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Adv Ospf

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Adv Ospf

Uploaded by

Nsrk Krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module-15(Adv.

OSPF)

1. Illustrate ospf in detail?

Types of Types of Areas Types of Routes Types of LSA’s Types of Routers


Networks

Broadcast Stub area O -- LSA1 Router LSA’s Designated router


Point-to-point Totally stub O IA --OSPF Network LSA’s Back up designated router
area interarea(summary
LSA)
NBMA Not-so-stubby OE1 -- E1 external Summary LSA’s Area border router
area routes
Point-to-multipoint OE2 -- E2 external ASBR summary ASBR
routes
Point-to-multipoint Autonomous
Non broadcast system external
LSA’s
Multicast OSPF
LSA
Defined for Not-so-
stubby areas

2. Why we use router-id in ospf and what is the process of selecting router-id?

A: Router ID is used to identify each router

Process to select router ID: i) Highest IP address on Active Physical Interface

ii) Highest IP address on Logical Interface(if configured)

iii)Highest preference is for router ID command

3. What are ospf packet types?

A: 1) Hello 2) Database Description 3) Link-State Request 4) Link-State Update 5) Link-State Ack

4. What are the contents in ospf packet?

Link IP Header Protocol ID No. Ospf packet types Link Trailer


Header
89=ospf

OSPF packet:

Version Type Packet Router Area ID Check- Authentication Authentication Data


Number length ID sum Type

5. What are different states in ospf?

A: 1.Down State
2. Init State
3. Two-Way State
4. Exstart State
5. Exchange State
6. Loading State
7. Full State
6. In ospf broadcast network, what is the election process of DR and BDR?

A: Which router is having highest priority will be elected as a DR

and the router which is having next highest priority will be elected as a BDR.

 .Neighbors
 .DR/BDR -->DROTHER ->Full
 .DROTHER -->DR/BDR ->Full
 .DROTHER -->DROTHER ->2 Way
 Updates
 DROTHER -->DR/BDR - >224.0.0.6
 DR -->DROTHER ->224.0.0.5
7. What is the difference between multi area ospf and single area ospf?

A: Single-area OSPF: It is useful in small networks.

Multi-area OSPF: It requires a hierarchical network design and the main area is called the backbone area, or area0,
and all other areas must connect to the backbone area.

8. Type’s ospf routes with description?

Route Designator Description


O -- LSA1 Networks from within the area of the router
O IA --OSPF interarea(summary LSA) Networks from outside the area of the router, but
within the OSPF autonomous system
OE1 -- E1 external routes Networks outside of the autonomous system of the
router
OE2 -- E2 external routes Networks outside of the autonomous system of the
router

9. If DR is down on the network during that time in the network what will happen?

A: If DR is down at that time the BDR router becomes the DR.

10. When the DR is down, after some time the DR link is up? Can the router become DR or not?

A: It’s not become the DR .It becomes the DR other.

11. What is the difference between stub area, totally stub area, not so stub area?

Stub Area Totally Stub Area Not-so-Stubby Area


External LSA’s are stopped External LSA’s are stopped NSSA breaks stub area rules
Default route is advertised into Summary LSA’s are stopped ASBR is allowed in NSSA
stub area by the ABR
All routers in stub area must be Routing table is reduced to a Special LSA type7 defined, sent by
configured as stub minimum ASBR
All routers in stub area must be ABR converts LSA type7 to LSA
configured as stub type5
ABR of stub area must be ABR does not send default route
configured as totally stubby into NSSA by default
This is a cisco priority feature
12. Can we ping from A to B?

A: If we make the area2 as a virtual link with area0 , then only A can ping to B.

13. Why we use the route redistribution?

A: This process of exchanging routing information between routing protocols is called Route redistribution

14. What is the difference between passive-interface and distribution list?

A: Passive-interface: It is the interface which will not send hello packets on the interface

Distribution list: Distribute list is a method of filtering routing updates, filtering can be inbound or outbound,
Distribute list will be applied in router mode

15. Where we use the Route-map?

A: Route maps are used for: policy based routing, BGP policy, Redistribution, NAT, QoS

16. What is the use of policy based routing?


A. Different users can use different paths to reach destination and Load sharing
17. What information does a router running a link-state protocol use to build and maintain its topological
database?

A: 1) hello packets 2)LSAs from other routers

18. OSPF routing uses the concept of areas. What are the characteristics of OSPF areas?

A: 1) Areas may be assigned any number from 0 to 65535


2) Area 0 is called the backbone area

3) Multiple OSPF areas must connect to area 0

19. What is the default maximum number of equal-cost paths that can be placed into the
routing of a Cisco OSPF router?

A: The default number of equal-cost paths that can be placed into the routing of a Cisco OSPF router is 4. We can
change this default value by using “maximum-paths” command:

Router(config-router)#maximum-paths 2

Note: Cisco routers support up to 16 equal-cost paths. In detail, the default number of maximum paths is 32 for
Cisco CRS-1 routers and 16 for Cisco XR 12000 Series Routers. The range is from 1 to 32 for Cisco CRS-1 routers
and 1 to 16 for Cisco XR 12000 Series Routers.
20. Refer to the exhibit. Why are two OSPF designated routers identified on Core-Router?

Neighbor_ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

208.149.23.194 1 Full/DR 00:00:33 190.172.32.10 Ethernet1

208.149.23.60 1 Full/BDR 00:00:33 190.172.32.10 Ethernet0

208.149.23.130 1 Full/DR 00:00:39 190.172.32.10 Ethernet0

A: Core-Router is connected more than one multi-access network

OSPF elects one DR per multi-access network. In the exhibit there are two DR so there must have more than one
multi-access network.

21. Refer to the exhibit. Given the output for this command, if the router ID has not been manually set, what
router ID will OSPF use for this RouterD?

RouterD# show ip interface brief

A: 172.16.5.1
The highest IP address of all loopback interfaces will be chosen -> Loopback 0 will be chosen as the router ID.

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