Primary and Remedial
Schlumberger Private
Primary and Remedial Calculations
Calculations
Cementing Calculations
We want to calculate:
• Slurry Volumes
• Sacks of cement required
• Displacement Volume
• Estimated Job time
• Correct Plug bumping Pressure
2 Initials
Important Rule
Cement slurries should always have density specified by API.
Density can only be changed by using the appropriate additive.
If water/solids ratio is not correct, may get :
High viscosity / unpumpable slurry.
Excessive free water.
If the cement composition and one of the properties are known, other two
properties can be calculated
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9/8/2006
Slurry Yield
When water is added to dry cement the resulting
Slurry normally has more volume than the original
Sack of 94lbs based on a material balance calculation.
1 sack of cement = 94lbs = 1 cubic foot
Dry Cement absolute volume = 0.0382 gal/lb
1 sack of cement = 3.59 gal
Class G cement slurry @ 15.8 ppg (1.9 SG) uses 44% mix water or 4.97 gal/sx
7.48 gallons = 1 cubic foot
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Bulk and Absolute Volumes
Bulk Volume : The volume occupied by a certain weight of dry material
including void spaces between solid particles.
CEMENT 1 Sack = 1 cubic foot (cu.ft) = 94 pounds
Absolute Volume : The volume occupied by the same weight of material,
less the void spaces between particles.
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9/8/2006
Bulk and Absolute Volumes
B
Cement
1 drum = 1 cu.ft = 7.48 gal
A Absolute Volume of Cement: A
7.48 gal – 3.89 gal = 3.59 gal
Air in pore spaces will
Water
be displaced by water
B A B
3.89 gal
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Slurry Yield
Definition : The volume of slurry produced when 1 sack of dry cement
(and additives) are mixed with water
Unit: cubic foot/sack (cu.ft/sk)
Class G API mix
1 Sack 4.97 Gal
1 cu.ft 0.66 cu.ft 1.15
cu.ft
CEMENT + AIR
+ WATER
= SLURRY
Slurry Yield = 1.15 cu.ft / sk
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9/8/2006
Mix Water Requirement
Definition : The amount of water needed to hydrate 1 sack of dry cement
(and additives) to create a pumpable liquid
Unit: gal/sack
Class G API mix
1 Sack 4.97 Gal
1 cu.ft 0.66 cu.ft 1.15
cu.ft
CEMENT + AIR
+ WATER
= SLURRY
Water Required = 4.97 gps
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9/8/2006
Slurry Density
Definition : The weight of 1 gal of slurry
Unit: lb/gal
Class G API mix
1 Sack 4.97 Gal
1 cu.ft 0.66 cu.ft 1.15
cu.ft
CEMENT + AIR
+ WATER
= SLURRY
1 gal of slurry will weight 15.8 pounds
Slurry Density = 15.80 ppg
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Calculations - Example 1
All calculations based on one sack of cement
Note: Absolute volumes from Field Data Handbook, Page:700.005
Example: Class G cement mixed by API specifications
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class G 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
H20 (44%) 41.36 * 1/8.33 = 4.97
Total 135.36 * = 8.56
135.36 lb/sk 8.56 gal/sk
1. Density = = 15.81 lb/gal 2. Yield = = 1.144 cu.ft/sk
8.56 gal/sk 7.48 gal/cu.ft
3. Water required = 4.97 gal/sk (from the table)
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Calculations - Example 2
Class G, mix @ 15.5 ppg
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class G 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
H20 8.33X * 1/8.33 =X
Total 94 + 8.33X * = 3.59 + X
94 + 8.33X
Density = 15.5 ppg = X = Water required = 5.35 gal/sk
3.59 + X
3.59 + 5.35
Yield = = 1.195 cu.ft/sk
7.48
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Calculations - Example 3
Class G, mix with 5.05 gps of water requirement
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class G 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
H20 42.07 * 1/8.33 = 5.05
Total 136.07 * = 8.64
136.07 8.64
Density = = 15.75 gal/sk Yield = = 1.16 cu.ft/sk
8.64 7.48
Water required = 5.05 gal/sk (from the table)
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Calculations - Example 4
Class G, Given slurry yield – 1.06 cu.ft/sk
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class G 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
H20 8.33X * 1/8.33 =X
Total 94 + 8.33X * = 3.59 + X
3.59 + X
Yield = 1.06 cu.ft/sk = X = Water required = 4.34 gal/sk
7.48
94 + 8.33 * 4.34
Density = = 16.41 ppg
3.59 + 4.34
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9/8/2006
Calculations - Example 5
Class H, 3% S001. Mix by API
Material Weight (lb) * Absolute Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class H 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
S 001 2.82 * 0.0687 = 0.194
H20 94 (0.38) * 1/8.33 = 4.288
Total 132.54 = 8.072
132.54 8.072
Density = = 16.42 ppg Yield = = 1.079 cu.ft/sk
8.072 7.48
Water required = 4.288 gal/sk
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Additives Requiring Additional Water
D020, Bentonite
5.3% (BWOC) additional water for each 1% D20 added.
D024, Gilsonite
1 gal additional water for each 25 lb D24 added.
D030, Silica Sand
0.286% (BWOC) additional water for each 1 % D30 added;
therefore 10% for 35% D30.
D031, Barite
0.024 gal additional water for each 1 lb D31 added.
D042, Kolite
1 gal additional water for each 25 lb D42 added.
D066, Silica Flour
0.343% (BWOC) additional water for each 1 % D66 added;
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therefore 12% for 35% D66.
9/8/2006
Calculations - Example 6
Class A, D020 – 2% BWOC. Mix by API
Material Weight (lb) * Abs. Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class A 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
D 020 1.88 * 0.0454 = 0.085
H20 94[0.46+2(0.053)] * 1/8.33 = 6.384
Total 149.08 = 10.059
149.08 10.059
Density = = 14.82 ppg Yield = = 1.345 cu.ft/sk
10.059 7.48
Water required = 6.384 gal/sk
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Calculations - Example 7
Class G, D042 - 12.5 lb/sk, D020 – 4% BWOC. Mix @ 13.8 ppg
Material Weight (lb) * Abs. Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class G 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
D 042 12.5 * 0.0925 = 1.156
D 020 3.76 * 0.0454 = 0.171
H20 8.33X * 1/8.33 = X
Total 110.26 + 8.33X = 4.917 + x
110.26 + 8.33X
Density = 13.8 ppg = X = Water required = 7.75 gal/sk
4.917 + X
4.917 + 7.75
Yield = = 1.69 cu.ft/sk
7.48
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Calculations - Example 8
Class H, D020 – 2% BWOC (Pre-hydrated). D030 – 35% BWOC. Mix by
API
Material Weight (lb) * Abs. Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class H 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
D 020 1.88 * 0.0454 = 0.0854
D 030 32.9 * 0.0456 = 1.5002
H20 94[0.38+8(0.053)+0.1] * 1/8.33 = 10.2012
Total 213.756 = 15.3768
213.756 15.3768
Density = = 13.90 ppg Yield = = 2.056 cu.ft/sk
15.3768 7.48
Water required = 10.20 gal/sk
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Calculations - Example 9
Class H, D600 – 2.0 gps. D080 – 0.3 gps. D801 – 0.2gps. Mix @ 16.5
ppg
Material Weight (lb) * Abs. Volume (gal/lb) = Volume (gal)
Class H 94 * 0.0382 = 3.59
D 600 17.09 * 0.117 = 2
D 080 3.08 * 0.0973 = 0.3
D 801 2 * 0.1 = 0.2
H20 8.33X * 1/8.33 =X
Total 116.17 +8.33X = 6.09 + X
116.17 + 8.33X
Density = 16.5 ppg = X = Water required = 1.92 gal/sk
6.09 + X
6.09 + 1.92
Yield = = 1.071 cu.ft/sk
7.48
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9/8/2006
Slurry Volume Calculations (1)
A well requires the 9⅝ inch Csg/Csg
Annulus
47ppf casing at 8500 feet
Displacement
cemented to surface with neat Volume
Class G cement. Previous casing 13⅜
is 13 ⅜ inch 68ppf set at 5000 inch 68ppf
5000 ft
feet. There are two joints of
OH/Csg
casing between the Float Collar Annulus
and Float Shoe and the open 9⅝
Shoetrack
hole requires an excess of inch 47ppf
21.4%. Bit size is 12¼ inch. 8500 ft
20 Initials Draw a diagram
Slurry Volume Calculations (1)
Vol 1 (Csg/Csg Ann)
5000 x 0.3354 = 1677 ft3
Vol 2 (OH/Csg Ann)
(8500 – 5000) x 0.3131 x 1.214 = 1330.4 ft3
Vol 3 (Shoetrack)
Total Volume
80 x 0.4110 = 32.9 ft3 3040 ft3
Vol 4 (Displ Vol)
(8500 – 80) x 0.0732 = 616.3 bbls
Vol 5 (Sacks cement)
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3040 ÷ 1.144 = 2657 sx
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Slurry Volume Calculations (2 & 3)
(2) A well requires the 7 inch (3) Acasing
well requires the 20 inch 94ppf
cemented at 1500 feet
23ppf liner cemented at
12,200 feet with an overlap using an inner cement stinger
inside the 9⅝ inch 47ppf of made up from 5 inch 19.5ppf DP.
150m using Class G cement + The previous casing was a 30
35% Silica Flour at 16.55ppg. inch, 1 inch wall conductor
Previous casing is set at which was driven to 300 feet.
10,500 feet. There are two There is no float collar only a
joints of casing between the float shoe and the hole seems
Float Collar and Float Shoe large so a guestimate at volumes
and the open hole requires to bring the cement to surface is
an excess of 10%. Bit size is 150% on OH size. Slurry is Neat
8½ inch. Running tool to be Class G.
used is 5” DP, 19.5 ppf.
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Slurry Volume Calculations (2)
Vol 1 (Csg/Csg Ann) 70.7 ft3
Vol 2 (OH/Csg Ann) 237.1 ft3
Vol 3 (Shoetrack) 17.7 ft3
Total Volume
326.1 ft3
Vol 4 (Displ Vol)
69.73 +177 = 260.9 bbls
Vol 5 (Sacks cement)
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326.1 ÷ 1.38 = 236 sx
Homework
Calculate: Slurry Volumes, Cement Volumes,
Mix Water, Additives, Displacement
Job Time, Surface Pressure @ end of job
Well Data: 9 5/8” 53.5 lb/ft casing, shoe at 9800’,
collar at 9760’, OH 12.25” + 25% excess, 13 3/8" , 68 lbs/ft
previous casing 13 3/8” 68 lb/ft at 2900’ 1
Mud 10ppg
Slurries: Lead: 5 bpm 9300’ - surface
Class “G” @ 12.8 ppg
12% BWOC Bentonite
0.3% BWOC D13 2900'
12.15 gps H20
9 5/8", 53.5 lbs/ft
Yield: 2.165 cu.ft/sk 2
2
12 1/4" OH
9300'
Tail: 3 bpm 9800’ - 9300’
9760'
Class “G” Neat @ 15.8 ppg 3
4 3
0.05% BWOC D28 9800'
0.5% BWOC D65
4.97 gps H20
Yield: 1.15 cu.ft/sk
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Displacement: 8 bpm
Solution - Homework
Capacities
CAS/CAS : 0.3354 cuft/ft
CAS OH : 0.3132 cuft/ft
CAS : 0.3973 cuft/ft , 0.0708 bbl/ft
1. Volumes
Lead Tail
(1) 2900ft x 0.3354 cuft/ft = 972.7 cuft (3) 9800ft - 9300ft x 0.3132 cuft/ft = 156.cuft
(2) 9300ft - 2900ft x 0.3132 = 2004 cuft (4) 40ft x 0.3973 cuft/ft = 15.9 cuft
Excess = 2004 cuft x 0.25 = 501 cuft Excess 156.6 cuft x 0.25 = 39.2 cuft
Total = 3477 cuft Total = 211.7 cuft
z 2. Yield
Handbook 700.013 2.165 cuft/sk (lead)
700.006 1.15 cuft/sk (tail)
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Solution - Example 1
3. Cement
Lead : 3477 cuft = 1606 sacks
2.165 cuft/sk
Tail : 211.7 cuft = 184 sacks
1.15 cuft/sk
4. Mix Fluid
Lead : 1606sk x 12.15 gals/sk = 464.5 bbls
42 gal/bbl
Tail : 184sk x 4.97 gals/sk = 21.8 bbls
42 gal/bbl
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Solution - Example 1
5. Additives
Lead : D20 : 1606sk x 94lbs/sk x 0.12 =18116 lbs
D13 : 1606sk x 94lbs/sk x 0.003= 453 lbs
Tail : D28 : 184sk x 94lbs/sk x 0.0005 = 8.6 lbs
D65 : 184sk x 94lbs/sk x 0.005 = 86 lbs
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Solution - Example 1
6. Displacement
9760ft x 0.0708 bbl/ft = 691 bbls
7. Job Thickening Time
Lead : 3477 cuft = 124 min
5.6146 cuft/bbl x 5 bpm
Tail : 211.7 cuft = 13 min
5.6146 cuft/bbl x 3 bpm
Displacement: 691 bbls = 86 min
8 bpm
Drop Plugs = 10 min
Safety = 120
= 353 min
Minimum TT for LS is 5 hrs 53 min
Minimum TT for TS is 3 hrs 49 min
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