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T H E CO M P L E T E M AG A Z I N E F O R T H E R E G I O N

January 2024 www.southasia.com.pk

PAKISTAN

Will there be a
National
Government? Pakistan needs political stability for sustainable economic
growth and steady development. Election or no election, will
[OLMVYTH[PVUVMHUH[PVUHSNV]LYUTLU[MVY[OLUL_[Ä]L`LHYZ
lead the crisis-hit country to a better future?

B A NI G
N LDAIDAE S H
Business
Level as Usual
Playing Field?
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CONTENTS

16 Cover Story
The idea of a National Government is not new, but whether it will lead to some
positive outcomes is a matter that merits further scrutiny and consideration.

Editor’s Comment 05 Dhaka

Readers’ Thoughts 06 Level Playing Field? 41
Grapevine 08 Colombo
Who Said That! 08 Refugees in their Own Land 43
News Buzz 09 International
Cover Story Prospects and Possibilities 45
A National Government: To Win Which War? 16 Hero or Villain? 47
Crossing the Rubicon 18 Features
Illegitimate Government 21 Environment
Region Mission: Carbon Neutral 49
Karachi Inequity
'LIÀFXOW7LPHV
Islamabad
23 Rich People, Poor Country
Society
50
36
Desperate Measures 25 Dilemma of an Autistic Boy 52
Lahore Economics
Back with a Bang 27 Grain of Truth 54
Islamabad Legacy
Bloc Politics 30 Kolachi, Khadda, and Kakapir 56
New Delhi Launch
Teesri Baar Modi Sarkar? 32 Gallery of Glory 58
Banaras Reviews
Politics of Representation 34 Book
Chandigarh Destined to Fail 59
Stateless Sikh 36 The World Between Us 60
Malé TV Serial
‘India Out’ 38 Guru 61

47
Kathmandu Film
Soldier of Fortune 39 The Dawn of the Planet of the Apes 62

23 27

58
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COMMENT

Shining South Asia

JANUARY 2024 VOL.28 ISSUE 01
Welcome to the New Year 2024. Even though the onset of the New Year
PRESIDENT & EDITOR IN CHIEF is celebrated across the world as just another customary annual occasion,
Syed Jawaid Iqbal the year 2024 is not an ordinary moment, especially for the people of South
MANAGING EDITOR & COO Asia, a cluster of eight nations comprising Pakistan, India, Afghanistan,
Syed Ovais Akhtar Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Being the world’s
EXECUTIVE EDITOR most populous region, amassing about 1.938 billion people under its roof,
Faizan Usmani South Asia is at a critical crossroads yet again, and the significance of 2024 is
mostly attributable to the region’s continuous democratic progression and
SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT
ceaseless political processes amidst formidable challenges and rapidly-evolving geopolitics.
Rafi Khan - UK
It is pertinent to note that the year 2024 will see the holding of general elections in many
South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan.
CONTRIBUTORS
What makes such nations identical to each other is their ceaseless journey on the democratic
Ali Hassan Bangwar – Ambassador Naghmana A. Hashmi
Asif Javed – Atif Shamim Syed – Beenish Mahmood path despite their chequered governance records tainted with military rule, emergencies,
Daniyal Talat – Dr. Aadil Nakhoda – Dr. Farah Naz and one-party authoritarianism. As ill luck would have it, none of the South Asian countries,
Dr. Masooma Shakir – Dr. Rajkumar Singh
other than India, has been able to witness a smooth transition to democracy since their
Dr. Talat Farooq – Justice (R) M. Shaiq Usmani
Maleeha Faisal Siddiqui – Mirza Mohammad Nayyar beginnings as independent nations free of colonialism, dictatorship, oligarchy, imperialism,
Muhammad Arslan Qadeer – Muhammad Omar Iftikhar and succession of kingly reigns. In the last few decades, in particular, the South Asian region,
Nikhat Sattar – S. R. H. Hashmi – S.M. Shahid
as a whole, has fared quite remarkably in terms of its incremental transition of the democratic
Sajad Jatoi – Salis Malik – Sara Danial
Senator (R) Javed Jabbar – Tania Arslan Qadeer system while contributing towards the devolution of power to the masses like clockwork.
The common perception is that the electoral politics of South Asia matters most to the global
GRAPHICS & LAYOUT powers, who are not only keeping a close eye on the situation but also trying to realign the
Haroon Rasheed region’s political structure with
Kamran Ghulam Nabi a single brush to serve their
Riaz Masih
own interests. Still, it is
understandable that this
GENERAL MANAGER – SALES & MARKETING
Syed Naushad Haider
interest has been revived once
again, and the scale of caution
PRODUCTION & COORDINATION
Aqam-ud-Din Khan has come to an end because the global community has once more reached the Cold War
CIRCULATION & DISTRIBUTION
era, making local alliances to compete with those of the largest economies and countries of
Shehryar Zulfiqar immense geopolitical significance.
Oddly enough, a common point of interest in major South Asian countries like India,
Pakistan, and Bangladesh is that in all three countries, the prime ministerial candidates
EDITORIAL & BUSINESS OFFICE
include those currently or have been in the prime ministerial position, and the people of these
20-C, Lane 12, off Khayaban-e-Ittehad, Phase II
Extension, DHA, Karachi - 75500, Pakistan countries are now vying for a stable political environment and policy continuity to let the
Phones: 92-21- 35313821-23 development process to flow smoothly and go forward. Also, what makes these South Asian
Website: www.southasia.com.pk
nations almost similar in their geographic compositions and socio-economic makeup is a
Email: [email protected]
melange of shared griefs and similar concerns, e.g. environmental vulnerability, glacial retreat,
burgeoning populations, widespread poverty, acute malnutrition, massive unemployment,
SouthAsia is published every month and poor human rights records. In this regard, much onus lies on India, the world’s largest
by Syed Jawaid Iqbal for and on behalf of
JAWZ Communications (Pvt.) Ltd.
democracy as well as the region’s most robust economy, to play an exemplary role. Instead
and printed by of being reduced to a pawn of global powers that be, it’s high time for South Asian nations
Ibn-e-Hasan Offset Printing Press, Karachi. to foster a shared sense of community and work in tandem to strengthen their prevailing
Views expressed by the contributors are
political order, ruled by democratic norms and advances in democratic institutions. Let
not necessarily shared by the editors. the South Asian region shine brightly on the global stage with all its ts
promising progressive indicators and growth-driven policy measures, s,
Published since 1977 as Thirdworld, the magazine was
re-launched in 1997 as SouthAsia.
catalysed through a smooth transition of power.

Read our digital edition at:

www.southasia.com.pk Syed Jawaid Iqbal
President & Editor in Chief

SOUTHASIA • JANUARY 2024 5

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READERS’
THOUGHTS

Harsh Reality Necessary Antibiotics

A fghanistan is our neighbor and
an Islamic country housing
over 98 percent Muslims. Pakistan
T his is with reference to the
cover story that appeared in the
December 2023 issue of SouthAsia.
has an old-long ethnic and linguistic In all countries, elections are fought
relationship with Afghanistan. After based on performance and delivery.
the establishment of the Taliban However, in Pakistan, institutions are
government, there was a strong openly criticized for no good reason, and
expectation that this relationship in the given scenario political stability
would be strengthened and a message cannot be brought even after the elections.
of friendship, cooperation, and peace Coordination is essential among the
institutions as it leads to the political
and economic stability in the country.
Unfortunately, it has become a fashion
to criticize the institutions on behalf of
some political parties, a deplorable trend that needs to be stopped.
Safdar Advocate,
Karachi, Pakistan.

and Islamic world. These oppressive bright future. In the first five months
forces are bombing Palestine day of the current financial year, external
and night. At the moment, Israel and funding of Rs. 4 billion 28 crores was
would come from the north-western received, while foreign investment
borders. Unfortunately, a new wave increased by 21 percent. According
of terrorism has raised its head once to the State Bank of Pakistan, 69.45
again in Pakistan. Mainly, the TTP, million dollars were invested in the
according to analysts, is behind the country’s private sector from July to
current wave of terrorism with the tacit November, in which 65.61 million
support of the Kabul government. Its were directly invested and 3.84
terrorists infiltrate Pakistan from their million were portfolio investments.
hideouts in Afghanistan and target The good news for the economy
civilians as well as security forces. is that foreign investment has
Regrettably, it is a harsh reality that
must be addressed immediately.
Sami Ullah Jan, America are responsible for these
Quetta, Pakistan. anti-Islamic movements, and this
matter is not hidden from anyone.
Salma Bakhtiyar,
Gaza is Burning Larkana, Sindh.

I srael and the US together are

killing the people of Palestine. The
number of martyred Palestinians Foreign Direct Investment
has increased to 11,000, and the
number of injured has risen to
30,000. It is essential to hold an
Islamic summit as soon as possible
P akistan has been suffering from
economic depression for the past
several years. Still, due to the tireless
increased, and the current account
turned surplus for the first time in
six months. I believe establishing
to counter the threats that Islam and and sincere military and political the Special Investment Facilitation
Islamic countries are facing at this leadership efforts, global investors are Council is bringing out the apparent
time. These anti-people and anti- gaining confidence in Pakistan. If the effects of foreign investment..
Islamic forces have mainly targeted data of the past few months is to go by, Dr. Rehan Murtaza,
Palestine, the brave land of the Arab Pakistan has laid the foundation for a Wazirabad, Pakistan.

6 SOUTHASIA • JANUARY 2024

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READERS’ THOUGHTS

detained 240 people at al-Awda

Rise of Poverty Hospital, including 40 medical staff
members and 80 patients. It should

P akistan has a high poverty rate,

with more than 40 percent of the
population living below the poverty
be noted that the total number of
martyrs in Gaza has increased from
19,600 and still counting. Is there
line. Unemployment is another an end in sight for Palestinians?
significant economic challenge, Saad Ahmed,
with many educated youth unable to Hyderabad, Pakistan.
find jobs. Corruption is the biggest currently stand, countries like the U.K.,
obstacle to Pakistan’s development. U.S., Italy, France, Germany, etc., are
Corruption has to be tackled to suffering from the problem of illegal Road to Recovery
overcome the challenges facing immigrants, and it is feared that Europe
the country. According to PILDAT,
during the last five years of the 15th
may soon become a refugee camp.
The number of immigrants coming to
Pakistan has become equal to the total
I t is still a challenge for the Pakistan
government to keep the import
of goods and services at a low level.
population of Ireland. Among them, As soon as they increase, the current
there are a large number of people, account will again go into deficit.
due to which Pakistan paid a heavy There has been foreign investment of
price in terms of its socio-economic two lakh dollars in the public sector.
vulnerability and security challenges. In November, the current account
Many illegal immigrants do not pay had a 90 lakh dollar surplus. The
any taxes and are in touch with terrorist current account deficit recorded a
organizations active in the region. In a significant decrease of 64 percent
word, no responsible government can and a trade deficit of 28 percent
National Assembly of Pakistan, the ignore such concerns. The Pakistan annually. Domestic exports have
average cost of one day of the National government is no exception. increased by 5 percent, while imports
Assembly was six crores 65 lakhs, Saima Ali, have decreased by 16 percent. The
and the average cost of one hour of Islamabad, Pakistan. volume of domestic exports was
the meeting was two crore 42 lakh 12.511 billion dollars, and imports’
rupees while the attendance of the
members was 61 percent. A poor Dance of Death
nation cannot afford such lavish
expenses. Around 25 crore people of
Pakistan have seen how they are being
robbed with both hands. The tragedy
U nicef says that only 10 percent of
the water children need in Gaza
is available. It also says that children
is that people are committing suicide and their families in Gaza are forced
because of inflation, unemployment, to use contaminated water and are
and other economic constraints, but likely to die due to a lack of clean
our national institutions are suffering water supply. On the other hand, the
from incompetence and indifference. spokesman of the Palestinian Ministry
Seema Arsalan, of Health has said about the situation
Lahore, Pakistan. at Al-Awda Hospital in Gaza that the importance was recorded at 21.281
Israeli forces have turned the hospital billion dollars. The current account
into a military barracks. Israeli forces surplus shows the improvement in
Return of Afghan the export of technological solutions,
government services, low-interest
Refugees payments, and non-disposal of profits
by foreign companies. To keep things

T he decision to return the illegal

Afghans from Pakistan was
made with the consent of the Kabul
going this way, the government
will have to maintain an increase in
exports and a decrease in imports.
government, but it later started Jamal Ahmed,
protesting the decision. As things Karachi, Pakistan..

SOUTHASIA • JANUARY 2024 7

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SLUG
GRAPEVINE WHO SAID THAT!

Elections At Last! “Our ultimate aim

is to build a safer,
more peaceful and
A lthough the Supreme Court’s
ruling has removed any
ambiguity concerning the holding
prosperous Pakistan –
with associated benefits
of the General Elections on February 8, the outcome of the most-awaited polls for our own people, for
in Pakistan’s political history is still anybody’s guess. Most analysts believe the region, and the wider world.”
that another hung parliament is in the offing, while a few political pundits Anwaarul Haq Kakar,
predict some out-of-the-box scenarios and manifestations prevailing after Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan
the election. Whatever the case, the road to democratic transition is always “Whether it is the aim for a
paved with formidable challenges and great difficulties. More’s the pity, the 5-trillion-dollar economy
leadership of leading political parties is busy with seat adjustments with their or 10-trillion-dollar
coalition partners and like-minded allies, and the battle for “who will be the economy, the Indian
prime minister” is literally well underway. Amidst the ongoing wheeling and government has fixed the
dealing, not a single party has yet managed to convince the electorate as to how target for the next 25 years,
it will be able to put the derailed economy back on track and what measures and we are working on it.”
they have planned to take the country out of the perpetual socio-economic Narendra Modi,
crisis. Expectedly, another merry-go-round of the same faces is about to surface Prime Minister of India
post-elections, which look to be not more than merely a constitutional burden
for the powers that be, as they will always rule the roost before and after “Bangladesh will never
polls, that too in the guise of democracy and a government by the people. look back again, and
Bangalis will advance

International Terrorist like they gained

victory through a
nine-month war in
I ndia, the world’ s largest democracy, is often viewed with rosy glasses by
international observers. However, the way the Indian security machinery, in
cahoots with their political leadership, is on a global killing spree, particularly
1971.”
Sheikh Hasina Wajid,
in the U.S. and Canada has left many New Delhi sympathizers in shock and awe. Prime Minister of Bangladesh
The dichotomy is that the Indian security “We have no military
apparatus is now killing its own people agreements with
because of their disparate political leanings China.”
and sovereignty ambitions. Though Ranil Wickremesinghe,
such Indian wickedness and complete President of Sri Lanka
disregard for human sanctity is not new
to its western neighbour, the realization “Israel’s military campaign
now has caught the First World nations includes the most
out of the blue who, by themselves, have a proven track of killing millions treacherous attacks in
and bombarding the most vulnerable people of the world by using different human history with
pretexts, such as the right to self-defense and the War on Terror. Despite its unlimited support
colossal economic size and huge political clout in the international community, from the West.”
India’s credentials as a global terrorist are becoming clear and corroborated Recep Tayyip Erdogan,
day by day, and those who have yet to acknowledge New Delhi’s old-long President of Türkiye
terrorism tactics due to diplomatic compulsions will soon discern the real side
of New Delhi and realise how arduous and difficult is to be India’s neighbour. “Break arms and legs of
BNP activists if found

2024: Year of Pakistan Cinema? campaigning.”

AKM Bahauddin Bahar,
Bangladeshi Politician
‘N othingwood,’ a euphemistic yet sarcastic term used to describe
almost a non-existent film industry of Afghanistan, now also rings
true for the current state of Pakistan cinema or the erstwhile ‘Lollywood.’
“We must trash the myth
that a woman’s life ends
The question about the survival of the film industry, let alone its revival
after having a baby.”
or the resumption of its good old days, is now being raised, and rightly
Iqra Aziz,
so. Suffering from the dearth of talent together with no state patronage,
Pakistani TV Actress
Pakistan cinema has nowhere to go. Not a happy New Year, indeed!

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NEWS BUZZ

Taliban rule ‘made girlhood illegal’: Malala

N
obel Peace Prize laureate Malala apartheid,” said Malala Yousafzai. “If
Yousafzai said that Taliban rule in you are a girl in Afghanistan, the
Afghanistan had made “girlhood Taliban have decided
cided your future
illegal”, calling for “gender apartheid” for you. You cannot
nnot attend a
to be made a crime against humanity. secondary school ol or university.
Malala was the keynote speaker at You cannot findd an open
an annual event held by the Mandela library where youou can read.
Foundation in Johannesburg, South “You see yourr mothers and
Africa, to commemorate the anti-apartheid your older sisters
rs confined
icon’s 10th death anniversary. and constrained,”
d,” the
She narrated how Afghan girls Nobel laureate said.
barred from school were “turning to She said governments
rnments
narcotics”, “experiencing depression” should not normalise
malise relations
and “attempting suicide”. with the Taliban.n. Malala
After condemning the Israeli bombardment drew a parallel between
of Gaza, she said the crises in the Middle restrictions the Taliban
East, Ukraine and Sudan had deflected the had placed on women in
international community’s attention from the Afghanistan andd the
plight of women and girls in Afghanistan. treatment of black
ack
“Our first imperative is to call the regime people under apartheid
partheid
in Afghanistan what it really is. It is gender in South Africa.

India agrees to withdraw soldiers from Maldives

I
ndia’s government has agreed following engagements on the dockyard there. A senior Indian
to withdraw its soldiers from sidelines of the COP28 climate government official in New Delhi
the Maldives, the Indian Ocean summit with Indian officials. said discussions took place between
archipelago’s President Dr. India and the Maldives on
Mohamed Muizzu said. the matter, and both sides
Muizzu won the recognised the importance
presidential election of the assistance India
in September, having provides. The Maldives
campaigned to alter the “acknowledged the
Maldives’s “India first” utility of these (Indian)
policy and promising platforms … Discussions
the removal of a small on how to keep them
Indian military presence operational are ongoing.
of some 75 personnel. “In The core group that both
the discussions we had, sides have agreed to set
the Indian government up will look at details of
has agreed to remove how to take this forward,“
Indian soldiers,” Muizzu said the official, without
told reporters. “We also commenting directly
agreed to set up a high India provides certain military on Muizzu’s remarks.
level committee to solve issues equipment to the Maldives, India’s ministry of foreign affairs
related to development projects.” assists in disaster response and did not immediately respond
Muizzu made the remarks has been helping build a naval to a request for comment.

SOUTHASIA • JANUARY 2024 9

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NEWS BUZZ

Gaza crisis ‘most dangerous ever’ for journalists

T
he first 10 weeks of the efforts in Gaza were hampered by
Gaza fighting have been widespread destruction and by
the deadliest recorded for the killing of journalists’ family
journalists, with the most journalists members, who typically serve as
killed in a single year in one sources for investigators looking
location, the US-based Committee into how the journalists died.
to Protect Journalists (CPJ) said. Reporting in Gaza has been
Most of the journalists and media severely restricted under intense
workers killed in Gaza, 61 out of Israeli bombardment, with repeated
68, were Palestinian. The report communications blackouts and
said it was “particularly concerned a lack of food, fuel, and housing,
about an apparent pattern of said CPJ, adding that foreign
targeting of journalists and their and Dec 20, CPJ data showed. journalists have not been able to
families by the Israeli military”. The group, a non-profit organisation access the strip independently.
Four Israeli and three Lebanese that promotes press freedom A May 2023 report by CPJ found
journalists, including Reuters worldwide, said it was further that Israeli soldiers had killed at least
visuals journalist Issam Abdallah, investigating the circumstances of 20 journalists in the last 22 years,
were also killed between Oct 7 all journalist deaths. It said such and none had ever been charged.

PAKISTAN’S IT
Narowal sees first N4HK room by EXPORTS RISE BY 9% IN
NOVEMBER
Nestlé Pakistan
I
n November 2023, Pakistan’s IT
exports experienced a notable 9%

N
estlé Pakistan inaugurated increase, reflecting the country’s
the Nestlé for Healthier growing influence in the global
Kids (N4HK) room in technology market. This noteworthy
Government Boys High School advancement underscores Pakistan’s
Narowal to foster and promote emergence as a key player in the
nutrition awareness. N4HK international arena and highlights
is Nestlé’s global nutritional the country’s
awareness initiative, which potential
supports teachers and caregivers to continue
on their journey to raise healthier better nourished future generation.” making
kids through a curriculum-based The N4HK program is part of substantial
education program promoting Nestlé’s commitment to United contributions
healthy nutrition, hydration, Nations Sustainable Development to the global
hygiene, and active lifestyle. Goal (SDG) 3 of Good Health and IT sector. As
Speaking on the occasion, former Well-Being, to ensure that children technology continues to reshape
federal minister and member of the understand the value of nutrition as our world, this growth in IT exports
National Assembly from Narowal, they grow older. So far, the program not only signals Pakistan’s evolving
Ahsan Iqbal, said, “We are honored has reached out to 360,000 kids, economic landscape but also reaffirms
that Nestlé Pakistan has extended trained more than 2300 teachers, the nation’s position as an important
the reach of its N4HK initiative to and developed 14 N4HK Rooms with player in the global digital economy.
Narowal. We are confident that the 11 partners from the private and Pakistan’s information technology
awareness imparted on nutrition public sectors. N4HK has a presence (IT) exports surged by 9% month-
to teachers and students alike in Punjab, the Federal Capital, on-month to $259 million in
will play a very important role in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, and November, which is also the highest
promoting healthy habits and a most recently, Gilgit Baltistan. level in the past 12 months.

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NEWS BUZZ

Export-Import Bank of
US official in New Delhi for Pakistan Launched

talks on Sikh plot C

aretaker Minister for Finance Dr
Shamshad Akhtar inaugurated the
Export-Import Bank of Pakistan

W
hite House deputy national Sikh separatist on US soil, while aimed at strengthening external trade,
security adviser Jon it announced charges against a attracting investments, and fostering
Finer led a US delegation man accused of orchestrating the broader economic growth in the country.
to New Delhi where he noted the attempted murder. US officials have “EXIM’s operationalization is a proud
formation of an investigative panel named the target of the attempted moment and a major milestone for
by India to probe an unsuccessful murder as Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, us today. It will augment the banking
plot to assassinate a Sikh separatist a Sikh separatist and dual citizen of and trade finance
on US soil. the United landscape as we
“Mr Finer States and know,” Finance
acknowledged Canada. Minister said
India’s News of while addressing
establishment the incident the inauguration
of a Committee came two ceremony of the
of Enquiry to months after Export-Import Bank
investigate Canada said of Pakistan. She
lethal plotting in the United there were “credible” allegations further said EXIM’s
States and the importance of linking Indian agents to the June operationalization is a major milestone
holding accountable anyone found murder of another Sikh separatist and it will augment the banking and
responsible,” the White House said leader, Hardeep Singh Nijjar, in a trade finance landscape in Pakistan.
in a statement. Finer met Indian Vancouver suburb, a contention She highlighted the global impact
foreign minister S. Jaishan-kar and India has rejected. US President Joe of EXIM and said these institutions
National Security Adviser Ajit Doval. Biden, National Security Adviser Jake disbursed a staggering 2.5 trillion
Last month, the US Jus¬tice Sullivan, CIA director Bill Burns and dollars in trade finance last year. She
Department alleged that an Indian Secretary of State Antony Blinken emphasized the significance of export
government official directed an have discussed this issue with their credit loans, which provide competitive-
unsuccessful plot to assassinate a Indian counterparts in recent weeks. rate financing to exporters.

‘Poetry can help caregivers in overcoming grief’

O
ncologist, researcher, that is natural,” she told the audience. She narrated the story of a youth who
and classical Urdu poetry She said she had been using Urdu died of cancer at the age of 22. He was
connoisseur Dr Azra Raza and even some English poetry on her asked to sign documents that would allow
engaged a captivated audience with patients to make them overcome this the hospice to let him pass away. He could
her talk at the National Academy not sign it when his mother was around
of Performing Arts (NAPA). but later found the courage to do so in his
The packed-to-capacity event titled father’s presence. Dr Azra wondered how
‘Sweet Poetry that Medicines All Pains’ difficult it would have been for the father
was also attended by President Dr Arif to know that his son was to die soon.
Alvi and his wife. Dr Azra opened her Only poetry could help him, she said.
talk by reciting Josh Malihabadi and then Earlier, NAPA CEO Junaid Zuberi
spoke of the spiritual pain of love and introduced her as an international
heartbreak. As an oncologist, she said she celebrity, a rock star of oncology
comes across such pain every day as she who in the past 25 years had only
sees some 40 to 50 patients every week. three times been to Pakistan. Dr
“One of the biggest challenges that I pain of knowing the pain that they face. Azra Raza was presented with a
face in my line of work is to convey the “Poetry can help the caregivers as well memento on behalf of NAPA by its
bad news without bringing the anguish as the receivers in overcoming grief.” chairman Syed Jawaid Iqbal.

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NEWS BUZZ

WAHAJ ALI TOPS

Indian court allows UK PUBLICATION’S
survey over mosque- LIST AS LEADING
PAKISTANI
temple dispute “My demand was that in Shahi Idgah
masjid there are a lot of signs and symbols
CELEBRITY
OF 2023
I
n a move that could impact the of the Hindu temple, and to know the

I
general elections in India next actual position, an advocate commissioner n a remarkable
year, the Allahabad High Court is required,” Jain told reporters. achievement,
allowed a petition demanding that He added that the high court will decide Pakistani
a court commissioner be appointed the modality about the appointment of actor Wahaj Ali has
to inspect the Shahi Idgah mosque the commissioner on December 18. been crowned as the top
in Uttar Pradesh’s Mathura. The suit was filed after the high celebrity of 2023 by a prestigious
The petitioners have demanded full court had on May 26 transferred to UK showbiz publication, securing
ownership of 13.37 acres of land around itself all the petitions pending before a the ninth position globally
the mosque, claiming that it is the Mathura court seeking various reliefs, in the coveted Top 50 Asian
birthplace of Hindu deity Krishna. including removing the mosque that Celebrities In The World list.
After the hearing, advocate is adjacent to a Krishna temple. Wahaj Ali, the only Pakistani
Vishnu Shankar Jain, representing On July 21, a Varanasi district in the top 10, outshone global
the petitioners, said the court has court had passed a similar order celebrities across industries,
rejected the arguments of the Shahi allowing a scientific survey of the including Hollywood and
Idgah mosque against the survey. Gyanvapi mosque in the city. Bollywood, for his dedicated and
exceptional performances. The
hardworking actor expressed his

Music, dance and art converge gratitude, saying, “Even though

it’s nice to be recognized, my main

on NAPA’s annual open house

focus continues to be giving my
best every time for my fans.”

S
tudents of the National performance at the academy, where will go to the other floors,” he added.
Academy of Performing Arts they tried to create new spaces for Meanwhile, at the Music Stage there
(NAPA) put their heart and students to express their creativity. was continuous singing and music
soul into the poetry, music and Expressing his views about the from 3pm till 7pm. Someone played a
theatrical performances which Terrace Poetry Corner, Senator Javed famous composition, local or foreign,
they put on during the academy’s Jabbar, who is also a member of the someone sang a song. They sang in
day-long annual open house. Board of Directors of NAPA, told Dawn Urdu, English, Punjabi and Balochi.
Of all the segments, the one deserving that he felt humbly privileged to be At the Garden Theatre Stage,
special mention would have to be part of the academy. “This is one of the there was Dastaan Goe, which was
the Terrace Poetry Corner. It was heights that NAPA is in the process enjoyed by many along with dance
quite an experience listening to the of conquering,” he said smiling. and Shakespearean sonnets. Daniel
students reciting poetry from one “We have just reached the first Gott, who is assistant professor at the
of the academy building minarets floor for now. Inshallah, over the next American University of Sharjah, was
overlooking the lawn. The people 18 years after the great legacy by Zia also there for the experience as well as
on the lawn had a clear view of the Mohyeddin, we to share Shakespearean sonnets.
performer and he of them. The At
A Bag-i-Sukoon, one could relax
expressions from above fused with and
an learn to paint with art teacher
emotions from below to create an Hina
Hi Yusuf. All over the campus one
air of originality, individuality and also
als ran into students dressed up as
artistry, not to mention innovation. interesting
in iconic characters such as
Ali Abbas Mirza, head Maula
M Jatt, PK, Maleficent, etc., who
of marketing and brand were
w all students of improvisation
communications at NAPA, said teacher
te Zarka Naz, who is herself
that this was a first of its kind a NAPA graduate of 2016.

SOUTHASIA • JANUARY 2024 13

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NEWS BUZZ

Classical dancers show ‘heart and art’ PAKISTAN USES

ARTIFICIAL RAIN
A
dance recital, more of a fusion
of Odyssey and Kathak dance TO COMBAT SMOG
at the Zia Mohyeddin Theatre

P
at National Academy of Performing akistan has recently implemented
Arts (NAPA) here saw not a single a groundbreaking approach by
seat vacant even if you happened utilizing artificial rain to counter
to be late by only 10 minutes. The the severe issue of smog that has
latecomers then occupied the stairs plagued the country. This innovative
and enjoyed the show as much technique represents a significant
as those seated comfortably. step forward in the global effort to
Both Odyssey and Kathak are address environmental challenges and
eastern classical dance styles known underscores Pakistan’s commitment
to convey stories through dance to finding sustainable solutions. By
performance typically using facial poets of Urdu.
Urdu A musical harnessing cutting-edge technology,
expressions and hand gestures. The tribute to Ustad Khursheed Hussain Pakistan aims to mitigate the harmful
two dancers started the evening and Ustad Sajid Hussain was also impact of smog on public health and
with a poem ‘Shaam’, which they presented by Ustad Khursheed’s the environment. This bold initiative
presented together. In the background son Sheroze Hussain, who also lent serves as a beacon of hope and
their shadows also danced with them vocals to the performances. An inspiration, highlighting the potential
and told the story of the evening instructor at Habib University, he for human ingenuity to combat
with them of a forest going to sleep presented a composition on raag ‘Des’ pressing environmental issues. As the
after sundown as recited in her taught to him by his late father. world grapples with the far-reaching
sweet voice by Kulsoom Aftaab. The evening came to its conclusion effects of climate change, Pakistan’s
Following joint performances with the two dancers bringing up utilization of artificial rain stands as a
by the two dancers, there were the grand finale with an enthralling testament to the power of innovation
also solo performances from them. performance to the 13th-century Sufi and determination in safeguarding
They also presented tributes to two poet Amir Khusro’s Aaj Rang Hai. our planet for future generations.

Nestlé Pakistan extends PKR 5 million

well-being and development of the
communities in which we operate.
The corporate contribution we are

to Pakistan Red Crescent Society

presenting today is a testament to
our commitment to supporting
PRCS in your noble cause,” he said,

N
estlé Pakistan adding that Nestlé Pakistan believes
extended a in the philosophy of Creating Shared
corporate Value (CSV), where we collectively
contribution worth work towards a clear, common
PKR 5 million, as goal: to be a ‘force for good.’ “
part of its philosophy ‘Nestlé Cares,’ the company’s
of Creating Shared voluntary program, provides the
Value (CSV), to opportunity to engage and assist
support Pakistan underprivileged communities
Red Crescent through direct and indirect
Society’s (PRCS) participation. Nestlé has been
efforts towards blood donation camps or partnering active in supporting and providing
social welfare and relief work. during the COVID-19 response, we humanitarian assistance to
Talking at the event, Jason have depended on PRCS’ unmatched vulnerable communities where
Avanceña, CEO of Nestlé Pakistan, presence and expertise in providing needed. Nestlé continues to
said, “Our collaboration with PRCS first-aid and emergency response. actively engage in initiatives that
over the years has taken many “We recognize that we have a promote sustainability, community
forms. Be it the organization of responsibility to contribute to the development, and social welfare.

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NEWS BUZZ

Aramco to acquire a 40% stake

in Gas & Oil Pakistan

Aramco Executive Vice President of Products & Customers, Yasser Mufti, sitting right, signs the agreement with GO Founder & CEO Khalid
Riaz, sitting left. Standing, from left: Aramco International Retail Director Nader Douhan, GO CSO Ammar Ali Talaat, GO Director Shehzad
Mubeen, GO Chairman Tariq Kirmani, Aramco Downstream President Mohammed Al Qahtani, GO Chief Operating Officer Zeeshan Tayyeb,
GO Director Bilal A. Ansari and GO Head of M&A Zain Jaffery.

A
ramco, one of the world’s advancing the Company’s strategy following Aramco’s acquisition of
leading integrated energy to strengthen its downstream the Valvoline Inc. global products
and chemicals companies, value chain internationally. business in February 2023.
today signed definitive Mohammed Y. Al
agreements to acquire Qahtani, Aramco
a 40% equity stake Downstream
in Gas & Oil Pakistan President, said: “Our
Ltd. (“GO”). second planned retail
GO, a diversified acquisition this year
downstream fuels, aligns with Aramco’s
lubricants and downstream expansion
convenience stores strategy, with a
operator, is one of clear path ahead for
the largest retail and growing an integrated
storage companies refining, marketing,
in Pakistan. The lubricants, trading and
transaction is subject chemicals portfolio
to certain customary conditions, This transaction would enable worldwide. GO has a significant
including regulatory approvals. Aramco to secure additional outlets storage capacity, high-quality
The planned acquisition is for its refined products and further assets and growth potential,
Aramco’s first entry into the provide new market opportunities which will help launch the
Pakistani fuels retail market, for Valvoline-branded lubricants, Aramco brand in Pakistan.”

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COVER STORY

A NATIONAL GOVERNMENT:
TO WIN WHICH WAR? Conditions on the ground do not indicate the established
rationale for the formation of a national government.
BY SENATOR (R) JAVED JABBAR and cease, at least for a particular day itself, conditions at polling stations
period, to “oppose” the government of will be peaceful and orderly, specially

A
s the terms “national other major parties. In short, all come where PTI candidates appear to be
government” and “coalition together. Because of a grave emergency dominant; whether the vote-counting
government” seem like in which either external or internal process will be transparent and whether
step-siblings, it is necessary threats endanger the survival of the the announcement of the tallied
to distinguish them at the outset. state, or pose an existential threat to votes will be timely and acceptable
A coalition government is economic security and continuity of the to all, winners and losers; whether
one in which different political state, while retaining their respective, the onslaught of cases filed against
parties, with their own respective strongly diverging philosophies and the PTI leaders will be intensified in
philosophies, ideologies, manifestos ideologies. Thus, during the tenure the weeks leading to 8th February;
intact nevertheless agree to form a of a national government, it is agreed whether the state’s civil and military
government together. The reason for that, in legislatures, no party with any instruments, overt and covert, will be
doing so is primarily because, in broad, consequential representation, will vote impartial; whether the Judiciary and
general terms, the different parties share against the government on any matter. the Election Commission of Pakistan
certain important basic notions. Almost Given the fact that, as of writing this (ECP) will promptly intervene to ensure
always, one of these commonalities is brief reflection, just a few weeks ahead fairness; whether the results will be
to prevent the parties not participating is the date of 8th February 2024 when ideal for a coalition government and
in the coalition to be kept out of power. general elections are due to be held, if so, whether a coalition will be an
Thus, a coalition could be as much there are numerous variable factors adequate remedy to end uncertainty
exclusionary as it is inclusionary. that prevent any certainty or credible and restore stability --- without recourse
In sharp contrast, a national prediction of the outcome of voting. For to the extreme solution of a search
government is one in which virtually instance: Whether the PTI will be fairly for a national government ? And so
all principal parties, including one permitted to nominate candidates, on. With so many unknowns, is it
or more that would be the chief whether they, in turn, will be permitted premature at this stage to consider the
“opposition” parties, to say, a coalition to campaign without impediments, prospect of a national government?
government, agree to share power seen and unseen, whether, on polling This writer’s response is: regardless

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of how the imponderable options inflation, of internal and external women’s deprivation, girl-children’s
as listed above work out pre and debt, of widespread corruption, of premature marriages, unemployability,
post-8th February, the concept of a misgovernance, of the imbalanced strains on mass transportation, crime,
national government --- when there civil-military relationship, of alienation violence, already evident all around.
is no immediate threat of war with of parts of the population, of terrorism. Another facet is sub-standard quality
another state, or a total, pulverizing Yet, at the same time, the huge of education for the vast majority
collapse of most organs of the state – is unofficial cash economy bustles and of children, accompanied by the
antithetical to the system of multi-party thrives, the superior Judiciary often open apartheid of separate streams:
parliamentary democracy. Because checks and balances Executive excess, religious madrassas, Matric system,
this form of electoral governance is despite PIA’s terrible failure four private Cambridge system, English-medium,
rooted in, and shaped by the principle airlines keep air links humming, Urdu medium, Government schools,
of adversarial conflict: those in power roads and highways are crowded private schools of both kinds --- the
must be opposed by those not in by millions of cars, trucks, buses, ones that charge very high fees, and
power, irrespective of how good or motorbikes, news and social media the bulk that charge far less but are
bad are the policies and acts of the thrive, with and without advertising also unable to pay teachers fair wages
holders of power. Partisanship is overload, et al. So conditions on the and provide reasonable quality. The
the poison of democracy. It divides ground do not indicate the established annual surveys published by AGAHI
and alienates citizens of the same, rationale for the formation of a national reveal shockingly low levels of learning
single state ostensibly on the basis of government. Indeed, there are segments in school children while even in
ideology but more intensely, purely of the institutional power structures rapidly proliferating universities, the
on the basis of loyalty to party --- and academic standards of faculty and the
to party leader! --- Notwithstanding The unacknowledged performance of students is far below
shared citizenship of a country whose war certainly deserves regional benchmarks. Additional facets
larger interests will be damaged due include the adverse impacts both of
to partisanship’s capacity to prevent
a national government: climate change driven by industrialized
cooperation for the greater good of all. with all parties, all countries and by our own mass
Even the two-party presidential institutions, all interests addiction to wasteful consumerism,
system produces bitter, destructive plastic, sloth, squalor, pollution and
partisanship. With the current impasse
focused on staying degradation of the environment.
between Democrats and Republicans united for the years and The unacknowledged war certainly
in the USA being an ugly shining decades ahead, until deserves a national government:
example. At a time when a majority with all parties, all institutions,
of Americans polled believe that
victory is achieved. all interests focused on staying
their country is going “downhill,” united for the years and decades
there is no prospect whatsoever of a that appear to prefer, or to actually ahead , until victory is achieved.
Democrat-Republican national cabinet encourage division and disarray to The subject of alternatives to multi-
or national government. An op-ed in better enable such special interests to party, partisan-based democracy
the international edition of The New continue their respective monopolies, requires separate reflection.
York Times on 15th December 2023 be they validated by votes secured, or by For the time being, optimal
is headlined: “Red (Republican) states financial resources, or by physical force, participation by citizens in the
and blue (Democrat) states are like or by control of institutional processes voting process, peaceful, orderly
different countries.” Depending on that are authorized to certify legitimacy. polling and counting to enable
which of the two parties has control of But it is also true that Pakistan is in truly free, fair elections are the
the legislatures and governorships in the thick of war, a war that virtually most potentially effective ways to
the 50 states, laws, policies and actions none of the political parties nor the sustain the parliamentary system
are being shaped and implemented military nor other official institutions we already operate in order to move
in 180 degree opposite directions. are willing to designate as a war. This closer, although slower, towards
Though, fortunately, Pakistan in actual war is a composite of several winning the real national war --- even
2023-24 does not face the likelihood grave on-going phenomena. These without a national government.
of a formally declared military war include: one of the highest rates of
with another state, and despite severe population growth in the world when The writer is a former Senator
and Federal Minister, as well
internal problems, is not in a paralyzed all other large Muslim nation-states as an author, film-maker, and
condition of total breakdown, our have significantly reduced their own policy analyst. For further details,
country does face profoundly serious rates. With the stultifying impacts on visit www.javedjabbar.net
crises. Of the official economy, of poverty, illiteracy, malnourishment,

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CROSSING
THE RUBICON
7KHLPSRVLWLRQRIDQXQHOHFWHG¶1DWLRQDO*RYHUQPHQWRI
7HFKQRFUDWV·LVOLNHO\WRGRPRUHKDUPWKDQJRRG

BY JUSTICE (R) M. SHAIQ USMANI not as gruesome as dynastic, is just as education and health facilities are at
dangerous because of the harm that it abysmally low levels. The civil services

N
ever before in the history of can do due to its beneficiary beginning to have become ineffective because of a
Pakistan, not even after the harbour a false sense of self-importance, lack of merit and corruption. In so far
unfortunate assassination of thereby leading to ego-centricism as the elite class is concerned, they have
Benazir Bhutto in December in the person concerned which can lost interest in the country. Practically
2007, has there been such uncertainty have disastrous consequences. everyone belonging to this group
on the political landscape even though Coupled with the acrimony amongst have their children being educated
the General Election date is February political parties, the country is also abroad and, after that, settling down
08, 2024, is now fixed and as per the faced with an acute economic problem abroad, helped in no small measure
declaration of the Supreme Court is resulting in runaway inflation. If Stand by the system of dual nationality,
etched in stone. There are many reasons by Arrangement made by the IMF is which our neighbouring country
for this uncertainty, but the main reason not reviewed in March/April this year, India, to its credit, does not permit.
is the emergence of unprecedented Pakistan will be faced with a grievous The economy of our country
uncanny acrimony amongst the political default situation and may end up as has primarily suffered because of
parties during the last two years. Today, a failed state. This is so particularly the state controlling all major and
with the exception of Jamaat-e-Islami, because none of the political parties have basic industries, which in time have
each political party is either dynastic any concrete plans, nor do their leaders collapsed because of bureaucratic
in nature or nationalistic in thinking have the ability to set the economy right. red-tapism, inefficiency, overstaffing,
and committed to advancing the Meanwhile, because of the economic nepotism, and corruption, and any
interests of a particular ethnic unit. meltdown, the masses are facing attempt by any government to
There is also a recent development prospects of abject poverty where a privatize these are resisted by the
of a new phenomenon of cult of common man finds it difficult to feed politicians because it leads to laying
personality hitherto unheard of in his family three times a day, let alone off their supporters, who are employed
Pakistan. Even Jinnah never espoused look after the other needs of the family, there purely for political reasons.
it, but Imran Khan of PTI seems to such as paying bills for electricity As regards the standing of Pakistan
wallop in it through the dexterous use and the education of his children. It in the world, it is presently at the
of social media by his followers. The cult would seem that the state has totally lowest level because of the aggressive
following claimed by Imran Khan of abandoned its people. The average fundamentalist posture that we have
PTI is a recent evolution, which, though income of people has fallen, and cultivated, as well as our overreaction

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to perceived incidents of blasphemy. rag-tag, political parties continue to criticized by the world at large. It will
Besides Pakistan’s usual supporter, the remain tight family concerns. None of have an adverse impact on the already
USA, for many decades, has lost interest them are conscious of the challenges struggling economy, which is almost
in the country after they decided to that are faced by the country, and their entirely dependent on foreign loans.
abandon Afghanistan. Investment aim to get into power is purely with a Nevertheless, the fact remains
in our country by foreigners, even view to perpetuating their dynasties. that we have no option but to hold
from Muslim countries, is now at the Those who do not have a dynasty to elections as scheduled, giving all parties,
lowest ebb because if anyone wants perpetuate, driven by a false sense of including the PTI, the opportunity
to do business in the sub-continent, self-importance, use social media to to contest the polls. Consequently, if
one would rather do it in India than develop their cult of personality to there is any political engineering being
Pakistan because of the liberal attitudes boost their already inflated egos. contemplated by the powers that be to
that prevail there and the better Given this scenario, the General curtail discord amongst the coalition
security situation that they have. Election on 8th February, if these do partners, which is bound to result in a
But by far, our greatest drawback digression from the path of concrete and
is our hostility towards India and Finally, the breed of effective reforms, it should be resorted
refusal to trade with them. Antagonist to only after elections and not before
postures can be maintained in the politicians who have and that too somewhat differently. This
field of diplomacy, but trade between can be done by cajoling or coercing
antagonistic countries can still be
hitherto governed us, and even intimidating the members
continued to the mutual advantage barring a few, have of the new Parliament to declare a
of both countries. Continuing trade moratorium and work to gather and
between India and China in spite of nothing to their credit. evolve a political National Government
three wars that they have fought is consisting of elected members of the
an example. Similarly, there is no Parliament as democracies all over the
logic in curbing tourism between take place, will be a suspect, and all world do in times of crisis as British
India and Pakistan when there is great parties, due to their hubris against did at the start of Second World War
cultural similarity between the people other parties, will cry foul. This will by selecting Winston Churchill to lead
of the two countries. Need it be said, only lead to more uncertainties and turf Britain through the War successfully.
this on its own could have brought wars amongst the politicians and the The imposition of an unelected
great dividends economically. rise of parochialism in the provinces. National Government of Technocrats
The state machinery is no longer In any case, no party is likely to gain forcibly, as is often suggested, is likely
effective. Complete lawlessness prevails an absolute majority, resulting in a to do more harm than good because
in every sphere of activity. The police coalition government coming into then the unscrupulous politicians
are thoroughly corrupt, and there is a office consisting of disparate groups would continue to indulge in intrigues
general sense of insecurity amongst with their selfish agendas, which will behind the scenes to ensure the failure
the people. The judicial system is result in more chaos, to the detriment of such a government. If a National
moribund and more involved in sorting of any major reforms in the economic Government of the kind suggested is put
out problems of politicians arising and social sector, which are absolutely together with the induction of Advisors,
from their turf war than giving Justice essential at the present juncture. consisting of experts in their respective
to people and deciding commercial There is no doubt that earlier in fields and someone who commands
disputes quickly. As a result, foreign our history, we have been faced with authority and has the support of the
investors are hesitant to do business similar situations, though perhaps Establishment, perhaps a capable
in Pakistan. As a result, our state, not as grievous. However, we always retired General or a Retired member of
despite its great human and natural had the powers that be waiting in superior judiciary, after making him a
resources, is slowly suffocating. the wings to march in to stabilize Member of Senate, is found to lead such
Finally, the breed of politicians who the situation and give some respite. a government. It governs for at least two
have hitherto governed us, barring a However, due to the sudden increase years. Perhaps we may cross the Rubicon
few, have nothing to their credit. On in terrorism and the global ascendency without any harm coming to the
the other hand, those who are waiting of India and its acceptance by the country, or else there will be a deluge.
in the wings to govern us have a world, the Establishment’s clout has
murky past where they have misused considerably dissipated to the extent The writer is a former judge of
the Sindh High Court. He has
government resources to their benefit, that one cannot now expect a forceful been actively involved in human
are laden with ill-gotten wealth, and intervention by it in the political sphere. and women’s rights causes.
have distributed jobs and services to In any case, even if the Establishment
their friends and relatives. Besides the does intervene, such an act will be

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COVER STORY

ILLEGITIMATE
GOVERNMENT
$QDWLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWULGLQJXSRQWKHEDFNRIWKH(VWDEOLVKPHQW·V
VWUHQJWKZRXOGEHDIDUFU\IURPSHRSOH·VZLVKHVIRULWKDVQHYHUEHHQ
able and willing to, nor will it carry out the essential reforms in all, but
especially the governance and economic sectors.
BY NIKHAT SATTAR

T
he date for national League-Nawaz (PML-N) has been decide to join the government or
elections in Pakistan all but awarded the coveted prize whether it would sit on opposition
has been announced of PM; it would be given majority benches is still uncertain. The fate
as February 08, 2024, in mostly the Punjab, and the PPP of the newly carved-out parties
more than 90 days after the date would be given a face-saver in Sindh comprising the “converted” PTI
when they should have been held, despite the alliance between the members remains doubtful.
according to the What is
Constitution. absolutely certain
But, then, the is that the PTI
Constitution has would either be
been disregarded disqualified or be
and held in allowed to win
contempt so a few votes only
many times by in Punjab and
state institutions KPK. The Times
that it hardly magazine, in its
matters now. September issue,
The question notes that “But the
in most people’s question remains
minds is whether whether any ballot
the powers that be can be free and fair
are confident that with Pakistan’s
they would be able most popular
to stage-manage party routed
the election results and its leader
by the date given wallowing in a
or whether, given fetid nine-by-11-foot
the continuously high popularity ever-opportunistic MQM, PML-N jail cell. Election results are
of the PTI and the lack of trust in and GDA and the JUI along with rarely universally accepted at
other parties, some other means the allied PML-N would have a the best of times in Pakistan,
are to be adopted? It is almost larger number of seats in KPK and and accusations of bias could
given that the Pakistan Muslim Balochistan. Whether the PPP would sow further disruption….,” says

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Michael Kugelman, the director upon the back of Establishment’s

of the South Asia Institute strength, would be a far cry from
at the Wilson Centre think- people’s wishes, for it has never
tank. “Because if it’s not rigged, been able and willing to, nor
there’s a very good chance will it carry out the essential
that the PTI could still win.” reforms in all, but especially the
Thus, none of the above results governance and economic sectors.
would be the consequence of a Inflation is unlikely to go down,
free and fair election process in and the manufacturing industry
which the visible neutrality of will continue to suffer as more
both the ECP and the caretaker and more public money is used
government would boost voter in roads and motorways, the
confidence. On the contrary, the hallmark of the Sharif family. Our
latter is almost handpicked by boat has been on choppy waters
the powers that be, and most of throughout our existence, but
its members are supporting the especially so over recent years. The
PML-N, while the former has actions of the PDM and then those
been demonstrating a strong bias of the caretakers have only further
against the PTI from the very cemented the stronghold of the
beginning. The public, other than state institution, and civilian rule
the few cartels in industry, are has already been subjugated to
either demoralized to the extent them. The “national” government
of complete disinterest in the will not have any teeth to weaken
elections or are so disgruntled this hold, beholden to it for
that they would rather destroy having been brought to power.
their votes than vote for the Democracy and all that goes
favourites. This means that voter with it, including the upholding
turnout is likely to be small; many of civilian rights, freedom of
voters would be brought from expression, and an intelligent,
rural areas with the promises of educated, and informed
cash and kind (a ploy the PPP has population, are not going to
almost mastered in rural Sindh); happen. Not in the near future.
staff at polling stations would be What if the PML-N fails to get
provided instructions by a pre- the minimum votes necessary for
briefed ECP and vote counting it to form a government at the
would be likely non-transparent. centre? A hung parliament will
With an alliance between the ensue, and considerable time may
PDM parties, probably minus be taken up to win over minority
the PPP, the formation of a parties and independents. This
(falsely carved out) national is also familiar to Pakistani
government would be possible politics as the necessary wheeling
but difficult. This would, of and dealings are well-known
course, include the MQM, forever skills of leaders of almost all
ready to change sides to whoever (except the PTI) parties.
is in power and other regional A bleak future awaits us, and
parties. The opposition would a silver lining is elusive.
be a whimpering collection of
assorted parties, including those The writer is a development
professional, researcher,
of Jehangir Tareen, and possibly translator and columnist
a very watered-down PTI, if at all, with an interest in religion
unless it comes up with strong and socio-political issues.
She can be reached at
independent candidates. Such [email protected]
a national government, riding

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REGION

DIFFICULT TIMES
KARACHI

The Pakistani public is bearing the brunt of an economic crisis,

with tax hikes and electricity cost increases.
BY DR. AADIL NAKHODA the conversations have now changed economy may have evaporated for
towards highlighting the recovery now, but the real challenge now is

A
nalyzing the economic in the economic conditions. The to keep them away for the long run.
conditions in Pakistan Pakistan Stock Exchange seems The Business Confidence Index,
has always been daunting to be roaring ahead (at the time of published by the State Bank of
due to the volatility in the writing of this article) as the Pakistan in collaboration with the
the economic indicators. There KSE-100 index breaks into new Institute of Business Administration,
was resounding fear a few months record territory, while the Business Karachi, reports on the confidence
ago that the country was at the Confidence Index, as reported by the of businesses in the country every
doorstep of a potential default, and State Bank of Pakistan, is gradually month. It surveys firms across the
the policymakers were preparing recovering and closing into the business sector, including both the
for a doomsday scenario. Critical positive zone. It had plummeted industry and the services sector.
indicators were in the red, flashing into the negative zone earlier in the Business confidence had plummeted
a sign of impending danger. As the year as the business community’s to its lowest levels since the start of
IMF negotiations succeeded and confidence had clearly taken a the COVID-19 pandemic, recovering
the inflows of crucial dollars began hit due to the lack of economic slightly in the middle of the year
dampening the adverse impact of certainty in the economy. The as the IMF program was reinstated.
the mounting economic challenges, ominous clouds that hang over the However, it decreased again in

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September 2023 and recovered in enabling importers to tap into more of imports into Pakistan. Fuel
October 2023, highlighting the efficient production networks. imports are a significant component
volatility in the economic outlook These relationships collapse when of total imports into Pakistan, and
perceived by the business sector. It importers face restrictions and the government heavily regulates
is currently expected the pricing of several
to hover close to the mineral commodities.
positive zone. The Approximately 1/3rd of
economic conditions imports into Pakistan
will improve with are petroleum goods.
political certainty The imports of mineral
in the post-general fuels increased from
election period. $10 billion in 2020 to
However, one $25 billion in 2022. The
important measure that total imports were $45
needs to be considered billion in 2020 and $71
is the recovery in billion in 2022. This
international trading import surge was one
activities, as imports of the reasons for the
decrease, but export large trade deficit, a
growth remains contributing factor to
limited. the balance of payment
Although it is crisis. The government
imperative that exports increase to As the government regulates its prices by setting a
generate the inflow of much-needed specific price fortnightly.
foreign exchange reserves, it is also contemplates Until lately, when the IMF required
essential that businesses are allowed the government to raise its prices
to meet their demand for imports to import restrictions and impose taxes and levies, the
produce more efficiently. Exports consumption of petroleum products
increased less than 2 percent year- to alleviate the was heavily subsidized mainly to
on-year in the first five months of fulfill political objectives. This has
FY24, while imports declined by
balance of payment resulted in imports and dependency
more than 17 percent in the same crisis, it is essential on cheap fuel, resulting in large trade
period. This follows the decline in deficits. Again, if the government
imports of more than 30 percent in to understand the had not intervened in distorting the
FY23. The reduction in imports may price levels, it could have averted
have helped alleviate the balance-of- pattern of imports the trade deficit-driven balance
payment crisis but has reduced the of payment crisis and reduced the
country’s economic activity level. into Pakistan. inefficiencies due to poor pricing in
Importers are crucial in providing the energy sector.
consumers of finished consumer The Pakistani public is bearing the
goods or unfinished, raw materials limitations on their international brunt of an economic crisis, with tax
and intermediate goods with a more trading activities. In the long run, hikes and electricity cost increases.
efficient mix of products priced the relationships between Pakistani The policymakers must now start
effectively and adjusted for the importers and their foreign sellers to address the financial concerns to
quality of the products. For instance, will likely be replaced, so it may rekindle economic activities as we
importers are likely to source the become impossible to reestablish enter the dawn of a new political era
products from the cheapest sellers such linkages. Hence, import in the country.
and ensure the best quality at the restrictions may have a longer-term
given price. impact in creating distortions that The writer is an Assistant
Professor of Economics
Choosing different sellers without are not as evident today. and Research Fellow at
market friction will allow producers As the government contemplates CBER, Institute of Business
to operate more productively. import restrictions to alleviate Administration (IBA),
Karachi. He can be reached at
This sourcing can involve years of the balance of payment crisis, it is [email protected]
established trading relationships, essential to understand the pattern

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RE
REGION
GIION
ON

DESPERATE
ISLAMABAD

MEASURES
Unless the powers that be exercise due care and build some safety
features into the system, full horror could be back on us again.
BY S. R. H. HASHMI Corporation (PIAC) was established that some of these institutions, like
and operated with the slogan ‘Great PIA, which was once the pride of the

A
t inception, we had People to Fly With”, justifying every nation, became a national curse, and
inherited a country that word. Moreover, our professionals big subsidy guzzlers—just heard about
had formed the agricultural even helped establish the banking and the arrangements for the divestment of
basket of the undivided aviation industry in the Middle Eastern PIA, which is good news in its present
India. As such, we did not have much countries. Sugar, edible oil, and cloth context.
industry here, so we had to start from mills were also set up, and Pakistan And to add to our misfortunes, we
scratch. However, since civil servants Steel Mills was established with had the Sharif and Bhutto dynasties
then were British-trained, capable, and Russian collaboration. We managed to firmly entrenched in the country, apart
people of integrity, they did establish establish a reasonable industrial base from other opportunists installed in
the necessary institutions like the in a relatively short time. smaller provinces. I remember, at one
Pakistan Industrial Development However, with the fading out of time, every one of the 65 Balochistan
Corporation (PIDC), Pakistan the British-trained civil servants, provincial Assembly members was
Industrial Credit and Investment corruption and nepotism established either a minister or other office holder,
Corporation (PICIC), Water and Power firm roots in the country. Things enjoying perks.
Development Authority (WAPDA) of started worsening, especially in the With elections due on February 8,
which the first two helped establish case of government-owned entities, Sharif and Zardari dynasties are vying
industrial base by providing finance, where favorites of various politicians for top positions. Some offshoots of the
technical guidance, even supervision were installed to make money for Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and smaller
that enabled private investors to themselves and their benefactors. parties also want their share in the pie.
develop various industrial units. Moreover, these establishments The PML-N’s main achievement
The banking sector was also started employed their choices far in excess is to rid the country of electric load-
then and made rapid progress; the and completely disregarded personnel shedding and militancy. As for
same was true for civil aviation. requirements regarding quality and curtailing load-shedding, the PML-N
Pakistan International Airlines quantity. Of course, the result was government brought some relief but at

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an exorbitant cost. It signed contracts revenue, thus forcing it to borrow even With general elections seemingly
for installed capacity far over the to pay recurring expenditure, which is around the corner, I shudder to think
current requirements. Also, despite the an untenable situation. that the veterans could be back soon,
plentiful scope for cheap, clean energy On another note, should we say that accompanied by their offspring,
from solar, wind, and hydel sources, the liberal acquittal of the elder Sharif with each wishing to become a
the plants set up were primarily based in many cases and the approaching multi-billionaire in their own right.
on fossil fuels. Perhaps one reason for election date have raised the country’s Having made their billions/additional
this would have been that with the political activity level? However, billions, they could fly off to their cozy
rest of the world discarding them, such it remains confined to the political nests abroad to live there ever after,
plants would have been available at leaders and their hired crowds. As leaving the country and the nation
throw-away prices, thus providing a for the masses, they are in a state of burdened with more loans. Worse
wide margin for padding up costs. And, despair, with not much to look forward still, these ladies and gentlemen, who
of course, rising fuel prices and falling to. During the last many decades, they seem to be baying for each other’s
rupee values raised energy production have miserably suffered the misrule blood now, could join hands and
costs substantially. Also, payment on a of the major parties, with the two make constitutional amendments to
take-or-pay basis increased energy costs suit them, with all of us looking on
substantially, more so in times of low Surprisingly, the only helplessly?
energy demand, which substantially Surprisingly, the only decent
inflated capacity payments. And the decent performer in performer in recent decades has been
‘requirement for payment in foreign recent decades has the caretaker cabinet, which, under the
exchange,’ with dwindling rupee value, guidance of the Special Investments
further raised the costs. All this made been the caretaker Facilitation Council (SIFC) and the
the energy contracts ‘supplier-friendly’ cabinet, which, under armed forces, has managed to bail
instead of Pakistan-friendly. the country out. Unfortunately, it has
As for ending militancy, this the guidance of the to pass the baton to a duly elected
was done by the military, with government. Unless the powers that be
the additional help of civilian law
Special Investments exercise due care and build some safety
enforcers, while the government Facilitation Council features into the system, full horror
failed to do its part of the deal. PML-N could be back on us again.
also gave the country motorways, but (SIFC) and the armed Some people consider fair elections
unfortunately, per-mile costs are much forces, has managed to to be a cure-all prescription. But even
higher than other countries in the assuming that our people were capable
region. bail the country out. of making informed choices, they
As for the Pakistan Peoples’ could choose only from the lot on offer,
Party, it rightly takes credit for and if that happens to be a rotten one,
starting the nuclear programme. alternating at the federal level and in like it often is, what good would a fair
However, claiming credit for the some provinces. election do?
18th Amendment is somewhat The masses have also suffered them Instead of pretending to be what
unwarranted. Provinces benefited jointly through the PDM government. we and our leaders are not, we better
by clinching excessive power and Even in times of extreme foreign devise a tailor-made system to suit
financial resources from the federation exchange shortage, the financial our peculiar situation. Also, since
but failed to devolve these further to juggler managed to squeeze out $45 some recent acquittals are believed
the grassroots level, which would have million for PM’s Laptop Scheme, which not to be merit-based but caused by
helped the masses. Also, the devolution would have been a money-spinner lax investigation and prosecution,
was done somewhat recklessly, and with laptops on offer with up to 90% etc., a bit of pruning won’t go amiss.
with provinces lacking the capacity to discount. We also suffered an amateur Remember, desperate times call for
handle some functions efficiently, it politician who did his fair share of desperate measures.
lowered standards. messing up but who is being unfairly
Moreover, the overpriced energy and blamed for our present predicament. The writer is a freelance
contributor with interest in
motorway projects, as well as loans The truth is that through their regional, South Asian and
used to meet budget deficits, have rampant corruption and nepotism, international affairs. He can be
raised our loans to such levels that the veterans had already brought the reached at
[email protected]
payment of loan interest eats up nearly country to the brink, and he just gave
the whole of the federal share in the the final push.

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BACK WITH
LAHORE

A BANG
When a convicted criminal returns to the country and is not arrested,
this unprecedented attitude questions the integrity of the court of law.

BY DR. FARAH NAZ with a bang, he is in Pakistan now Avenfield apartments in London
and granted a protected bail by a after the Supreme Court removed

F
ormer Pakistani prime federal court. Today, he is promising him from power.
minister Nawaz Sharif is the nation’s economic prosperity Upon return, the Islamabad
Pakistan’s longest-serving that it has been struggling with a High Court acquitted Sharif in the
prime minister, having financial crisis. The general elections Al-Azizia Steel Mill corruption
served nine years across three are slated for February this year. case. What is surprising for the
tenures. He was first expelled But it is of utmost significance to general public is that a lower court
from office in 1993 on suspicion of understand that a veteran leader like is suspending the judgment of
corruption. He won an election in Nawaz Sharif can contest elections. If the Supreme Court of Pakistan.
1997, only to be ousted and exiled yes, what is the status of the Supreme He has already been acquitted in
after a military coup in 1999. He Court’s decision that declares him an the Avenfield case, in which he
returned to Pakistan in 2007 and absconder? was convicted in July 2018 and
took power once more in 2013 until A Pakistani anti-corruption court sentenced to 10 years by Pakistan’s
his ousting in 2017 on the charges jailed former Prime Minister Sharif. highest court. Looks like this was
of corruption and was convicted by He was sentenced to seven years in to remove a significant legal hurdle
the Supreme Court of Pakistan. jail and imposed a heavy fine by an on his way to lead his party in the
Once again, he left the country anti-corruption court in December forthcoming elections. He also got
in 2019 for medical treatment 2018 after he failed to convince the relief in the Flagship corruption case
while serving a prison sentence court that he had nothing to do with in which the court declared him
for corruption but then defied the the steel mill set up by his father innocent in 2018. Still, the acquittal
authorities and never came back. in 2001 in Saudi Arabia. Sharif was was challenged in the IHC by the
From 2019 to 2023, he remained in also sentenced in July to 10 years in National Accountability Bureau
self-exile in London. In October 2023, prison by the same court on charges (NAB). A division bench comprising
he returned to the country. Back related to purchasing upscale IHC Chief Justice Aamer Farooq and

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Justice Miangul Hassan Aurangzeb million population for whom he

heard the appeal against conviction received unprecedented exemption?
by the anti-corruption court in If yes, maybe that is the core reason
2018 in a case filed by the NAB, the behind the judicial and state softness
national accountability watchdog. towards the PML-N leader. But if
The above are unprecedented acts not, then there must be some other
in Pakistan’s legal system where a reason behind absolute institutional
lower court nullifies the superior silence.
court’s judgment. In the forthcoming elections, let’s
He was to be arrested upon arrival reflect on his popularity, particularly
and taken to the jail to complete his the prospects of his party, the
remaining sentence. But this never Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz
happened, leading to contempt (PML-N). The Gallup survey public
of court. If we look at the basic pulse reveals PML-N chief Nawaz
definition of contempt of court, Sharif is ranked second with 36%
“contempt” is votes. At the
the disobedience same time, his
of an order of The question arch-political
a court. The rival holds 61%
Contempt of comes to mind: of the votes.
Court in Pakistan Can 36% beat
refers to actions
Is this a standard 61% popularity
involving
defiance or
practice for the among the
masses? If
lack of respect
towards a court
court? Will the we look at
his election
of law and
its officials,
courts act the campaign, this
time, his political
demonstrated same way with the rallies are limited
through to a few cities
behaviors that 250 million people alone. That is not
challenge or a good sign. His
undermine the of Pakistan? party prospects in
court’s authority, the forthcoming
fairness, and election are
decorum. But why is based on 36% public
the current government keeping its popularity. Can a government
eyes closed? And what is the status formed with this popularity bring
of the Supreme Court here? When peace and stability to the country?
a convicted criminal returns to the The simple answer is NO. There is
country and is not arrested, this only one best practice that can bring
unprecedented attitude questions the peace and stability to the country,
integrity of the court of law. and that practice is free, fair, and
But here, the question comes to transparent elections! Let’s hope
mind: Is this a standard practice this practice is followed in letter and
for the court? Will the courts act spirit.
the same way with the 250 million
people of Pakistan? If there is an The writer is associated with
the National University of
exception for former prime minister Sciences and Technology,
Sharif, what are the grounds for that Islamabad as an Assistant
exception? Or is it a part of his return Professor at Department
of Government and Public
deal? Policy. She can be reached at
Can we claim that Sharif is a [email protected]
very popular leader among the 250

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BLOC
ISLAMABAD

POLITICS
3DNLVWDQZLOOKDYHWRRYHUFRPHVHYHUHGLIÀFXOWLHV
and hurdles to achieve full BRICS membership.
BY AMBASSADOR NAGHMANA A. HASHMI

S
ince its inception, the BRICS, tensions between the US and China down a future framework to achieve
a group of five emerging on the one hand and Russia and global development goals.
national economies of the West on the other, the last two The last BRICS Summit achieved
Brazil, Russia, India, China, BRICS summits have provided China an across-the-board consensus on
and South Africa, has emerged as an opportunity to promote its vision several issues, but particularly two
a multilateral platform, fostering of the international order. This has major agenda points stand out:
cooperation based on a new also enabled China to use BRICS as a) positive movement of member
paradigm away from the US-led a diplomatic platform during the states towards the use of national
liberal world order. This was evident revival of NATO and increased US currencies in trade and financial
as the BRICS states repeatedly activities in Asia-Pacific. transactions among group members
refused to condemn the Russian The strong commitment of BRICS and with other nations of the ‘Global
invasion of Ukraine. With their members to a comprehensive South’; and b) agreement on the
increasingly expansion of
assertive and the group into a
risk-fearing broader platform
posture, China by inviting new
and Russia member states
are stridently into BRICS. The
leading the BRICS invited six
organization as more countries
a counterweight to join, taking
to the Western the total number
institutions. of its members
The BRICS’ stance on international reform of the United Nations from five to eleven: Argentina,
issues, including the Iran nuclear demonstrates the concerns regarding Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran (IRI), Saudi
deal, instability in Afghanistan, the governance structures of the UN, Arabia (KSA), and the UAE.
and the denuclearization of the which are viewed as representing Membership of these six countries
Korean Peninsula, shows that the interests of the Western powers will take effect on January 01,
the organization is pursuing an and the concerns of the wider world, 2024. The BRICS expansion process
increasing role in international particularly the Global South, are establishes the growing interests
politics. The member nations grossly ignored. In short, a coalition of other countries in building
seek to modify their roles in the of five dissimilar countries has partnerships with BRICS, including
contemporary global order. In an come a long way and has steered Pakistan, which formally applied
era of intensifying bloc politics, this partnership successfully, for BRICS membership in November
geo-strategic and geo-economic flux, demonstrating modest yet positive 2023.
and the heightened competition and results, and has succeeded in laying After the inclusion of new

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members, BRICS no longer remains and political benefits to Pakistan the BRICS organization. Pakistan
BRICS and has transformed into and present great opportunities. If will get access to mobilized funds
BRICS Plus. This expansion brings we get the all-clear from BRICS to and resources allocated by the
with it both opportunities and join the forum as a full member, New Development Bank (NDB) for
challenges for the group. On the one it would benefit Pakistan’s short different sustainable development
hand, the inclusion of new members and long-term interests and help in projects that Pakistan critically
will add to its geo-political, geo- realizing its much-desired pivot to needs. Also, by becoming a member
strategic, geo-economic clout, and geo-economics, keeping in mind its of the NDB, Pakistan will have
material strength. On the other geo-strategic interests. By joining alternatives to the Western-created
hand, challenges will surface in the BRICS, Pakistan could expand its and dominated creditors like the
group, with additional voices from diplomatic influence, open up International Monetary Fund (IMF)
other regions bringing their unique lucrative trade and investment and the World Bank. This will
perceptions to the table. This will opportunities, and access vast lift off substantial pressure from
pose problems, especially for the natural resources like oil and Pakistan’s policy and decision-
consensus-based decision-making gas. Especially after adding new making, which it has also faced for a
within BRICS, due to diverging members, BRICS members will long time.
interests of different members. cover half of the world’s oil and gas However, Pakistan will have to
China, which has a mixed economy, overcome severe difficulties and
Russia with an unprecedentedly hurdles to achieve full membership
Western-sanctioned economy, Geopolitical interests, of BRICS. These include India’s
combined with India’s increasing opposition to Pakistan’s inclusion,
bonhomie with the West and the
of course, remain political and economic pressure
United States in particular and its WKHPRVWLQÁXHQWLDO that Pakistan might face from its
enhanced desire to continue trading Western partners and the fragile
in the US dollar are some of the factor of all. economic situation, internal
reasons why the idea of a common political instability, and the rising
BRICS currency is unable to gain However, economic scourge of terrorism. As a key
any meaningful traction so far. BRICS member, India will use these
Undoubtedly, BRICS is a highly cooperation is issues against Pakistan to damage
vibrant and interesting group its case. Besides India, there are
with different factors influencing one of the main also chances that other countries
its decision-making. Geopolitical might give in to the pressure from
interests, of course, remain the most
driving forces and external forces antagonistic towards
influential factor of all. However, uniting elements Pakistan and block Pakistan’s
economic cooperation is one of the entry into BRICS. It is, therefore,
main driving forces and uniting behind the BRICS. imperative for Pakistan to devote
elements behind the BRICS. Trade serious attention to ameliorating
among themselves is impressive; the political and economic
they encourage investment among resources. situation and controlling the rising
member states and desire to lower With climate change now a terrorism re-emerging in Khyber
trade barriers to improve economic reality and Pakistan being one Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. If
integration. Similarly, on the of the top ten countries most the situation on these three counts
political front, BRICS members hold adversely affected, food security is does not improve, then irrespective
annual summits to discuss various of existential importance. BRICS of how strong the case for Pakistan
political issues, including regional countries contribute almost half membership is, it will be exploited
disputes, international security, and to global food production, with 4 by our detractors.
global governance. of its members being the world’s
Due to its growing political, top food producers, including The writer served as
Ambassador of Pakistan
economic, and diplomatic potential, China, India, Brazil, and Russia. to China, European Union,
it was logical for Pakistan to apply Hence, Pakistan, a country facing Belgium, Luxembourg
to join a dynamic organization acute food and energy shortages, and Ireland, from 1993 to
2020. She can be reached at
like BRICS. Acquiring BRICS full will significantly benefit from [email protected]
membership will undoubtedly having access to massive energy
accrue great political and financial and food markets by being a part of

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TEESRI BAAR
NEW DELHI

MODI SARKAR?
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has come a long way
from being a young party organization secretary in Gujarat to
the most powerful politician in contemporary India.

BY ATIF SHAMIM SYED Three of the five seats from North party’s dismal performance in the
Indian Hindi-speaking states of state elections has raised doubts

R
ecently concluded legislative Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and about Rahul Gandhi’s leadership of
elections in five Indian states Chhattisgarh went straight to the BJP. the Congress and its pivotal position
were the last polls before The Indian National Congress (INC) within the grand INDIA alliance.
this year’s forthcoming won a single seat in the southern state However, despite this grave setback,
general elections. Political observers of Telangana, while the northeastern all is not lost for the grand old party.
in India and abroad were watching state of Mizoram polled for a new Congress did manage to get around
these polls with acute interest to political party, Zoram Peoples’ Front 40% votes in the three states where
gauge the incumbent BJP’s level of (ZPF). it lost to the BJP. This could be a
popularity among the electorate. These results illustrate Narendra glimmer of hope for the opposition. It
Modi’s enduring popularity among can present itself as an alternative to
the wider Indian electorate and his the BJP that has dominated the Indian
solid prospects of winning the next political landscape for over a decade.
election unchallenged. Modi has come As per the Election Commission of
a long way from being a young party India, there are six national political
organization secretary in Gujarat in parties in the country: the Indian
the late 80s to the most powerful National Congress, Bharatiya Janata
politician in contemporary India. Party, Aam Aadmi Party, Bahujan
The state elections have also Samaj Party, Communist Party of
proved to be a litmus test for India (Marxist), and the National
Rahul Gandhi, who controls People’s Party (NPP). Of these six
Nehru’s Congress party. Gandhi’s parties, the Indian National Congress
anti-Modi platform failed to and Bharatiya Janata Party are the
deter people from voting most popular, with wide-ranging pan-
for the incumbent BJP. The India appeal. A few extreme regional
political parties exist in different
parts of the country. However,
their domains are localized, and
their impact on the national level is
minimal.
Congress, a fundamentally secular
party, spearheaded the independence
movement in India. Its grassroots
following transcends deep religious
and sectarian divisions prevailing
in Indian society. The BJP,

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on the other hand, is a right-wing Narendra Modi finally did away with crafted stratagem for influencing
party with strong leanings towards Article 370, rescinding Kashmir’s these young voters. Before the 2019
Hindutva, a political ideology based special status. elections, an Indian film titled PM
upon the cultural justification of These are resounding victories for Narendra Modi was released. It was
Hindu nationalism and the belief in the BJP and a message to its right-wing a biopic of Modi, which served as a
establishing Hindu hegemony. On a followers that the party always keeps promotional propaganda film for the
broader scale, the forthcoming Lok its promise. incumbent prime minister. Another
Sabha elections will be mainly centred This is not all. Under Modi’s film titled ‘The Tashkent Files’ was
on these two opposing ideologies leadership, the BJP has implemented released around the same time. The
when more than a billion people cast numerous welfare schemes like film alleged that the Congress party
their votes in what is termed the most cheap gas cylinders, free rations, cash engineered the death of India’s second
significant democratic exercise in the transfers, etc. These policies have prime minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri.
world. benefited the vast majority of people ‘The Kashmir Files,’ ‘The Kerala
Opinion polls suggest that more and remain extremely popular among Story,’ and the forthcoming ‘72
than 50% of adult Indians support the electorate. Congress has also Hoorain’ are all films that tow BJP’s
Narendra Modi and his government, implemented public welfare schemes right-wing line. The Indian film
while only 14% hold a favourable industry has a profound, long-lasting
view of Rahul Gandhi. Most influence on the Indian masses.
respondents stated that Gandhi’s Through these films and many others,
Bharat Jodo Yatra was a rebranding Indian cinema is manufacturing a
exercise that failed to leave a lasting historically incorrect narrative for
impact on voters. Astonishingly, more the young voter. After watching these
than 70% of respondents indicated propaganda films, a young Indian
they were satisfied with how the may not believe it entirely, but it
BJP had led the government during will amend his opinion, eventually
the past ten years. A significant turning into a favourable vote.
percentage of respondents termed This is a wake-up call for the
Narendra Modi entered mainstream politics in 1987
the building of Ram Mandir and the with the Bharatiya Janata Party. Within a year, he
Indian National Congress. Most of
revocation of Article 370 as Modi’s was made the General Secretary of the Gujarat unit. its leaders are still out of touch with
most significant achievements. The the ground reality. Rahul, Priyanka,
poll results were compiled after on the state level, but their impact and Sonia Gandhi are the only three
interviewing 35,000 adult voters from is minimal and does not seem to recognizable faces from the entire
all Lok Sabha constituencies. translate into favourable votes. Congress hierarchy. Even its current
Modi’s overwhelming approval Then, there is Modi’s personal president, Mallikarjun Kharge, is a
rating can be attributed – at least in appeal. While Rahul Gandhi is person of modest standing. During
part - to the effective promotion of regarded as an elite blue-eyed boy, the past decade, the Grand Old Party
Hindu nationalism. Established in Narendra Modi is widely seen as has been pushed to the fringes of the
1980, the BJP only came to the fore a man of the masses who clawed Indian political landscape. To reverse
in the 90s when the movement for his way to the top from his father’s its fortune, Congress must bring
building Ram Mandir in place of Babri humble tea stall at Vadnagar railway young blood to the fore, revisit its
Mosque was gaining momentum. The station. The 73-year-old leader election strategy, and form alliances
construction of a Hindu temple in has been repeatedly accused of with regional parties.
Ayodhya was enshrined in the original inciting violence against Muslims The Congress party has a rich
manifesto of the BJP. Around thirty and providing immunity to Hindu political history. Rahul Gandhi must
years later, Narendra Modi performed extremists. BJP vehemently denies identify its enormous political capital
the ground-breaking ceremony of Ram these allegations and maintains that and convince voters he can save India
Mandir in August 2020. The temple it does not make any discrimination from becoming a majoritarian Hindu
will be opened in January. based on religion, race, or caste. state – a feat Narendra
Likewise, the BJP’s manifesto also Despite these allegations, Modi’s Modi wants to achieve
promised to repeal Article 370 of the popularity has continued to rise over eventually.
Indian constitution, giving Jammu the past decade.
and Kashmir special status. Despite Every five years, millions of The writer is a freelancer and
an investment banker based in
being a temporary provision, no party first-time voters enter the electoral Karachi. He can be reached at
dared touch it for decades. In 2019, process. The BJP has a very cleverly [email protected]

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POLITICS OF
BANARAS

REPRESENTATION
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BY MUHAMMAD ARSLAN QADEER social media outreach, and door- of a cohesive strategy among the
to-door campaigns played a crucial opposition forces gave the BJP an

T
he recent victories of India’s role in engaging voters across urban advantage. The party effectively
ruling Hindu nationalist and rural landscapes. The BJP’s capitalized on the disarray within the
party, Bharatiya Janata success can be attributed, in part, opposition ranks, presenting itself as
Party (BJP), in three crucial to its emphasis on governance and a stable and decisive alternative. The
states, regarded to be the country’s development. Voters, particularly in recent victories position the BJP as a
heartland: Chhattisgarh (54/90), the three states under scrutiny, may formidable force in the lead-up to the
Rajasthan (115/199), Madhya have been swayed by the party’s track general elections.
Pradesh (164/230) have significant record of implementing policies and The party’s strengthened position
implications, setting the stage for the initiatives aimed at economic growth, may influence the national political
forthcoming general elections. In a infrastructure development, and discourse, potentially shaping policy
stunning display of political prowess, social welfare. directions and ideological contours.
the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has The narrative of progress and However, it also raises questions
clinched victories in three pivotal tangible improvements in people’s about the health of India’s democratic
states, ushering in a new chapter lives was a compelling factor in the ecosystem, emphasizing the need for
of speculation and anticipation electoral calculus. Communication a robust and competitive opposition
as the nation braces itself for the played a pivotal role in shaping to ensure a balanced and accountable
forthcoming general elections. This public opinion. The BJP skilfully political landscape.
resounding success prompts an communicated its vision, policies, The political landscape in India,
exploration into the multifaceted and achievements, resonating with though, has witnessed significant
reasons behind the BJP’s triumph a diverse electorate. The ability shifts in recent years, with the
and its potential implications to convey a clear and persuasive Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) under
for India’s political future. message, coupled with the effective the leadership of Prime Minister
One of the key factors contributing use of mass media and social Narendra Modi securing electoral
to the BJP’s recent victories lies in platforms, allowed the party to victories. While these victories have
its adept and strategic campaigning. connect with voters at a grassroots brought about various policy changes
The party effectively utilized level, fostering a sense of trust and and economic reforms, concerns
a combination of grassroots confidence. have been raised regarding the
mobilization, charismatic leadership, The internal dynamics of the impact on minority communities,
and a well-crafted narrative to opposition parties also played a role particularly in the context of rising
resonate with diverse voter segments. in the BJP’s success. Fragmentation, Hindu nationalism. While economic
The meticulous planning of rallies, leadership conflicts, and a lack development and governance reforms

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have been key focuses of the Modi equitable political participation of political representation under
government, addressing the concerns for minorities, particularly the Modi sarkar, is a complex issue that
of minority communities is equally Muslim community. Historically, requires a multifaceted approach.
imperative. minorities have faced challenges in While challenges persist, there
Striking a balance between securing political positions, leading is room for optimism through
nationalism and inclusivity is crucial to a sense of marginalization and targeted initiatives addressing the
for fostering a harmonious society underrepresentation. root causes of underrepresentation.
where the rights and security of To bridge the existing gap, it is Fostering a more inclusive political
all citizens are upheld. As India imperative to encourage dialogue environment is a moral imperative
navigates its political landscape, between the government and and a practical necessity for a thriving
it is essential to prioritize unity in minority communities. This and harmonious democracy like
diversity and work towards building involves creating platforms for open India. The fabric of social harmony
a nation where every citizen feels discussions, addressing concerns, has been strained in certain regions,
secure and valued, regardless of their and collaboratively developing with reports of communal tensions
religious or ethnic background. The strategies to enhance political and violence. It is essential to address
victory in key states bolsters Modi’s representation. Engaging with civil these issues to ensure the peaceful
chances in the forthcoming general society organizations and promoting coexistence of diverse communities.
elections. inter-community understanding can As India approaches the general
India, known for its rich cultural elections, the BJP’s triumph in key
tapestry, has faced ongoing challenges states sets the stage for a closely
concerning the representation of Striking a balance watched political landscape. The
minorities, particularly Muslims, between nationalism impact on minorities and relations
under the leadership of Prime with neighbouring countries will
Minister Narendra Modi. The and inclusivity is be crucial to monitor in the coming
political landscape has been a focal crucial for fostering a months.
point for discussions on inclusivity, Enhancing political participation
with concerns raised about the harmonious society and representation is crucial for a
underrepresentation of minorities in where the rights more inclusive and representative
crucial decision-making processes. governance. Proponents argue that
One of the primary concerns and security of all a diverse political landscape better
is the underrepresentation of citizens are upheld. reflects the pluralistic nature of
minorities in political spheres. Indian society. Initiatives such
Despite making up a significant as increased access to education,
portion of the population, Muslims also contribute to a more inclusive targeted outreach programmes,
continue to be underrepresented political environment. and affirmative action measures
in elected offices. Critics argue The representation of minorities in have been suggested to address the
that this underrepresentation has political spheres remains a concern. root causes of underrepresentation.
consequences for policymaking, as Enhancing political participation The recent triumphs of the BJP
diverse perspectives are crucial for a and representation can contribute to in three crucial states underscore
comprehensive understanding of the a more inclusive and representative a combination of strategic
nation’s needs. governance. campaigning, governance focus,
Instances of religious intolerance Several factors contribute to the effective communication, and
have accompanied the surge in challenges minorities face in actively opposition dynamics. As India
Hindu nationalism. Minorities, participating in politics. Socio- navigates the path toward the
including Muslims and Christians, economic disparities, educational forthcoming Lok Sabha elections,
have reported increased incidents of gaps, and historical prejudices can the implications of these victories
discrimination and violence, fuelling act as barriers, limiting the political on the country’s political future
fears of religious polarization. aspirations and opportunities remain complex and
The issue of minority available to minority communities. significant.
representation is not new in India, Addressing these underlying issues
but it has gained prominence is essential for fostering a more The writer is a historian and
a critical analyst. He can be
in recent years. The Modi inclusive political environment. reached at
government has been critiqued The plight of Indian minorities, [email protected]
for its alleged failure to ensure particularly Muslims, in terms

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STATELESS SIKH
CHANDIGARH

The struggle of the Sikh community for political autonomy

and the resistance from the Indian government is deeply
rooted in historical injustices, complex socio-political
dynamics, and a fear of internal discord.
BY SALIS MALIK call for Sikh self-determination has the then prime ministership of Indira
sparked tensions that reverberate not Gandhi, ordered a military operation

I
n the vast tapestry of India’s only within India but also globally. to flush out armed militants from
socio-political landscape, the The Sikh community’s grievances the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The
Sikh community stands as a against India can be traced back to operation, however, resulted in a tragic
distinct thread with a history historical incidents that have fuelled loss of civilian lives and extensive
woven in rich traditions and complex a sense of alienation. One significant damage to the holy Sikh shrine,
grievances. Rooted in a struggle for episode is Operation Blue Star in 1984, leaving scars that still run deep.
identity and political autonomy, the where the Indian government, under Following the assassination of Indira

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Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards in global stage, the Modi government Any indication of internal strife or
the aftermath of Operation Blue Star, perceives calls for political autonomy perceived suppression of minority
anti-Sikh riots erupted in 1984, leading as a direct challenge to national unity. rights could undermine India’s
to widespread violence against the The fear of territorial disintegration standing on the international stage.
Sikh community. The failure of the and the potential influence of these Consequently, the Modi government
government to prevent or adequately voices on India’s international image adopts a defensive stance against calls
address these atrocities intensified fuel the government’s defensive stance for Sikh self-determination, fearing the
feelings of persecution among Sikhs against Sikh self-determination. The potential fallout in its relationships
and laid the groundwork for a growing case of the alleged plot on U.S. soil with influential nations.
demand for political sovereignty. highlights the lengths to which the Trudeau’s public accusation and
The roots of the calls for Sikh Indian government may go to suppress the subsequent global attention
self-determination lie in a desire to dissent, even risking strained relations underscore the gravity of these
safeguard the distinct Sikh identity with powerful nations like the U.S. and tensions. Beyond the immediate
and ensure the protection of their Canada. geopolitical implications, the context
religious institutions. The Anandpur In the wake of recent revelations of escalating state-sponsored minority
Sahib Resolution, a political document by the U.S. Department of Justice persecution in Modi’s India cannot
put forth by the Akali Dal in 1973, exposing an alleged plot to assassinate be ignored. Genocide Watch’s alert,
outlined the demands for indicating India’s organization
regional autonomy, economic stage of genocide, points to a
rights, and protection of larger pattern of human rights
Sikh culture. While the concerns.
resolution did not explicitly In conclusion, the struggle
call for secession, it laid the of the Sikh community for
groundwork for a vision of political autonomy and the
self-governance within the resistance from the Indian
framework of the Indian government is deeply rooted
constitution. in historical injustices,
Despite the historical complex socio-political
context, the current dynamics, and a fear of
Indian government, led by internal discord. The global
Prime Minister Narendra impact of this ongoing conflict
Modi, perceives calls for Sikh self- a Sikh activist on American soil and underscores the delicate balance
determination as a direct challenge to Canadian Prime Minister Justin between asserting a unique identity
the unity and integrity of the nation. Trudeau’s accusations against the and navigating the intricate web of
The fear of territorial disintegration Government of India in the murder of international relations.
and the potential precedence it might Sikh Canadian leader Hardeep Singh As the narrative unfolds, the
set for other ethno-religious groups Nijjar, the international spotlight world watches closely, observing the
within India fuels the government’s intensifies on the complex web of interplay of power, identity, and the
resistance to such demands. tensions between the Sikh community pursuit of self-determination within
Modi’s government, ever wary and the Indian government. the intricate mosaic of India. To
of internal dissent, views any hint While media coverage has fully grasp the dynamics at play, it is
of separatism as a threat to its predominantly cantered on essential to broaden the narrative and
authoritative grip on power. The India’s perceived descent into analyse the roots of Sikh grievances,
global diaspora of Sikhs, particularly authoritarianism and the alleged state- the historical backdrop shaping their
in influential countries like the sponsored persecution of minorities calls for political sovereignty, and the
U.S. and Canada, amplifies the under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Modi government’s response in the
reach and impact of their calls for there remains a crucial omission in context of its own perceived threats to
political sovereignty. For Modi’s the discourse — an examination of national unity.
administration, these international the underlying context shaping these
voices raise concerns about tarnishing conflicts. The complexity of the issue is Salis Malik is a freelance
journalist and columnist based in
India’s image on the global stage further compounded by the geopolitics Islamabad. He can be reached on
and potentially straining diplomatic at play. India, as a rising economic Facebook @salismalik7777
relations. As the Sikh diaspora and strategic power, seeks to maintain
becomes increasingly vocal on the strong ties with major global players.

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‘INDIA OUT’
MALÉ

The impact of urging the withdrawal of Indian troops from the

Maldives extends beyond military matters.
BY TANIA ARSLAN QADEER aligns with the desires of those Maldives relations. Beyond military
within the Maldives who seek collaboration, these nations

I
n recent diplomatic discourse, autonomy in determining their share a history of economic aid,
a spotlight has turned towards nation’s course. This emphasizes the disaster relief, and mutual support.
the relationship between importance of democratic principles However, the presence of Indian
India and the Maldives, in shaping diplomatic decisions, troops has become a point of
cantering on the removal of Indian underlining a commitment to contention for some Maldivians,
troops, thus raising questions allowing the citizens of the Maldives who perceive it as a potential
about the potential consequences to express their will. infringement on their sovereignty.
for diplomatic ties with India. The Maldives, like any sovereign The impact of urging the
In his recent interview with nation, values its independence. The withdrawal of Indian troops extends
SouthAsia Magazine, Dr. Mohamed call for the withdrawal of Indian beyond military matters. Diplomatic
Muizzu, President of the Maldives, troops reflects a desire among relations are multifaceted,
said India would respect the some Maldivians to exercise their encompassing economic ties,
democratic tourism, and
decision of the regional influence.
Maldivian people A shift in military
concerning the dynamics
presence of Indian could lead to a
troops. However, recalibration of
examining this these aspects,
situation requires influencing
a nuanced security as
exploration, subtly well as broader
favouring the socio-economic
democratic will dynamics.
of the Maldivian Dr. Muizzu’s
population. statement
The question of indirectly lends
whether urging support to the
the withdrawal of sentiment of those
Indian troops will in the Maldives
strain diplomatic ties hangs in the autonomy and shape their destiny advocating for the withdrawal of
balance, sparking a complex debate without the presence of foreign Indian troops. By emphasizing
that involves considerations of military forces. While India’s the importance of respecting
sovereignty, democratic principles, military cooperation has historically the democratic decision of the
and historical alliances. contributed to regional stability, Maldivian people, he suggests that
President Dr. Muizzu’s recent evolving sentiments within the any resolution should align with
statement adds a layer of complexity Maldives present a diplomatic the wishes of the citizens. This
to the ongoing dialogue. By challenge that requires careful reflects a global trend where nations
affirming that India would respect navigation. prioritize self-determination and
the democratic decision of the It’s essential to consider the national autonomy.
Maldivian people, he implicitly historical context of India- Diplomacy, often compared to

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a delicate dance, requires careful of neutrality. He firmly stated the opposition, view this stance as
steps to navigate the intricacies that the Maldives would not tilt a strategic move to garner support
of international relations. The towards any specific country and in recent elections. While this
challenge lies in finding a balanced affirmed his commitment, as perspective adds another layer to
resolution that acknowledges the well as the collective belief of the the discourse, it underscores the
aspirations of the Maldivian people Maldivian people, to a Maldives- complexity of diplomatic decisions
while preserving the positive aspects First policy. This declaration and the various factors that
of the India-Maldives relationship. signifies a deliberate departure from influence political landscapes.
In his recent interview with past allegiances. It underscores a In this evolving narrative, the
SouthAsia Magazine, the President newfound dedication to prioritizing actual test lies in finding common
of the Maldives, Dr. Mohamed the interests and sovereignty of the ground that respects the democratic
Muizzu openly admitted that, in Maldives above aligning with any will of the Maldivian people while
the past, there existed an India- particular global power, reflecting acknowledging the
first policy guiding the Maldives. an independent foreign policy broader regional
However, when questioned about approach. context.
the possibility of a subtle shift It’s essential, however, to
towards China in his government’s acknowledge the diversity of The author is an education
professional and can be
approach, President Muizzu opinions within the Maldives. reached at
resolutely emphasized a stance Some individuals, particularly in [email protected]

Soldier of Fortune
KATHMANDU

The toll of Nepalese youth killed in the ongoing Russia-

Ukraine war serves as a sobering reminder of the harsh reality
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BY SAJAD JATOI

I
n early December, police
in Nepal acted against a
gang accused of extorting
substantial amounts of money
from Nepalese youth. Over ten
individuals were detained for illegally
charging citizens up to $9000,
promising them passage to Russia
on travel visas. Once convinced and
smuggled out of the Himalayan
nation into Russia, the victims
were compelled to join the Russian deep concerns, saying, “The Nepal a company of mercenaries based in
army, leaving their fate uncertain. government is not being able to do Russia.
This revelation raises a serious anything.” Historically, Nepal has been a
question mark on the performance Unemployed Nepali youth, source of skilled fighters for foreign
of the Nepali government, which desperate to find jobs, fall prey to armies. The Nepali soldiers, known
appears to be struggling with these predators. Lured by exorbitant as Gurkhas, had been part of the
the protection and security of its salaries and permanent Russian British Army in India since the 1800s
citizens. Commenting on this matter, citizenship, they find themselves and continued their service even
retired Nepali army official Major enlisted in the Russian army, notably after India gained independence.
General Binoj Basnat expressed his within the infamous Wagner Group, At present, they are serving in

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Indian and British militaries under Gurkhas, are celebrated for their opportunity to settle, though at the
a tripartite agreement between the bravery and prowess in warfare. risk of paying a huge price.
nations. Gurkhas have served in various The arrests made by Nepalese
However, the tiny Himalayan foreign armies, showcasing their police targeting those involved in
nation has no such agreement with dedication and skills on the global illegal recruitment and extortion
Russia. The Nepalese youth are not stage. These unique qualities make activities are a significant step
obligated to join the Russian army. them highly sought-after recruits towards curbing the illicit trade. The
But in practice, many Nepali citizens in military forces worldwide. For move demonstrates the government’s
have joined the Russian military and example, they have fought several commitment to protecting its citizens
are fighting on the frontline in the wars for India and the British and from falling victim to unscrupulous
Russia-Ukraine War. have come out victorious. individuals preying on the aspirations
In addition to serving in the Indian As to the question of why Nepali of Nepalese youth.
and British armies, an undisclosed soldiers fall prey to such predators, Interestingly, the arrested
number of Nepali citizens are the simple answer is money. Nepal individuals tarnished Nepal’s image
reported to serve in the Russian is one of the poorest nations in the and shed light on the desperation
military, particularly within the of some Nepalese youth seeking
Wagner Group. They are estimated 1HSDO·VIRUHLJQ opportunities abroad. The lure of
to be around 150 individuals. This employment or better prospects
mercenary company offers lucrative
ministry has urged can sometimes lead individuals to
incentives, providing recruits with Russia to refrain from fall victim to illegal and dangerous
approximately 204,000 Russian rubles, pathways, as seen in this smuggling
equivalent to 2,700 euros. Notably, in
recruiting its citizens, operation.
May 2023, Russian President Vladimir emphasizing the need Though the allure of financial
Putin issued a decree offering Russian incentives and the promise of
citizenship to foreign nationals
to protect its nationals citizenship in a foreign land
committing to a year of service in the from being entangled may entice some, the risks and
Russian military. consequences are stark. The toll
The issue came to the limelight
LQIRUHLJQFRQÁLFWV of lives lost in the Russia-Ukraine
only after a report of six Nepalese war serves as a sobering reminder
citizens losing their lives in the of the harsh reality faced by those
ongoing Russia-Ukraine War. world, with about 40 per cent living involved in conflicts far from home.
Following this development, the below the poverty line. Under these The demand for compensation and
Nepali government has taken a firm circumstances, Nepali citizens find repatriation reflects not only the grief
stance, demanding compensation great opportunities to serve foreign of families who have lost loved ones
from Russia for the lives lost and militaries. For example, India pays but also the nation’s commitment to
advocating for the repatriation of Nepalese 2.5 times more than what safeguarding its citizens.
Nepali soldiers caught in the crossfire. they get in Nepal. Additionally, they As Nepal navigates the complexities
Nepal’s foreign ministry has bring economic and social security of international relations and
urged Russia to refrain from and a chance to settle in India. grapples with the aftermath of its
recruiting its citizens, emphasizing Presently, the Nepali government citizens being ensnared in foreign
the need to protect its nationals and Indian authorities are at odds military engagements, a broader
from being entangled in foreign on the question of Nepali recruits as dialogue is warranted. This includes
conflicts. The call for repatriation India has introduced the Agnipath addressing the root causes that lead
and compensation underscores the scheme for the Indian Armed Forces, individuals to seek opportunities
gravity of the situation, highlighting according to which one-fourth of abroad and the measures needed
the human cost of such involvement. the batch of recruits would retire to prevent the exploitation of their
This latest development has raised every four years and would not be aspirations.
questions about why Nepali citizens eligible for any pension. The Nepali
are in high demand. Why do world government demands that Nepali The writer is a freelance
contributor and can be reached
superpowers want them in their citizens should be an exception to this at [email protected]
military ranks? And what is the scheme. So, because of this deadlock
motive behind Nepali citizens joining between the two nations, Gurkhas are
foreign armies? turning towards Russia, where they
Nepalese soldiers, renowned as may get a handsome salary and an

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LEVEL
DHAKA
A

PLAYING FIELD?
The January 7th election in Bangladesh holds immense
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standing and economic trajectory.
BY ALI HASSAN BANGWAR also for Dhaka’s economic prospects fearing potential manipulation
and international standing. of ballot outcomes. The BNP had

A
s Bangladesh stands Traditionally, neutral caretaker previously boycotted the 2014
on the precipice of a governments oversaw general elections due to similar concerns,
potentially defining elections every five years. However, and the government faced serious
election, the specter of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, allegations of election rigging in
boycotts and repression leading the Awami League since 2018.
hangs heavy in the air. The major 2009, eliminated this requirement in What is behind this political
opposition party, Bangladesh 2011 through the 15th Amendment, chaos? Following the dispersal of the
Nationalist Party’s (BNP’s) decision which excluded ‘Chapter IIA Non- opposition Bangladesh Nationalist
to boycott elections, coupled with Party Care-Taker Government’ from Party’s (BNP) grand rally by law
the recent crackdowns, has thrown the Constitution. The Bangladesh enforcement agencies on October
the country into a state of political Nationalist Party (BNP), led by 28, the country has plunged into
turmoil, raising serious concerns Khaleda Zia, the former prime escalating violence. However,
about the future of democracy minister from 1991 to 1996 and the condition began to worsen
and stability. The consequences 2001 to 2006, serves as the primary after the election commission
of a controversial election could opposition, expressing skepticism declared January 7, 2024, as the
be far-reaching, not only for the about the government’s capacity poll date on November 15. The
domestic political landscape but to conduct impartial elections and opposition has consistently been

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demanding a neutral caretaker Furthermore, despite the Awami trade agreements and aid programs.
setup for overseeing the elections League Party, led by Sheikh Hasina, This could isolate Bangladesh and
and a level playing field. Moreover, asserting its commitment to impede access to crucial resources
they have also been calling for the competitive and transparent polls, and foreign investment, already
resignation of Shaikh Hasina, the the BNP, as the biggest opposition evident in the decline of foreign
incumbent Prime Minister. For party, has decided against taking direct investment and diminished
that purpose, the opposition has part in the electoral process. business confidence. The ongoing
resorted to nationwide protests, In this tense political climate political turmoil has begun affecting
whose violence has left over a and amid opposition concerns, Bangladesh’s economic prospects,
dozen dead and hundreds injured, the forthcoming elections are with the potential for job losses
including journalists. and capital flight.
Though the ruling A flawed election
government blames could exacerbate
the opposition existing challenges,
for the violence plunging the nation
and subsequent into poverty and
losses, the UN High instability. The
Commissioner ruling government,
for Human Rights however, is confident
has reported that of sailing through
the ruling party the political turmoil
sponsored violent and ensuring a level
assaults on the playing field for all
protesters. and sundry.
The leading In this uncertain
opposition party, environment,
the Bangladesh dialogue and
Nationalist compromise are
Party (BNP), has crucial for all
announced a boycott stakeholders in
of the election, Bangladesh. The
citing extensive ruling Awami
irregularities in voter League must address
lists and an absence of a fair playing anticipated to yield contentious opposition concerns and ensure
field. This decision has disrupted outcomes. a fair electoral process, while the
the electoral landscape, raising The January 7th election in BNP should express its dissent
worries about the credibility and Bangladesh holds immense peacefully and within legal
inclusiveness of the impending significance. Its success or failure bounds. International partners can
results. will not only impact domestic contribute by urging meaningful
Badiul Alam Majumdar, the politics but will also influence the dialogue, upholding democratic
founder of Citizens for Good nation’s international standing and principles, and assisting in ensuring
Governance, a pro-democracy group economic trajectory. The outcome the integrity of the electoral process.
based in Dhaka, asserted to VOA remains uncertain, and Bangladesh’s Bangladesh stands at a crossroads,
that it is now “undeniable” that key international partners, such as and the coming weeks will
Bangladesh is headed for a one- the United States and the European determine whether it can navigate
sided, “engineered” parliamentary Union, express deep concerns over political turbulence and emerge
election on January 7. He pointed the deteriorating political situation. stronger or succumb to division and
to the government’s actions, Many experts, analysts, and discord.
such as appointing a partisan political pundits assert that a
election commission, politicizing charged political environment and The writer is a freelance
journalist. He can be reached
bureaucracy, and law enforcement contested electoral outcomes could at [email protected]
agencies, and exerting control over trigger diplomatic and economic
other institutions, as evidence of repercussions, potentially leading
this engineered process. Western nations to rethink their

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REFUGEES IN
COLOMBO

THEIR OWN LAND

The consistent demonization of the Muslim community in
Sri Lanka is leading to severe consequences.
BY DANIYAL TALAT
2019, targeting churches and hotels, grounds for venomous hate speech,

S
ri Lanka, a country rich killed over 250 people and wounded further dividing communities. The
in cultural variety, has hundreds more. The vast majority Muslim community was wrongly
been battling major ethnic of those killed were Christians who vilified, prompting Sinhalese
fault lines. The majority were attending Easter services. hardliners to demand a boycott of
Sinhalese Buddhist This horrible act of terrorism Muslim-owned companies.
population, which accounts for stunned the country and set off The demonization of the Muslim
more than 70% of the country’s a chain of events that aggravated community in Sri Lanka has
22 million inhabitants, has a already-existing ethnic tensions. The serious consequences. As a result
complicated relationship with the Muslim community in Sri Lanka of the boycott, Muslim-owned
minority populations, especially witnessed a surge of intolerance in businesses suffered financial losses,
Muslims, who account for less than the aftermath of the attacks. Reports and the community as a whole
10%. The Easter Sunday bombs arose weeks after the assaults of felt ostracized and vulnerable. The
rocked Sri Lanka to its core, causing Sinhalese mobs vandalizing Muslim spike in hate speech has stoked
tensions and divisions to rise. The houses and mosques. Social media fear and also hampered the chances
coordinated attacks on April 21, platforms have become breeding for inter-community discourse,

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which is critical for promoting country’s future trajectory. Despite includes social, economic,
understanding and unity. The Sri the divided aftermath, there are educational, and political aspects. It
Lankan administration faced a encouraging signs of forgiveness is crucial to highlight that these are
difficult challenge in handling this and harmony. Successful broad concepts, and the particular
dangerous scenario. Authorities conservation projects across diverse path will be determined by the
responded by sending security ethnic and religious communities specific actions done by various
officers to defend sensitive sites have the potential to create a more stakeholders in Sri Lanka. The
and establishing procedures to peaceful society by eliminating situation is fluid and susceptible
monitor and limit hate speech on animosities and building mutual to change due to political, social,
social media. However, the problem understanding. Interfaith and economic events. Addressing
remained, and it became clear collaboration and joint cultural the core causes of tensions and
that a more thorough strategy was endeavours may lead to a shared encouraging inclusion will be
required to address the underlying sense of identity that transcends critical to creating a more positive
roots of the conflict. religious borders. future for Sri Lanka’s Muslim
There were also examples of minority. As Sri Lanka navigates
communities banding together There were also the brutal aftermath of the Easter
to bridge gaps in the face of Sunday attacks, the country is at
disaster. Civil society groups,
examples of a crossroads where concentrated
religious leaders, and activists communities banding efforts may influence its destiny.
worked relentlessly to foster together to bridge The wounds caused by the
communication and understanding 2019 events may be healed
between the Sinhala and Muslim gaps in the face of by long-term programmes
populations. Interfaith programs disaster. Civil society centred on reconciliation,
aiming at building a feeling of interfaith understanding, and
togetherness in Sri Lanka’s diversity groups, religious economic development. Positive
gained traction, highlighting leaders, and activists accomplishments in encouraging
the nation’s shared history and diversity, education, and legal
common aims. Recognizing the
worked relentlessly to safeguards demonstrate a shared
role of education in moulding foster communication commitment to togetherness.
perspectives, attempts were and understanding However, obstacles remain, and
undertaken to implement curricular the path to a more peaceful Sri
modifications that encourage between the Sinhala and Lanka necessitates a continual
inclusion and diversity. Schools Muslim populations. commitment to tackling core
were transformed into venues issues, promoting discussion, and
for promoting understanding empowering people. Individuals,
and tolerance to break the cycle Addressing economic gaps and communities, and leaders who
of prejudice that had developed enacting educational changes to emphasize diversity and work
in the aftermath of the Easter encourage inclusion might help to together toward a future where
Sunday attacks. While there have build a more egalitarian foundation differences are celebrated, and all
been some encouraging efforts for the varied population. Legal people may coexist peacefully hold
toward reconciliation, obstacles safeguards against discrimination the key to a resilient and cohesive
remain. Healing the scars left by and hate speech, together with society. Sri Lanka’s tenacity in the
the events of 2019 will need long- international backing and civil face of tragedy gives optimism that,
term efforts from all segments of society engagement, have the with ongoing efforts, the country
society. Addressing the economic potential to strengthen efforts will emerge more robust, united,
imbalances that the Muslim toward a more secure and and ready for a future marked by
minority faces, encouraging tolerant society. Political leaders’ unity and shared wealth.
interfaith discussion, and enacting commitment to prioritizing
regulations that safeguard religious unity, diversity, and community The writer has done
his Masters in Defence
minorities are all critical steps participation will be critical in and Strategic Studies.
toward a more united Sri Lanka. crafting a bright future. He can be reached at
The aftermath of the Easter Ultimately, Sri Lanka’s post- [email protected]
Sunday bombings in Sri Lanka in bombing future trajectory depends
2019 raised concerns about the on a multifaceted strategy that

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INTERNATIONAL

PROSPECTS AND
POSSIBILITIES
The solution to the Israel-Palestine dispute requires sustained negotiations,
compromises, and a commitment to peace from all the concerned parties involved.
BY DR. RAJKUMAR SINGH
Balfour Declaration by the British Palestinian Displacement and
government supported establishing a Refugees: The 1948 war and subsequent

T
he root causes of the “national home for the Jewish people” conflicts, including the 1967 Six-
Israel-Palestine dispute in Palestine, which was predominantly day War, led to the displacement of
are multifaceted and are Arab. This declaration is seen by many hundreds of thousands of Palestinians,
deeply rooted in a mélange as a pivotal moment that heightened creating a significant and ongoing
of historical, political, religious, tensions. refugee problem. Many Palestinians
and social factors. Understanding Mass Jewish Immigration: The rise were either forced from their homes or
these causes requires delving into of anti-Semitism and the Holocaust fled, and their right to return remains a
a complex interplay of events and in Europe led to a significant increase contentious issue.
perspectives, as listed below: in Jewish immigration to Palestine. Occupation and Settlements: After
Historical Claims and Nationalism: This influx was opposed by the Arab the 1967 war, Israel occupied the West
The conflict has its roots in the late 19th population, leading to tensions and Bank and Gaza Strip territories that
and early 20th centuries with the rise violence. Palestinians claim for a future state.
of both Arab and Jewish nationalism. Partition and the Creation of Israel: Israeli settlements in these areas are
Jews, facing persecution in Europe, In 1947, the United Nations proposed seen by Palestinians and much of the
started the Zionist movement, aiming a partition plan to create separate international community as illegal
to establish a national homeland in Jewish and Arab states. The plan was and an obstacle to peace. The conflict
Palestine. At the same time, Arab accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected is exacerbated by internal divisions
nationalism grew in the region, which by the Arab side. In 1948, Israel declared within both Israeli and Palestinian
was then part of the Ottoman Empire. independence, leading to the Arab- societies, with hardline and extremist
British Mandate and Balfour Israeli War. The war resulted in Israel’s factions often undermining efforts for
Declaration: After World War I, the victory and the displacement of a large peace.
League of Nations granted Britain number of Palestinians, known as the International Involvement
the mandate over Palestine. The 1917 Nakba or “catastrophe” in Arabic. and Geopolitics: The conflict has

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INTERNATIONAL

attracted extensive international Attempts at Resolution Peace all inhabitants have equal rights. The
involvement, with various countries Talks: Various peace talks have been proposal desires a binational state
and organizations supporting conducted, with some progress but no with equal rights for all to a single
different sides, often reflecting broader definitive solution. nation dominated by either Jewish or
geopolitical interests. Changing Regional Dynamics: New Palestinian interests.
Core Issues and Other Factors diplomatic alignments in the Middle Confederation Model: It suggests
While keeping in view the whole East, like the Abraham Accords, are Israel and Palestine could form a
issue from the beginning, the core changing the regional context. confederation of two independent
issues may be considered through a In conclusion, the Israeli-Palestinian states with strong cooperation
broad prism of interrelated issues, as conflict, even today, remains one of in certain areas like security,
shown in the following: the most challenging and intractable economy, and infrastructure. It has
Territorial Borders: Determining conflicts in the world, deeply rooted advantages and challenges that could
the borders of Israel and a potential in historical, national, and religious address issues of sovereignty while
Palestinian state. Jerusalem: A city with narratives and compounded by maintaining close cooperation, but it
significant religious and historical geopolitical interests and regional certainly requires high levels of trust
importance, claimed as a capital by dynamics. Any lasting resolution and cooperation, which are currently
both sides. Palestinian Refugees: lacking.
The right of return for Palestinians Economic Integration and
displaced in 1948 and 1967 and their Living Conditions of Development Proposal: At large, it
descendants. Palestinians in the West focuses on improving the Palestinian
Israeli Settlements: Israeli Bank and Gaza Strip often economy through investments,
communities built on occupied development projects, and easing
Palestinian territory, considered illegal live under challenging movement and trade restrictions. The
under international law but disputed conditions, with step could create a better environment
by Israel. restrictions on movement, for peace negotiations by improving
Security: Concerns of Israel regarding living standards and fostering
its safety and concerns of Palestinians economic hardships, and cooperation.
regarding military occupation. SHULRGLFPLOLWDU\FRQÁLFWV Regional Approaches: This involves
The Human Aspect Casualties and neighbouring Arab states in the peace
Violence: Sustained violence has process, as seen in the Arab Peace
resulted in numerous casualties on requires addressing the fundamental Initiative. It could provide broader
both sides. concerns and aspirations of both support and incentives for peace,
Living Conditions: Palestinians in Israelis and Palestinians. including normalization of relations
the West Bank and Gaza Strip often Possible Solutions and economic ties.
live under challenging conditions, with Negotiations and potential solutions International Mediation and Support
restrictions on movement, economic to the Israel-Palestine dispute have Role: International actors like the
hardships, and periodic military been proposed over the years, with UN, the USA, the EU, and Russia have
conflicts. varying degrees of support and success. been mediating the peace process.
Cultural Impact: The conflict The complexity of the conflict means However, any viable solution must
has deeply affected the cultures, that any sustainable solution must be mutually acceptable, address core
psychologies, and everyday lives of address a multitude of intricate and issues effectively, and ensure the safety,
people on both sides. deeply rooted issues. rights, and aspirations of both Israelis
International Involvement: In Two-State Solution: Envisions an and Palestinians.
the past, the United Nations has independent State of Israel and an The path to such a solution requires
passed numerous resolutions and independent State of Palestine living sustained negotiations, compromises,
been involved in peacekeeping and side by side in peace and security; and a commitment to peace from all
mediation efforts. The United States, in however, these include defining the concerned parties.
particular, often played a crucial role borders, the status of Jerusalem,
The writer is Professor and
in negotiations, although its perceived security arrangements, and the fate Head of the Department of
bias towards Israel is controversial. On of Israeli settlements and Palestinian Political Science as well as Dean,
the other hand, the European Union, refugees. Faculty of Social Sciences at the
Bhupendra Narayan Mandal
Russia, and others have also been One-State Solution: It proposes a University in Madhepura,
involved in various capacities, from single state that encompasses both Bihar. He can be reached at
diplomacy to humanitarian aid. Israel and Palestinian territories, where [email protected]

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INTERNATIONAL

HERO OR VILLAIN?
Henry Kissinger, former U.S. secretary of state and national security advisor,
was responsible for the deaths of at least three million people - all in the
name of the U.S. national security interests and anti-communism.
security advisor and secretary of there were notable negotiations and
BY DR. TALAT FAROOQ
state between 1969 and 1977. treaties on nuclear arms control
In the following decades, he and improved diplomatic relations

H
enry Alfred Kissinger, continued to influence foreign between the two Cold War rivals,
extolled by his American policy by advising various U.S. détente failed in the last years of
admirers as a grand presidents while sitting on several the 1970s. The two great powers
geopolitical strategist, government advisory boards. He remained involved in the Soviet-
fled Nazi Germany in 1938 to also exerted influence by authoring Afghan conflict throughout the 1980s
become an American citizen. As several bestselling books covering with devastating consequences that
Harvard faculty in the 1960s, he geopolitical, historical, and continue to haunt the region.
was a consultant for the John diplomatic topics. Another achievement touted by
Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson He has been hailed for his his admirers is the role he played
administrations before serving in the contribution to détente during the in mediating the end of the Yom
administrations of Richard Nixon late 1960s to late 1970s. However, Kippur War of 1973. But as the
and Gerald Ford as the US national while during the détente years, ongoing Israeli mayhem in Gaza

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INTERNATIONAL

clearly demonstrates, the Palestinian in his 2001 book The Trial of Henry benefit, in turn protected Kissinger
Issue remains unresolved primarily Kissinger, Christopher Hitchens by not divulging either the full
because of the U.S. backing of Israel. argues that Kissinger committed consequences of his acts or his own
This American partiality can be numerous war crimes. Yet he was connection to them.’’
traced right back to Kissinger’s years never held accountable. Instead, in Those who support his
in office. 1973 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Machiavellian approach, justify his
The U.S. opening to China in the Prize for negotiating a ceasefire in crimes in the name of realpolitik.
seventies is perceived as Kissinger’s Vietnam- a pact that was promptly However, Kissinger was not a true
successful strategy and diplomatic violated by all parties. realist. In fact, his foreign policy
victory over the USSR. However, The fact is that Kissinger was strategy was often influenced by
this development created space neoconservative ideology that
for Chinese economic reforms justifies the use of military force to
facilitating Beijing’s participation in Kissinger may be a impose American global hegemony.
the global economy and eventually Realism, whether classical or
allowing Xi Jinping to take the hero to many in the structural, does not advocate the
competition to the next level. Today, blind application of militarist
China presents a robust challenge United States, but solutions to international problems.
to the U.S. global hegemony and the On the contrary, realism is about
post-WW2 Western World Order. outside the U.S. a prudent foreign policy based
According to his biographer Greg on reason and far-sightedness; it
Grandin, Kissinger was responsible there are several is about considering the limits of
for the deaths of at least three million power and the long-term unintended
people - all in the name of the U.S. states where the consequences of a strategic decision
national security interests and anti- being taken to protect national
communism. Kissinger played a key ZRXQGVLQÁLFWHG security interest.
role in prolonging the U.S. military The theory advocates clearly
interventions in Southeast Asia, E\.LVVLQJHU·V defined and limited national
resulting in the deaths of thousands interest and maintaining peace in
of American soldiers and hundreds policies continue an anarchic international system
of thousands of Vietnamese, through balance of power emerging
Cambodians, and Laotians. to fester. from robust alliances. Small wonder
His Cold War era policies were a then that many realists, including
reminder of military imperialism - Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz,
whether in Chile where a U.S.-backed responsible for prolonging and openly disagreed with U.S. military
coup removed the popularly elected extending the Vietnam conflict to interventions in countries that did
Allende government, replacing it neutral Cambodia where later he not present a direct military threat to
with the murderous dictatorship of did not denounce the brutality of the U.S.
Pinochet, or in Argentina where he the Khmer Rouge. Yet, a biased U.S. Kissinger may be a hero to many
gave green light to the homicidal media presented him as an astute in the United States, but outside the
military junta that overthrew the statesman even as he played on both U.S. there are several states where
government of Isabel Peron. sides of the U.S. domestic political the wounds inflicted by Kissinger’s
Kissinger’s preference for arena. Writing for the Rolling Stones, policies continue to fester. In
militarism was demonstrated in the Spencer Ackerman quotes Hersh these parts of the world the former
relentless bombing of neutral Laos Seymour to reveal the two-faced, secretary of state and national
and Cambodia; in the US support deceitful nature of the man and security advisor will always be
for violent nationalist groups in his nexus with the powerful in the remembered as a ruthless villain.
Africa and Latin America; in the media:
The writer is the policy advisor
empowering of dictatorships in ‘’Kissinger was the “hawk of for CSCR, Senior Consultant
the Middle East and Africa and in hawks” inside the White House, but at IPRI, Visiting Faculty at
permitting Suharto and Yahya Khan “touching glasses at a party with Foreign Service Academy,
Islamabad, and Hon. Research
to opt for militarist solutions to his liberal friends, the belligerent Fellow at the Institute for
political problems in East Timor and Kissinger would suddenly become Conflict, Cooperation, and
East Pakistan, respectively. a dove.” Media reporters who Security, School of Government
and Society, University of Birmingham, UK.
Investigating Kissinger’s actions got inside information to their

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ENVIRONMENT

Mission: Carbon Neutral

Bhutan has been consistently pursuing its ambitions
to become carbon neutral, thereby becoming an
inspiration for the rest of the world.

BY MUHAMMAD OMAR IFTIKHAR policies, embodying a commitment contribute to its carbon-neutral

in letter and spirit. This commitment aspirations. With a substantial

I
n an era where nations are stems from Bhutan’s unique approach 72% forest coverage, Bhutan is one
grappling with maintaining to development, emphasizing two of the few carbon sink countries.
their environmental crucial factors: Gross National Ensuring the preservation of this vital
commitments, particularly Happiness (GNH) and Gross resource is enshrined in Bhutan’s
in the face of escalating Domestic Product (GDP). Bhutan constitution, mandating that at least
pollution, the Kingdom of Bhutan recognizes the interconnectedness of 60% of the total land area remains
stands out as an example. Over economic, social, and environmental covered by forests, guaranteeing
the past few years, Bhutan has well-being, emphasizing the need biodiversity conservation and
steadfastly pursued its ambitions, for a harmonious balance. ecosystem maintenance.
aspiring to be environmentally At the heart of Bhutan’s The government’s investment
sustainable and transcending environmental strategy is the reliance in national parks and wildlife
these goals. This small, landlocked on renewable energy sources, a sanctuaries, exemplified by the
South Asian country has emerged phrase that encapsulates the nation’s Wangchuck Centennial Park in
as a global leader in the ongoing journey towards its environmental northern Bhutan, underscores its
mission to combat climate change. goals. Utilizing its rivers to generate commitment to maintaining forested
One of Bhutan’s notable initiatives electricity, Bhutan not only meets its areas. This largest national park has
is its commitment to becoming a energy needs but also sells surplus become a sanctuary for flora and fauna,
carbon-neutral country, a pledge power to India, achieving dual including endangered species like
initiated in 2009. Since then, the objectives of energy self-sufficiency the snow leopard and the red panda.
Bhutanese government, alongside and reduced carbon emissions. Bhutan’s commitment extends to
all departments and citizens, has Bhutan’s conservation efforts sustainable agricultural practices,
unwaveringly adhered to these and biodiversity protection further which contribute to climate change

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INEQUITY

alleviation and safeguard food

Rich People,
security. Agro-ecological farming
methods, promoting biodiversity,
water conservation, and soil health,
ensure that agricultural activities
have no negative societal impact.

Poor Country
Aligned with these practices,
Bhutan aims to become 100%
organic, prohibiting synthetic
pesticides and fertilizers. This
commitment ensures chemical-
free food production, promoting ,QGLD·VZHDOWKGLVWULEXWLRQSRUWUD\VDVWDUN
health and overall well-being.
Another significant contributor to contrast, with a small fraction of the population
Bhutan’s carbon-neutral aspirations KROGLQJLPPHQVHULFKHVZKLOHDVLJQLÀFDQW
is its emphasis on renewable energy,
surpassing traditional hydropower. portion grapples with acute poverty.
Solar energy utilization, particularly
in remote areas where traditional BY SARA DANIAL
infrastructure is challenging,

I
illustrates Bhutan’s commitment ndia, a land of rich cultural to essential services and opportunities.
to cleaner alternatives. heritage and diversity, is a Another concerning statistic showcases
Bhutan actively promotes electric country of stark contrasts. that the top 10% of India’s population
vehicles as part of its sustainable While it boasts a burgeoning holds nearly 77% of the total national
transportation initiatives, offering economy and is home to some wealth, leaving a disproportionately
subsidies and reduced taxes. of the world’s wealthiest individuals, small share for the remaining 90%.
These measures align with the a significant portion of its population As per official data, the average
broader mission of prioritizing grapples with poverty. The glaring income of the top 1% in India is 39
environmental conservation in the gap between the rich and the poor in times higher than that of the bottom
nation’s development projects. India accentuates the socio-economic 50% of the population. The World
Engaging in global discussions on disparities prevalent in the country. Inequality Database highlights that
climate change, Bhutan recognizes Approximately 63 million people between 1980 and 2022, the income
that effective climate action requires in India live below the poverty line, share of the top 1% doubled, while the
the integrated planning and struggling to meet their basic needs. income growth for the bottom 50%
implementation of environmental The juxtaposition is striking against the remained sluggish. Such disparities
conservation and socio-economic backdrop of India being the residence perpetuate a cycle of poverty, hinder-
development. Actively participating of some of the globe’s richest individu- ing access to education, healthcare,
in international dialogues, Bhutan als. These billionaires wield immense and other essential services for a
showcases its dedication to being a economic power, contributing sig- significant portion of the population.
responsible global citizen, inspiring nificantly to the country’s economic Furthermore, the COVID-19 pan-
neighbouring countries and landscape and global influence. demic exacerbated these inequali-
beyond. In the face of the world’s The country grapples with a stagger- ties, disproportionately affecting the
climate change challenges, Bhutan ing income and wealth distribution livelihoods of the poor and margin-
remains a thought leader as well as a gap, magnifying the socio-economic alized communities, widening the
practical force promoting a carbon- disparities. According to recent data, the income gap even further. Addressing
neutral society, a testament to the richest 1% of India’s population holds this income and wealth distribu-
power of collaboration and shared more than four times the wealth of the tion disparity is crucial for sustain-
responsibility. bottom 70%. Additionally, a report by able and inclusive development in
Oxfam revealed that in 2022, the wealth India, necessitating comprehensive
The author is a novelist and of India’s top 1% surged by 46% while policies focused on redistributive
science fiction writer. He has
a special interest in the social the wealth of the bottom half of the pop- measures, equitable opportunities,
and political affairs of South ulation increased by merely 3%. This and social welfare initiatives.
Asia. He can be reached at glaring inequality affects income dis- Topping the list of the wealthi-
[email protected]
tribution and widens the gap in access est people is Mukesh Ambani, the

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INEQUITY

Chairman of Reliance Industries Limited. amassing substantial wealth through telecommunications, finance, pharma-
His wealth predominantly stems from his innovative banking strategies. ceuticals, and manufacturing have been
the conglomerate’s diverse businesses, Lakshmi Mittal, the chairman instrumental in propelling these individ-
including petrochemicals, refining, and CEO of ArcelorMittal, an inter- uals to the echelons of wealth. Their busi-
telecommunications, and retail. Amba- national steel manufacturing com- nesses have not only contributed to the
ni’s innovative business strategies and pany, has significantly contributed Indian economy but have also garnered
visionary leadership have catapulted to India’s industrial and steel sec- global recognition, showcasing India’s
him to the pinnacle of India’s rich list. tor, solidifying his place among the capabilities on the international stage.
Gautam Adani, the founder and country’s wealthiest individuals. The disparity between the rich
chairman of the Adani Group, secures a Sunil Mittal, the founder and chair- and the poor remains a critical issue
prominent spot among India’s wealthi- man of Bharti Enterprises, has played a in India. While the affluent thrive,
est individuals. His conglomerate spans pivotal role in revolutionizing India’s millions continue to face poverty
multiple sectors, such as infrastructure, telecommunications industry through and inadequate access to education,
energy, ports, and logistics, contrib- Bharti Airtel, becoming one of the healthcare, and basic amenities. Bridg-
uting significantly to his wealth. wealthiest individuals in the country. ing this gap requires concerted efforts
The co-founder of HCL Technologies, Kumar Mangalam Birla, the chair- from the government and private
Shiv Nadar, holds a substantial posi- man of Aditya Birla Group, oversees a sectors to ensure inclusive growth and
tion in India’s richest list. His wealth is conglomerate with diversified interests equitable distribution of resources.
derived from the IT services and solutions in various sectors such as metals, cement, India’s wealth distribution portrays
provided by HCL Technologies, which textiles, and telecommunications, a stark contrast, with a small fraction of
he nurtured into a global powerhouse. contributing substantially to his wealth. the population holding immense riches
Radhakishan Damani, a self-made Dilip Shanghvi, the founder of while a significant portion grapples
billionaire, is known for his success in Sun Pharmaceuticals, is a stalwart in with poverty. India’s top 10 wealthiest
retail through his company Avenue the pharmaceutical industry, lead- individuals have amassed their wealth
Supermarts Limited, which operates the ing his company to become one of through diverse sectors and entrepre-
popular supermarket chain D-Mart. India’s largest pharmaceutical com- neurial endeavours, contributing to
Cyrus Poonawalla, the founder of the panies and securing his place among India’s economic growth. Nevertheless,
Serum Institute of India, is a pioneer India’s wealthiest individuals. addressing socio-economic disparities
in the pharmaceutical industry. His The accumulation of wealth by these and promoting inclusive development
company is renowned for producing individuals is attributed to various should remain a priority to create a
vaccines, contributing significantly to factors. Primarily, their success stems more equitable society
his wealth and global health initiatives. from their entrepreneurial acumen, for all Indians.
Uday Kotak, the founder and CEO of strategic business decisions, and ability
Kotak Mahindra Bank, has established to identify and capitalize on emerging Sara Danial is a Pakistan-based
writer/editor and can be reached
himself as a prominent figure in India’s opportunities in India’s dynamic market. at [email protected]
banking and financial services sector, Various sectors such as technology,

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SOCIETY

Dilemma of an Autistic Boy

The national narrative regarding classical music
is unsupportive, if not outright insulting, towards
the practitioners of the art.
BY S.M. SHAHID

H
aving lived the best
part of my life with
grandson Hasan,
22-year old today, and
myself at the fag end
of life’s journey, I cannot help the
temptation to recall both the glorious
and the anxious times shared with
this incredible young man.
He has been my music soulmate
since he was five or six-year old.
He came into my life at the time
when my music teacher and guide
Ustad Wilayat Ali Khan, had left
for his final abode, leaving me
stranded in a cultural wilderness.
I sometimes silently wonder
what good deed had I done to
qualify for such a replacement, a
priceless gift from God Almighty,
the gift in the form of a beautiful
companion with a soul adorned pakka kar lain, phir her raag paanch Lately, Hasan has started to test
with melody and rhythm? minute mein seekh len ge (First make my knowledge. When I ask him
Hasan is unlike ordinary learners it perfect, then you will learn every what raag it is, he says, “Sargam
of music. When I say an ordinary raag in five minutes). How right he karen!” (Sing the notes).
learner, my own example may was! After trolling the same lines “Sa Ma, Ga Ma Pa, Dha Pa, Sa
illustrate the point. I had taken more for a thousand times that made my Re Sa....” I sing the Sargam.
than one year to learn just one raag family members nearly insane, I “It’s Kidara!” He would
— Malkaus. I always found it hard to discovered, to my great relief, that I whisper in my ear.
catch the bole (words) of the asthai was now able to pick up the asthais Regular, rather excessive, listening
(first section of a composition) from and antaras (first and second sections has enabled him to tell the names
the 9th matra (beat) of the teen-taal of other raags) rather easily. But of most of the great vocalists and
(a cycle of 16 beats). In desperation, I it took 20 years to learn whatever instrumentalists by just listening
would plead with my Ustad to teach little I knew of classical music. to the alap (beginning of a musical
me something else. It was quite Hasan is different. Whatever is composition without words). He
frustrating going on and on with taught to him, he picks up at once. recognizes the voices of vocalists
sa, ga, ma, dha, ni, sa , and the boles And he is also a willing learner. Ustad Amir Khan, Baray Ghulam Ali
(words of song) of the asthai. The I wish my Ustad had him as a Khan, Paluskar, Jasraj, Bhimsen Joshi,
Ustad would, however, say: pahle isko shagird (student) instead of me! Ajoy Chakrabarty, Rashid Khan,

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SOCIETY

Veena Sahasrabudhhe, Kishori association granted by none

Amonkar, Ashwini Deshpande, other than the Creator Himself
Prabha Atre, Roshan Ara Begum, was not available to him. How
Fateh Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan, would he spend his time in the
Begum Akhtar, Mehdi Hasan, Iqbal absence of a person who gave him
Bano, Tufail Niazi, Talat Mahmood, company with the same passion
Rafi, Mukesh, Manna Dey, Saigal, that he has for listening to music
Punkaj, Jagmohan, and others. uninterruptedly, for hours in a
And he can tell who is playing stretch? I do not see anyone, even
which instrument: Shehnai, in his immediate family who may
Santoor, Sitar, Sarod, Sarangi, have the time and perseverance
or Violin – played by Bismillah
Khan, Shiv Kumar Sharma,
Vilayat Khan, Amjad Ali Khan,
Sultan Khan or Rajam in that order. Yes, it is a joy to watch him respond
In other words, he can tell a
Sitar from a Veena, a Sarangi from WRHYHU\QRWHHYHU\LQÁHFWLRQEHLWLQ
a Violin, a Sarod from a Guitar, a
flute from a Piccolo, and so on.
the alap, asthai or drutI (fast beat). He
It is fascinating to watch him
enjoying a raag – all ears, totally
NQRZVWKDW7HHQ7DDOKDVPDWUDV
engrossed and fully aware of its (NWDODKDV-KDSWDOKDVDQG
intricate beauty as if the grace and the
gloss of the composition have already 'DGUDKDV
been made clear to him by some
hidden power. Yes, it is a joy to watch
him respond to every note, every
inflection, be it in the alap, asthai a normal and more sociable life in the
or drutI (fast beat). He knows that unfeeling cultural environment of to indulge in this pastime.
Teen Taal has 16 matras, Ektala has the Islamic Republic? He would have My anxiety is enhanced when I see
12, Jhaptal has 10, and Dadra has 6. made many friends instead of sharing that despite my social connections
He has already learned the the pleasure of music with just one and access to musicians, none
compositions of scores of raags that companion, an old grandfather. – except the late Mohammad
he sings with me. These raags were Quite clearly, no replacement Husain (Mehdi Hasan’s nephew
taught to me by Ustad Wilayat Ali is in sight. The national narrative and harmonium accompanist) –
Khan, and the same I am trying regarding classical music is had the graciousness to come and
to transfer them to my grandson. unsupportive, if not outright spend time with Hasan. He taught
His voice is a deep tenor, but it insulting, towards the practitioners Hasan a number of ghazals of the
certainly needs to be worked upon of the art. The self-styled reformers maestro, but for a short time. He
and refined through practice. have been too preoccupied with passed away after giving Hasan
So much for the glorious time the ‘halal-haram’ discourse. Ironic, tuneful company for just a few
being spent with him. Now, the isn’t it, that they have not reached a months. He was a good teacher.
anxiety I suffer from. Unaware of consensus so far – that is, if Music is Finally, and selfishly, I wonder
the future – both mine and Hasan’s halal or haram! What is acceptable if my soul will rest in peace in
– disturbing questions invade my to a Bareilvi is unacceptable to a case Hasan’s music is brought
mind, and it is difficult to get over Deobandi! In this mix-up, the great to an end by circumstances.
the apprehensions regarding the art has no future in this country
music future of my autistic grandson. and is already becoming extinct.
I begin to ask myself: wouldn’t it What is more frightening is the The writer is an advertising
veteran, trained classical
be better if Hasan was born with no thought that my grandson may face vocalist and teacher, author
interest in music at all? Wouldn’t it serious trauma if he finds that his of books on music, art and
save him from becoming a misfit, in sole music companion is no more. culture. He can be reached at
[email protected]
fact vulnerable, among the ‘pious’ of He would not be able to understand
our country? Wouldn’t it let him live why the blessing of a tuneful

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ECONOMICS

GRAIN OF TRUTH
)RRGLQÁDWLRQLQ,QGLDKDVIRUFHGWKH,QGLDQJRYHUQPHQW
WRSXWDEDQRQULFHH[SRUWVSURYLGLQJ3DNLVWDQDQ
RSSRUWXQLW\WRJUDEWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOPDUNHWVKDUH

BY ASIF JAVED the current fiscal year. The Export as per the REAP, the trend has now
Advisory Council has also set a changed due to quality issues of

R
ice is Pakistan’s major target of $10 billion in rice exports Indian rice in international markets.
export item in the food by 2030 to diversify its export Pakistani rice varieties are pest-free
group. As per the statistics basket and enter new markets. and considered of good quality.
of the State Bank of China, the UAE, Malaysia, Another reason for the increase in
Pakistan, the total export Afghanistan, and Saudi Arabia are rice exports is a ban on rice exports
value of rice was $2,111 million during major export destinations of Pakistani imposed by the Indian government.
FY 2022-23, which constituted around rice. Russia has registered 15 Pakistani Food inflation in India has forced
45% of total food group exports. This mills for rice exports, which will help the government to put a ban on rice
indicates the significance of this sector increase exports to the Russian market. exports, which provided Pakistan an
for agriculture and exports. The Rice The global markets favor Pakistani opportunity to grab the market share.
Exporters Association of Pakistan rice over Indian rice, especially the Besides India, Vietnam and Thailand
(REAP) representatives are confident Basmati variety. It was observed that are major rice exports in the global
that the rice exports will hit a record in the recent past, some Pakistan market. Indian farmers have access
$ 3 billion export level this year. products, including rice, had been to various high-yielding basmati
The U.S. Department of Agriculture exported from Dubai as an Indian varieties, whereas Pakistani farmers
projected that rice exports may brand to increase the marketing and have access to only one significant
increase to 4.8 million tonnes in branding of Indian exporters. However, variety: Super Basmati. Pakistani

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ECONOMICS

farmers’ access to certified seeds is regulatory requirements is a time- and institutes, no new variety of
limited and restricts their production consuming process, which should rice has been introduced recently.
capacity to a considerable extent. be made easier and hassle-free. Importing unique types of seeds from
The area under cultivation decreased Focusing on value addition in countries such as the Philippines can
last year due to floods, whereas higher the rice industry and introducing help increase rice yield in Pakistan.
input prices are also a concern for the production of by-products will New markets can be explored to
rice-growing farmers. Torrential rains increase rice exports, and Iran could
damaged paddy crops, especially in The area under be the one market for basmati rice.
Sindh province, resulting in crop However, to tap such markets, the
losses last year. It was estimated that
cultivation availability of banking channels is
around 35% of the standing rice crop decreased last required to initiate the trade process.
in Sindh and 29% in South Punjab year due to floods, Afghanistan, Senegal, and China
were affected by excessive heat waves. whereas higher are potential markets for broken
Despite being the major export rice exports. Providing adequate
item, the Pakistan government does
input prices are also information and advisory services
not provide any subsidy or support a concern for rice- about inputs, high-yield varieties, and
to farmers. The rice sector has not growing farmers. production processes are also some
been given industry status, which of the critical aspects that can assist
shows the lack of interest from the in improving the rice
government towards promoting the help increase the overall production yield in Pakistan.
rice sector and its exports. Provision level and export volume. Modern
of quality seeds, subsidies, and input technological methods and The writer is Senior Research
Associate at the Sustainable
are essential elements to boost rice innovative measures are also helpful Development Policy Institute
production and export volume. in enhancing rice exports. Despite (SDPI). He can be reached at
Compliance with commercial and various agriculture research centers [email protected]

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LEGACY

Kolachi, Khadda, and Kakapir 6WRULHVIURPWKHÀVKLQJFRPPXQLW\RI.DUDFKL

KLJKOLJKWKRZWKHLQGLJHQRXVÀVKHUPHQKDYHEHFRPH
victims of commercialization and capitalism.
BY DR. MASOOMA SHAKIR belonging to the coastal geography, fishermen lined from the position of
with a deep-rooted attachment to the Native Jetty Mandir today until

K
arachi, or Kolachi, started Karachi’s identity and place. Beach Luxury Hotel, while Machi
as a fishing village. General research conducted on Miani has continued as the oldest fish
By no means has that fishing communities involved market since where the fishermen
remained the primary visits to their neighbourhoods, sold their catch. According to a report,
identity of the city and including Khadda (Lyari), Lar Jamat about 135 coastal villages are along
is nevertheless an essential part of the khana, Machi Miani (Kharadar), Karachi’s sea-facing edge of 130 km.
overall city. Interviews with the older Karachi Fish Harbour, Machar The most significant change over
generations of the fishing community Colony, Ibrahim Hyderi, Kakapir centuries and decades is the enormous
show their patriotism to the city and Village (Hawke’s Bay), Baba and Bhit transformation in the city’s relationship
its national identity. They proudly Islands, Sualehabad, Yunusabad, to its coastal natural environment.
talk about their ancestral relation to and Manora Island. Interviews When the settlement of Kolachi began,
place, their featuring roles in catching were also conducted with leading natural geographical constraints
particular types of fish, and a generally community members who actively dominated the settlement patterns.
better life that existed in the past due advocate for access to fundamental Now, the megacity and its dense human
to better marine and riverine habitats. rights. These included members of settlements dictate their day-to-day
This article has been put together the Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum and pressures, making nature subservient
using interviews of old fishermen from Fishermen Cooperative Society. and a recipient of large-scale pollution.
different fishing communities living in Karachi was named after Mai Centuries of development of Karachi
and around Karachi. These interviews Kolachi, the motherland, also called city have gone by, with various phases
present a window to the past, the Kolachi Jo Goth. Initially a fishing of its political domination, physical
Karachi that was, and the perception village, it was located at the junction planned and unplanned growth. The
and association of the fishing where the Lyari River met the sea, fishing community has existed by its
community. The fishing community that is, Kharadar, the previous side throughout this period. The city
is seen as an indigenous community location of the fortified city. Ports of prospered and developed, and the

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LEGACY

fishing community grew but struggled given the developing changes and construction carrying amenities and
as always. With the development of the increased hardships associated with infrastructure like community halls
port, defence, naval mechanism, and the activity with a meagre income. or jamat khanas, fish markets, schools,
fish harbour, the fishing community To understand the relationship colleges, and medical facilities, showing
benefitted to some extent. Still, the of communities and their built previous government support.
development of the two entities, the environment to natural water sources, Machee Miani is Karachi’s oldest fish
city and the fishing community, has a research study was undertaken by the market street that has continued with
been disproportionate, to say the least. Architecture and Planning Department its function since pre-colonial times.
If Karachi’s starting point had been of NED University, Karachi. Visits Karachi was then called Mai Kolachi
that of a fishing village, shouldn’t made to stated locations showed and Kolachi Jo Goth, as a fishing village.
it have been the most prosperous Given its geographical form, Ibrahim
communities impacted by the Hyderi formed a natural fish harbour,
city’s growth and development? forming a jetty for fishermen’s boats.
The fishing community has The association of the community
original settlers and migrants from elders carries strong memories and
Sindh, Balochistan, Kutch, and oral narratives tying in locational
Gujrat. Thus, these neighbourhoods belonging and a strong sense of
carry clear ethnic divisions. A local identity having an ancestral
lopsided distribution of resources link to the city. Their narratives
in varying locations indicates include watching the city’s growth
a lack of political support and from what they knew and belonged
marginalization experienced to what it has become today, with
through cultural representation and that the neighbourhoods of fishing a growing sense of detachment. The
access to decision-making bodies communities all have similar stories development and growth of the city do
of government and organizations. to tell, and the built environment not necessarily support communities
Structural barriers, including a lack of shows their struggle of living with living within, even those with
political involvement, have developed limited infrastructure and hardships. strong associations. While fishing
practices of diminished autonomy Availability of sweet drinking water expenses have increased, structured
and choices available to community is one of the primary and significant with little autonomy for fishermen,
members, given their identity. issues some face, particularly the environment has deteriorated,
The peripheralization of the for fishermen’s neighbourhoods the profession is under stress, and
fishing community highlights immediately adjacent to the coast, ethical concerns have unfortunately
their marginalization of the basis like Kakapir village, Ibrahim become less critical given the
of identities, associations, culture, Hyderi, Sualehabad, and Baba commercial, self-centred approach
and environment. Questions of and Bhit Islands. Increased taxes that addresses their desperation.
sustainable management of water and growing expenses constitute The nature of fishing as a livelihood
resources have emerged as forthcoming a significant challenge for these has a fluctuating character; sometimes,
issues of climate change, pollution, communities whose income remains the catch is good, while at other
and waste management. The state a minuscule amount for extensive times, there is no catch. Stories from
of fishing communities and their hard labour work. Old community the community also highlighted
numerous issues have exacerbated neighbourhoods settled from pre- how the fishermen had become
their economic situation, adding a Independence, including those who victims of commercialization and
layer of complexity to the above. received support and compensation capitalism. Commercial fishing has
Broadly, fishing communities from the British, consisting of better conquered their domain and left them
can be classified as situated on consolidated pucca (solid) housing poorer. Poverty is driving them to cut
mainland coastal, riverfront, and at Ibrahim Hyderi and Lyari. corners, break the trust of community
islands. At the same time, there are The people in Khadda Lyari and members they work with, and engage
many common issues related to Ibrahim Hyderi were resettled by the in petty theft due to
environmental degradation and British in the early 1900s when they desperation.
fishing practices; the communities on were asked to move from the Kharadar
the island face particular problems area, the oldest area of Karachi, as they The writer is an architect,
academic, and urban re-
due to their detached location. reorganized the port access and link to searcher. She can be reached at
The involvement of women in the the river. Fishermen neighbourhoods [email protected]
fishing sector has also been reduced, in Lyari consist of concrete multi-storey

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LAUNCH

GALLERY OF GLORY
7KHERRN¶Great Masters – Pakistani Classicalal
0XVLF· by S.M. Shahid is a tribute to the lesser-
er-
NQRZQFODVVLFDOPXVLFPDHVWURV
BY MIRZA MOHAMMAD NAYYAR Baloch reflected on the challenges Biscuits Manufacturers (EBM),
faced by them in the preparatory recounted the early ly life of her father,
father

I
t was a colorful evening at stages of the book. He elaborated on Khawar Masood Butt, and delved into in
NAPA with many shades of the methodology he uses to train his his deep interest in classical music.
music on its palette. Even the students. Javed Jabbar lauded the While approaching the venue of the
sky wore a rare deep magenta Sindh government’s decision to make event, the Zia Mohyeddin Auditorium,
look at dusk on December it mandatory for the schools to impart guests were first ushered to the
21, adding a stroke of divinity to recently renovated Music Cabana,
the launching of the book ‘Great which has also been equipped
Masters – Pakistani Classical Music.’ with necessary furnishings and
The Great Masters – Pakistani instruments and where music
Classical Music has been authored by classes are being held now. To top
the musicologist S. M. Shahid, who it all, large framed portraits made
is also the Advisor to the National by Sharjil Baloch, of the classical
Academy of Performing Arts (NAPA) music maestros mentioned in the
on classical music. The book is a book were hung on the walls of the
tribute to the classical music maestros music cabana, which enhanced
who are no less of a legend but did its internal environment.
not receive recognition from the society After the panel discussion, S. M.
that they deserved. The 110-page book, Shahid presented his three young
which, in the words of Senator (R) Javed students who gave live performances
Jabbar, is a Gallery of Glory, presents life and enthralled the audience with
portraits of twenty-two classical music their singing prowess attained
virtuosos. The book also mentions at an extremely tender age. Eden
other vocalists, instrumentalists, folk Samuel (7 years), Kirpa Dhanja (8
singers, composers, classical music Years), and Jessica Dhanja (3 years)
gharanas as well as individuals who sang intricate, raag-based songs
have written on music. There is a section and compositions (bandishes).
in the book that describes musical The last item of the eventful
instruments, classical music thaats evening was the sitar performance
or scales, and the structure of ragas, by Farhan Rais Khan and his
beats (taals) and the rhythm cycles. younger brother Huzoor Hasnain
The programme commenced Khan, sons of Late Ustad Rais
with a panel discussion with Javed Khan. The great Tabla maestro,
Jabbar, S. M. Shahid, Sharjil Baloch, Ustad Bashir Khan, who is a
and the chief guest, Saadia Naveed, faculty member at NAPA, did the
on the forum. The panel discussion sangat with the sitarists. Later,
was moderated by Abdullah Syed Jawaid Iqbal, Chairman of
Haroon. Javed Jabbar, a director NAPA, presented a memento to
at NAPA, praised the life and the chief guest Saadia Naveed.
works of the author and applauded music education across the province. Hamza Ali Jafri, Head of Music at
the latest addition to his repertoire The chief guest, Saadia Naveed, NAPA, offered concluding remarks
of books. S. M. Shahid and Sharjil Deputy Managing Director of English and expressed his vote of thanks.

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REVIEWS

BOOK

DESTINED TO FAIL: DEMOCRACY AND STATE BUILDING

EXPERIMENT IN POST-TALIBAN AFGHANISTAN

Treasure Trove
BY MUHAMMAD OMAR IFTIKHAR

T
he US-led mission in country’s security concerns and
Afghanistan, which began the impact of the rising poppy
soon after 9/11, has left an cultivation are discussed in great
undeniable mark on Afghanistan detail with facts and figures.
and also had far-reaching The book unfolds Afghanistan’s Book : Destined to Fail: Democracy and
impacts and consequences on past and present situation and State Building Experiment in
South Asia. The book “Destined provides a glimpse into the Post-Taliban Afghanistan
to Fail: Democracy and State country’s future. Dr. Saira offers a Author : Saira Aquil
Pages : 217
Building Experiment in Post- detailed account of the multiple
Publisher : Oxford University Press.
Taliban Afghanistan” by Dr. Saira internal and external factors that
Aquil examines the complex caused the chaos that had to erupt
fabric of Afghanistan’s post- in Afghanistan. She explores tend to become monotonous or
Taliban era while providing the history of Afghanistan back tedious. On the other hand, Dr.
research-based insights and to 1747. Dr. Saira elucidates Saira pursues a balanced approach
analysis of many challenges upon the decomposition by reflecting upon the significant
that Kabul is still facing. process of the Afghan state, the events in Afghanistan’s various
The opening chapter brings to democratization process, the political eras, incorporating
the fore the concept of a “failed democracy-building process, and her views, providing a holistic
state” and what it implies. By citing the internal and external dynamics viewpoint, and building the
the works of scholars, Saira argues of the Taliban insurgency. narrative. She tells the story of
the meaning of the term and its The author has undeniably Afghanistan backed by the realities
categories, each highlighting a made great efforts in writing this and evidence, and her efforts
layer of insights into this term. book, a combination of a case are visible in a well-researched
The book traverses Afghanistan’s study exploring the downfall of book. One of Dr. Saira’s strengths
political, social, cultural, and Afghanistan. It also uncovers the remains in her investigation
historical dimensions, offering factors that led to this descent. of societal factors and cultural
insights into the internal factors Furthermore, the book is not truths that influence the path
and socio-political forces that have just a historical representation of democracy in Afghanistan.
shaped the nation. The decades of of what was once the state of Dr. Saira presents how the
conflict and foreign interventions Afghanistan as it scrutinizes various U.S. Presidents controlled
that turned Afghanistan into a the role of democracy as a Afghanistan and exercised their
country encapsulated by wars beacon of hope in the country’s authority in influencing Kabul’s
form the backdrop of the book. reconstruction. The analysis policies over multiple fronts.
Dr. Saira skillfully contextualizes sheds light on the Afghan people’s The book is a valuable guide,
the trials faced by the Afghan objectives for a more inclusive better to say, a treasure trove
people and the international and accountable government, for students of international
community in rebuilding a highlighting the transformative relations, scholars, policymakers,
nation withered by economic and potential of democratic principles and anyone seeking a
political instability. Afghanistan’s that decisions being imposed deeper understanding of the
limitations in governance, by the West tarnished. complex historical analysis of
aid, economics, and political Such books that analyze regional Afghanistan’s social, economic,
structure while delving into the and international relations issues and political affairs.

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BOOK

THE WORLD BETWEEN US

Of Love and Betrayal BY BEENISH MAHMOOD

S
ara Naveed’ss novel o will their relationship
or
‘The World Between fa apart? What is it in their
fall
Us,’ is aboutt p
past that still haunts them?
relationships of love and Are they willing to tell
hate. Naveed’s style
yle of each
e other the truth about
writing is simple and their
th past, or do they fear
concise. She createstes an the
th truth will lead to their
aura that is compelling
pelling undoing?
u Truth should set
and breathtaking. g. them
th free! But is it so?
The protagonists,
sts, Amal Sara Naveed sheds light
and Qais, both haveave a on
o society’s mindset. As
dark past. They fall
all in Rohinga,
R Amal’s colleague,
love with each other,
ther, and tells
te her that she had been
the demons of their eir past rejected
re based on her skin
create tumultuous us waves tone,
to which wasn’t light
that are on the brink
rink of enough,
en Naveed exposes
ruining the present
ent bond the
th shallow thinking
of trust, loyalty, and of
o our society! White is
love they share. Naveed acceptable,
ac but black or
has brilliantly expressed
xpressed wheatish
w complexion is not!
the emotion of romance.
omance. Qais is the perfect catch.
How intricate thee web of ‘He is rich…drives a brand
feelings can be for
or two people new car. He owns the latest
falling in love with each other. model of iPhone. He eats
Amal is a brilliant girl. expensive food daily. He’s
Although ordinary-looking Book : The World Between Us handsome. But is that what
and not rich, she has an aura Author : Sara Naveed Amal cares about? His money
and wit that charms men. Publisher : India Penguin Publication and good looks? What does Qais
The difficulty of wooing her Pages : 256 want? ‘What was happening
is like a challenge that men Price : Rs. 795.00 to me? I’d have never thought
like Qais like to accept. I would be attracted so
Amal works in an office, powerfully to someone as
and Qais is her boss. Qais is the who cannot understand how simple and ordinary as Amal.’
typical rich, spoilt brat that Amal does not care about him. Is this what love feels like?
women like Amal cannot seem Amal is like a trophy that The question is potent. The
to understand. Qais is smitten Qais must win. Initially, Qais novel ‘The World Between
by her, but she resists him. She wants a fling with Amal, but Us’ by Sara Naveed allows
does not take the bait Qais gives as things turn around, the readers to indulge in a world
to her. She is difficult. She is not infatuation turns into true love! of love, beauty, and romance.
desperate, which annoys Qais, Will Qais and Amal be united, The book is worth a read!

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REVIEWS

TV SERIAL

GURU

SIMPLE YET POWERFUL

BY MALEEHA FAISAL SIDDIQUI

A
ired on Express TV the leader of the transgender support from her classmate
every week, Guru is community, could not leave Salaar, who manages to convince
a beautifully written, the infant alone. He decides his mother to accept Maryam
expertly produced, and well- to give her shelter and a fully- as her daughter-in-law.
directed serial that has gained fledged fatherhood, becoming There is a rollercoaster of
a large viewership because of a role model for all parents. events that stands tall in front
its sensitive topic, which is The girl is named Maryam. of Maryam when, to Salaar’s
based on a powerful script. The However, he struggles to raise and Maryam’s shock, it is
actors and actresses have done the girl as he tries to hide revealed that the latter’s father
justice to the roles given to her gender. Guru dreams of is transgender. Later, Guru, after
them, performing outstandingly, seeing Maryam as a doctor. hiding his deteriorating internal
especially Ali Rahman, playing
the protagonist Guru. The life
and the strife of transgender
community is something we
don’t like to talk about or even
think about. Yet, they are a part
of our society. They are living
beings with hearts and feelings.
The story of the TV serial
Guru starts when a father, fed
up with the birth of a fourth
girl in his family, forces the
mother to make a tough
decision: to give one of her twin
girls to the attending nurse.
Out of fear of her husband, the
poor mother succumbs to his
decision. When the nurse is
presented with the newborn, His dedication and hard work condition, passes away from
she realizes she cannot afford pay off as Maryam becomes a terminal disease. Maryam’s
to raise her. Thus, she takes the a medical graduate and starts in-laws support her in making
newborn to some acquaintance, her professional practice. On a memorial trust to support
who also refuses to keep her. the other hand, Maryam’s real transgender people in learning
The nurse, not knowing what family faces a very hard life of life skills and taking care of
else to do, leaves the baby in physical abuse and hatred given abandoned babies. The TV
a deserted neighbourhood by the father to the daughters serial is an eye-opener, telling
in the middle of the night. and the mother. Adding to audiences about the importance
This little bundle of flesh and their misery are the cunning of transgender people in
fabric is discovered by a group of aunt and her characterless son. our social fabric. Express TV
transgender persons returning Life becomes less hard when deserves kudos for this simple
from a day’s performance. Guru, Maryam finds her love and yet powerful TV serial.

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FILM

THE NUN 2

FIGHT THE DEVIL

BY BEENISH MAHMOOD

A
sequel to The Nun Part
1, The Nun 2 is a Warner
Brothers production
directed by Michael Chaves.
With the script written by Akela
Cooper, the film has phenomenal
visual effects, costumes, and
music composition. With a 1
hour and 50 minutes runtime,
it has been rated at 5.9/10 on
IMDB. It falls into the genres of
horror, mystery, and thriller.
Though an average rating, ‘Your mother sent you Sister Deborah and Sister Irene
the film still holds the audience here,’ she says to Sister Irene, try to piece together the puzzle,
captive through the entire who agrees with sadness as the scene shifts to the Catholic
length of the film. The plot is she loved her mother a lot archives in France. God protects
convoluted. It is set in a nunnery/ who’s sent to an asylum. all in the boarding school against
convent possessed by a demon. Enter Sophie and Race /Maurice. the demon that resides within
Sister Irene (Taissa Farmiga), Sophie is Kate’s (a teacher at the the convent. Who is the demon?
Sophie (Katelyn ROSE Downey), nunnery) daughter and is attracted Whom does it live in? How to stop
Kate (Anna Popplewell), St. Lucy to Maurice. Here, Sister Irene it? These are all questions that
(Kate Colbrooke), Maurice (Jonas makes an appearance. The scene lurk in the mind of the viewer.
Bloquet), and Sister Deborah shifts to the murder of a 90-year- As Sophie, Sister Irene, and
(Storm Reid) are at the centre of the old nun and a priest with his Sister Deborah, with a few
story. The setting is 1956, France, throat slit. They are buried inside schoolgirls, fight against the
where Sister Irene once again faces the church. Sister Irene reluctantly demon, they pray: ‘In the name
Valak (Bonnie Aarons), the demon accepts the challenge to investigate of God, leave this man.’
nun. As a couple of priests and a the murder. Her mother died in a Maurice tries to win over Sophie,
nun get murdered, Sister Irene is fire, and she believes in the power saying, ‘Don’t be afraid of me; I
tasked to investigate the matter by of miracles. The thematic concern am your friend. I would never
Father Birke. After an ancient relic, of the film is ‘to fight the devil.’ hurt you.’ Sister Irene holds the
the demon is a pair of eyes, and ‘The devil will appear in relic in Race’s face, killing the
the only way to defeat the demon the form of a monstrous goat. demon and freeing him from the
is to find the relic and hold it in Whatever you do and hear, don’t exorcism. The film ends on a note
its face till the spirit is burnt out. look away. He’s reckoning you.’ of hope. Is Maurice finally freed?
The head, Nun, claims Sister As Irene tries to kill the demon, To sum up, The Nun 2 is a film
Deborah ‘is in trouble and didn’t she dies only to be reborn after to watch. Its spookiness reminds
have anything to confess.’ She the doctor treats her. She has a me of Agatha Christie and Harry
jokes with Sister Irene, saying: vision where she sees what the Potter! Full of suspense and thrill,
‘Maybe I’ll have something to demon wants. It wants a coveted the film wins the viewers’ hearts.
confess,’ with a wink in her eye. prize and an ancient relic. As It ends on a positive note.

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