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HTML Lecture1

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aizoneknp
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HTML

LECTURE -1
AI ZONE COMPUTER INSTITUTE
HTML
HTML is an acronym which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language which is used for creating web pages
and web applications. Let's see what is meant by Hypertext Markup Language, and Web page.

Hyper Text: Hypertext simply means "Text within Text." A text has a link within it, is a hypertext. Whenever
you click on a link which brings you to a new webpage, you have clicked on a hypertext. Hypertext is a way
to link two or more web pages (HTML documents) with each other.

Markup language: A markup language is a computer language that is used to apply layout and formatting
conventions to a text document. Markup language makes text more interactive and dynamic. It can turn text
into images, tables, links, etc.

Web Page: A web page is a document which is commonly written in HTML and translated by a web browser.
A web page can be identified by entering an URL. A Web page can be of the static or dynamic type. With the
help of HTML only, we can create static web pages.

2
example of HTML.
<!DOCTYPE>
<html>
<head>
<title>Web page title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Write Your First Heading</h1>
<p>Write Your First Paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Description of HTML Example
<!DOCTYPE>: It defines the document type or it instruct the browser about the version of HTML.

<html > :This tag informs the browser that it is an HTML document. Text between html tag describes the
web document. It is a container for all other elements of HTML except <!DOCTYPE>

<head>: It should be the first element inside the <html> element, which contains the metadata(information
about the document). It must be closed before the body tag opens.

<title>: As its name suggested, it is used to add title of that HTML page which appears at the top of the
browser window. It must be placed inside the head tag and should close immediately. (Optional)

<body> : Text between body tag describes the body content of the page that is visible to the end user. This
tag contains the main content of the HTML document.

<h1> : Text between <h1> tag describes the first level heading of the webpage.
History of HTML
In the late 1980's , a physicist, Tim Berners-Lee who was a contractor at CERN, proposed a system for CERN
researchers. In 1989, he wrote a memo proposing an internet based hypertext system.

Tim Berners-Lee is known as the father of HTML. The first available description of HTML was a document
called "HTML Tags" proposed by Tim in late 1991. The latest version of HTML is HTML5,
HTML 2.0: This was the next version which was released in 1995, and it was standard language version for
website design. HTML 2.0 was able to support extra features such as form-based file upload, form elements
such as text box, option button, etc.

HTML 3.2: HTML 3.2 version was published by W3C in early 1997. This version was capable of creating tables
and providing support for extra options for form elements. It can also support a web page with complex
mathematical equations. It became an official standard for any browser till January 1997. Today it is
practically supported by most of the browsers.

HTML 4.01: HTML 4.01 version was released on December 1999, and it is a very stable version of HTML
language. This version is the current official standard, and it provides added support for stylesheets (CSS)
and scripting ability for various multimedia elements.
HTML5 : HTML5 is the newest version of Hypertext Markup language. The first draft of this version was
announced in January 2008. There are two major organizations one is W3C (World Wide Web
Consortium), and another one is WHATWG( Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group) which
are involved in the development of HTML 5 version, and still, it is under development.

Features of HTML
1) It is a very easy and simple language. It can be easily understood and modified.

2) It is very easy to make an effective presentation with HTML because it has a lot of formatting tags.

3) It is a markup language, so it provides a flexible way to design web pages along with the text.

4) It facilitates programmers to add a link on the web pages (by html anchor tag), so it enhances the interest of browsing of the
user.

5) It is platform-independent because it can be displayed on any platform like Windows, Linux, and Macintosh, etc.

6) It facilitates the programmer to add Graphics, Videos, and Sound to the web pages which makes it more attractive and
interactive.

7) HTML is a case-insensitive language, which means we can use tags either in lower-case or upper-case.
HTML text Editors
• An HTML file is a text file, so to create an HTML file we can use any text editors.
• Text editors are the programs which allow editing in a written text, hence to create a web page we need
to write our code in some text editor.
• There are various types of text editors available which you can directly download, but for a beginner, the
best text editor is Notepad (Windows) or TextEdit (Mac).
• After learning the basics, you can easily use other professional text editors which are, Notepad++,
Sublime Text, Vim, etc.

Save the HTML file with .htm or .html extension


Building blocks of HTML
An HTML document consist of its basic building blocks which are:

Tags: An HTML tag surrounds the content and apply meaning to it. It is written between < and > brackets.

Attribute: An attribute in HTML provides extra information about the element, and it is applied within the
start tag. An HTML attribute contains two fields: name & value.

Syntax
<tag name attribute_name= " attr_value"> content </ tag
name>
Elements: An HTML element is an individual component of
an HTML file. In an HTML file, everything written within tags
are termed as HTML elements.
EXAMPLE
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>The basic building blocks of HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>The building blocks</h2>
<p>This is a paragraph tag</p>
<p style="color: red">The style is attribute of paragraph tag</p>
<span>The element contains tag, attribute and content</span>
</body>
</html>

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