FACTORS
AFFECTING RATE OF REACTION
Temperature
01
Temperature affects the rate of reaction by
influencing the average kinetic energy of the
molecules involved. Higher temperatures
lead to faster molecular motion, which
increases the frequency of successful
collisions between reactant molecules, thus
speeding up the reaction rate. Conversely,
lower temperatures decrease molecular
motion, resulting in slower reaction rates.
02 Pressure
Pressure can affect the rate of a reaction,
especially in gas-phase reactions. Increasing
pressure can increase the rate of reaction by
increasing the frequency of collisions between
reactant molecules. This is because higher
pressure means a higher concentration of gas
molecules in a given volume, leading to more
frequent collisions and thus a higher likelihood
of successful reactions.
Concentration
03
Concentration directly affects the
rate of reaction. Generally, higher
concentrations of reactants lead to
more frequent collisions between
particles, increasing the rate of
reaction. This is because there are
more particles available to collide
and react in a given time.
04 Surface area
Surface area can significantly
affect the rate of a reaction.
Increasing the surface area
exposes more reactant molecules
to the other reactants, thus
increasing the frequency of
collisions and speeding up the
reaction rate.
05 Catalysts
Catalysts affect the rate of a
reaction by lowering the activation
energy required for the reaction to
occur. They provide an alternative
pathway for the reaction to
proceed, allowing it to happen
more quickly.
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