AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE 6

1 Write the formula of the following substances.

a) sulfur trioxide ü SO3 e) graphene ü C

b) sulfur ü S8 f) sodium sulfate ü Na2SO4

c) iodine ü I2 g) barium nitrate ü Ba(NO3)2

d) potassium iodide ü KI h) copper ü Cu (4)

2 Write an ionic equation for each of these reactions. (3)

a) redox reaction between solutions of bromine and potassium iodide to form iodine and potassium bromide

ü Br2 + 2I– ® 2Br– + I2 (1)

b) precipitation of silver(I) chloride when solutions of silver nitrate and potassium chloride are mixed

ü Ag+ + Cl– ® AgCl (1)

c) acid-base reaction between sulfuric acid and ammonia

ü H+ + NH3 ® NH4+ (1)

3 a) Calculate the concentration (in mol dm–3) of a solution containing 25.0 g of sodium hydroxide in 200 cm3 of
solution.
𝟐𝟓.𝟎
ü moles NaOH = = 0.625
𝟒𝟎.𝟎
𝟎.𝟔𝟐𝟓
ü concentration NaOH = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 = 3.13 mol dm–3 (2)
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

b) What mass of solute must be taken to prepare 100 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide?
𝟏𝟎𝟎
ü moles KOH = x 0.100 = 0.0100
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

ü mass KOH = 0.0100 x 56.1 = 0.561 g (3)

4 What volume of 0.100 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid would neutralise 25.0 cm3 of 0.160 mol dm-3 sodium
hydroxide?
HCl + NaOH ® NaCl + H2O
𝟐𝟓.𝟎
ü moles NaOH = x 0.160 = 0.00400
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

ü moles HCl = 0.00400

𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟎
ü volume HCl = = 0.0400 dm3 (3)
𝟎.𝟏𝟎𝟎

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5 500 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid (10.0 mol dm-3) has been spilled and needs to be neutralised. What
mass of calcium carbonate would be needed to neutralise it?

2 HCl + CaCO3 ® CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

𝟓𝟎𝟎
ü moles HCl = x 10.0 = 5.00
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏
ü moles CaCO3 = 5.00 x 𝟐 = 2.50
ü mass CaCO3 = 2.50 x 100.1 = 250 g (3)

6 What is the concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution given that 20.8 cm3 of 0.0500 mol dm-3 sulfuric acid
neutralises 25.0 cm3 of it?
H2SO4 + 2NaOH ® Na2SO4 + H2O
𝟐𝟎.𝟖
ü moles H2SO4 = x 0.0500 = 0.00104
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

ü moles NaOH = 2 x 0.00104 = 0.00208

𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟖
ü concentration NaOH = 𝟐𝟓.𝟎 = 0.0832 mol dm–3 (3)
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

7 4.29 g of crystalline sodium carbonate (Na2CO3.xH2O) was made up to 250 cm3 of aqueous solution. 25.00 cm3
of this solution required 15.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 HCl for neutralisation. Calculate x, the number of molecules
of water associated with each Na2CO3 unit.
𝟏𝟓.𝟎
ü moles HCl = x 0.200 = 0.00300
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏
ü moles Na2CO3.xH2O in each titraton = 0.00300 x 𝟐 = 0.00150
ü moles Na2CO3.xH2O in solution = 10 x 0.00150 = 0.0150
𝟒.𝟐𝟗
ü Mr = = 286
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟖𝟎
ü Mr xH2O = 286 – 106 = 180 x = = 10.0 = 10 (nearest integer) (5)
𝟏𝟖.𝟎

8 What volume of 0.00250 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise 50.0 cm3 of 0.00100 mol dm-3
barium hydroxide?
𝟓𝟎.𝟎
ü moles Ba(OH)2 = x 0.00100 = 5.00 x 10–5
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

ü moles HCl = 2 x 5.00 x 10–5 = 1.00 x 10–4

𝟏.𝟎𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎&𝟒
ü volume HCl = = 0.0400 dm3 (3)
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟎

9 Soda lime is 85.0% sodium hydroxide and 15.0% calcium oxide (percentages by mass). What volume of 0.500
mol dm-3 nitric acid is needed to neutralise 2.50 g of soda lime?
NaOH + HNO3 ® NaNO3 + H2O CaO + 2 HNO3 ® Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
𝟖𝟓
ü mass NaOH = x 2.50 = 2.125 g mass of CaO = 0.375 g
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐.𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟎.𝟑𝟕𝟓
ü moles NaOH = 𝟒𝟎.𝟎
= 0.0531 moles CaO = 𝟓𝟔.𝟏
= 0.00668

ü moles HNO3 to neutralise NaOH = 0 .0531

ü moles HNO3 to neutralise CaO = 2 x 0.00668 = 0.0134
ü total moles HNO3 to neutralise NaOH and CaO = 0.0531 + 0.0134 = 0.0665
𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟓
ü volume HNO3 = 𝟎.𝟓𝟎𝟎
= 0.133 dm3 (6)

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 10 1 mole of a hydrocarbon of formula CnH2n was burned completely in oxygen producing carbon dioxide and water
vapour only. It required 192 g of oxygen. Work out the formula of the hydrocarbon.
𝟏𝟗𝟐
ü moles O2 = = 6.00
𝟑𝟐.𝟎
𝟑𝒏
ü CnH2n + O2 ® 𝒏 CO2 + 𝒏 H2O
𝟐
𝟑𝒏
ü =𝟔 \𝒏=4
𝟐
ü C4H8 (4)

11 A student did an experiment to find what mass of calcium carbonate there was in an indigestion tablet. She
crushed up a tablet and added an excess of hydrochloric acid (25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 HCl). She then titrated
the excess acid against 0.500 mol dm-3 NaOH, requiring 30.6 cm3 of the NaOH. Calculate the mass of CaCO3
in the tablet.
𝟑𝟎.𝟔
ü moles NaOH in back titration = x 0.500 = 0.0153
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

ü moles leftover HCl after reaction of tablet = 0.0153

𝟐𝟓.𝟎
ü moles HCl added to tablet at start = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
x 1.00 = 0.0250
ü moles HCl reacting with tablet = 0.0250 – 0.0153 = 0.00970
𝟏
ü moles CaCO3 in tablet = 0.00970 x 𝟐 = 0.00485
ü mass CaCO3 in tablet = 0.00485 x 100.1 = 0.485 g (6)

Area Strength To develop Area Strength To develop Area Strength To develop

Done with care and thoroughness Can work out formula mass Write formulae (ionic)

Good SPG Uses moles with mass Write formulae (other)

Shows full working Uses moles with solutions Write ionic equations

Explanations are clear Can do simple solution calculations Use ionic equations to find molar ratio

Convert units Can do complex solution calculations

Appropriate sig figs or place value Can do back titration calculations

Gives units when appropriate Can do complex ideal gas calculations

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