped
4. won 9. wouldn’t come
5. would … do 10. saw
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BT 4:
1. would have visited 6. would have
offered
2. had been 7. wouldn’t have stung
3. hadn’t seen 8. had realized
4. would … have accepted 9. would have
stopped
5. wouldn’t have been 10. would have reached
BT 5:
1. would get 6. would stay
2. had supported 7. hadn’t known
3. had had 8. wouldn’t be
4. had been 9. hadn’t been
5. would taste BT 10. hadn’t stopped
6:
1B 5D 9A 13C 17B
2A 6A 10B 14A 18B
3D 7B 11A 15D 19A
4B 8C 12B 16B 20A
BT 7:
1. If he didn’t have to study for his exam, he could go out.
2. If I hadn’t felt tired, I could have played football this afternoon.
3. If she had a college degree, she could be employed.
4. If the weather hadn’t been terrible, we wouldn’t have put off our trip.
5. If she weren’t lazy, she could pass the exam.
6. If he didn’t smoke too much, he could get rif of his cough.
7. If she hadn’t walked to the meeting, she wouldn’t have been late.
8. If I hadn’t eaten lunch, I wouldn’t feel hungry now.
9. If you tell lies to your boss, you’ll be fired at once./
If you don’t tell lies to your boss, you won’t be fired at once.
10. If you are impatient, you will make mistakes.
11. If you study hard, you will pass the exam./
If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
12. If you tell me the whole the truth, I will help you./
If you don’t tell me the whole the truth, I won’t help you.
13. If you don’t promise to return back, I won’t lend you.
14. Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another.
15. Unless they invite me, I won’t come.

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