FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

FORMULA BOOK
MATHS
CA FOUNDATION JUNE 2024

CA. PRANAV POPAT

FORMULA MARATHON MATHS

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

If a quantity increases or decreases in the ratio a:b then

Formula 1
new quantity = times of original quantity

Formula 2 Inverse Ratio of a:b is

Formula 3 Ratio compounded of the two ratios a:b and c:d is

• is the duplicate ratio of a:b

Formula 4
• is the triplicate ratio of a:b

• is the sub-duplicate ratio of a:b

Formula 5
• is the sub-triplicate ratio a:b
Continued Ratio: Two different ratios can be put into continued if there
Formula 6 common term is same. If given ratios are a:b and b:c, we can make the
continued ratio a:b:c if we make term b as same in both ratios
a b
Continuous Proportion: = 
Formula 7 b c
here, a = first proportional, c = third proportional and b is mean
proportional (because b is GM of a and c)
Formula 8 Invertendo: If a:b = c:d, then

Formula 9 Alternendo: If a:b = c:d, then

Formula 10 Componendo: If a:b = c:d, then

Formula 11 Dividendo: If a:b = c:d, then

Componendo and Dividendo: If a:b = c:d, then
Formula 12 and

a c e
Formula 13 Addendo: if = = = k , then
b d f

a c e
Formula 14 Subtrahendo: if = = = k , then
b d f

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Indices - Standard Results

• Any base raised to the power zero is equal to i.e.

Formula 15 a0 =
• Roots can also be expressed in the form of power i.e.

r
a =a
Law of Indices 1: (sum of powers)
Formula 16
am  an = a
Law of Indices 2: (difference of powers)
m
a
=a
Formula 17
n
a
Law of Indices 3: (power of power)
Formula 18
(a ) m n
=a
Law of Indices 4:

(ab) =
Formula 19 n

Calculator Trick for Power (Integer) of any number:

Formula 20

Calculator Trick for Reciprocal of any number:

Formula 21

Calculator Trick for nth root of a number

Formula 22

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Calculator Trick for Power (also non-integer)

Formula 23

Basic Logarithm: if ax = n then

Formula 24
Conditions: n  0,a  0,a  1
Log Standard Results:
• Log of a number with same base as number is equal to 1 i.e.

log a a =
Formula 25
• Log of 1 (one) for any base is equal to zero i.e.

log a 1 =
Law of Log 1: Log of product of two numbers
Formula 26
log a mn =
Law of Log 2: Log of product of two numbers
Formula 27 m
log a =
n
Law of Log 3: Log of Number with Power
Formula 28
log a mn =
logm log a m
Formula 29 Change of Base Theorem: log b m = =
logb log a b
Formula 30 Form of Quadratic Equation:

Solution of Quadratic Equation:

Formula 31

where, a is coefficient of x2, b is coefficient of x, c is constant, a ≠ 0

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Formula 32 Sum of Roots α + β =

Formula 33
Product of Roots
αβ =

Construction of Quadratic Equation

Formula 34 x2 − (α + β)x + αβ = 0
Discriminant
Formula 35
d=
Conjugate Pairs: if one root of the equation is m + n then other is
Formula 36

Form of Simple Equation (One Variable) ax + b = 0

Formula 37
where, a is coefficient of x, b is constant, a ≠ 0
Form of Simultaneous Linear Equations
Formula 38 a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 & a2x + b2 y + c2 = 0
where, a is coefficient of x, b is coefficient of y, c is constant, a ≠ 0
Cross Multiplication Method of solving Simultaneous Linear Equations
Formula 39 x y 1
= =
b1c2 − b2c1 c1a2 − c2a1 a1b2 − a2b1
Formula 40 Form of Cubic Equation, ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0

Simple Interest: SI =
Formula 41

where P = principal value, r = rate of interest p.a., t = time in years

Amount under Simple Interest:

P.r.t
Formula 42
A = P + SI = P + =
100

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Number of Conversion Period per year

Conversion Description Number of
Period Conversion Period
in a year
1 day Compounded Daily 365
Formula 43
1 month Compounded Monthly 12
3 months Compounded Quarterly 4
6 months Compounded semi 2
annually
12 months Compounded Annually 1

Amount under Compound Interest:

A=
Formula 44 where, P = Initial Principal, i = adjusted interest rate, n = no. of periods
r%
i= n = t noccpy
nocppy and
Calculator Tricks for Amount under CI:
Formula 45
P + i % + i % ...n times
Formula 46
Compound Interest:
CI = A − P =
Formula 47
Effective Interest Rate:
E=
Future Value of a single cashflow:

Formula 48
FV = CF 
where CF means Cashflow/ Sum for which future value is to be
calculated
Future Value – Annuity Regular:
FVAR = Ai FVAF(n,i)
 
Formula 49 FVAR = Ai   
 
where, Ai = Annuity (Installment), FVAF = Future Value Annuity Factor/
Multiplier
i = adjusted interest rate, n = no. of periods

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Future Value – Annuity Due:

FVAD = Ai  FVAF(n,i) (1 + i)
Formula 50
[(1 + i)n − 1] 
FVAD = Ai   
 i 
Present Value of a single cashflow:

Formula 51
PV = CF 

where CF means Cashflow/ Sum for which present value is to be

calculated

Compounding Factor is (1 + i)n and

Formula 52 1

Discounting Factor is (1 + i)n
Present Value – Annuity Regular:
PVAR = Ai PVAF(n,i)
Formula 53  
PVAR = Ai   
 
where, PVAF is Present Value Annuity Factor/ Multiplier
Calculator Trick for PVAF
Formula 54

Present Value of Annuity Due

PVAD =  Ai  PVAF(n − 1),i + A i
Formula 55
(since first installment is already in present we need to discount second
onwards)

Formula 56 PVP =
Present Value of Perpetuity

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Present Value of Growing Perpetuity

PVGP =
Formula 57

where A1 is the first installment

Net Present Value:
Formula 58
NPV = Present Value of Cash Inflows – Present Value of Cash Outflows
Formula 59 Real Rate of Return = Nominal Rate of Return – Rate of Inflation
Formula 60 CAGR = annual rate used in compound interest
Multiplication (AND) Addition (OR) Rules: If one thing can be done in m
ways and another thing can be done in n ways then

Number of ways of doing both things simultaneously/ together:

Formula 61

Number of ways of doing either of the jobs:

Factorial n! = n(n − 1)(n − 2)3.2.1

Formula 62
also, n! = 1.2.3(n − 2)(n − 1)n
Special Formula in Factorial:
n! = n (n − 1)!
Formula 63
n! = n (n − 1)(n − 2 )!
0! = 1
Permutation Theorem:
Number of Permutations when r objects are chosen out of n different
objects

Formula 64 n
Pr =
also, we use Pr = n(n − 1)(n − 2)... for r factors
n

where n and r are always positive and n  r

Number of Permutations all objects are chosen out of n different

objects
Formula 65 n
Pn =

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Special Formula:
Formula 66
(n + 1)!− n! =
Number of Circular permutations when all objects are chosen out of n
different objects
Formula 67

Number of Circular permutations when all objects are chosen out of n

different objects such that no two persons have same two neighbours
Formula 68

Permutation with Restrictions (Theorem 1)

Number of permutations of n distinct objects taken r at a time when a
Formula 69 particular object is not taken in any arrangement is
n −1
Pr
Number of permutations of r objects out of n distinct objects when a
particular object is always included in any arrangement is
Formula 70
r. n−1Pr −1
n −1
Pr (one thing always included) + r. n−1Pr −1 (one thing always excluded) =
Formula 71 n
Pr (total)
Number of ways when a group of objects are never together =
Formula 72
Total ways – Number of ways when objects are always together
Number of Combinations when r objects are chosen out of n different
objects
Formula 73
n
Cr =
where n and r are always positive and n  r

n
Pr
Formula 74
Linkage of Permutation and Combination Theorem:
n
Cr =
r!
Standard Result of Combinations:
Formula 75 n
C0 = n
Cn =
Formula 76
Complimentary Combinations:
n
Cr =

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

n+1
Formula 77 Cr = n Cr + n Cr −1 (Special Formula)
Combinations of one or more out of n things (when there are two
choices) =
Formula 78
2n − 1
Formulas in Geometry using Combinations

Number of Straight Lines with the given n points:

Number of Triangles with n given points:

Formula 79 Number of Triangles with n given points where m points are collinear:

Number of Parallelograms with given two sets of m and n parallel lines:

Number of Diagonals out of n lines of a polygon:

Common Difference in AP:

Formula 80
d = t2 − t1 = t3 − t2 = ... = tn − tn−1
General term of an AP:

Formula 81 tn =
where, a = first term, d = common difference, n = term number
Calculator Trick of General Term of an AP:

Formula 82 a  d = = = ... =
(First equal press will give you 2nd term and so on)

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Sum of first n terms of an AP

Sn =
Formula 83 or

n
Sn = 2a + (n − 1)d
2
Calculator Trick for Sum of n terms of an AP:
Formula 84
a  d = = = ... = GT + a
Sum of first n natural or counting numbers:
Formula 85

Sum of first n odd numbers:

Formula 86

Sum of the squares of first n natural numbers:

Formula 87

Sum of the cubes of first n natural numbers:

Formula 88

t2 t 3 tn
Formula 89 Common Ratio of GP: r = = =
t1 t2 tn−1

Formula 90 General Term of an GP:

tn =
where, a = first term, r = common ratio, n = term number
Calculator Trick for General Term of GP:
Formula 91 r  a = = = ... =
(First equal press will give you 2nd term and so on)
Sum of first n terms of a GP

Formula 92
Sn = or Sn =

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

Calculator Trick for n terms of GP

Formula 93 r  a = = = ... = GT + a
Sum of Infinite Geometric Series (only applicable if −1  r  1 )

Formula 94
S =

Number of subsets of a set containing n elements =

Formula 95
Number of proper subsets of a set containing n elements =

De Morgan’s Law:

(P  Q )’ =
Formula 96

(P  Q )’ =
2 Sets Operations Formula
Formula 97 n(A B) =
3 Sets Operations Formula

Formula 98
n(A  B  C) =

Composite Functions

Formula 99 fog = fog ( x ) = f g ( x )  and

gof = gof ( x ) = g  f ( x ) 

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 FORMULA BOOK MATHEMATICS – CA FOUNDATION JUN 24

About CA. Pranav Popat Sir

• He is a Chartered Accountant (Inter and Final Both Groups in First Attempt) with 7+ years
of experience.
• He is an Educator by Passion and his Choice (Dil Se )
• He teaches subjects of QA - Maths, LR and Stats (Paper 3) at CA Foundation Level and
Cost & Management Accounting (Paper 4) at CA Intermediate Level.

Hope this formula book helps you in revising all formulas and become helpful to you
during exam time, I made this with my whole heart, make best use of it and I just
want one thing in return – share these notes to every student who really needs this.
Wishing you ALL THE BEST for upcoming examinations, see you soon in Inter
Costing!!!
Ab mushkil nahi kuch bhi, nahi kuch bhi!!!
With Lots of Love
CA. Pranav Popat (P^2 SIR)

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