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Compensation of voltage sag using DVR with PI controller

Conference Paper · March 2016

DOI: 10.1109/ICEEOT.2016.7755068

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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

Compensation of Voltage Sag Using DVR with PI

Controller
Bibhu Prasad Ganthia Samprati Mohanty
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology
Sarang, Dhenkanal, India Sarang, Dhenkanal, India
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]

Prashanta Kumar Rana Preeti Kumari Sahu

School of Electrical Science Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology National Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, India Rourkela, Odisha, India
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract— A power quality problem is an occurrence which and will be transmitted to lower voltage systems through
depicted as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that transformers. Voltage sags can developed within an industrial
results in a failure or a dis-functioning of end use equipments system without any influence from the Utility system. These
causing a havoc to system performance .The aim therefore, sags are highly caused due to starting of large motors or due to
in this work to maintain a proper voltage profile by mitigation
of sag due to faults in power system occurred due to several
the electrical faults inside the facility. There are some major
reasons like energizing of heavy loads, transformers, induction reasons for voltage sags in network like Different types of
motors, bad weather, insulation breakdown ,closing & reclosing faults, suddenly energizing high loads, Energizing large
of circuit breakers. In this paper compensation of voltage sag is induction motors and due to high inrush current by energizing
studied in various faults and minimize the total harmonic large transformers.
distortion in the transmission line.
III. DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER (DVR)
Keywords— DVR; compensation; PI controller and THD DVR is a compensator which is connected in series with a
I. INTRODUCTION voltage source converter and designed to protect sensitive
The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is an effective instruments like adjustable speed drives and Programmable
method of power device for the enhancement of power Logic Controllers (PLCs) etc from voltage sag and swell.
quality and protection of sensitive load with its quick response Its main function is to control the load voltage by injecting
, high reliability and nominal cost by compensating deep missing voltage in case of sag/swell. The basic principle of the
voltage sags, voltage unbalances and harmonics efficiently. dynamic voltage restorer is to introduce a voltage of required
DVR is a forced commutated voltage source converter that magnitude and frequency, so that it can restore the secondary
injects a dynamically controlled voltage which is in series side voltage to the required waveform and amplitude even
with the supply voltage by injection transformer or three when the source voltage is unbalanced or distorted. Generally,
single-phase transformers for correcting the load voltage. A it uses a gate turn off thyristor (GTO) which must be solid state
control system based on PI technique, which is a scaled error power electronic switch with a PWM inverter configuration.
between source side of the DVR and its reference for sag
correction is used. The simulation results showing the DVR IV. BASIC CONFIGURATION OF DVR
performance in unbalanced voltages and fault conditions in the The general configuration of the DVR consists of the
system has been presented using Matlab/Simulink. energy storage unit, Series injection transformer, inverter
circuit and a filter unit.
II. VOLTAGE SAG
A Voltage Sag as explained by IEEE Standard 1159-
1995, IEEE suggested Practice for Monitoring Electric
Power Quality, which reduce the RMS voltage within the
duration from 0.5 cycles to 1 minute at the power frequency,
reported as the remaining voltage. At both transmission and
distribution voltages, voltage sag can occur on the utility
systems. Voltage sags which generally takes place at higher
voltages will normally spread throughout the utility system Fig. 1. Structure of Dynamic Voltage Restorer

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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

A specially designed transformer that is Booster/Injection Here in the figure 3 shows the equivalent circuit of the
transformer which attempts to limit the transient energy from DVR, when the source voltage rises or drops, the DVR
primary side to secondary side and noise coupling The injects a series voltage through the injection/booster
purpose of storage devices is to supply the necessary energy to transformer to maintain the desired load voltage.
the VSC through a dc link for the generation of injected
voltages. Superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) VII. COMPENSATION OF VOLTAGE SAG USING DVR
are the energy storage devices, batteries and capacitance. The WITH PI CONTROLLER
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) from the energy storage A proportional-integral (PI) controller runs the system or
unit converts the dc voltage to a controllable three phase plant to be controlled by a weighted sum of the error which is
ac voltage. The inverter switches are basically fired by a difference between the actual sensed output and desired set-
sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. The point and the integral of that value. The integral term of PI
non-linear characteristics of semiconductor devices present in controller causes the steady-state error to be zero for a step
the inverter result in distorted waveforms associated with input. The actuating input signal of PI controller is the
harmonics at the output side of inverter. A high quality difference between Vset and Vt shown in the schematic
energy supply, filter unit is used to overcome this problem. diagram of PI controller. Output of the controller block is in
the form of an angle δ, which introduces additional phase-
V. LOCATION OF DVR lag/lead in the three-phase voltages. The controller output
The location of DVR, in terms of the connection when compared at Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal
arrangement installed in series in between the load and the generator results in the desired firing sequence. The
distribution transformer. modulated angle is applied to the PWM generators. The
sinusoidal signal control voltage is phase modulated by using
the angle δ and the modulated three-phase voltages are given
by:
VA = 1*Sin (ωt +δ) (1)
VB= 1*Sin(ωt+δ+2π/3) (2)
VC = 1*Sin (ωt +δ+4π/3) (3)

VIII. MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL

This project is aimed to mitigate the voltage sag occurred
in load voltage profile due to occurrence of single L-G fault in
system. A PI control technique based control scheme with a
series compensating device named DVR is used

Fig. 2. Typical location of DVR

VI. PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION

The DVR is forced commutated voltage source
converter which injects a dynamically controlled voltage
(VDVR) in series to the bus voltage by means of a booster
transformer. The developed amplitudes of the three injected
phase voltage caused by transient disturbances in the ac
feeder which compensated by the converter and injected on
the medium voltage level through the booster transformer.

Fig. 3. Operation of DVR Fig. 4. Simulink model of test system with DVR implemented

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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

In figure 4 simulink model of the test system is shown IX. SIMULATION RESULTS
where DVR compensation technique with PI-Controller
scheme is been introduced for mitigation the voltage sag
occurring due to single line to ground fault at load.

Fig. 5. Simulink model of Control unit

Fig.9. Simulink result of Error Modulator scope

Fig. 6. Simulink model of Error modulator

Fig.10. Simulink result of Control scope

Fig. 7. Simulink model of Phase Modulator

Fig.11. Trigger pulse generated from PWM generator

Fig. 8. Simulink model of injection and filtering unit Fig.12. LG sagged 1-ph voltage profile

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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

Fig.13. L-G sagged 3-ph voltage profile

Fig.19. LLL sagged 3-ph voltage profile

Fig.14. FFT analysis(without compensation)/LG -fault

Fig.20. FFT analysis (without compensation)

Fig.15. FFT analysis(with DVR compensation)/LG –fault

Fig.21. FFT analysis(with compensation-LLL)

Fig.16. LL sagged 3-ph voltage profile

Fig.22. LLG sagged 3-ph voltage profile

Fig.17. FFT analysis(without compensation)

Fig.23. FFT analysis (without compensation)

Fig.18. FFT analysis (with compensation-LL) Fig.24. FFT analysis (with compensation-LLG)

978-1-4673-9939-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE

 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

load in distribution networks and thus highly improving

the power quality of the system. This research has studied
the characterization of voltage unbalances and its impact with
special attention on PI control based mitigation techniques. In
order to protect critical loads from more severe faults in the
distribution network, the series connected voltage source
converter known as Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is more
suitable and satisfactory. Being reliable and cost effective, it
Fig.25. LLLG sagged 3-ph voltage profile
was adopted to be the optimal solution for the compensation
of voltage. The highly developed graphics facilities
available in MATLAB/SIMULINK were used to carry out
extensive simulation studies on DVR. The control scheme
used is PI-controller technique. The voltage fluctuation and
power outage can be reduce employing the DVR (a series
connected custom power protection device) which protects the
precision manufacturing process and highly sensitive
electronic equipment. Therefore, DVR is considered to be an
effective method due to its small size, low cost and fast
Fig.26. FFT analysis (without compensation-LLLG) dynamic response. The simulation results show the
performance of a DVR in mitigating different faulty
conditions. The DVR can handles both balanced and
unbalanced conditions easily and injects the appropriate
voltage components to correct rapidly the supply voltage to
keep the load voltage constant and balanced at the nominal
value. Also DVR is able to reduce the level of THD in the
case of networks which are connected to the harmonic
generated load.
Fig.27. FFT analysis (with compensation-LLLG)
References
The FFT analysis of above figure shows the relative
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978-1-4673-9939-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE

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