Decimal Conene Simctures [76] Technical Serieg AnulyisandDesinofCneeeSictues_[76]_____ erie Serieg ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES 1. Choose the correct alternative from any seven of the following : (a) Deflectior: can be controlled by using the appropriate @) aspect ratio. i) modular ratio Gii) span/depth ratio “> (iv) watér/eeinent ratio’ Ans : (iii) a (b) The probability of failure implied in limit state deign is of the order of “ () 102 7 @)ION ii) 104 ‘ (iy) 105 | Ans : (i) ye (©) The main reinforcement of an RC slab consists of 10 mm bars @ 100 mm. spacing. It is desired to replace 10 mm bars by 12 mm bars, then the spacing of 12 mm bars should be (120mm fy, Gi)4Omma + (ii) 144 mm 2" Gy) 160 mm Ans: Gi) ¢ (@) Flexural collapse in oyer-reinforced beam is due to @ primary compression failure Gi) secondary compression failure (ii) primary tension failure Gv) bond failure Ans : (i) 4 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnais and Dasen of Conerete Structures (77) ‘Technical Series (e) As per IS-456 aide face reinforcement, not less than 0. 05% of web area, is provided on each aide when, the depth of web is not less than @) 300 mm Gi) 400 mm. Gii) 500 mm. (jv) 750 mm. Ans : (iv) () Shear span is defined as the zone, where () bending moment is zero Gi) shear force is zero Gi) shear force is constant (iv) bending moment is constant ‘Ans : (ii) PAS (g) Lap length of reinforcement in compression shall not be Less than @) 306 “249 Gii) 206 Gy) 15 ¢ where @ - diameter of the bars." Ans : (ii) (b) The minimum clear cover (in mm) to the main steel bars in stab, beam, column and footing respectively are @) 10, 15, 20,25 | 15, 25, 40, 40 Gii) 20, 25, 30, 40 “Giv) 20, 88, 46, 75 Ans : (ji) F @ Aconerete pedestal made"of M20 concrete‘is shown in the figure below “EeCotumn |—-Pedestal EF gox3 MPa ‘a ‘The tan o value in this case will be @ not less than 3.5, (i) less than or equal to 36 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnaisendDesigofConceteStrutwes [78] Technical Series Gii) greater than 3.6 (iv) greater than or equal to 3.6 Ans: (iv) @) A square column section of size 350 mm x 360 mm is reinforced with four bars of 25 mm@ and four bars of 16 mim , ‘Then the transverse steel should be (@ 8mm9@ 350 dl (i) 8 ram @ 250 al « Gi) 6 mm4@250dl |v) Sm 6 @ 240 dd Ans : ii) 4 2. (a) Whatis principle of stability? Discuss, Principle of stability: The principle of stability state that a structure should provide sufficient. resistance in case of overturning, sliding, probable variation in dead load, moment connection and lateral sway. => The restoring moment shall not be less than 1.2 times the maximum overturning moment due to characteristics load and 1.4 times the maximum overturning moment due to the ° characteristics imposed loads. => The structure shall have factor against sliding of not less than 1.4 under the most adverse combination of the. applied characteristics forces. = Probable variations in dead load should be considéred during construction, repair or other temporary measure, => Adequate moment connection or system of tracing shall transmit all the horizontal forces to foundation. © => Under transient wind load, the lateral sway at the top should not exceed H/500 where H is the total height of building. For seismic loading condition, IS 1893 should be referred. (b)-A meeting hall is shown in the figure given helow : The slab is cast monolithically with beam, The bea™* are spaced at 3.5m cic. The slab is 130 mm thick 9” | design for a superimposed working load of 6 kN/m™™ The web of the beam is 300 mm wide. Design beam | 4 @ scanned with OKEN Scannernaps and Design of Conerte Structures [79] Technical Series using LSM. If M-25 concrete and Fe-500 grade steel is used, design for flexure as well as shear, Ans. Given, slab is cast monolithically with beam Spacing between beam = 3.5 mle Thickness of slab = 130 mm Live load = 6 kN/m? Clear span = 7.5 m Width of web = 300 mm Width of support = 345 mm fer = 25 Nimn® £, = 500 N/mm? oT 345mm eee eal 35m 1J35m oe, ae 345 mm. Fig. Meeting Hall To design ; Beam using limit state method. Now, Cross sectional dimensions Assuming effective depth = @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnalsisand Desig af Conte Structures [80] Technical Serieg take d= 550 mm. D=550 + 50 = 600 mm => Effective span Least of (i). Centre to centre of bearing = (7.5 + 0.846) =,7.845 m i) Clear span + effective depth = (7.5 + 0.58) = 8.05 m Effective span = Lo = 7.845 m , Z| = Loads : Self weight of slab = 0.13 8.5 x2 Floor Finish 0.6 x 8.5 = 2.1'kNim Self weight of web = 0.3 x 0.47 x 2 Design load, W; => Breadth of flange (bf), b= + byt 6Df _ 7845 =~ G+ 30046 x 130 = 2387.5mm < 3.5m Take bf = 2400 mm (say) : => Bending Moment and Shear Force : 57 x 7.8452 “~g ~ = 488.60 kNm @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnaipisand Design of Concrete Structures [81] Technical Series a aoe 57 x 7.845 = Moment capacity of flange Muf = 0.36 Fck bf Df (d — 0.42 Df) = 0.36 x 25 x 2400 x 130 (550 — 0.42 x 130) = 1391.08 x 106 N.mm = 1391.08 kNm > Mu : ‘the beam can be considered as rectangular section with =f. = => Main Reinforcement = 0.87 rAta[1-245 “_500x Ast | "7 25 x 2400 x 550) = 438,50 x 108 = 0.87. 500 sew 650 => 488.50 x 108 = 239250 Au [ 1- 1.515% 10 Au] => 3.625 Ast? — 239250 Ast + 438.50 x 105= 0 => Ast = 1886.74 mm?, Take 4 bars of 25 6 m & Ast = 4x x (25)? = 1963.49 mm?” * Shear Reinforcemen’ _ Wu! “228.58 x 108 * bud: 7,300 X 550. A 00 x Ast % if Reinforeemént => yg = 1,85 N/mm? _ 100 x 1963.49 =~ 300x550 ~ 178 From table 19 of IS 456 : 2000, @ scanned with OKEN Scanner3) is and Design of Concrete Structures __[82] Technical Serie =0.64+ 1.18-1) 0.25 -1 t= 0,688 < 1.35 N/mm? ‘eis less than t, shear reinforcement has to be designog, Vor= Vat bd = 223.58 x 108 — 0,683 x 300 x 550. Vis = 110885 N al oe Now, use 8mm 4, 2 legged stirrups; © Spacing, sy= 08th Aud x 0.87 x 500 x.2 x7 x 8 x 550 = 216.90 Take S.= 2000 mm Now, maximum permitted spacing. @ 0.75 d= 0.75 x 550-= 412.5 ° 300 mm Adopt spacing of 220 mm at supports and gradually increasing to 300 mm at centre of span. | = Check for deflection 100 Ast. 100 x 1963.49 % of reinforcement = bya = 2400 x 550 _ = 0.148% Atreqd. * Astprovided 1886.74 1963.49 fe= 0.58 x fy x = 0.58 x 500 x = 278.66 N/mm? bw _ 300 _ “OF = 2400 = 0-125 ad @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnpisendDesene(CourteSimdures [83] "Technical Series From IS456 : 2000 Fig. 4 Ki=2.0 Fig. 5 3.Ke= 1.0 Fig. 6> 1 =0.8 G2) xKamxns =20x2x..0.8= 32 2) 1845. a = een + 14.26 < 82 G Provided 550 Hence, the beam is safe in u. flection: (any gran atagyeh ives Sm PLL} Sao ko * Details of Reinforcements 3. (a) What are different’ design philosophies for RCC * structures. Discuss the merits and demerits of each. Ans, The different design philosophies of RCC structures with their merits and demerits are as follows: (i) Working stress Method ~ Material is assumed to behave in a linear elastic manner. — Stresses within the material is not allowed to exceed the permissible stress. Merits : ¢ Simple'method * Members are stable & safe @ scanned with OKEN Scanner“Anslsis and Design of Conerete Structures___[84] Technical Series Demerits ¢ Uneconomical large section are obtained. + It fails to discriminate between differen yypes of loads that acts simultaneously, but have different degree of | uncertainty. Gi) Ultimate Load Method — In this method stress condition at the’ state of impending failure of section is analyzed and non-linear stress strain curve of steel and concrete are made use of. _. Merit y ¢ Cheaper section are obtained Demerits ¢ Members are unstable-& unsa! + Slender members are obtained: Gii) Limit State Method +In this method, actual stresses: developed at “collapse differ considerable from the theoretical values. It provides adequate safety at ultimate load and adequate serviceability at service loads by considering all possible limit states. Merits ¢@ Economical Method 4 Members are safe & stable Demerit ‘ — It uses the probable approach of design so it may not provide sufficient strength and serviceability at the worst combination of loads and during extreme condition. (b) A Continuous beam is shown in the figure below: @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnipisand Desi ef merce Sirutures__[85) Technical Series It is supporting a DL of 20 kN/m and LL of 25 kN/m at working loads. Design the end span of the beam for shear and flexure. The width of the beam is 300 mm. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel. Ans. Given, Continuous beam : DL=20 kN/m LL= 25 kNim fax = 25 N/mm? f,= 415 N/mm? ~ Effective span = 6 m Width of beam = 300 mm. Now, * Cross Sectional Dimensions Finishes = 0.125 kN/m 8 =Total dead load = 25 kN/m q = Live load = 25 kN/im Bending Moments and Shear Forces. ‘ Negative B.M. at interior support @ scanned with OKEN ScannerandDesgnof Conte Srtues [86] Technical Serieg 25x62 25 x 6? Meow Miter tone al = 285 kN/m. — Positive B.M. at centre of span Mu(+ve) = [B24 a). 25x 6 | 25x sxe) mors) = 247.5 kNim Maximum shear force at the support section is given by Vu= 0.6 L(g +q) 1.5=0.6 x 6 x (25 +25) 1.5 =270 kN + Limiting Moment of Resistance Mu lim = (0.138 fex bd?) = (0.138 x 25 x 300 x 6002) x 10-6 =£72.6 kNm Mu < Mu! lim the section is under reinforceé, * Main Reinfarcements For Tension side = (0.87 Fy As oft (fete ] isp 415 Ast = 285 x 105= (0.87 x 415 x Ax x 600) [a “a0 eer al = 285 10° = 216630 Ax [1-9,22 x 10 Au] = 19.978] Au? 216630 Au + 285 x 10° = 0 | = An= 1532 mm? | Use 4 bars of 25 mmo For tension side = Ag provided = AxT x25 e Bey (01 Mu= 0.87 Fy Aad cn “(i } @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnalysis and Design of Concrete Structures [87] Technical Series => 247.5 x 108 = (0.87 x 410 x As x 600) | 4 415 Ast ) ~ (300 x 600 x 25, => 19.9781 Au? — 216630 As + 247.5 x 10° = 6 Use dbars of 22 mm > Aa provided = 4x 4x 22? = 1520 mm? = : _100xAst 100.1964 _ p= % of Reinforcement = pq = "399x600 = 109 By table 19 of IS 456 : 2000, 0:70 — 0.64 t= 0.64 + 1.25—1.00 (1.09 — 1) % = 0.6616 N/mn? < tv Shear reinforcement are needed to be provided. Vus= Vu-te bd = 270 x 10° (0.6616 x 300 x 600) Vis = 150.912 kN ; Using 8mm diameter 2 legged stirrups, the spacing near supports is : ‘ é efps! f andl _ [0.87 x 415 x 2 x 50 x 600 sn is 150.912 x 103 Adopt 8 mm $ 2 legged stirrups at 140 mm cle ‘Throughout the beam’ * Check for deflection control = As r PI= 1.09 fy= 0.58 x yx pr rariag = 0.08% 4.5% Sant @ scanned with OKEN ScannerTechnical Seriey ‘Anabsis and Design of Conerte Strutures__[88] fa= 195.50 Nimm? Using S456 2000, » a1 Ku =1.26 : Kj=1.0 ( [ @ x Kix Ke x Ky may basic = 26x 1.1x1.26x 1.0 = 36.036 @) eS a = = 10 < 36.036. Safe 4) sctual 6600 4(a) Discuss how wind and earthquake loads are calculated on structure taking suitable examples. Ans. Wind loads are calculated as per 1S875 (part 3) — 1987 Mathematically, it is expressed as, Vi x Ki x Ko x Ka] Where, V: = design wind speed at any height (m/s) Vi = Basic wind speed : Ki = Probability factor (Risk coefficient) (Cl. 5. 3.1) Ko = Terrain, Height and structure size factor (CL5.3.2) Ks = Topography factor than wind pressure (P7) is calculated as P= 0.6 Vi} For example, if Y:= 60 m/s ‘Then P: = 0.6 x 60?= 2160 kN/m? culated as IS 1893.200: « Earthquake First design base shear is computed | @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnalysis ad Design ofConerete Structures ___[89] ‘Technical Series Then distributed along the height of building. Lateral forces at each floor level are distributed to individual lateral load resisting elements. The design base shear (Va) is given as Ve = Aa x W Where, w = seismic weight of the building at the time of earthquake An = Horizontal seismic coefficient. _ ZISa Here, A= Rg z=zone factor I= Importance Factor R= Response Reduction Factor Se end Z Average response acceleration co-efficient. For example, if An = 0.11 w = 35000 Ve = 0.11 x 35000 Vp = 3850 kN} (b) Design a two-flight staircase with steps on waist slab for floor-to-floor height of 36 m. Width of flight is equal to 1S in and LL is 4 kN/m’, The waist slab is simply supported on landing slabs which spans transversely to the flight. Landing slabs are 15 m wide- Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 bars. Ans. Given Floor to floor height = 3.6 m Width of flight = 1.5 m LL=4 kN/m? @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnahssand DesimefGnerete trues [90] Technical Serie, a... fdth of landing slab fx = 25 N/mm? f= 415 Nimm? To design : Two -Flight staircase Now, Height of flight Assume, rise (R) = 130 mm, tread (T) = 250 mm No. of risers in one flight = 1800 14 Nos, 130 No. of trades = 14-1=13 Let's consider the stair with landing slabs is resting over the wall of 230 mm. The descriptive out line of staircase is presented below. f-1000—f—1500 —X Effective span = ole distance between supports = 8250 + 1500 + 1500 + 260 , 230 = 6480 mm Assume the waist slab thickness is based on Bonin tatio of 20. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerdufpisandDeienfGnewteSrutues [91] __ Technical Series span _ Depth — eu) 2 = 4-50 6480 = 2) 20 => d=324mm Adopt, D = 330 mm. ‘Assume 20 mm clear cover (exposure is mild). Provide 12 mm @ bar as main reinforcement D = (330 — 10.5 x 12) - 207 x 10-® D=0.304 m Here, the effective depth is considered as 300 mm. * Load Calculation (Load on going) NR2+ TP T: Self weight of waist slab = 25 x D x =25x0.3x = 8.45 kN/m? Self weight of steps = 25 x (0.5 x 13) = 1,625 kN/m? LL =4kN/m? FL=1kN/m? TL = 15.075 kN/m? ‘y= (15.075 x 1.5) = 22.61 kN/m? * Load Calculation (Load on Landing) Self weight of slab. 25 x 0.30 = 5 kN/m? LL=4 kN/m? FL=1kN/m? @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnasicendDegnofneeteSrutuns [92] Technical Serie, TL= 12.5 kN/m? Wa = 12.5 x 1.5 = 18.75 kN/m? * Calculation of Design Moment 6 a ec. 2 Lob Jeno J R EIS men). 3250 Reaction 2R = (18.75x 1.615) + (22.61 x 3.25) + ( 18,75 1.615) 2R = 134.04 Kn R=67.02Kn ¢ Maximum Moments at Midspan’ Mu= 67.02 x (1015 : a) = (18:75 x 2.432) - 29.61 18" 75 kevin 2 1615) = 217.14 ~ 45.60 29.85 = 141.69 kNm Mu limit = 0,138 x Paxx ba? = 0.188 x 25 x 1000 x 3042 = 818.83kNm_ + Mu limit > Mu = This is under-reinforced, Gcbe = 7N/mm? Ost = 250 N/mm? = @ scanned with OKEN Scannerdass tabDein Eines Sucures__[93]_ Technical Series ee Ea oe "280 1+ Thoa 1 *13%7 K=0.284' 1 R Q=9X Gnexjxk atx 7x 0.90 x 0.284 = 0.90 e Calculation of Ast he M _ 141.60 x 108 *~Gaxjxd ~ 2300.90 x 304 = 2251.62 mm? Use 16 mm diameter bar, B 1000 Spacing = Ae 1000 x = 1000 BS age = 9951.62 * 4% 16 = 89.29 mm Provide 16 mm 4 bar at 80 mm cle (As = 2518.27 mm’) * Reinforcement (Distribution) As =0.12% xbxD =0,0012 x 1000 x 304 = 364.8 mm? Use 8 mm diameter bar, ; 1000 Spacing =A, % ast @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAmalysisand Design of Conerete Structures [94] Technical Serieg r 2 x 8= 136 mm 64.8 ~ 4 Nees Provide 8 $ bars at 130 mm c/c (Ax = 386.65 mm?) * Check for Shear Stress Re: 7.02 x 1000 W"bxd~ 1000x244 = 0.274 N/mm? Asst provided : 2513.27 = Ast provided _ 2518 20S Pr= 1000 x bxd = 1000x 1000 x 304 = 9-82 Using Table -23 of IS456 : 2000, By interpolation, t= 0:35 Nimm? Referring B = 5.2.11 of IS 456 : 2000 K=1 Kae = 1 x 0.35 = 0.35 = 0.35 Nimm? w D) and the extreme fibre strain concrete lies between 0.002 & 0.0035, With a further increase in the moment and eccentricity (¢ > @3), the neutral axis lies within the section (xv < D) and the extreme concrete fibre strain ecu = 0.0035. (@ Point-3 on the interaction diagram represents the balanced failure state with e = eb and Xu = Xu1 max. « (@) Point-4 on the interaction c:uve refers to the pure flexural state (e = and Pu = 0) with the ultimate moment of resistance Mw associated with the minimum neutral axis depth xi min. (b) Calculate the load carrying capacity of a short axially loaded column 350 mmé reinforced with 6 bars of 22 mm¢ of Fe-415 grade. The helical reinforcement consists of § mmo bars of Fe-415 grade steel at 40 mm pitch. Assume clear cover of 40 mm and grade of concrete M-25. Ans. Given, Column diameter = D = 350 mm Main reinforcement = 6 bars of 22 mm Helical Reinforcement = 8 mm bars at 40 mm pitch Clear cover = 40 mm Fa = 25 Niémm? fy = 415 Nimm? To find : Load carrying capacity of column, Now, Pu= 1.05 (0.4 fax Ag + (0.67 fy — 0.4 fex) Asc) x Here, Ag 7s 350? = 96211.27 mm? Now, Core diameter = 350 - 2 x 40 = 270 mm Area of concrete =Ac= 4x 270? — Asc = 57255.52 — Asc @ scanned with OKEN ScannerpnstandDesin of Cenete Structures [917] Technical Series Now, Ve= volume of concerts curve per metre = (57255.52 — As) x 103 mm Now, Volume of helical spiral per metre (Vis) (850-2 40-8) x( x82) x10 40 _ © x 262 x 50.26 x 103 ea 40 Vos = Vus = 1034.33 x 10? mm. Now, According to clause 39.4 Wes ‘Ag ck’ ¥<0.36[ 45-1] ) 1034.33 x 108 <0.36/; 96211.27 & (67255.52 — As.) x 108 57255.52 — Ae 1 |\a15, 0.36 x 25 [see = 5725552 tas) 415 57255.52 Asc = y 1034.33 < (57255.52 As) u 1034.33 < 0.0216 (38955.75 +.Ax:) 47694.105 < 38955.75 +/Ac Ace < 8738.35 mm? — u u Ac =6x 7 ae 22? = 2280.8 mm? (Provided) Pu = 1.05 (0.4 x 25% 96211.27 + (0.67 x 415 — 0.4 x 26) yi, x 2280.3] 05 (9621.27 + 6,34176.44] Pu= 730.38 x 10? kN (©) Design a short axially loaded column carrying an axial working load of 1100 kN and size of column is 400 mm x 450 mm. Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnalysis and Design of Concrete Stracturs__ [98] Technical Sei Ans. Given, P, = Axial working load = 1100 kN Size of column = 400 mm x 450 mm f= 25 Nimm? fy = 415 N/mm? Now, Pu = 0.4 fie Ag + 10.67 fy ~ 0.4 fix) Asc _ 1100 x 103 ~ 0.4 x 25 x 400 x 450 ae 0.67 415 -0.4 x 25 1100 x 10° — 180000 277.05 _ 920000 © 277.05 => Ac= => Acc => [As = 3320.70 mm?| Now, Provide 8 nos. of 25 mm ¢ bars Au provided = 8x4 x 252 = 3926.59 mm? + Lateral ties Dia. of lateral ties should not be less than @ + th of largest longitudinal bar = 7 25 = 6.25 mm (i) 6mm Provide 8 mm $ lateral ties, * Pitch (spacing) of lateral ties is the least of () Lateral dimension, i.e., 400 mm. i) 16 times the dia, ‘of longitudinal bars = 16 x 25 = 400 mm. iii) 48 times the dia, of lateral bars = 48 x 8 = 384 mm (iy) 300 mm dd @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAaulysisand Design of Concrete Structures {99} . Pitch = 300 mm. chnical Series . Provide 8 mm ¢ lateral ties @ spacing of 300 mm ee. smug of 25mm mm @ 308mm cf. 4 4 sv 6. (a) A 1.0 m wide cantilever chajja (small balcony) is constructed monolithically with a lintel over an opening 2.0 m wide garage door in a 230 mm thick brick wall (inclusive of plaster). The height of the door is 3.5 m and that of roof is 6.0 m. The weight of brick masonry is 195 kN/m‘, The LL on chajja is 1.5 kN/m? and the finish load may be taken as 0.6 kN/m®. Design the chajja and lintel. The materials used are M-20 conerete and Fe-415 steel: Ans. Given, Width of cantilevers chajja = 1m Width of garage door = 2m Thickness of brick wall = 230 mm Height of door = 3.5 m Height of roof = 6m Weight of brick masonry = 19.5 kN/m* LL on Chajja = 1.5 kN/m? FL on Chajja = 0.6 kN/m? Fa=@ 20 Nimm? Fy= 415 Nimm? @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnalysis and Design of Conrete Structues__[100] Technical Sey To design : Chajja & Lintel. © Design of chajja Consider a 1 m wide strip ne spon 4 ="7 x modification factor Consider modification factor, n= 1.78 { for pt = 0.2 & fs = 0.58; fy = 240.7 MPa} == i000 “7 x1.78 = 80.26 mm {Assume cover = 1.5 mm, 6= 10 m D=d+e+ ge 80.26 + 15 +Be 100.26 mm. Provide D= 110 mm d=119- 15-2 = 90 mm D=410 mm, d=90 mm Effective span L= 12 1000 +O 1045 mm = 1.045 m ad calculation and Bending Moment @) D.L. on slab = 0.110 x 1x 1x 25 = 2.75 kN/m Gi) LLonslab=1.5%1x1=1.5kNim (iii) FF on slab = 0.6 x 1x1=0.5 kN/im . Total load = 4.75 kN/m Factored load = Wd = 1,5 x 4.75 = 7.125 kN/m 2 BM = My = Wale _ 7.125 O48" — 9,89 kNim Check for depth Muax = Mu @ scanned with OKEN Scannerand Design of Concrete Structures (101) S 0,188 Fab (Aeega > 0,138 X 25 X 1000 x dreq? = 3.8.9 x 108 > dee = 33.58 mm As = 1051.24 mm? _ 1051.24 *=7000 x 138 te = 0.87 Nimm?> Cv =7.7x 10-8 Shear reinforcement is required. Vue =Vu—te bd : = 14.684 — 0.87 x 280 x 135 x:103 = 3195.5 kN : Adopt 6 nm 6 two legged stirrups @ 100 mm cle Check for development length — Development length = Lid’ ostive =476 Also, 1d<72MU1, 1 S 1.3 x.9.004%108] = 47.06< [2 agcodscro® i |e = $520.44 mm a 15.98 Fs=0.58 x 415 * 996,19 = 229-83 Mpa 4 MF 3116 4 dogpeeiee 92.88 < 195 mm (adopted) 4 CE Scanned with OKEN Scannerme pis and Design of Concrete Structures [105] Section is adequate. @ town de Cry g tlag ged pares Srey @ [-orsel, 20-Ya9 20h) Pom Fig. Detailing of lintel supporting chajja () Discuss the behaviour of concrete and HYSD steel under compression and tension. Ans. Behaviour of concrete and HYSD steel under compression and tension. Concrete + Concrete is good under compression but weak in tension. + Tensile stresses changes as a result of flexure, shrinkage & temperature changes, HYSD Steel ~ Steel is good under tension but weak in compression. ~ When steel's compressive strength is exceeded, the steel fail in brittle fashion. 7. Design a rectangular column for the following data : Ultimate axial load = 1000 kN Ultimate moment (about X-axis) at top bisecting depth of column = 30 kN-m Ultimate moment (about Y-axis) at to bisecting width of column = 10 kN-m @ scanned with OKEN Scannerlysis and Dein Concrete Srsturet [106] Technical Serieg Ultimate moment at bottom about 0 kN-m, Ultimate moment at bottom about Y-axis - 10 kN-m Unsupported length about X-axis = 6m Effective length about X-axis 4,8 m Unsupported length about Y-axis = 6 m Effective length about Y-axis = 4.8 m Width of column 300mm Effective cover = 50 mm Use M-25 concrete and Fe-415 steel The column is braced and bends into single curvature. (Sp-16 graphs shall be provided.) Ans. Given, Ultimate axial load = 1000 kN. Ultimate moment at top (X & Y)=30'kN.m & 10 kN.m Ultimate moment at Bottom (X & Y) = 20 kN.m & 10 kN-m Unsupported length (X-axis) = 6m Effective length (X-axis) = 4.8 m Unsupported length (Y-axis) = 6m Effective length (Y-axis) = 4.8 m_ Width of column = 300mm Effective cover = 50 mm f.=25 Nimm? f, = 415 Nimm? © 6 Column is slender about both axes. @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnipdsand Desimof Concrete Strutures__[107] ‘Technical Series From table 1 of SP:16, For ¥®= 14 eax = 0.098 x .300 = 29.4 mm ay = 0.098 x 300 = 29.4 mm _ 1000 x 29.4 _ 1000 =29.4kNm 1000 x 29.4 May =""1000 Pu Pu Rot, Ko p,.= Py Take, 3.28% reinforcement for first trial, . Hi = 828-9131 Pu 1. Rg =21 {chart 63, SP16) = 29.4kNm sl == LEB 500 _ 18900 KN Assume 25 mm @ bars with 50 mm cover. . £.30 0165.8 #_ Bh = 0.116 Now, Table ~ 60 of SP : 16, read the value of Ki & Ke Ki=0.194 Ko= 0.168 Pox = Pry = [Ki + Ke (P/fex)] fex - b, D = [0.194 + 0.168 (0,131) [25 x 300 x 300) 11000} = 486.018 kN Kx = Ky = [(18900 — 1000)/(18900 — 486.48)] = 0.97 @ scanned with OKEN Scannerisand Design of CnereteSructures__[108] Technical Seria Additional moments are modified as Max = 29.4 x 0.97 = 28.57 kNm May = 29.4 x 0.97 = 28.57 kNm As per Cl. 39.7.1 of IS 456 — 2000 = [10.6 x 30) — (0.4 x 10)] = 14 > (0.4 x 30)= 12 My = [10.6 x 20) — 10.4 x 10)] = 8 = 0.4.x 20)=8 Consider Mux = 14 Kn & My =8 kN m. Now, as per Cl. 25.4 of IS 456 : 2000, 6000 , 300 o= [£200 SY = 22 mm > 20 mm 6 301 o [220 += 22am > 20mm 1000 x 20 ¢ Mant nin =~ 49997 = 20 KN-m> 14 KN m 1000 20_ é Mayt nin =~ 4999 = 20 KN.m> 8 kN.m Total moment for which the column is to be designed are, Mas = 20 + 28.57 = 48.57.KN m May = 20 + 28.57 = 48.57 kN m Pu eee fa bd = \25 x 300x300) 7°44 From Ch—48 of SP-16 Mos =0:25 fer ba?’ Fx 25 x 300 x 3002) 10-6 = 168,75 kNm. Muyi =10,25 faba? = (0.25 x 25x 800 x 8002) 10-6 = 168,75 kNm (8.57 ie) = “i m 0,088 : Ge) = err i685" fae =| @ scanned with OKEN Scannerand Design of Concrete Structures {109} Technical Series From chart-64. Po 2 Mux For p= 0.053 & Man = 0.288 M Read the value of iy = 0.770.288 fay Section is safe but uneconomical. In second trail, area of reinforcement. may be reduced in the section & the various design steps are repeated until an economical section is obtained. Provide 12 bars of 25 mm diameter equally spaced on each face & lateral ties as per codal specification. 8. (a) Design a simply supported one-way slab as shown in the figure below az 10000 2307 230 4900 930 It is subjected to an’LL of 4 kN/m? and surface finish of 1kN/m?, Consider M-25 concrete and Fe-500 steel. Ans. Given, On way slab 10000 2304. 230 4000 230 @ scanned with OKEN Scannerdisand Design of Concrete Structures [110) Technica} i Stig Clear span = 4 m, width of wall = 230 mm : SF=1kN/m? : Fe K=25 Nimm?, fy = 500 N/mm? 4000 Depth of slab = "52" = P=" = 160 mm Assume a clear cover of 20 mm and 10 mm dia. bars as main reinforcement. Effective depth = d = 160 mm Overall depth = 160 + 20 +2 =185mm Effective Span It is the least of @ CIC support = a G) Clear span f eff. depth = 4+0.16= 4.16 m Effective span =1= 4.16 m 85x 25 = 4.625 kNim? Total load = 9.625 kN/m? Consider 1 m width of slab Design load or ultimate load (wu) = 9.625 x 1.5 = 14.4875 N/m? Ultimate Moments and shear forces Mates 14.4016 4.162 = 31,28 x 108N-mm Wal _ 14.4375 x 4.16 Won tg = aaa a AS 50.00 4N Pa @ scanned with OKEN Scannersand Design of Concrete Structures (111) Technical Series Limiting Moment « (Mu) lim = 0.138 fex bd? = 0,138 x 25 x 1000 x 1602 = 88.32 Nm > Mu . Slap is consider cd as under reinforced. Main Reinforcement : be Aa) Mu = 0.87 fy Act d (a fab 500 Ast, ~ 25 x 1000 x 160, 81.23 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 160 (1 81.28 x 108 = 21663 Ast~ 2.71 Ast? = 2.7 Ast? — 21663 Ast + 91.23 x 10° =0 = Ast = 1887.14 mm? Use 10 mm divided bars Epecing = 1000208 1000 x3 x 10? 1764.61 = 44.50 mm say 40 mm Spacing is least of @ 40mm (i) 8d =3x 160 = 480 mm (iii) 300 mm Spacing = 40 mm _* Provide 10 mm & bars at 40 mm c/o as main reinforcement. Distributors Ast =0.12% of groups area @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnshsisand Design of Conree Structures __ [112] Technical Sy, a oo x 1000 x 185 = 222 mm? Use § mm 6 bars x Ey ge patina, 00% 4X? SESCIE = SWRALY SS 222 226.42 mm say 220mm Spacing is the least of @ 220mm Gi) 54=5x 160=800 mm (ii) 450 mm Provide 8 mm & bars at 220 mm cle as main distributors, Check for shear Vu _ 30.03 x 10? | "bd ~ 1000 x 160 ~ 2-18 Ném? Ast provided = AMOx st 1000 xx 102 Dee AO. = 1963.49 Mm? % of reinforcement = 290% A = 100x1963.49 =" 1000% 160. = 122% From table 19, Pg 73 of IS 456 For 1.22% of steel % = 0.68 N/mm? Kt = 1.22 x 0.68 = 0.834 N/mm? > ty Safe. 4 = @ scanned with OKEN Scannerapupisend Din of Gonerete Structures [113] Technical Series Check for deflection 1) & 2) 9 Shove Kix Kx Ke G rss: Wyasic eae F, = 0.58 F; = 0.58 x 500 = 290 N/mm? Ki=0.9 (Fig 4) Ky= 1.5 (Fig. 5) IS 456 : 2000 Ke=1 (Fig. 5) () = 20 x 0.96 x 1.26 x 1=27 max 1) 4.16 L =a = 96 <27 G ‘provided O16 Safe 8 Jomn € 0 Mme Cle flee (b) Discuss the role of engineer, architects, user and builder in building planning design and construction. Ans, The role of engineer, architects, user and builder in building Planning design and construction are as fillout. Engineer > They inspect project drawings and designs, manage project ehedule and resources and perform cost calculation. hee @ scanned with OKEN ScannerTechnical Serieg They design the facility as per the ideas and requirements by. ‘the client with main focus on aesthetic, look and functionality, ‘User "> User of the building must know the principles behind the "design of the building and how these affects its operation, oo, Bander ae | _5 Builder is responsible for finding and hiring subcontractors ‘and individuals to complete the job. They need to manage equipment, material and other services, 9. (a) Design a reinforced concrete square footing for a ‘of section 400 mm x 400 mm which is subjected to a load of 1200 KN at service state. Consider : ‘Weight to soil= 18 kN/m? | Angle of repose = 30° Allowable BC of soil = 120 kN/m? ‘Use M-25 concrete and Fe-500 steel. @ scanned with OKEN Scannerani Design of Concrete Structures [116} ‘Technical Series Critical section for single shear occurs. at a distance of ‘d' from the face of the column. d= effective depth of footing. > Cantilever projection on longer side = = _ 40/2 = 1550mm Bex, Ps » Shorter side = 1550 mm + Factored shear force Vu = qu x (3500 x (1550 — d)) = 0.147 x (3500 x (1550 — d)) = 227.85 (1550-d) (1) Assume the % of reinforcement as 0.25 for M 25 concrete From Table 19 of IS 456 : 2000 1. = 0.36 Nimm? > One way shearing resistance, Vi = % bd = 0.36 x 3500 x d * =1260d + Q) Equate (1) & (2), 227.85 (1550 — d) = 12604 853167.5 — 227.85 d = 1260 d d= 237.36 mm ~ 240 mm (Say) Two way Punching shear Assuming the effective depth as 240 mm, find the two way shear resistance at critical section acting at a distance of d/2 from the face of column. >» Two way shearing forces, Vu2 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerAnais und Dein of Cont Structures [116] Technical Serieg is shee cis, Bree ied 2 et Vaz = qu [3500 x 3500 — (400 + 237.36) (400 + 237.36)] = 0.147 [12250000 - 406227.76] =1741034.51 N +3) Shear resistance, Veo = Kre 2(400 + d) + 2(400 + d)) d = 1x 1.25 (1600 + 24) d - = 2000 d+ 2.5 d2 = 0.25 Vf =0.25 x5=1.25 Now, equating (3) & (4) 1741034.51 = 2000 d +-2.5 d? => 25 d? + 2000 d—1741034.51=0 > d= 525.42 mm) say 530 mm ‘Two way shear is more critical Effective depth of footing = 530 mm Over all depth = 530 + 75 = 605 mm esign of Reinforcement m= 4 = 147 x 52 = 176,58 kN m. Now, Mi =0.87 6 Aa d[ 1 AS, 500 x Aw ) 176.58 x 10° = 0.87 x 500 x As x 530 ( ~ FB x 1000 x 530, @ scanned with OKEN Scannerssi Design cf Gonerete Strutures__[117] ‘Technical Series 176.58 x 10° 30550 Ast — 8.7 An? |, 8,7 Ae? 280550 Ax + 176.58 10 = 0 ‘An assumed = 0.25% 0.25. ‘As based on 0.25% = Ast ="J00 * 1000 x 530 = 1325 mm? A. = 1325 mm? Using 20 mn 6 bars, ‘i 1000 x} x 208 Spacing == 595 = 237.01 mm = 230 mm Provide 20 mm ¢ bars at 230 mm ¢/c in both direction. Check for SBC of Soil wt. of footing = 3.5 x 3.5 x 0.605 x 25 = 185.28 kN Total service load = 1200 +-185.28 = 1385.28 kN d — 1385.28 Total pressyre on soil = Toad Ear 118.08 KNim? <120 kN/m? Hence safe. armm gba @30emmcje I 24m § bay @ door fe ©) Determine moment of resistance of a beam section 300 ™m width and 500 mm effective depth, if it is @ scanned with OKEN Scannertnt Sucres__ 1118) Technical Serie 6 mmo bars: = jer M-25 concret, reinforced by 4-1 and Fe-415 steel. Con: Ans. Given, Width of beam = 300 mm Depth of beam = 500 mm Reinforcement = 4 bars of 16 mm $ f= 25 Nimm* f= 415 Nimm? Now, xulim =K.d = 0.48 d (Fe 415) bec 0.87 fy Act = 0,48 x 500 Now, X= 9.36 Fux b 40 mm| x 0.87 x 415 (ag x 16] iiccabear bes SS Pe 0.36 x 25 X 300 Xu = 107.54 mm| xu Under reinforced section. => Use xu to calculate MOR MOR = 0.36 fex bxu (d— 0.42 x4) = 0.36 x 25 x 300 x 107.54 (500 — 0.42 x 107.54) MOR = 132.06 kN m}. dd @ scanned with OKEN Scanner