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Class 1 SFD and BMD

SFD & BMD

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71 views16 pages

Class 1 SFD and BMD

SFD & BMD

Uploaded by

masterflexb88
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS

Learning Outcomes
1. Reactions
2. Shear force (V) diagrams
3. Bending moment (M) diagrams
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
A Beam is a bar subject to forces (loads) or couples (moments) that lie in a plane
containing the longitudinal section of the bar.
The shear forces and bending moments along a beam do not depend on the geometry of the beam
cross-section or the material the beam is made of. They depend on two factors only:
•How the beam is loaded
•How the beam is supported
Beams can be differentiated depending on their (1) support and (2) determinacy:
 Support
 Cantilever  Determinacy
 Simply Supported  Statically determinate
 Overhanging  Statically indeterminate
 Propped
 Fixed or Restrained
 Continuous
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
Types of Supports
The type of support will indicate the reactions at the support.
1. Roller Support
 Resists perpendicular or vertical forces (Y- direction), thus it has a vertical reaction Fy
 cannot resist parallel or horizontal forces and moment, thus M = 0 and Fx = 0
 Allows rotation of the member about support point, can move horizontally
 E.g support provided at one end of a bridge to allow contraction and expansion of bridge deck with respect to
temperature changes.
2. Fixed or Hinged Support
 Resists both vertical and horizontal forces, thus it has vertical and horizontal reaction, Fy and Fx
 cannot resist moment, it is restrained against translation, thus M = 0, Fy = ? and Fx= ?
 Member is free to rotate about the support point
 E.g. see-saw, opening a door, laptops

3. Fixed or Build in
 Also referred to as “Rigid” support
 Restrained against both rotation and translation so they can resist any type force or moment
 Has three reactions, M = ?, Fy = ? and Fx= ?
 e.g beam fixed in a wall
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
Types of Beams ( Based on Support)
a. Cantilever
 One end fixed, other end free
b. Simply Supported
 One end roller, other end hinge
 Both ends hinge
c. Overhanging
 Overhanging on either side
 Overhanging on both sides
d. Continuous beam
 has more than one span
 Greater than two supports
e. Fixed or restrained
 Both ends fixed
f. Propped Cantilever
 One end fixed, other end hinge/roller
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
Types of Beams ( Based Determinacy)
Degree of indeterminacy = No. of reactions – No. of Equations in static equilibrium
that can be applied.
1. Statically Determinate
No. of reactions
≤ No. of Equations

2. Statically indeterminate
No. of reactions
˃ No. of Equations

ΣM = 0; ΣFv = 0; ΣFx = 0

Simply supported, cantilever and overhanging beams are statically determinate beams
Propped, fixed/restrained and continuous beams are statically indeterminate beams
Types of Beams ( Determinacy) SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS

3 reactions and 3 equations 4 reactions 3 equations

6 reactions 3 equations
3 reactions and 3 equations

8 reactions 3 equations
3 equations 3 reactions
Type of Loads SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS

 Concentrated (single)
 Distributed load (udl or uvl)
 Concentrated Couple (moment)

 Distributed loads are measured by their intensity


SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
Shear Force and Bending Moments
A shear force is a force that acts tangentially on the
body or acts parallel to the cross-sectional area of a
beam. Shear force is the force that tends to cause the
upper and lower parts of the beam to slide past each
other.
Shear force can be caused by external loads such as the
weight of the structure or the force of wind.
Bending moment is the moment created when an
external force is applied to a structure causing it to bend
or flex.
The algebraic sum of the applied load to the specified
distance from the reference point is the Bending
Moment
Sign Conventions
Sign Conventions
 The shear force that tends to rotate the material
clockwise is defined as positive (or the right side of the
section goes down, while the left side goes up)
 Shear force that tends to rotate the material
anticlockwise is defined as negative (or the right side of the
section goes up, while the left side goes down)
 Bending moment that tends to compress the upper part
of the beam and elongate the lower part is defined as
positive (Sagging BM).
 Bending moment that tends to elongate the upper part
and compress the lower part is defined as negative
(Hogging BM).
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams
Beam is a structural part upon which a system of external loads act at right angles to
the axis.

Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram (SFD & BMD) is the graphical representation
of the Shear Force distribution and Bending Moment along the length of a beam

Along the span length of the beam, the shear force and bending moment values
change from section to section. These diagrams can be used to determine the Stress
concentration of a loaded beam and it contributes to the crucial failure analysis
required for the beam's design.
Steps to Draw SFD and BMD SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS

1. Draw a free body diagram


A free body diagram is a simple sketch that shows all of the external loads acting on
a beam and any reaction forces from supports.
Figuring out the free body diagram is an important first step in determining the shear
force and bending moment diagrams.
Steps to Draw SFD and BMD SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS

2. Calculate the reaction forces and moments at the beam supports


Although the external loads are known, the reaction forces and moments at the
supports are not – they need to be calculated. This can be done by considering the fact
that all of the external loads, both the applied loads and the loads at the supports, must
balance each other. If they didn’t the beam would not be in static equilibrium.
Steps to Draw SFD and BMD SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
3. Determine the internal shear forces and bending moments at every location along the beam
Make an imaginary cut through the beam at any location, the internal forces and moments acting
on the cut cross-section must balance the external forces and moments. This means the equilibrium
equations can be applied to calculate the shear forces and bending moments along the beam.

Start at one end of the beam and move the location of the imaginary cut to the other end, applying
the equilibrium equations and calculating the shear forces and bending moments as you move along
the beam.

Doing this along the full length of the beam will give you the shear force and bending moment
diagrams. Use appropriate sign conventions
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
Shear Force and Bending Moments Diagrams for standard cases
Simply Supported Beams Cantilever Beams

SF

BM
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
Practice Questions
Determine the reactions on the beams below
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS
Practice Questions
Determine the reactions on the beams below

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