PROJECT-ELECTROMAGNETIC

ENGINE
BY-TUSHAR SHARMA
YUVRAJ YADAV
ADITYA SAMAL
TARUN SINGH
ABSTRACTS

 The main objective of our project to design and construct an electrically operated engine i.e.
Electromagnetic Engine. Our engine is totally different from ordinary IC Engine, because of the
inventory advancement in operating principles.
 We have changed the operating principle of IC Engine by using electromagnetic effect instead of
combustion of fossil fuels. This engine works on the principle of magnetic repulsion between two
magnets.
 This electromagnetic engine consists of two magnets, one of them is an Electromagnet and other one is a
Permanent Magnet. Permanent Magnet acts as piston and Electromagnet is located at the top of the
cylinder instead of spark plug and valve arrangement in IC Engines. In this way this engine does not
contain any spark plug and fuel injection system.
 The Electromagnet is energized by a battery source of suitable voltage and the polarities of
electromagnet are set in such a way that it will repel the permanent magnet i.e. piston from TDC to BDC,
which will result in the rotary motion of crank shaft. When the piston is at BDC the supply of
Electromagnet is discontinued, the permanent magnet which was repelled to BDC will come back to its
initial position i.e. TDC. This procedure completes one revolution of crank shaft i.e. our output work. The
total power supplied by battery will be just to fulfill the copper losses of winding and power required to
magnetize the windings.
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE

 An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is

produced by the flow of electric current. The magnetic field disappears
when the current is turned off. Electromagnets are widely used as
components of other electrical devices, such as motors, generators,
relays, loudspeakers, hard disks, MRI machines, scientific instruments,
and magnetic separation equipment, as well as being employed as
industrial lifting electromagnets for picking up and moving heavy iron
objects like scrap iron.
 A simple electromagnet consisting of a coil of insulated wire wrapped
around an iron core. The strength of magnetic field generated is
proportional to the amount of current.
CONT.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENGINE
1. Energy efficiency: Electric motors are more energy efficient than combustion engines,
with energy conversion rates of up to 98%. This means they convert almost all the
energy they consume into mechanical work.
2. Environmentally friendly: Electric motors produce no emissions, making them
environmentally friendly.
3. Low maintenance: Electric motors have fewer moving parts than combustion engines,
so they require less maintenance.
4. High torque at low speeds: Electric motors produce high torque even at low speeds,
making them ideal for starting and stopping heavy machinery.
5. Quiet operation: Electric motors operate quietly, making them suitable for use in
residential and commercial settings.
ELECROMAGNATIC PRINCIPLE
The electromagnetic engine working principle is based up on magnetism. Any magnet has
two poles, they are North pole and South pole. As per the principle, Like poles repel each
other and the unlike poles attracts each other. Like poles repel but opposite poles attract
each other. Electrons in the atoms of magnets spin around the nucleus mostly in one
direction, this is how the two poles are created. The magnetic force flows from the north
pole to the south pole of the magnet.
COMPONENTS

 CYLINDER
Electromagnetic engine uses only magnets for its operation. The cylinder must take care of unwanted
magnetic field and other losses further cylinder material itself should not get attracted to the magnet
and resist the movement of the piston.
 PISTON
The hollow piston casing is made up of non-magnetic stainless steel, titanium or similar materials of
high resistivity and low electrical conductivity. Alternatively, piston casing can also be made up of
non-metallic, thermal resistant materials as well or can be made by integrating both non-magnetic and
non-metallic materials.
 CONNECTING ROD
In a reciprocating engine, the connecting rod is used to connect the piston to the crankshaft. This
converts the linear motion or reciprocating motion of the piston to the circular motion of the
crankshaft. The material of the connecting rod is cast iron and the magnetic fields are contained inside
the cylinder and the connecting rod will not be affected much. so, the connecting rod is same as that of
an Internal combustion engine. Hence, no modification is required.
CONT.

 ELECTROMAGNET
An electromagnetic coil is formed when an insulated solid copper wire is wound around a
core or form to create an inductor or electromagnet. When electricity is passed through a
coil, it generates a magnetic field. One loop of wire is usually referred to as a turn or a
winding and a coil consists of one or more turns. For use in an electronic circuit, electrical
connection terminals called taps are often connected to a coil. Coils are often coated with
varnish or wrapped with insulating tape to provide additional insulation and secure them in
place. A completed coil assembly with one or more set of coils and taps is often called the
windings.
 BATTERY
Where high values of load current are necessary, the lead-acid cell is the type most
commonly used. The electrolyte is a dilute solution of sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄). In the
application of battery power to start the engine in an auto mobile, for example, the load
current to the starter motor is typically 200 to 400A One cell has a nominal output of 2.1V,
but lead-acid cells are often used in a series combination of three for a 6-V battery and six
for a 12-V battery.
CONT.

 LED
Light emitting diode (LED) is basically a P-N junction semiconductor diode particularly
designed to emit visible light. There are infrared emitting LEDs which emit invisible light.
The LEDs are now available in many colours red, green and yellow. A normal LED emits at
2.4V and consumes MA of current. The LEDs are made in the form of flat tiny P-N
junction enclosed in a semi-spherical dome made up of clear coloured epoxy resin. The
dome of a LED acts as a lens and diffuser of light. The diameter of the base is less than a
quarter of an inch. The actual diameter varies somewhat with different makes. The common
circuit symbols for the LED are shown in Fig. It is similar to the conventional rectifier
diode symbol with two arrows pointing out. There are two leads- one for anode and the
other for cathode.
FABRICATION and WORKING

 The working of the electromagnetic engine is based on the principle of magnetism. A magnet
has two poles a north pole and a south pole. Magnetism is a class of physical phenomenon
that includes forces exerted by magnets on other magnets. By principle of magnetism, when
like poles of a magnet is brought together they repel away from each other. When unlike
poles are brought near each other they attract. This is same for the case of an electromagnet
and a permanent magnet too. So the idea is to modify the piston head and cylinder head into
magnets so that force can be generated between them.
 This working of the electromagnetic engine is based on attraction & repulsive force of the
magnet. The engine greatly resembles the working of a two-stroke engine. To start, let us
begin from the situation, when piston is located in the lower position. The coil is connected
through the battery, the copper coil is energized to produced the magnetic field the piston in
side of the large power Neodymium Iron Boron magnets, the piston moved upper and lower
the fly wheel connected through the piston link the copper coil energized the piston move
upward and copper coil is de-energized the piston move to downward. With the help of relay
and control unit. The continuous process through piston is move to (up and down) with also
rotated the fly wheel.
WORKING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE
FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION
Nowadays the electromagnetic vehicle has high innovative compared with IC
engine. And this engine has very cleaner and which is not produce any kind of the
smokes. The maintenance cost of the type of electromagnetic engine is also low.
The present-day electric vehicle is efficient than petrol/diesel vehicles. They are
97% cleaner than gas-powered cars. The maintenance cost of electric cars is optimum.
The main problems faced by electric vehicles are its inability to run long
distances before being charged again and the high initial cost of the electric
vehicles. Most production electric cars about to hit the market can only go about 100
miles (160.9kms). Also, there is need for installation of charging stations as the energy
densities of normal batteries is less for vehicles to travel over long distances and
getting a full charge takes around eight hours.
We have designed an engine which need not be separately manufactured, but existing
engines can be easily modified to work this way. The proposed engine is as simple
and an excellent technique to run the electric vehicle in a highly efficient manner. The
torque that was achieved in this model was almost equal to the torque obtained by the
original IC engine. By slight modification in design and by the use of better hands the
engine can be modified to generate more power, they by increasing its efficiency.
The electromagnetic engine has various advantages over the internal combustion
engines. The main advantage is, no fuel is being used in the engine. This results in no
pollution which is very desirable in the present-day situation. As there is no combustion
taking place inside the cylinder there is only very little heat generation. This
eliminates the need for a cooling system. As magnetic energy is being used the need
for air filter, fuel tank, supply system, fuel filter, fuel injector, fuel pump, valves etc. are
eliminated and the design of the engine is made simple. Also, by the use of materials
like Aluminium, titanium etc. we can reduce the weight of the engine. Also, existing
transmission systems can be used in the electromagnetic engine. Less noise is produced
during working.