Scribd
Upload
19 views3 pages

Exam CFD 2020-10-28

Uploaded by

Leonardo Elez Dragan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views3 pages

Exam CFD 2020-10-28

Uploaded by

Leonardo Elez Dragan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Exam Aerodynamic Design

28 October 2020

This exam consists of 15 questions.


You have 120 minutes to do the exam.

Give a complete answer. Questions answered with just a few numbers or


only the final answer will receive no points.

The total number of points that can be scored is 45.


Your grade will be the number of points scored/45 × 9 + 1

Good Luck!

“All models are wrong, but some are useful.”

George P.E. Box

Governing equations

𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇
1. [3pt] Simplify the general 2D energy equation: +𝑢 +𝑣 =
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑘 𝜕2 𝑇 𝑘 𝜕2 𝑇
𝜌𝐶𝑝 𝜕𝑥 2
+ 𝜌𝐶 𝜕𝑦 2
for a steady situation without flow.
𝑝

2. The transport equation for a general variable 𝜙 can be written as:


𝜕(𝜌𝜙)
+ div(𝜌𝜙𝒖) = div(Γgrad𝜙) + 𝑆𝜙 . ( is constant)
𝜕𝑡
a) [3pt] What does every term physically represent?
b) [2pt] Rewrite the equation substituting 𝜙 = 1 and expanding
the div and grad terms.

3. Apart from the velocity boundary layer also a thermal boundary layer
may be present. The thermal boundary layer however does not
necessarily have the same thickness as the velocity boundary layer.
a) [2pt] What dimensionless parameter gives an indication of this?
b) [2pt] and for the situation in the figure below where T < 
indicate what range of values this parameter has.

[1]
Turbulence and turbulence modelling

4. [2pt] The smallest turbulence scales are the Kolmogorov scales. Explain
if they are resolved or modelled by the 2-equation turbulence models.

5. [6pt] An airfoil intended for a small UAV with a MAC of 10 cm with


Re=3 x 105 needs to be modelled.

Calculate the necessary height of the first cell centre at the wall at 0.5c
when using the SST k- model without wall functions.

6. [3pt] A fully developed turbulent pipe flow system with large sudden
changes in pipe diameters in the domain needs to be modelled.

What turbulence model would you choose? Explain your answer.

7. [2pt] Which turbulence model uses a formulation that is different in


near wall modeling compared to the free stream turbulence modelling?

Numerical methods

8. [4pt] For the control volume below, show how the one-dimensional
𝜕
steady state convection term 𝜕𝑥 (ρuϕ) is discretised for a central grid
nodal point P using the first order upwind scheme ( is constant).

9. [2pt] In problems where the Peclet number Pe > 2 name one


differencing scheme that can be used.

10. [4pt] Discretise the term div(kgrad𝑇), for the 1 D unsteady heat
conduction equation, using the implicit scheme (k is constant).

[2]
11. [2pt] Does over-relaxation lead to faster convergence? Explain your
answer.

12. [2pt] For the SIMPLE scheme a staggered grid for the velocity
components is used. Why is this done?

Verification and validation

13. [2pt] Is a converged solution also an accurate solution? Explain your


answer.

14. [2pt] Explain what type of errors can be estimated by a grid convergence
study.

15. [2pt] Explain what type of uncertainty is estimated when making a


sensitivity analysis where the inlet conditions are varied.

[3]

You might also like