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Section 6‐2
Applications of Normal Distributions
NONSTANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
If 0 or 1 (or both), we will convert
values to standard scores using the formula
then procedures for working with all normal
distributions are the same as those for the
standard normal distribution.
NOTE: We will round z scores to 2 decimal
places.
FINDING AREAS WITH NONSTANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS WITH TABLE A‐2
1. Sketch a normal curve, label the mean and
the specific values, then shade the region
corresponding to the desired probability.
2. For each relevant value that is a
boundary for the shaded region, use the
formula to convert the value to a z score.
3. Refer to Table A‐2 to find the area of the
shaded region. This area is the desired
probability.
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FINDING AREAS WITH NONSTANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS WITH TI‐83/84
To find the area between two values, press
2nd VARS (for DIST) and select 2:normalcdf(.
Then enter the two values separated by a comma
followed by another comma, the mean, a comma,
and then the standard deviation.
To find the area between 58 and 80 when 63.6
and 2.5, your calculator display should look
like:
normalcdf(58,80,63.6,2.5)
FINDING AREAS WITH NONSTANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS WITH TI‐84 NEW OS
To find the area between two values, press
2nd VARS (for DIST) and select 2:normalcdf(. Then
enter the two values separated by a comma followed
by another comma, the mean, a comma, and then the
standard deviation.
To find the area
between 58 and 80
when 63.6 and
2.5, your
calculator display
should look like:
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CAUTIONS
• Don’t confuse z scores and areas. Remember
z scores are distances along the horizontal
scale, but areas are regions under the
normal curve. Table A‐2 list z scores in the
left columns and across the top row, but areas
are found in the body of the table.
• Choose the correct (right/left) side of the
graph. A value separating the top 10% from
the others will be on the right side of the graph,
but a value separating the bottom 10% will be
on the left side of the graph.
CAUTIONS (CONCLUDED)
• A z score must be negative whenever it is
located on the left half of the normal
distribution.
• Areas (or probabilities) are positive or zero
values, but they are never negative.
FINDING VALUES FROM KNOWN
AREAS USING TABLE A‐2
1. Sketch a normal distribution curve, enter the
given probability or percentage in the
appropriate region of the graph, and identify
value(s) being sought.
2. Use Table A‐2 to find the z score corresponding
to the cumulative left area bounded by .
3. Use the formula, enter values for , , and the z
score, then solve for . Note that the formula can
be rewritten as:
·
4. Refer to the sketch of the curve to verify that the
solution makes sense in the context of the graph
and in the context of the problem.
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FINDING VALUES FROM KNOWN
AREAS USING TI‐83/84
To find the value corresponding to a known area,
press 2nd VARS (for DIST) and select
3:invNorm(. Then enter the total area to the left
of the value, the mean, and the standard
deviation.
To find the value corresponding to 0.3786, a
cumulative area to the left, when 10 and
2, your calculator display should look like:
invNorm(.3786,10,2)
FINDING VALUES FROM KNOWN
AREAS USING TI‐84 NEW OS
To find the value corresponding to a known area, press
2nd VARS (for DIST) and select 3:invNorm(. Then
enter the total area to the left of the value, the mean,
and the standard deviation.
To find the value
corresponding to 0.3786,
a cumulative area to the
left, when 10 and
2, your calculator
display should look like:
