Instruction

Instruction

APP pump instruction

APP pumps
APP 11 / APP 13 / APP 16 /
APP 11-13
APP 17 / APP 19and
/ APP APP
22 16-22

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hpp.danfoss.com
Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

Table of Contents 1. Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2. System design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Open-ended systems with direct water supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Preferred RO system design and P&ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Reversible pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.4 General comments on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3. Building up the pump unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.1 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Direction of rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4 Protection against too high outlet pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.5 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4. Initial start-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5. Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.1 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.2 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.3 Dry running. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.4 Disconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.5 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5.5.1 Recommended procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

6. Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.1 Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.2 Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.3 Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1. Identification
PUMP
Type APP 16 MADE IN DENMARK
Code no. 180BXXXX
Serial no. XXXXXXXX-XXX

Danfoss A/S, 6430 Nordborg, Denmark

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

2. System design The design of the system must ensure that 1. Place the filter (1) in the water supply line in
self-emptying of the pump during standstill is front of the pump.
avoided. 2. Place a monitoring pressure switch (3)
between filter and pump inlet - set at min.
The inlet pressure of the pump must never 2 barg (29 psig) inlet pressure. The
exceed the outlet pressure. This may typically monitoring pressure switch must stop the
occur in boosted or open-ended systems with pump at pressures lower than 2 barg
direct water supply. (29 psi g) inlet pressure.
3. Install a low pressure safety valve or a low
pressure relief valve (4) in order to avoid
2.1 Open-ended systems with direct system or pump damage in case the pump
water supply stops momentarily (high-pressure peaks) or
The pump is supplied with water direct from a starts spinning backwards.
feed pump.

In order to eliminate the risk of cavitation, a Note: If a non return valve (2) is mounted in the
positive inlet pressure of at least 2 barg (29 psig) inlet line, a low-pressure relief valve is also
is always to be maintained, but it must not required between non return valve and pump
exceed 5 barg (72.5 psig) continuously. as protection against high-pressure peaks.

1
2

3
PS

Inlet

Outlet

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

2.2 Preferred RO system design and P&ID pressure relief valve (9) in order to avoid
1. Dimension the inlet line to obtain mini- high-pressure peaks in case the pump
mum pressure loss (large flow, minimum stops momentarily or starts spinning
pipe length, minimum number of bends/ backwards.
connections, and fittings with small
pressure losses). 6. For easy system bleeding and flushing, a
bypass non-return valve (6) is integrated in
2. Place an inlet filter (1) in front of the APP the APP pump.
pump (2). Please consult the Danfoss filter
data sheet for guidance (521B1009) on how 7. A non-return valve (7) in outlet can be
to select the right filter. Thoroughly clean installed in order to avoid backspin of the
pipes and flush system prior to start-up. pump. The volume of water in the mem-
brane vessel works as an accumulator and
3. Place a monitoring pressure switch (3) set will send flow backwards in case of the
at min. inlet pressure between filter and pump stops momentarily.
pump inlet. The monitoring switch must
stop the pump at pressures lower than 8. A safety valve or a pressure relief valve (8)
minimum pressure. can be installed in order to avoid system
damage as the Danfoss APP pump creates
4. Use flexible hoses (4) to minimize vibrations pressure and flow immediately after
and noise. start-up, regardless of any counter
pressure.
5. In order to eliminate the risk of damage
and cavitation, a positive pressure at the Note: If a non-return valve is mounted in the
inlet (5) is always to be maintained at min. inlet line, a low-pressure relief valve is also
inlet pressure and max. inlet pressure. required between non return valve and pump
Recommend to install safety valve or a as protection against high-pressure peaks.

Media filter
M

PI
9 3 8
PI 1 PI 1 PI PT
Feed 2 7
PI
Permeate
4

PI
5 6
Fresh water
permeat flush
Brine

2.3 Reversible pumps 2.4 General comments on

If exposed to high pressure in the outlet while the
electric motor is not energized, the pump will start Filtration
spinning backwards. This will not harm the pump A good filtration is vital to ensure a long and
as long as the pressure in the inlet does not exceed trouble free life of the pump.
the max. pressure peak of 10 barg (145 psig).
As water has very low viscosity, the APP pumps
If a non-return valve is mounted in the inlet line, have been designed with very narrow clearance
a low-pressure relief valve is also required as in order to control internal leakage rates and
protection against high-pressure pulses and high improve component performance. Therefore it is
pressure in general. important that the inlet water is filtered properly
to minimize the wear of the pump.
Alternatively a high-pressure check valve can be
mounted in the pump discharge line to prevent The main filter must have a filtration efficiency of
the pump from reversing. 99.98% at 10 µm. We recommend to use
precision depth filter cartridges rated 10 µm abs.
The dotted setup ensures that the inlet pressure ß10 ≥ 5000 (equivalent to a filtration efficiency of
does not exceed 10 barg (145 psig), when a 99.98%). Bag filters and string wounded filter
non-return valve is mounted in the inlet. cartridges typically have only 50% filtration
efficiency. This means that for each 100,000
Attention: In order to avoid the risk of cavita- particles reaching the filter, 50,000 particles pass
tion, the inlet pressure at the pump must be through it compared to only 20 particles in a
min. 2 barg (29 psig). filter with an efficiency of 99.98%.
The inlet line connection must be properly
tightened, as possible entrance of air will cause
cavitation.

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

For more information on the importance of Monitoring

proper filtration, please consult our data sheet It is recommended to continuously monitor the
“Filtration” (521B1009), which also will provide following conditions:
you with an explanation of filtration definitions • filter clogging
and a guidance on how to select the right filter. • pressure (inlet- and outlet side of the pump)

3. Building up the 3.1 Mounting

pump unit
3-5 mm (0.12-0.2 inch)

A: Elastic coupling
B: Bell housing
C: Motor shaft
D: Pump flange

1: Bolts and nuts: torque 75 Nm ± 5 Nm

2: Bolts and nuts: torque 40 Nm ± 4 Nm
3: Torque see table below
1

3
2

C
1

Thread M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16

size
Torque 1.5 2 4.8 10 17 40 80
(Nm)

1. Mount the coupling flush or maximum 6. Adjust respectively, verify the measure-
1 mm offset from the pump shaft end. ment, and secure both couplings with the
Ensure an air gap between coupling parts right torques on the locking screws (see
of 3-5 mm (0.12-0.2 inch). coupling operation & mounting instruc-
2. Mount the bell housing on pump. Secure tion).
nuts with the right torque. 7. Mount the elastic gear ring and mount the
3. Measure the longest distance “A” from top bell housing/pump on the motor. After
of bell housing to the button of coupling mounting it must be possible to move the
claw. elastic gear ring 3-5 mm (0.12 - 0.2 inch)
4. Mount the coupling on motor shaft. Ensure axial “C”. The check can be done through
the coupling and motor flange are not in the inspection hole of bell housing. Secure
contact with each other. flange bolts with the right torque.
5. Measure from motor flange to the top of
the coupling. That measurement “B” shall
be 3-5 mm (0.12 - 0.2 inch) shorter than the
measurement “A”.

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

If alternative mounting is desired, please contact

Danfoss High Pressure Pumps.

Choose proper tolerances to ensure an easy

mounting of the elastic coupling without use of
tools.

Please take care to observe the recommended

length tolerances of the chosen coupling, as an
axial force on the pump will damage the pump.

3.2 Direction of rotation

Is indicated by means of an arrow on the pump
label.

PUMP
Type APP 16 MADE IN DENMARK
Code no. 180BXXXX
Serial no. XXXXXXXX-XXX

Danfoss A/S, 6430 Nordborg, Denmark

3.3 Orientation
The pump can be mounted/orientated in any
horizontal direction with the inlet and the outlet
pointing upwards, downwards or to either side.

CC C
C

C - Bleeding
C
C
CC

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

3.4 Protection against too high Both the inlet and outlet lines must be flexible
outlet pressure soft hoses.
The pump should be protected against too high
outlet pressure by means of a safety valve or a The valve outlet must not be connected
pressure relief valve. The valve should be placed directly to the pump suction line. It must be
as close to the pump as possible. The opening connected directly to the drain.
characteristics of the valve must not result in
peak pressures higher than 80 barg (1160 psig).

Inlet

Inlet

Outlet
Outlet

3.5 Connections

I : Inlet C
O : Outlet
C : Bleeding I
D : Parallel key

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

APP 11 - APP 13

Description APP 11 - APP 13 Accessories Type Code no.

2” inlet hose kit 2” Victaulic 180Z0298
2 m / 79”
Parallel key, mm 10 × 8 × 45
DIN 6885 2” inlet Vic. 2” Victaulic 180Z0166
inch 0.39 × 0.31 × 1.77 Super Duplex
Bleeding G ¼”, Hexagon AF = 6 mm Non-return 1,5” Victaulic 180H0053
valve (outlet) (OD 48.3 mm)
Inlet port M42 x 1.5; depth 17 mm Super Duplex
Outlet port M42 x 1.5; depth 17 mm
For more details on the accessories, please
Pump mounting 125 B 4
flange contact Danfoss High Pressure Pumps.

APP 16 – APP 22

Description APP 16 – APP 22 Accessories Type Code no.

2” inlet hose 2” Victaulic 180Z0298
kit 2 m/79”
Parallel key, mm 12 × 8 × 70
DIN 6885 2” inlet Vic. 2” Victaulic 180Z0165
In 0.47 × 0.31 × 2.76 Super Duplex
Bleeding G ¼”, Hexagon AF = 6 mm Non-return 2” Victaulic 180H0256
valve (outlet) (OD 63 mm)
Inlet port M52 x 1.5; depth 21 mm Super Duplex
Outlet port M52 x 1.5; depth 21 mm
Pump mounting 125 B 4 For more details on the accessories, please
flange contact Danfoss High Pressure Pumps.

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

4. Initial start-up 1. Flush inlet line before connecting the Warning:

pump, to remove possible impurities from Make sure that the direction of rotation of the
pipes, hoses etc. electric motor corresponds to the direction of
2. Connect pump inlet to inlet line and flush rotation of the pump (see label on pump).
the pump for 5 min. by means of the Otherwise the pump will be damaged if a
internal flushing valve, to remove possible check valve is placed between pump and feed
impurities from pipes, hoses etc. pump.
3. Loosen top bleeding plug “C” (see item 3.3)
using an allen key (only plugs with internal
hexagan sockets). Retighten the plug,
when water appears from the bleeding
plug.
4. Make sure that the direction of rotation of
the electric motor corresponds to the
direction of rotation of the pump (see label
on pump).
5. Now the pump is ready for start-up.

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

5. Operation 5.1 Temperature The chart below illustrates the corrosive

resistance of different types of stainless steel
Fluid temperature: related to NaCl concentration and temperature.
Min. +2° C to max. +50° C
(Min. +35.6° F to max. +122° F) The APP water pump is made of Duplex and
Super Duplex. If the water pump is operated
Ambient temperature: above the Super Duplex line, always flush water
Min. +2°C to max. +50°C pump with fresh water at operation stop in order
(Min. +35.6°F to max. +122°F) to minimise the risk of crevice corrosion.

In case of lower operating temperatures, please

contact the Danfoss High Pressure Pumps.

80 º C Duplex
70
Super Duplex
60

50
316L
40

30

20 -
100 1000 10 000 100 000 CI
ppm
160 1600 16000 160000 NaCI
ppm

5.2 Pressure 5.5 Storage

The inlet pressure for APP 11-13 and APP 16-22
must be min. 2 barg (29 psig) and max. 5 barg Storage temperature:
(72.5 psig). Min. -40°C to max. +70°C
(Min. -40°F to max. +158°F)
At lower pressures the pump will cavitate,
resulting in damage of the pump. When preparing the pump for long-term storage
or for temperatures below the freezing point,
Max. inlet pressure peak (e.g. in case the pump flush the pump with an anti-freeze medium type
stops momentarily) up to 10 barg (145 psig) are monopropylene glycol to prevent internal
acceptable. corrosion or frost in the pump.

Max. pressure on the pump’s outlet line should For further information on anti-freeze media,
be limited at 80 barg (1160 psig) continuously. please contact Danfoss High Pressure Pumps.
NB: The pump unit should include a pressure
gauge on the high-pressure side.
5.5.1 Recommended procedure
1. Disconnect the water supply to the pump.
5.3 Dry running 2. Through the lower bleeding plug, empty
When running, the pump must always be the pump housing of water and close it
connected to the water supply in order to avoid again.
damage if it should run dry. 3. Connect the pump to a tank containing
anti-freeze additive. Connect a hose to the
inlet port of the pump and via another
5.4 Disconnection hose return the flow from the outlet port to
If the inlet line is disconnected from the water the tank with anti-freeze additives.
supply, the pump will be emptied of water 4. Quickly start and stop the pump. Make
through the disconnected inlet line. When sure that the pump does not run dry.
starting up again, follow the bleeding procedure The pump is now protected against
described under section 4: Initial start up. internal corrosion and frost.

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Instruction | APP 11-13 and APP 16-22

Storage:
Storage of pump that have been in operation:
For shorter periods of storage flush the pump
with permeate rotating the pump for 10 sec.,
empty permeate and store.
For long term storage (more than 2 months)
Danfoss recommends sevicing the product and
clean any biological growth of the surfaces. Store
the pump dry without water inside.

6. Service 6.1 Warranty

Danfoss APP pumps are designed for long Stand still
operation, low maintenance and reduced The APP pumps are made of Duplex/Super
lifecycle costs. Duplex materials with excellent corrosion
properties. It is however, always recommended
Provided that the pump has been running to flush the pump with freshwater when the
according to the Danfoss specifications, Danfoss system is shut down.
guarantees 8,000 hours service-free operation, When stopping the pump for more than 1 day
however, max 18 months from date of produc- flush the pump with permeate by rotating the
tion. pump for 10 sec. Flushing through the flushing
valve of the pump without rotating the pump is
If Danfoss recommendations concerning not enough for cleaning the inside of the pump.
system-design are not followed, it will strongly The pump can flushed with biocide like the
influence the life of the APP pumps. membranes. The biocide must be compatible
with the materials used in our pump (materials
can be found in the parts list in the Operating
6.2 Maintenance guide).
After 8,000 hours of operation it is strongly
recommended to inspect the pump and change
any worn parts, e.g. pistons and shaft seal. This is 6.3 Repair
done in order to prevent a potential breakdown In case of irregular function of the APP, please
of the pump. If the parts are not replaced, more contact Danfoss High Pressure Pumps.
frequent inspection is recommended according
to our guidelines.

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Danfoss A/S
High Pressure Pumps
Nordborgvej 81
DK-6430 Nordborg
Denmark

© Danfoss | DCS (im) | 2019.10 180R9223 | 521B1184 | DKCFN.PI.013.T3.02 | 12