33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

1. 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE FEEDER-1 & 2 SET-1 (P546)

Reference Document
PTS-12ED404 : Scope of Work \Technical Specifications
EA-869538 : Relaying & Metering one line diagram

Line Details

33kV Protection Line 33kV

29.00 Km

S/S-ADARAH S/S#ABU AJRAM

Relay details
Relay Type : P54691AK7M0820M
Make : ALSTOM
Rated current : 1A
Protection Functions : 87L-1

CT Details
CT Ratio : 1200-600
Adopted Ratio : 1200 /1A
CT Secondary : 1A
Class : TPS
Vk : 1200V@1200A tap
System Details
VT Ratio :
VT Primary : 33kV
VT Secondary : 115V
Frequency : 60Hz
Fault Current : 25000A
X/R Ratio (AS per SEC practice) : 28.2
Source Reactance Xs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*sin(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x sin(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
: 0.762 ohm
Source Resistance Rs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*cos(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x cos(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
: 0.027 ohm
Delta Char Angle : 87.97deg
Source Impedance : (Rs + j Xs)
: 0.0270 + j 0.7620
Zs : 0.7625 L 87.97 deg
Line Details
Total Length of the Line : 29.000 Km
Positive resistance : 0.21
Positive reactance : 0.29
Zero resistance : 0.21

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Zero reactance : 0.29

Base MVA : 100 MVA

Positive Resistance (R1) = 5.9798 for 29 kM

Positive Reactance (X1) = 8.3578 for 29 kM

Zero Resistance (R0) = 5.9798 for 29 kM

Zero Reactance (X0) = 8.3578 for 29 kM

Line Positive Sequence Value = ( R1 +j X1 )

Total Line Positive Sequence = 5.9798 + j 8.3578

= 10.2767 L 54.42 deg
Z1 = 10.277 L 54.42
Line Zero Sequence value = (R0 + j X0)

Total Line Zero Sequence = 5.9798 + j 8.3578

10.2767 L 54.42 deg
Z0 = 10.277 L 54.42

Configuration

Menue Text Proposed Setting

Restore default No operation
Setting group Via menu
Active setting GROUP1
Save changes No operation
Copy from GROUP1
Copy to No operation
Setting group 1 Enabled
Setting group 2 disabled
Setting group 3 disabled
Setting group 4 disabled
Distance Enabled
Directioanl EF Enabled
Phas Differential Enabled
Overcurrent Enabled
Neg Sequance disabled
Broken Conductor disabled
Earth fault Enabled
Sensitive E/F disabled
residual O/V disabled
Thermal Overload disabled
Power swing block Enabled
Volt Protection disabled
Frequency Protection disabled
df/dt Protection disabled
CB Fail Enabled
Supervision Enabled
Auto Recloser disabled
Setting values secondary

All labels and measurements visible

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Protection Function (Line differential Protection , 87L2)

The Relay Bias characteristic is determined by four protection settings.

Is1 : The basic differential current setting which determines the minimum pick up of the relay.
Is2 : A bias thershold setting, above which the higher percentage bias k2 is used.

k1 : The lower percentage bias setting used when the bias current is below I S2.
This provides stability for small CT mismatches, whilst ensuring good sensitivity to
resistive faults under heavy load conditions.
k2 : The higher percentage bias setting used to improve relay stability under heavy
through fault current conditions.

The Tripping criteria can be formulated as

a) for Ibias < Is2

Idiff > k1 x Ibias + Is1

b) for Ibias > Is2

Idiff > k2 x Ibias - ( k2-k1) x Is2 + Is1

Basic Differential setting Is1

This is basic differential current setting which determines the minimum pick up level of the relay
The setting of Is1 must be set above 2.5 times the steady state charging current value
Is1 = 2.5 x Icharge
This setting shall take into account the fundamental frequency line charging current and whether a power
transformer included in the protected zone or not

The positive sequence line charging current is arrived as follows

I charge = 1.00A per km
Total line charging current = 1X 1.000 Km = 1.000A

IC = I charge Line Charging current refer to

n Secondary side
n = CT Ratio
n = 1200 /1A
= 1 / 1200
IC = 0.00083 A

IS1 = 2.5 x Ic
IS1 = 0.002 A

Recommended setting for IS1 = 0.2 A = 0.20 In

Recommended setting for k1 = 30%

If we consider a single end fault with no load but fault current I, the minimum operating fault current is

Idiff = I

Ibias = 1/2 I

Ibias < Is2

Idiff > k1 x Ibias + Is1

I > k1 x 1/2 I + Is1

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

I > Is1 / ( 1 - 0.5 x k1)

Imin = 0.2x 1/(1-0.5 x0.3)

Imin = 0.235 A

Recommended setting for IS2 = 2.0 A = 2.0 In

Recommended setting for k2 = 150%
In rush high current setting Iinrush = 4.0 In

Group Settings (Line differential Protection , 87L2)

Parameter Range setting Remarks

Phase Diff Enabled or Disabled Enabled Operation Off/On

Phase Is1 0.2-2In 0.20 In The minimum pick-up level of the relay.

Phase Is2 1-30In 2.0 In The bias current threshold, above which
the higher percentage bias k2 is used
Phase k1 30-150% 30% The lower percentage bias setting used when the

Phase k2 30-150% 150% The higher percentage bias setting used to

improve relay stability under heavy through fault
Phase Char DT The tripping characteristic for differential
protection element.
Phase time delay 0-100s 0 sec The time delay for the definite time characteristic

PIT time 0-0.2s 0.2sec This timer is initiated upon receipt of PIT flag in
the message.
Ph CT correction 1-8 1 To compensate CT ratios mismatch between
terminals.
compensation None,Cap Cha, None Type of compensation
Vector group
suseptance 10nS - 10S N/A Compensation, set to Cap Charging

PIT I selection Local / Remote Local Current to be used for permissive Intertrip

Relay Bias Curve

bias_curve
x-Is2
Relay Bias Curve
y-Is1
4.50
k1 4.25 k2 Ibais Idiff
0.30 4.00 1.50 ## ##
3.75
0.30 3.50 1.50 ## ##
0.30 3.25 1.50 ## ##
3.00 Percentage
0.30 2.75 1.50 ## ##
2.50 Operate
2.25
Idiff=I1+I2

2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00 Percentage Restrain
0.75
0.50

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

0.25
Is1 0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
Is2
Ibias=(|I1|+|I2|)/2

Protection Function ( Distance Protection , 21L1)

Relay details
Relay Type : P54691AK7M0820M
Make : ALSTOM
Rated current : 1A
Protection Func. : 21-2/67N-2

CT Details
CT Ratio : 1200-600
Adopted Ratio : 1200/1A
CT Secondary : 1A
Class : TPS

System Details
VT Primary : 33kV
VT Secondary : 115V
Voltage : 33kV
Frequency : 60Hz
Actual Fault current : 25000A
X/R Ratio : 28.2
Source Reactance Xs : Ph volt./Ph.cu)*sin(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x sin(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
: 0.762 ohm
Source Resistance Rs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*cos(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x cos(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
: 0.027 ohm
Delta Char Angle : 87.97deg
Line Length : 29.000 Km

Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 + j X1)

: 5.9798 + j 8.3578
: 10.2767 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 + j Xo)

: 5.9798 + j 8.3578
: 10.2767 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42

Line Impedance value of Shortest Adjacent Line is considered same as PL

Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 + j X1)

: 5.97980 + j 8.35780
: 10.277 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 + j Xo )

: 5.980 +j 8.357800

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

: 10.277 L 54.42 deg

: 10.277 L 54.42

Line Impedance value of Longest Adjacent Line is considered same as PL

Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 + j X1)
: 5.97980 +j 8.35780
: 10.277 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 + j Xo )

: 5.97980 +j 8.357800
: 10.277 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42

Zone Reach Details

The following settings are proposed:
Zone 1 : 85% of the protected Line
Zone 2 : 100% of the protected Line + 50% PL
Zone 3 : 120% of the protected Line + PL
Reverse Reach Zone 4 : 35% of protected line ( Reverse Reach)
VT Ratio : 33x1000 / 115 115
= 287
CT Ratio = 1200 / 1
= 1200
Transformation Ratio N = CT Ratio / VT Ratio
= 1200 / 287
= 4.181
Calculated Sec Impedance Zsec = N x Z prim in ohm
Zprim = Primary Impedance in ohm
Line Impedance
Line Impedance secondary = Line Impedance primary x N
= 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181
= 42.97 ohm
Select Line Angle = 54 deg for convenience
Therefore set Line Impedance
and Line Angle: = 42.97 L 54 deg ohm

Zone 1 Phase and Ground Reach settings

Required Zone 1 reach is to be 85% of the line impedance
Set Zone 1 Ph and Zone 1 Gnd reach = 85% of the protected Line

Zone1 Reach Z1 = 0.85 X Line Imp.Primay x N

= 0.85 x 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181
= 36.52 54.4 deg
= 21.25 + j 29.70075 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg
Therefore actual Zone 1 reach, Z1 = 36.52 L 54 deg (secondary)

Zone 2 Phase and Ground Reach settings

Required Zone-2 impedance = 100% of the protected Line + 50% of PL

100% line imp = (1.00x Line Imp. Primay x N)
= (1x10.277 L 54.42x4.181)
= 42.97 54.42 deg
or = 25.003 +j 34.946
50% of short line (sec) = 12.5 +j 17.5
Zone 2 imepedance = 37.5 +j 52.4 (secondary)

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Z2 = 64.453 54.41721
The Line Angle = 54 deg
Therefore actual Zone 2 reach, Z2 = 64.453 L 54 deg (secondary)

Zone 3 Phase and Ground Reach Settings

Required Zone 3 forward reach = 120% of the (protected Line + PL )

120% line imp = (1.2 x Line Imp. Primay x N )
= (1.2x10.277 L 54.42x4.181)
= 51.6 54.42 deg
= 30.002 +j 41.93 ----(1)
120% long line imp (sec) = 30.002 +j 41.93275 ----(2)
Zone 3 forward reach = 60.004 +j 83.86 (secondary) ----(1+2)
= 103.12 54.4169
The Line Angle = 54.0 deg
Therefore actual Zone 3 reach, Z3 = 103.12 L 54 deg (secondary)

Zone 4 Phase and Ground Reach Settings

Zone 4 is reverse direction zone. The setting chosen for Zone 4 shall provide back up protection for
Busbar, T/F
Required Zone 4 Reverse reach = 35% of protected line
Zone 4 Reverse reach = 0.35 x Line Imp.Primay x N
= (0.35 x 10.277 L 54.42x4.181)
= 15.04 54.4 deg
= 8.7515 + j 12.23163 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg
Therefore actual Zone 4 Reverse reach, Z4= 15.04 L 54 deg (secondary)

Load Impedance and Load Angle Calculation:

Maximum Load current (Imax) = 960 A Considered 80% breaker rating

With 110% Overload Capacity
1.1 x Imax. = 1056 A Primary

Minimum operating voltage = 0.9 x Umax

Umin = 29700 V

Minimum Load Impedance ZLoad = Umin / sqrt(3) x Imax

= 29700 / sqrt(3) x 1056
ZLoad Primary = 17.9 ohm
= 18 ohm

ZLoad (Sec.) = 18 x 4.181

= 75.26 ohm
RLoad (Sec.) = Zload min min
= 75.258 * 0.85
Rloadmin Secondary = 64.0 ohm

Minimum Power Factor min = 0.85

min = 31.78 deg
Set Load Angle = min + 3
= 31.78 + 3
= 34.78 deg
Load avoidance 35 deg

The maximum full load current = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

With 110% Overload Capacity

1.1 x IFLC. = 1100 A Primary
or = 0.92 A Secondary

VT secondary Rated Voltage Vn = 115.0 V

With such a heavy load flow, the system voltage may be depressed, typically with phase voltages down to
90% of Vn nominal. Allowing for a tolerance in the measuring circuit inputs (line CT error, VT error, Relay
tolerance, and safety margin), this results in a load impedance which might be 3 times the expected "rating".

To avoid the load, the blinder impedance needs to be set:

Z (Rated voltage Vn) / (IFLC x 3)
115 / (0.92 x 3)
Z 41.667 ohm (secondary)

Set the V< Blinder voltage threshold at the recommended 70% of Vn = 0.7 x 115/1.732 (L-G voltage)
= 46.48 V

Phase fault resistive reaches (RPh)

In primary impedance terms, RPh reaches must be set to cover the maximum
expected phase-to-phase fault resistance. Ideally, RPh must be set greater than the
maximum fault arc resistance for a phase-phase fault, calculated as follows:

1.4
Rarc = (17500 x L) / If
If = Maximum expected phase-phase fault current (A);
L = Maximum phase conductor separation (m); = 2m
Rarc = Arc resistance, calculated from the van Warrington formula (W).

For a Ph-Ph fault the total Ztot = 2 (Zs+ZL)

Impedance = 2(Rs+R1) +j 2(Xs+X1)
= 2*(0.027+5.98) + j 2*(0.762+8.358)
= 12.0136 +j 18.2396
= 21.84 L 56.63 deg
= 21.841 L 56.63

For a Ph-Ph fault, Fault current I F = V / Ztot

at the end of the Line
= 33x1000/21.84
= 1511 A

Rarc for Ph-Ph fault (Primary) = 28710 x 1.5 / ( 1511^1.4 )

= 1.525 ohm

Rarc for Ph-Ph fault(Secondary) = 1.525 x1200 / 287

= 6.37 ohm

Min allowed resistive reach = Rarc

=

Max allowed resistive reach = 60% of RLoad min

= 0.6 x 63.9693
= 38.4 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone1 = 50% of Max allowed reach

=
Setting of Resistive reach zone2 = 70% of Max allowed reach
=

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Setting of Resistive reach zone3 = 80% of Max allowed reach

=
Setting of Resistive reach zone4 = 30% of Max allowed reach
=

Earth fault resistive reaches (RGnd)

For a Ph-E fault, the Line Fault ZF = Z1L + Z2L + Z0L
Impedance 3
= 1/3 * [2Z1 + Z0]
= (1/3)*(2(5.98+j8.358)+(5.98+j8.358))
= 5.980 +j 8.358
= 10.28 L 54.40 deg
= 10.28 L 54.4

Total Fault Impedance Zt = Zs + Z F

= (0.027 + j0.762) + (5.98 + j8.358)
= 6.01 +j 9.12
= 10.920 L 56.63 deg
= 10.92 L 56.63

Ph-E Fault Current at the end of = V / Zt

the Line = 33*1000/SQRT(3)*10.92
= 1745 A

1.4
Rarc for Ph-E fault = 28707d/IF
Length of arc is assumed as (d) = 4.00 m

Rarc for Ph-E fault(primary) = 28707x4/1745^1.4

= 3.324 ohm
Rarc for Ph-E fault(Secondary) = 3.324*1200 / 287
= 13.896 ohm
Tower footing Resistance (Pri) = 0 ohm
Tower footing Resistance (Sec) RT = 0.0 ohm
Min allowed resistive reach = (Rarc+ RT)
= 13.896+0
= 13.896 ohm
Max allowed resistive reach = 70% of RLoad min
= 0.7 x 63.9693
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone1 = 50% of Max allowed reach
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone2 = 70% of Max allowed reach
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone3 = 80% of Max allowed reach
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone4 = 30% of Max allowed reach
=

ZONE TIMER SETTING:

ZONE 1- t1 PP : 0.00 sec

ZONE 1- t1 PE : 0.00 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PP : 0.40 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PE : 0.40 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PP : 0.80 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PE : 0.80 sec
Reverse ZONE 4- t1 PP : 1.20 sec

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Reverse ZONE 4- t1 PE : 1.20 sec

Function ( Power swing Alarming and Blocking )

The power swing detection in the MiCOM P546 is an advanced technique that does not require any start-up
impedance characteristics to be set. The detection technique uses superimposed current (Dl). Thus, the only
setting to make concern whether a zone should be blocked or allowed to trip after a power swing is detected.

DEF
Since it is parallel line "DEF" polarizing based on negative sequence is recommended

DEF V2 Polarity = 2% of Vph-n

DEF charge Angle = Based on the angle of upstream Negative

Phase sequence source impedance
= 30 deg

DEF Threshold = 20% of In

DELTA
Delta charge angle = source impedance angle
= 15% of In = 180.00A
= 19% = 20.9V
= = 13.8V
= = 118.80A
or 9.9% of In

Mode: Advanced
Line Parameters
Parameter Setting Remarks
Group# Group1
Line length 29.000km
Line Impedance 42.9669 ohm (secondary Value)
Line angle 54.0deg
Residual Comp 0.3
Residual Angle -154.0deg
Mutual Comp Disabled
KZm Mutual Set: N/A
KZm Mutual Angle: N/A
Mutual cut-off (k): N/A
Phase Sequence: ABC
CB Tripping Mode 3pole

Distance Setup- Phase Distance

Parameter Setting Remarks
setting Mode advanced
Phase Chars. Quad.
Zone 1 Ph Status Enabled
Zone 2 Ph Status Enabled
Zone 3 Ph Status Enabled
Zone 3 Ph offset disabled
Zone P Ph Status disabled
Zone 4 Ph Status Enabled

Ground Distance

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Parameter Setting Remarks

Ground Char Quad.
Zone 1 Gnd Status Enabled
Zone 2 Gnd Status Enabled
Zone 3 Gnd Status Enabled
Zone 3 Gnd offset disabled
Zone P Gnd Status disabled
Zone 4 Gnd Status Enabled
Digital Filter standard
CVT Filters Disabled
SIR Setting 10
Load Blinders Enabled
Load/B Impedance 41.7ohm
Load/B Angle 34.8deg
Load Blinder V< 46.5 V
Distance Polarizing 1.0
Dir Status Enabled
Delta Char Angle 60.0 DEG
Delta V Fwd 20.9V
Delta V Rev 13.8V
Delta I Fwd 15% of In
Delta I Rev 9.9% of In
AIDED DELTA Ph & Gnd

Distance Element-Phase
Parameter Setting Remarks
Z1 Ph. Reach 36.52 /In ohm all ohmic values are secondary
Z1 Ph. Angle 54.4deg
R1 Ph. Resistive 19.19 /In ohm
Z1 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
Z1 Ph. Sensit. Iph>1 75mA

Z2 Ph. Reach 64.45 /In ohm

Z2 Ph. Angle 54.0deg
R2 Ph. Resistive 28.79 /In ohm
Z2 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
Z2 Ph. Sensit. Iph>2 75mA

Z3 Ph. Reach 103.120 /In ohm

Z3 Ph. Angle 54.0deg
Z3' Ph. Rev Reach N/A
R3 Ph. Res Fwd 32.62 /In ohm
R3' Ph. Res REV N/A
Z3 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
Z3 Ph. Sensit. Iph>3 50mA

Z4 Ph. Reach 15.040 /In ohm

Z4 Ph. Angle 54.0deg
Z4 Ph. Resistive 11.51 /In ohm
Z4 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
Z4 Ph. Sensit. Iph>P 50mA

Distance Element-Ground
Parameter Setting Remarks

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Z1 Gnd Reach 36.52 /In ohm

Z1 Gnd Angle 54.4deg
Z1 Dynamic Tilt disabled
Z1 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
kZN1 res. Comp 0.30
kZN1 res. Angle -154.0deg
kZm1 res. Comp N/A
kZm1 res. Angle N/A
R1 Gnd. Resistive 22.39 /In ohm
Z1 Gnd Sensit. Ignd>1 75mA

Z2 Gnd Reach 64.45 /In ohm

Z2 Gnd Angle 54.0deg
Z2 Dynamic Tilt disabled
Z2 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
kZN2 res. Comp 0.30
kZN2 res. Angle -154.00deg
kZm2 res. Comp N/A
kZm2 res. Angle N/A
R2 Gnd. Resistive 31.35 /In ohm
Z2 Gnd Sensit. Ignd>2 75mA

Z3 Gnd Reach 103.12 /In ohm

Z3 Gnd Angle 54.0deg
Z3 Dynamic Tilt disabled
Z3 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
kZN3 res. Comp 0.30
kZN3 res. Angle -154.0deg
kZm3 res. Comp N/A
kZm3 res. Angle N/A
R3 Gnd. Res Fwd 35.82 /In ohm
R3 Gnd. Res Rev N/A
Z3 Gnd Sensit. Ignd>3 50mA

Z4 Gnd Reach 15.04 /In ohm

Z4 Gnd Angle 54.0deg
Z4 Dynamic Tilt disabled
Z4 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
kZN4 res. Comp 0.30
kZN4 res. Angle -154.0deg
kZm4 res. Comp N/A
kZm4 res. Angle N/A
R4 Gnd. Res 13.43 /In ohm
Z4 Gnd Sensit. Ignd> 50mA

GROUP1 SCHEME LOGIC

BASIC SCHEME
Parameter Setting Remarks

Zone1 Tripping phase& ground

tZ1 Ph Delay 0ms
tZ1 Gnd Delay 0ms
Zone2 Tripping phase& ground
tZ2 Ph Delay 400ms
tZ2 Gnd Delay 400ms
Zone3 Tripping phase& ground
tZ3 Ph Delay 800ms

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

tZ3 Gnd Delay 800ms

Zone P Tripping disabled
tZP Ph Delay n/a
tZP Gnd Delay n/a
Zone4 Tripping phase& ground
tZ4 Ph Delay 1200ms
tZ4 Gnd Delay 1200ms
AIDED SCHEME1
Aid. 1 Selection Blocking 1
Aid. 1 Distance phase& ground
Aid. 1 Dist. Delay 50ms
Aid. 1 DEF enabled
Aid. 1 DEF Delay 50ms
Aid. 1 DEF Trip 3 pole
tRev Guard 20ms
AIDED SCHEME2
Aid. 2 Selection disabled

TRIP ON CLOSE
SOTF Status ExtendedExtPulse
SOTF Delay N/A
SOTF Tripping 000001
TOR Status disabled
TOR Tripping disabled
TOC Reset Delay 1.0s
SOTF Pulse 1.0s
TOC Delay 200ms

Z1 EXTENSION
Z1 Ext. Scheme Disabled

LOSS OF LOAD
LOL Scheme Disabled

DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT SETTINGS

GROUP 1 EARTH FAULT O/C

Parameter Setting Remarks

IN > 1 Status ENABLED

IN > 1 Function DT
IN > 1 Directional Dir Fwd
IN > 1 Current Set 20%In
IN > 1 Time Delay 1s
IN > 1 tReset 0

IN > 2 Status disabled

IN > 3 Status disabled

IN > 4 Status disabled

IN > Blocking 000001

IN > DIRECTIONAL
IN > Char Angle -60deg
IN> Polarisation zero Seq

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

IN > Vnpol Set 6.497V

Aided DEF protection schemes ( Settings Proposed)

GROUP 1 AIDED DEF
Aided DEF Status Enabled
DEF Polarisation Zero seq
DEF Char Angle -45deg
DEF VNpol Set 6.497V
DEF Forward Set 0.15In

Circuit Breaker Failure Protection 50BF/62BF:

Operation On Operation On /Off
I<current check 10% IB Pick up
Ibase 1200 A Base value for current
CB Fail1 status Enabled
CB Fail1 timer tBF1 0.15s Time for stage 1
CB Fail2 status Enabled
CB Fail2 timer tBF1 0.25s Time for stage 2
CB Ext Reset CB open & determines the element that reset CBF time
I< for external protection function initiation CBF

Fuse Failure supervision 98

Operation On Operation On /Off
VTS mode Measured + MCB
UBase 132 Base value for voltage settings
Ibase 1200 Base value for current
VTS status Indication
VTS reset mode auto
VTS time delay 5s Time delay
VTS I>inhibit 10pu Inhibit VTS supervision if there is 3 phase fault

Protection Function (Non Directional Overcurrent and Earth fault -50/51& 50N/51N)
CT RATIO : 1200 / 1 A
Voltage Rating : 33kV
max full load current : 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

51 settings:
- 51 is the Time delayed non-directional relay
- 51 is used as a back up protection for downstream faults. Therefore the operating time depends on
the operating time of the T/F HV overcurrent protection & Bus Tie
- The pickup characteristics should be more than the maximum operating load of the Line
- A pickup settinq of 120 % of the maximum operating load of the Line is proposed.
Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
Pickup setting : = 1.20 x Max load current
( 51P Current Set ) = 1.20 x 1000
= 1200 A (CT primary)
= 1.00 A (CT Secondary)
(I> Current Set ) = 1.00 of In
Characteristics = IEC Norm Inverse
Time Multiplier Setting
Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) for 51 relay = Fault Current / Pickup Current
= 25000.0 / 1200 = 20.84
PSM for TR 51LV relay = 20.00 (Note: If calculated PSM>20, then PSM=20)
Required operating time = = Grading margin + operating time of OG feeder relay
= 400 + 877

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Required operating time = 1277 ms

To achive this operating time, TMS setting has to set as follows
1.277 = 0.14 / {(PSM)0.02 -1} x TMS
0.02
Therefore TMS = ( 1.277 / 0.14 ) x {( 20.00 ) -1} = 0.57
Summarising (51 ABC)
( I> Function ) ON
( I> Current Set ) 1.00 xIn
( I> Characterstics ) IEC Norm Inverse
( I> TMS ) 0.57
50 settings:
50 ABC is the Instantaneous non-directional Over current relay
50 ABC is used as a high speed protection for transformer faults. This will be in
addition to the line protection offered by IED
Fault current on HV side = 25.000 kA( CT Primary)
Recommended Setting:
Pickup setting : = 0.5 x fault Current
= 0.5 x 25000
= 12500 A (CT primary)
= 10.41 A (CT Secondary)
( As no co-ordination is required with downstream relays)
Recommended Time Settinq = 0.2 s
Characterstics IEC Def Time
Summarising (50 ABC)
( I>> Function ) ON
( I>> Current Set ) 10.41 xIn
( I>> Characterstics ) IEC Def Time
( I>> Time Delay ) 0.2 S
Parameter Stage 1 Stage 2 Description
Enabled Enabled Disable/Enable Operation
I>1 function IEC Norm Inv IEC Def Time the tripping characteristic

I>1 direction Non Directional Non Directional direction of measurement

1.00 xIn 10.41 xIn Pick-up setting

>1 Time Delay - 0.2 S the time-delay for the definite
time setting
0.57 - the time multiplier setting
of the IEC IDMT characteristic.
Parameter Stage 3 Stage 4 Description
Disabled Disabled Disable/Enable Operation

I>3 function IEC Def Time IEC Def Time the tripping characteristic

I>3 direction Non Directional Non Directional direction of measurement

0.00 xIn 0.00 xIn Pick-up setting

>3 Time Delay 0.0 S 0.0 S the time-delay for the definite
time setting
0.0 0.0 the time multiplier setting
of the IEC IDMT characteristic.
Remaining Advanced settings ( Left as default)

51N settings:
- 51 N is the Time delayed non-directional Earth Fault relay
- 51 N is used as a back up protection for downstream earth faults. Therefore the operating time

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

depends on the operating time of the T/F HV O/C & Bus section relays
- The pickup characteristics should be more than the standing unbalance current
as seen by the system and the CT's. This has to be checked at site during commsg.
As an assumption, this standing unbalance may be taken as 30% of the max load current

Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

Pickup setting : = 0.30 x Max load current
( 51N Current Set ) = 0.30 x 1000
= 300 A (CT primary)
= 0.25 A (CT Secondary)
(I0> Current Set ) = 0.25 of In
Characteristics = IEC Norm Inverse

Time Multiplier Setting

Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) for 51 relay = Fault Current / Pickup Current
= 25000 / 300 = 83.34
PSM for TR 51LV relay = 20.00 (Note: If calculated PSM>20, then PSM=20)
Required operating time = = Grading margin + operating time of OG feeder relay
= 400 + 469
Required operating time = 869 ms
To achive this operating time, TMS setting has to set as follows
0.869 = 0.14 / {(PSM)0.02 -1} x TMS
Therefore TMS = ( 0.869 / 0.14 ) x {( 20.00 )0.02 - 1 } = 0.39

Summarising (51N)

( I0> Function ) ON
( I0> Current Set ) 0.25 xIn
( I0> Characterstics ) IEC Norm Inverse
( I0> TMS ) 0.39

50N settings:
- 50N is the Instantaneous non-directional Earthfault protection relay
- 50N is used as a back up high speed protection . This will be in addition to the protection
offered by the line protection
- A pickup settinq of 50 % of the maximum operating load of the Line is proposed.
Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
Pickup setting : = 0.50 x Max load current
( 50N Current Set ) = 0.50 x 1000
= 500 A (CT primary)
= 0.42 A (CT Secondary)
(I0>> Current Set ) = 0.42 of In
( As no co-ordination is required with downstream relays)
Recommended Time Settinq = 0.3 s
Characterstics IEC Def Time
Summarising (50N)
( I0>> Function ) ON
( I0>> Current Set ) 0.42 xIn
( I0>> Characterstics ) IEC Def Time
( I0>> Time Delay ) 0.3 S

Parameter Stage 1 Stage 2 Description

Enabled Enabled Disable/Enable Operation

IN>1 function IEC Norm Inv IEC Def Time the tripping characteristic

IN>1 direction Non Directional Non Directional direction of measurement

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

0.25 xIn 0.42 xIn Pick-up setting

- 0.3 S the time-delay for the definite

time setting
0.39 - the time multiplier setting
of the IEC IDMT characteristic.
Parameter Stage 3 Stage 4 Description
Disabled Disabled Disable/Enable Operation

IN>3 function IEC Def Time IEC Def Time the tripping characteristic

IN>3 direction Non Directional Non Directional direction of measurement

0.00 xIn 0.00 xIn Pick-up setting

IN>3 Time Delay 0.0 S 0.0 S the time-delay for the definite
time setting
0.0 0.0 the time multiplier setting
of the IEC IDMT characteristic.
Remaining Advanced settings ( Left as default)

Protection Function (Under voltage-27 )

The under voltage stage settings to based on site and system conditions to be decided
by SEC
VT ratio 33 kV / 115 V

Group settings for (Under voltage-27 )

Parameter Stage 1 ( _1) Stage 2 ( _2) Description
Operation On On Disable/Enable Operation

V<measur't mode Ph-N Ph-N measured input voltage used

for the undervoltage elements
UBase 33 KV 33 KV Base voltage

V<1 function DT DT Tripping characteristic for the

first stage IDMT, DT or Disabled
V<operateMode any phase any phase No. pf phase required
for operation
V<1 voltage set 57 V 47 V Pick up of stages ( first 85%
second at 70%
V<1 time delay 10 S 5S delay time for DT

V<1TMS 0.05 0.05 TMS for INV curve

V<1poledead enabled enabled stage shall be blocked with

pole dead

Protection Function (Over voltage-59 )

The over voltage stage settings to based on site and system conditions to be decided
by SEC
VT ratio 33 kV / 115 V

Group settings for (Over voltage-59 )

Parameter Stage 1 ( _1) Stage 2 ( _2) Description

Operation On On Disable/Enable Operation

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

V>measur't mode Ph-N Ph-N measured input voltage used

for the undervoltage elements
UBase 33 KV 33 KV Base voltage

V>1 function DT DT Tripping characteristic for the

first stage IDMT, DT or Disabled
V>operateMode any phase any phase No. pf phase required
for operation
V>1 voltage set 77 V 87 V Pick up of stages ( first 85%
second at 70%
V>1 time delay 5S 3S delay time for DT

V>1TMS 0.05 0.05 TMS for INV curve

V>1poledead enabled enabled stage shall be blocked with

pole dead

Function (Autorecloser , 79 ) OFF

Number of shot : 1
Dead Time : 0.5s
Reclaim Time : 30.0s
Mode : 3 pole
Group settings (Autorecloser , 79 )
Parameter Setting Remarks
Num CB both CB1 & CB2
Lead/Foll AR mode L1/3P,F3P
AR mode AR 3P
Leader select by Leader by Menu
Select leader Sel leader CB1
BF if Lfail Cls Enable
Dynamic F/L disable
AR shot 1
Multi phase AR allow autoreclose
Discrim time 0.5s
CB IS Time 5s
CB IS mem time 0.5s
DT start by Prot. Prot. Reset
3PDT start when LD disabled
DT start by CB op disabled
Dead line time 1s
SP AR dead time 0.5s
3P AR DT shot1 0.5s
Follower time 5s
SP AR reclaim time 30s
3PAR reclaim time 30s
AR CB healthy time 0.5s
AR CheckSync time 0.5s
Z1 AR Initiate AR
Diff AR Initiate AR
Dist Aided AR Initiate AR
DEF Aided AR block AR
Z2 AR upto Z3 AR Block AR
I>1 AR up to I>4AR No action
IN>1 AR up to IN>4AR No action
ISEF>1 AR up to ISEF>4AR No action
AR system check

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

CB1L SC ALL Enabled

CB1L SC SHOT1 Enabled
CB1L SC ClsNoDly disabled
CB1L SC CS1 Enabled
CB1L SC CS2 disabled
CB1L SC DLLB Enabled
CB1L SC LLDB disabled
CB1L SC DLDB Disabled
CB2F SC ALL Enabled
CB2F SC SHOT1 Enabled
CB2F SC CS1 Enabled
CB2F SC CS2 disabled
CB2F SC DLLB disabled
CB2F SC LLDB disabled
CB2F SC DLDB disabled
Function (Synchrocheck check - 25 )
Group settings (Synchrocheck check - 25 )
Sync Check: ON
Live Line 33V 50% of the applied phase voltage
Dead line 13V 20% of the applied phase voltage
Live Bus1 33V 50% of the applied phase voltage
Dead Bus1 13V 20% of the applied phase voltage
Live Bus2 33V 50% of the applied phase voltage
Dead Bus2 13V 20% of the applied phase voltage
CS overvoltage 80V 120% of the applied phase voltage
Sys Check CB1 Enabled
CB1 CS volt. Blk V< V>Vdiff
CB1 CS1 status Enabled
CB1 CS1 angle 20 deg
CB1 CS1 Vdiff 6.6V 10% of the applied phase voltage
CB1 CS1 slipCtrl Enabled
CB1 CS1 slipFreq 0.05Hz
CB1 CS2 status disabled
Sys Check CB2 Enabled
CB2 CS volt. Blk V< V>Vdiff
CB2 CS1 status Enabled
CB2 CS1 angle 20 deg
CB2 CS1 Vdiff 6.6V 10% of the applied phase voltage
CB2 CS1 slipCtrl Enabled
CB2 CS1 slipFreq 0.05Hz
CB2 CS2 status disabled

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

2. 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM LINE FEEDER-1 & 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Reference Document
PTS-12ED404 : Scope of Work \Technical Specifications
EA-869538 : Relaying & Metering one line diagram

Relay details
Relay Type with approved relay ordering code : 7SD5221-5DB99-9HM7+L0R+M2A+N2J
Make : SIEMENS
Rated current : 1A
Protection Functions : 87L-1/21-1/67N-1

CT Details

CT Ratio : 1200-600
Adopted Ratio : 1200 /1A
CT Secondary : 1A
Class : TPS
Vk : 1200V@1200A tap

System Details
VT Ratio :
VT Primary : 33kV
VT Secondary : 115V
Frequency : 60Hz
Fault Current (AS PER PTS # 73 OF 92) : 25000A
X/R Ratio (AS PER PTS # 73 OF 92) : 28.2
Source Reactance Xs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*sin(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x sin(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
Xs : 0.762 ohm
Source Resistance Rs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*cos(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x cos(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
Rs : 0.027 ohm
Delta Char Angle : 87.97deg
Source Impedance : (Rs + j Xs)
: 0.0270 + j 0.7620
Zs : 0.7625 L 87.97 deg

Line Details

33kV Protection Line 33kV

29.00 Km

S/S-ADARAH S/S#ABU AJRAM

Positive resistance : 0.21

Positive reactance : 0.29
Zero resistance : 0.21
Zero reactance : 0.29

Base MVA : 100 MVA

Total positive resistance = 5.9798000 for 29 kM

Total positive reactance = 8.3578000 for 29 kM

Total zero resistance = 5.9798000 for 29 kM

Total zero reactance = 8.3578000 for 29 kM

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Line Positive Sequence Value : ( R1 + j X1 )

Total Line Positive Sequence : 5.9798 + j 8.3578

: 10.2767 L 54.42 deg
Z1 : 10.277 L 54.42
Line Zero Sequence value : (R0 + j X0)

Total Line Zero Sequence : 5.9798 + j 8.3578

10.2767 L 54.42 deg
Z0 : 10.277 L 54.42

Protection Function (Line differential Protection , 87L1)

basic differential current setting (Idmin )
This is basic differential current setting which determines the minimum pick up level of the relay
The setting of Idmin must be set above 2.5 times the steady state charging current value
Idmin = 2.5 x Icharge
This setting shall take into account the fundamental frequency line charging current and whether a power
transformer included in the protected zone or not

The positive sequence line charging current is arrived as follows

I charge = 1.00A per km
Total line charging current = 1X 29.000KM = 29.000A

IC = I charge Line Charging current refer to

n Secondary side
n = CT Ratio
n = 1200 /1A
= 29 / 1200
IC = 0.024 A
Idmin for differential protection Idmin = 2.5 x Ic
Idmin = 0.060 A

Recommended setting Idmin = 0.20 A = 0.20 In

differential current above the unrestrained limit (Idunre)

Values of differential current above the unrestrained limit will give a trip disregarding all other criteria.
i.e irrespective of internal/external fault discriminator and any presense of harmonics.
The recommended setting is 120% of the highest through fault current that can appear on the protected line
To set this value properly, afault current calculation needs to be carried out.

Calculation for through fault current

Through Fault Current = Un Where Un = System Voltage
Zs + ZL ZS = Source Impedance
ZL = Line Impedance value
Zs = Rs +j Xs
ZL = RL + j XL

Zs + ZL = (0.027+j0.762) + (5.9798+j8.3578 )

= 6.007 +j 9.120
= 10.9203 L 56.63 deg

Maximum Through Fault Current Itmax = Un = 33/1.732

Zs + ZL 6.0068 + j 9.1198

= 33/1.732 = 1744.746 A
10.920 ohm

= 1.745 KA

IdUnre1 = 120% x Itmax

IdUnre1 = 1.745 kA x 1.2

= 2.09 KA

IdUnre = IdUnre1
CT Ratio

IdUnre = 2.09 KA

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

1200 /1A

= 1.745 A
Recommended Setting for IdUnre = 5 xIBase

Setting of fault locator values(LFL) :

Line Length = 29.000 Km

X1 = 8.358 ohm
R1 = 5.980 ohm
X0 = 8.358 ohm
R0 = 5.980 ohm
X1SA = 0.762 ohm
R1SA = 0.027 ohm

Protection Function ( Distance Protection , 21L1)

Protected Line Details:

Line Length : 29.00 Km

Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 +j X1)

: 5.9798 +j 8.3578
: 10.2767 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 +j Xo)

: 5.9798 +j 8.3578
: 10.2767 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42
Line Impedance value of Shortest Adjacent Line is considered as same PL data
Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 +j X1)
: 5.97980 +j 8.35780
: 10.277 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 +j Xo )

: 5.980 +j 8.357800
: 10.277 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42
Line Impedance value of Longest Adjacent Line is considered as same PL data
Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 +j X1)
: 5.97980 +j 8.35780
: 10.277 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 + j Xo )

: 5.980 +j 8.357800
: 10.277 L 54.42 deg
: 10.277 L 54.42
Transformation Ratio N
VT Ratio : 33x1000 / 115
= 287
CT Ratio = 1200 / 1
= 1200
Transformation Ratio N = CT Ratio / VT Ratio
= 1200 / 287
= 4.181

Line Impedance
Calculated Sec Impedance Zsec = N x Z prim in ohm Where Zprim = Primary Impedance in ohm
Line Impedance secondary = Line Impedance primary x N
= 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181
= 42.97 ohm
Select Line Angle = 54 deg for convenience
Therefore set Line Impedance and Line Angle:
= 42.97 L 54 deg ohm

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Zone Reach Details

The following settings are proposed:
Zone 1 : 85% of the protected Line
Zone 2 : 100% of the protected Line + 50% PL
Zone 3 : 120% of the protected Line + PL
Zone4 : 35% of protected line ( Reverse Reach)

Zone 1 Phase and Ground Reach settings

Operation Dir = Forward
Set Zone 1 Ph and Zone 1 Gnd reach = 85% of the protected Line
Zone1 Positive Seq. Reach Z11 = 0.85 X Line Imp.Primay x N
= 0.85 x 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181
= 36.52 54.4 deg
= 21.25032 + j 29.701 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg

Zone1 Zero Seq. Z01 = 0.85 x 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181

= 36.52 54.4 deg
= 21.25032 + j 29.701 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg

Zone 2 Phase and Ground Reach settings

Operation Dir = Forward
Zone 2 reach of the protected line section should not cross the zone 1 reach of the adjacent line section
so that zone 2 of distance relays of both lines not operate at a time.Therefore, zone 2 reach of the subject line
should be the complete protected line section plus 50% of the shortest adjacent line section.
Required Zone 2 forward reach = 100% of the protected Line + 50% of protected line
NOTE: The zone 2 must not be reduced below 120% of the protected line
100% line Positive seq. imp. = (1.00 x Line Imp. Primay x N)
= (1 x 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 42.97 54.42 deg
= 25.003 + j 34.946 ----(1)
50% of short line +ve seq. imp.(sec) = 12.501 +j 17.5 (secondary) ----(2)
Zone 2 Positive Seq. Reach Z12 = 37.50377 + j 52.418 ----(1+2)
= 64.453 54.417
The Line Angle = 54 deg

100% line Zero seq. imp. = (1.00 x Line Imp. Primay x N)

= (1 x 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 42.97 54.42 deg
= 25.003 + j 34.946 ----(3)
50% of short line Zero seq. imp.(sec) = 12.501 +j 17.5 (secondary) ----(4)
Zone 2 Zero Seq. Z02 = 37.504 +j 52.4 ----(3+4)
= 64.453 54.417
The Line Angle = 54 deg

Zone 3 Phase and Ground Reach Settings

Operation Dir = Forword
Zone 3 reach of the subject line section should be set approximately 120% of the combined impedance of
the subject line section plus the longest adjacent line section as zone 3 is usually used to provide overall
back-up protection.
Required Zone 3 forward reach = 120% of the (protected Line + protected line imp )

120% line Positive seq. imp. = (1.2 x Line Imp. Primay x N )

= (1.2x10.277 L 54.42x4.181)
= 51.56 54.42 deg
= 30.002 + j 41.93 ----(1)
120% long line +ve seq. imp.(sec) = 30.00185 + j 41.933 ----(2)
Zone 3 Positive Seq. Reach Z13 = 60.00385 + j 83.865 (secondary) ----(1+2)
= 103.12 54.417
The Line Angle = 54.0 deg

120% line Zero seq. imp. = (1.2 x Line Imp. Primay x N )

= (1.2 x 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 51.56 54.42 deg
= 30.002 + j 41.9 ----(3)
120% long line Zero seq. imp.(sec) = 30.00185 + j 41.933 (secondary) ----(4)
Zone 3 Zero Seq. Reach Z03 = 60.00385 + j 83.865 ----(3+4)
= 103.12 54.417

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

The Line Angle = 54.0 deg

Zone 4 Phase and Ground Reach Settings

Operation Dir = Reverse
Zone 4 is reverse direction zone. The setting chosen for Zone 4 shall provide back up protection for
Busbar, T/F. Zone 4 must reach further behind the relay than zone 2 for the remote end relay
Required Zone 4 Reverse reach = 35% of protected line

Zone 4 Positive Seq. Reverse reach = 0.35 x Line Imp.Primay x N

= (0.35 x 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 15.04 54.4 deg
Z14 = 8.751501 + j 12.232 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg

Zone 4 Zero Seq. Reverse = 0.35 x Line Imp.Primay x N

= (0.35 x 10.277 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 15.04 54.4 deg
Z04 = 8.751501 + j 12.232 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg
Load Impedance and Load Angle Calculation:
Maximum Load current (Imax) = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
With 110% Overload Capacity
1.1 x Imax. = 1100 A Primary

Minimum operating voltage = 0.9 x Umax

Umin = 29700 V

Minimum Load Impedance ZLoad = Umin / sqrt(3) x Imax

= 29700 / sqrt(3) x 1100
ZLoad Primary = 17.2 ohm
= 17 ohm

ZLoad (Sec.) = 17 x 4.181

= 71.08 ohm
RLoad (Sec.) = Zload min min

= 71.077 * 0.85
Rloadmin Secondary = 60.4 ohm

Minimum Power Factor min = 0.85

min = 31.78 deg
Set Load Angle = min + 3

= 31.78 + 3
= 34.78 deg
= 35 deg

Phase fault resistive reaches (RFPP)

In primary impedance terms, RFPP reaches must be set to cover the maximum
expected phase-to-phase fault resistance. Ideally, RFPP must be set greater than the
maximum fault arc resistance for a phase-phase fault, calculated as follows:

1.4
(Arc Resistance) Rarc = (28710 x L) / If
RFPPmin Rarc
If = Maximum expected phase-phase fault current (A);
L = Maximum phase conductor separation (m); = 5 m
Rarc = Arc resistance, calculated from the van Warrington formula (W).
To cover max. fault resistance IF = V / Ztot

Ztotal = 2 (Zs+ZL)
= 2(Rs+R1) +j 2(Xs+X1)
= 12.0136 +j 18.2396
= 21.84 L 56.63 deg
= 21.841 L 56.63
For a Ph-Ph fault, Fault current IF IF = 33x1000/21.84
at the end of the Line IF = 1510.92A
Rarc for Ph-Ph fault (Primary) = 28710 x 5 / ( 1511^1.4 )
= 5.082 ohm
Rarc for Ph-Ph fault(Secondary) = 5.082 x 4.181
= 21.25 ohm
Min allowed resistive reach RFPPmin 21.25 ohm

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Limitations for RFPP shall be defined by the load impedance.

To avoid load enchroachment for the phase-phase measuring elements, the set resistive reach of
any distance protection zone must be less than 60% of the minimum load impedance. Therefore:
RFPPlimit = 60% Rloadmin
= ( 0.6 x 60.4 )
Max allowed resistive reach RFPPlimit = 36.2 ohm

As per relay manual Phase resistive reach should be less than 3 time reactance part of the impedance
reach of that zone
Setting of Resistive reach zone1 3 . X1 = 89.1 ohm
RFPP1 = 71.28 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone2 3 . X2 = 157.3 ohm

RFPP2 = 125.80 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone3 3 . X3 = 251.6 ohm

RFPP3 = 201.28 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach reverse zone4 3 . X4 = 36.7 ohm

RFPP4 = 36.69 ohm
Earth fault resistive reaches (RFPE)
Normally more than 70% of the faults on transmission lines are single phase-to-earth faults.
At these faults, the fault resistance is composed of three parts: arc resistance, resistance of a tower
construction, and tower-footing resistance.
RFPEmin Rarce + Rt + Rtf
1.4
(Arc Resistance) Rarce = (20200 x L) / If
= 21.25 ohm same as above calc.
(Tower construction resistance) Rt = 0 ohm ( as UG cable only)
= 0.00 ohm (Sec)
(tower footing resistance) Rtf = 0 ohm ( as UG cable only)
= 0.00 ohm (Sec) (Sec)

Min allowed resistive reach RFPEmin 21.25 ohm

Limitations for RFPE shall be defined by the load impedance.

To avoid load enchroachment for the phase-earth measuring elements, the set resistive reach of
any distance protection zone must be less than 80% of the minimum load impedance. Therefore:
RFPElimit = 80% Rloadmin
= ( 0.8 x 60.4 )
Max allowed resistive reach RFPElimit = 48.3 ohm

As per relay manual resistive reach should be less than 4.5 time reactance part of the impedance
reach of that zone
Setting of Resistive reach zone1 4.5 . X01 = 133.7 ohm
RFPE1 = 106.92 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone2 4.5 . X02 < 235.9 ohm

RFPE2 = 188.70 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone3 4.5 . X03 < 377.4 ohm

= 301.91 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach reverse zone4 4.5 . X04 < 55.0 ohm
= 55.04 ohm (should be more than Rarc)

ZONE TIMER SETTING:

ZONE 1- t1 PP : 0.00 sec
ZONE 1- t1 PE : 0.00 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PP : 0.40 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PE : 0.40 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PP : 0.80 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PE : 0.80 sec
Reverse ZONE 4- t1 PP : 1.20 sec
Reverse ZONE 4- t1 PE : 1.20 sec

Function ( Phase selection with load encroachment -PDIS,21 )

The PHS function is design to accurate select the proper fault loop in the distance protection function dependent on the fault type. The extensive
output signals from the PHS gives also important information about faulty phase(s) which can be used for fault analysis.
The phase selector must at least cover the overreaching zone 2 in order to achieve correct phase selection for utilizing single phase auto-reclosing
for faults on the entire line. It is not necessary to cover all distance protection zones. A safety margin of at least 10% is recommended. In order to

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

for faults on the entire line. It is not necessary to cover all distance protection zones. A safety margin of at least 10% is recommended. In order to
get operation from distance zones, the phase selection outputs STCNDZ or STCNDI must be connected to input STCND on distance zones.

= atan (X1L+XN)
(R1L+RN)
XN = (X0L-X1L)/3
RN = (R0L-R1L)/3
X1L = 34.944
R1L = 25.002
X0L = 34.944
R0L = 25.002

XN = 0
RN = 0
= 54.445 deg

Phase-to-earth fault in forward direction

X1PHS = 1.44 x X12 = 75.481892

X0PHS = 1.44 x X02 = 75.481892

Fault resistance reach RFPE

RFFwPE = 1.2 X RFPE2 = 226.44

Phase-to-earth fault in reverse direction

The reactive reach in reverse direction is automatically set to the same reach as for forward direction.
No additional setting is required.

Reactive reach is same as for forward

Fault resistance reach RFPE

RFRvPEmin = 1.2 X RFPE2 = 226.44

Phase-to-phase fault in forward direction

The reach in reactive direction is determined by the setting of X1 parameter of phase-to earth
reach. No extra setting is required.

Resistive reach
In the same way as for phase-to-earth fault, the reach is automatically calculated based on the
setting of X1. The reach will be X1/tan(60°) =X1/SQR(3).

Fault resistance reach

RFFwPP > 1.25 x RFPP2 = 157.25

Phase-to-phase fault in reverse direction

Resistive reach
RFRvPPmin > 1.25 x RFPP2 = 157.25
Function ( Power Swing Detection - PSD )
RLdOutFw = 0.8 x RLmin = 48.332 ohm (Outer resistive load boundary, forward)
RLdInFw = 0.8 x RLdOutFw = 38.666 ohm

R1LIn =1.2Re(Z1) = 30.002 ohm

X1InFw = 1.2 x X12 = 62.9 ohm

R1FInFw =1.2 x RFPP2 = 150.96 ohm

X1InRv = 1.2 x X12 = 62.9 ohm

R1FInRv = 1.2 x RFPP2 = 150.96 ohm

Protection Function (Non Directional Overcurrent and Earth fault -50/51& 50N/51N)

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

System Details
CT RATIO : 1200 / 1 A
Voltage Rating : 33kV
max full load current : 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

51 settings:
- 51 is the Time delayed non-directional relay
- 51 is used as a back up protection for downstream faults. Therefore the operating time depends on
the operating time of the T/F HV overcurrent protection & Bus Tie
- The pickup characteristics should be more than the maximum operating load of the Line
- A pickup settinq of 120 % of the maximum operating load of the Line is proposed.
Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
Pickup setting : = 1.20 x Max load current
( 51P Current Set ) = 1.20 x 1000
= 1200 A (CT primary)
= 1.00 A (CT Secondary)
(I> Current Set ) = 1.00 of In
Characteristics = IEC Norm Inverse

Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) for 51 relay = Fault Current / Pickup Current
= 25000 / 1200 = 20.84
PSM for TR 51LV relay = 20.00 (Note: If calculated PSM>20, then PSM=20)
Required operating time = = Grading margin + operating time of OG feeder relay
= 400 + 877
Required operating time = 1277 ms
To achive this operating time, TMS setting has to set as follows
1.277 = 0.14 / {(PSM)0.02 -1} x TMS
1.277 0.14 20.00 0.02 0.57
Therefore TMS = ( / ) x {( ) -1} =

Summarising (51 ABC)

( I> Function ) ON
( I> Current Set ) 1.00 xIn
( I> Characterstics ) IEC Norm Inverse
( I> TMS ) 0.57
50 settings:
50 ABC is the Instantaneous non-directional Over current relay
50 ABC is used as a high speed protection for transformer faults. This will be in
addition to the line protection offered by IED

Fault current on HV side = 25.000 kA( CT Primary)

Recommended Setting:
Pickup setting : = 0.5 x fault Current
= 0.5 x 25000
= 12500 A (CT primary)
= 10.41 A (CT Secondary)
( As no co-ordination is required with downstream relays)
Recommended Time Settinq = 0.2 s
Characterstics IEC Def Time
Summarising (50 ABC)
( I>> Function ) ON
( I>> Current Set ) 10.41 xIn
( I>> Characterstics ) IEC Def Time
( I>> Time Delay ) 0.2 S

51N settings:
- 51 N is the Time delayed non-directional Earth Fault relay
- 51 N is used as a back up protection for downstream earth faults. Therefore the operating time
depends on the operating time of the T/F HV O/C & Bus section relays
- The pickup characteristics should be more than the standing unbalance current
as seen by the system and the CT's. This has to be checked at site during commsg.
As an assumption, this standing unbalance may be taken as 30% of the max load current

Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

Pickup setting : = 0.30 x Max load current
( 51N Current Set ) = 0.30 x 1000
= 300 A (CT primary)
= 0.25 A (CT Secondary)
(I0> Current Set ) = 0.25 of In
Characteristics = IEC Norm Inverse

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Time Multiplier Setting

The line protection settings are coordinated with section and coupler settings

Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) for 51 relay = Fault Current / Pickup Current
= 25000 / 300 = 83.34
PSM for TR 51LV relay = 20.00 (Note: If calculated PSM>20, then PSM=20)
Required operating time = = Grading margin + operating time of OG feeder relay
= 400 + 469
Required operating time = 869 ms
To achive this operating time, TMS setting has to set as follows
0.869 = 0.14 / {(PSM)0.02 -1} x TMS
0.869 0.14 20.00 0.02 0.39
Therefore TMS = ( / ) x {( ) -1} =

Summarising (51N)

( I0> Function ) ON
( I0> Current Set ) 0.25 xIn
( I0> Characterstics ) IEC Norm Inverse
( I0> TMS ) 0.39

50N settings:
- 50N is the Instantaneous non-directional Earthfault protection relay
- 50N is used as a back up high speed protection . This will be in addition to the protection
offered by the line protection
- A pickup settinq of 50 % of the maximum operating load of the Line is proposed.

Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

Pickup setting : = 0.50 x Max load current
( 50N Current Set ) = 0.50 x 1000
= 500 A (CT primary)
= 0.42 A (CT Secondary)
(I0>> Current Set ) = 0.42 of In

( As no co-ordination is required with downstream relays)

Recommended Time Settinq = 0.3 s
Characterstics IEC Def Time
Summarising (50N)
( I0>> Function ) ON
( I0>> Current Set ) 0.42 xIn
( I0>> Characterstics ) IEC Def Time
( I0>> Time Delay ) 0.3 S
Group Settings
Setting Parameter Range Setting Remarks
50P1P (Level 1 pickup (A)) OFF,(0.05-20) 1.2
Group Settings ( Relay Configuration)

Setting Parameter Range Setting Remarks

E21MP (Enable Mho Phase Distance Zones) N, 1-5 N
E21MG (Enable Mho Ground Distance Zones) N, 1-5 N
E21XP (Enable quadrilateral phase distance Zones) N, 1-5 5
E21XP (Enable quadrilateral Ground distance Zones) N, 1-5 5
ECVT (Enable CVT Transient Detection) Y, N N
ESOTF (Switch-onto-fault) Y, N Y
EOOS (Out-of-Step) (Y, Y1, N) Y1
ELOAD (Load Encroachment) Y, N N
E50P (Phase Inst./Def.-Time O/C Elements) (N, 1-4) 1 For SOTF Trip
E32 (Directional Control) (Y, AUTO) AUTO Recommended
ECOMM (Comm. Scheme) (N,DCB,POTT, POTT
EADVS (Advanced Setting) Y, N Y Default setting shall

Group Settings ( Phase Distance Element Reach )

Setting Parameter Range Setting Remarks

XP1 (Zone 1 reactance (ohms, s)) 29.7007
XP2 (Zone 2 reactance (ohms, s)) 52.4180
XP3 (Zone 3 reactance (ohms, s)) 83.8648
XP4 (Zone 4 reactance (ohms, s)) 12.2316 Not used
XP5 (Zone 5 reactance (ohms, s)) Not used
RP1 (Zone 1 resistance (ohms, s)) 21.2503

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

RP2 (Zone 2 resistance (ohms, s)) 37.5038

RP3 (Zone 3 resistance (ohms, s)) 60.0039
RP4 (Zone 4 resistance (ohms, s)) 8.7515 Not used
RP5 (Zone 5 resistance (ohms, s)) Not used
TANGP (Phase no homogeneous correction angle 30

Group Settings (Ground Distance Element Reach)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

ARESE (Enable adaptive resistive element) Y, N N
XG1 (Zone 1 reactance (ohm)) 29.7007
XG2 (Zone 2 reactance (ohm)) 52.4180
XG3 (Zone 3 reactance (ohm)) 83.8648
XG4 (Zone 4 reactance (ohm)) 12.2316 Not used
XG5 (Zone 5 reactance (ohm)) Not used
RG1 (Zone 1 resistance (ohm)) 21.2503
RG2 (Zone 2 resistance (ohm)) 37.5038
RG3 (Zone 3 resistance (ohm)) 60.0039
RG4 (Zone 4 resistance (ohm)) 8.7515 Not used
RG5 (Zone 5 resistance (ohm)) Not used
XGPOL (Quadrilateral ground polarizing quantity) I2, IG I2
Group Settings (Zero Sequence Compensation Factor)
Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks
k0M1 (Zone 1 ZSC Factor Magnitude) (AUTO, 0.000-10)
k0A1 (Zone 1 ZSC Factor Angle) 85 deg
k0M (Forward Zones ZSC factor magnitude)
k0A (Forward Zones ZSC factor Angle) 85 deg
k0MR (Reverse Zones ZSC factor magnitude)
k0AR (Reverse Zones ZSC factor Angle) deg
Group Settings ( Distance Element common time delay)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

Z1D (Zone 1 time delay (cycles)) 0
Z2D (Zone 2 time delay (cycles)) 400 ms
Z3D (Zone 3 time delay (cycles)) 800 ms
Z4D (Zone 4 time delay (cycles)) Not used
Z5D (Zone 5 time delay (cycles)) Not used

Directional Control Element:

The E32=AUTO, as recommended in table 2.2.3, the directional setting will be

Group Settings (Directional control element)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

Order (Ground directional element priority) Combine, Q,V,I QV Defaault

Group Settings (Zone or Level Direction)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

DIR3 ( Zone3/Level3 Directional Control) F, R R
DIR4 ( Zone4/Level4 Directional Control) F, R F
DIR5 ( Zone5/Level5 Directional Control) F, R F

Group Settings ( Switch on to fault scheme)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

EVRST (Switch-onto-fault voltage reset) Y, N Y
VRSTPU (Switch-onto-fault reset voltage) 0.6
52AEND (52A pole open time delay (cycles) OFF
CLOEND (CLSMON or single-pole open 600 Pole open at least
ESOTD (Switch-onto-fault enable duration (cycles)) 12 200ms SOTF drop
CLSMON (Close Signal Monitor) SELOGIC control INXXX Depending on

Group Settings (OUT-OF-STEP BLOCKING(PSB))

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

OOSB1 (Block Zone 1) Y, N Y
OOSB2 (Block Zone 2) Y, N Y
OOSB3 (Block Zone 3) Y, N Y

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 33kV OHL-ABU AJRAM 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

OOSB4 (Block Zone 4) Y, N Y

OOSB5 (Block Zone 5) Y, N Y

Group Settings (Trip Scheme)

ECOMM= POTT, hence the POTT scheme is enabled, below Setting are recommendedfor Current reversal and Weak end in-
Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks
Z3RBD (Zone 3 reverse block time delay (cycles)) 3 TBC
EBLKD (Echo block time delay (cycles)) 10 TBC
ETDPU (Echo time delay pickup (cycles)) 2 TBC
EDURD ( Echo duration time delay 10 TBC
EWFC (Weak infeed trip) Y, N, SP N TBC
PT1 (General permissive trip received) SELOGIC equation INxxx Depending on
EPTDIR (Enable directional element Y, N N

* To be checked during commissioning

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

3. 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE FEEDER-1 & 2 SET-1 (P546)

Reference Document
PTS-12ED404 : Scope of Work \Technical Specifications
EA-869538 : Relaying & Metering one line diagram

Line Details

33kV Protection Line 33kV

21.00 Km

S/S-ADARAH S/S#DOUMAT AL JANDAL

Relay details
Relay Type : P54691AK7M0820M
Make : ALSTOM
Rated current : 1A
Protection Functions : 87L-1

CT Details
CT Ratio : 1200-600
Adopted Ratio : 1200 /1A
CT Secondary : 1A
Class : TPS
Vk : 1200V@1200A tap
System Details
VT Ratio :
VT Primary : 33kV
VT Secondary : 115V
Frequency : 60Hz
Fault Current : 25000A
X/R Ratio (AS per SEC practice) : 28.2
Source Reactance Xs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*sin(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x sin(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
: 0.762 ohm
Source Resistance Rs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*cos(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x cos(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
: 0.027 ohm
Delta Char Angle : 87.97deg
Source Impedance : (Rs + j Xs)
: 0.0270 + j 0.7620
Zs : 0.7625 L 87.97 deg
Line Details
Total Length of the Line : 21.000 Km
Positive resistance : 0.21
Positive reactance : 0.29
Zero resistance : 0.21
Zero reactance : 0.29

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Base MVA : 100 MVA

Positive Resistance (R1) = 4.3302 for 21 kM

Positive Reactance (X1) = 6.0522 for 21 kM

Zero Resistance (R0) = 4.3302 for 21 kM

Zero Reactance (X0) = 6.0522 for 21 kM

Line Positive Sequence Value = ( R1 +j X1 )

Total Line Positive Sequence = 4.3302 + j 6.0522

= 7.4418 L 54.42 deg
Z1 = 7.442 L 54.42
Line Zero Sequence value = (R0 + j X0)

Total Line Zero Sequence = 4.3302 + j 6.0522

7.4418 L 54.42 deg
Z0 = 7.442 L 54.42
Configuration

Menue Text Proposed Setting

Restore default No operation
Setting group Via menu
Active setting GROUP1
Save changes No operation
Copy from GROUP1
Copy to No operation
Setting group 1 Enabled
Setting group 2 disabled
Setting group 3 disabled
Setting group 4 disabled
Distance Enabled
Directioanl EF Enabled
Phas Differential Enabled
Overcurrent Enabled
Neg Sequance disabled
Broken Conductor disabled
Earth fault Enabled
Sensitive E/F disabled
residual O/V disabled
Thermal Overload disabled
Power swing block Enabled
Volt Protection disabled
Frequency Protection disabled
df/dt Protection disabled
CB Fail Enabled
Supervision Enabled
Auto Recloser disabled
Setting values secondary

All labels and measurements visible

Protection Function (Line differential Protection , 87L2)

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

The Relay Bias characteristic is determined by four protection settings.

Is1 : The basic differential current setting which determines the minimum pick up of the relay.
Is2 : A bias thershold setting, above which the higher percentage bias k2 is used.

k1 : The lower percentage bias setting used when the bias current is below I S2.
This provides stability for small CT mismatches, whilst ensuring good sensitivity to
resistive faults under heavy load conditions.
k2 : The higher percentage bias setting used to improve relay stability under heavy through
fault current conditions.

The Tripping criteria can be formulated as

a) for Ibias < Is2

Idiff > k1 x Ibias + Is1

b) for Ibias > Is2

Idiff > k2 x Ibias - ( k2-k1) x I s2 + Is1

Basic Differential setting Is1

This is basic differential current setting which determines the minimum pick up level of the relay
The setting of Is1 must be set above 2.5 times the steady state charging current value
Is1 = 2.5 x Icharge
This setting shall take into account the fundamental frequency line charging current and whether a power
transformer included in the protected zone or not

The positive sequence line charging current is arrived as follows

I charge = 1.00A per km
Total line charging current = 1X 1.000 Km = 1.000A

IC = I charge Line Charging current refer to

n Secondary side
n = CT Ratio
n = 1200 /1A
= 1 / 1200
IC = 0.00083 A

IS1 = 2.5 x Ic
IS1 = 0.002 A

Recommended setting for IS1 = 0.2 A = 0.20 In

Recommended setting for k1 = 30%

If we consider a single end fault with no load but fault current I, the minimum operating fault current is

Idiff = I

Ibias = 1/2 I

Ibias < Is2

Idiff > k1 x Ibias + Is1

I > k1 x 1/2 I + Is1
I > Is1 / ( 1 - 0.5 x k1)

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Imin = 0.2x 1/(1-0.5 x0.3)

Imin = 0.235 A

Recommended setting for IS2 = 2.0 A = 2.0 In

Recommended setting for k2 = 150%
In rush high current setting Iinrush = 4.0 In

Group Settings (Line differential Protection , 87L2)

Parameter Range setting Remarks

Phase Diff Enabled or Disabled Enabled Operation Off/On

Phase Is1 0.2-2In 0.20 In The minimum pick-up level of the relay.

Phase Is2 1-30In 2.0 In The bias current threshold, above which
the higher percentage bias k2 is used
Phase k1 30-150% 30% The lower percentage bias setting used when the

Phase k2 30-150% 150% The higher percentage bias setting used to

improve relay stability under heavy through fault
Phase Char DT The tripping characteristic for differential
protection element.
Phase time delay 0-100s 0 sec The time delay for the definite time characteristic

PIT time 0-0.2s 0.2sec This timer is initiated upon receipt of PIT flag in
the message.
Ph CT correction 1-8 1 To compensate CT ratios mismatch between
terminals.
compensation None,Cap Cha, None Type of compensation
Vector group
suseptance 10nS - 10S N/A Compensation, set to Cap Charging

PIT I selection Local / Remote Local Current to be used for permissive Intertrip

Relay Bias Curve

bias_curve
Relayy-Is1
x-Is2
Bias Curve
4.50
k1 4.25 k2 Ibais Idiff
4.00
0.30 1.50 ## ##
3.75
0.30
3.50 1.50 ## ##
3.25
0.30 1.50 ## ##
3.00 Percentage
0.30
2.75 1.50 ## ##
2.50 Operate
Idiff=I1+I2

2.25
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00 Percentage Restrain
0.75
0.50

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

0.50
0.25
Is1 0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
Is2
Ibias=(|I1|+|I2|)/2

Protection Function ( Distance Protection , 21L1)

Relay details
Relay Type : P54691AK7M0820M
Make : ALSTOM
Rated current : 1A
Protection Func. : 21-2/67N-2

CT Details
CT Ratio : 1200-600
Adopted Ratio : 1200/1A
CT Secondary : 1A
Class : TPS

System Details
VT Primary : 33kV
VT Secondary : 115V
Voltage : 33kV
Frequency : 60Hz
Actual Fault current : 25000A
X/R Ratio : 28.2
Source Reactance Xs : Ph volt./Ph.cu)*sin(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x sin(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
: 0.762 ohm
Source Resistance Rs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*cos(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x cos(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
: 0.027 ohm
Delta Char Angle : 87.97deg
Line Length : 21.000 Km

Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 + j X1)

: 4.3302 + j 6.0522
: 7.4418 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 + j Xo)

: 4.3302 + j 6.0522
: 7.4418 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42

Line Impedance value of Shortest Adjacent Line is considered same as PL

Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 + j X1)

: 4.33020 + j 6.05220
: 7.442 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 + j Xo )

: 4.330 +j 6.052200
: 7.442 L 54.42 deg

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

: 7.442 L 54.42

Line Impedance value of Longest Adjacent Line is considered same as PL

Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 + j X1)
: 4.33020 +j 6.05220
: 7.442 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 + j Xo )

: 4.33020 +j 6.052200
: 7.442 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42

Zone Reach Details

The following settings are proposed:
Zone 1 : 85% of the protected Line
Zone 2 : 100% of the protected Line + 50% PL
Zone 3 : 120% of the protected Line + PL
Reverse Reach Zone 4 : 35% of protected line ( Reverse Reach)
VT Ratio : 33x1000 / 115 115
= 287
CT Ratio = 1200 / 1
= 1200
Transformation Ratio N = CT Ratio / VT Ratio
= 1200 / 287
= 4.181
Calculated Sec Impedance Zsec = N x Z prim in ohm
Zprim = Primary Impedance in ohm
Line Impedance
Line Impedance secondary = Line Impedance primary x N
= 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181
= 31.11 ohm
Select Line Angle = 54 deg for convenience
Therefore set Line Impedance
and Line Angle: = 31.11 L 54 deg ohm

Zone 1 Phase and Ground Reach settings

Required Zone 1 reach is to be 85% of the line impedance
Set Zone 1 Ph and Zone 1 Gnd reach = 85% of the protected Line

Zone1 Reach Z1 = 0.85 X Line Imp.Primay x N

= 0.85 x 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181
= 26.45 54.4 deg
= 15.3908 + j 21.51108 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg
Therefore actual Zone 1 reach, Z1 = 26.45 L 54 deg (secondary)

Zone 2 Phase and Ground Reach settings

Required Zone-2 impedance = 100% of the protected Line + 50% of PL

100% line imp = (1.00x Line Imp. Primay x N)
= (1x7.442 L 54.42x4.181)
= 31.11 54.42 deg
or = 18.102 +j 25.301
50% of short line (sec) = 9.1 +j 12.7
Zone 2 imepedance = 27.2 +j 38.0 (secondary)
Z2 = 46.667 54.41746

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

The Line Angle = 54 deg

Therefore actual Zone 2 reach, Z2 = 46.667 L 54 deg (secondary)

Zone 3 Phase and Ground Reach Settings

Required Zone 3 forward reach = 120% of the (protected Line + PL )

120% line imp = (1.2 x Line Imp. Primay x N )
= (1.2x7.442 L 54.42x4.181)
= 37.3 54.42 deg
= 21.727 +j 30.37 ----(1)
120% long line imp (sec) = 21.7255 +j 30.3651 ----(2)
Zone 3 forward reach = 43.4525 +j 60.73 (secondary) ----(1+2)
= 74.677 54.41756
The Line Angle = 54.0 deg
Therefore actual Zone 3 reach, Z3 = 74.677 L 54 deg (secondary)

Zone 4 Phase and Ground Reach Settings

Zone 4 is reverse direction zone. The setting chosen for Zone 4 shall provide back up protection for
Busbar, T/F
Required Zone 4 Reverse reach = 35% of protected line
Zone 4 Reverse reach = 0.35 x Line Imp.Primay x N
= (0.35 x 7.442 L 54.42x4.181)
= 10.89 54.4 deg
= 6.33669 + j 8.856548 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg
Therefore actual Zone 4 Reverse reach, Z4= 10.89 L 54 deg (secondary)

Load Impedance and Load Angle Calculation:

Maximum Load current (Imax) = 960 A Considered 80% breaker rating

With 110% Overload Capacity
1.1 x Imax. = 1056 A Primary

Minimum operating voltage = 0.9 x Umax

Umin = 29700 V

Minimum Load Impedance ZLoad = Umin / sqrt(3) x Imax

= 29700 / sqrt(3) x 1056
ZLoad Primary = 17.9 ohm
= 18 ohm

ZLoad (Sec.) = 18 x 4.181

= 75.26 ohm
RLoad (Sec.) = Zload min min
= 75.258 * 0.85
Rloadmin Secondary = 64.0 ohm

Minimum Power Factor min = 0.85

min = 31.78 deg
Set Load Angle = min + 3
= 31.78 + 3
= 34.78 deg
Load avoidance 35 deg

The maximum full load current = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
With 110% Overload Capacity

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

1.1 x IFLC. = 1100 A Primary

or = 0.92 A Secondary

VT secondary Rated Voltage Vn = 115.0 V

With such a heavy load flow, the system voltage may be depressed, typically with phase voltages down to
90% of Vn nominal. Allowing for a tolerance in the measuring circuit inputs (line CT error, VT error, Relay
tolerance, and safety margin), this results in a load impedance which might be 3 times the expected "rating".

To avoid the load, the blinder impedance needs to be set:

Z (Rated voltage Vn) / (IFLC x 3)
115 / (0.92 x 3)
Z 41.6667 ohm (secondary)

Set the V< Blinder voltage threshold at the recommended 70% of Vn = 0.7 x 115/1.732 (L-G voltage)
= 46.48 V

Phase fault resistive reaches (RPh)

In primary impedance terms, RPh reaches must be set to cover the maximum
expected phase-to-phase fault resistance. Ideally, RPh must be set greater than the
maximum fault arc resistance for a phase-phase fault, calculated as follows:

1.4
Rarc = (17500 x L) / If
If = Maximum expected phase-phase fault current (A);
L = Maximum phase conductor separation (m); = 2m
Rarc = Arc resistance, calculated from the van Warrington formula (W).

For a Ph-Ph fault the total Ztot = 2 (Zs+ZL)

Impedance = 2(Rs+R1) +j 2(Xs+X1)
= 2*(0.027+4.33) + j 2*(0.762+6.052)
= 8.7144 +j 13.6284
= 16.18 L 57.40 deg
= 16.176 L 57.4

For a Ph-Ph fault, Fault current IF = V / Ztot

at the end of the Line
= 33x1000/16.18
= 2040 A

Rarc for Ph-Ph fault (Primary) = 28710 x 1.5 / ( 2040^1.4 )

= 1.001 ohm

Rarc for Ph-Ph fault(Secondary) = 1.001 x1200 / 287

= 4.19 ohm

Min allowed resistive reach = Rarc

=

Max allowed resistive reach = 60% of RLoad min

= 0.6 x 63.9693
= 38.4 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone1 = 50% of Max allowed reach

=
Setting of Resistive reach zone2 = 70% of Max allowed reach
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone3 = 80% of Max allowed reach

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

=
Setting of Resistive reach zone4 = 30% of Max allowed reach
=

Earth fault resistive reaches (RGnd)

For a Ph-E fault, the Line Fault ZF = Z1L + Z2L + Z0L
Impedance 3
= 1/3 * [2Z1 + Z0]
= (1/3)*(2(4.33+j6.052)+(4.33+j6.052))
= 4.330 +j 6.052
= 7.44 L 54.40 deg
= 7.44 L 54.4

Total Fault Impedance Zt = Zs + ZF

= (0.027 + j0.762) + (4.33 + j6.052)
= 4.36 +j 6.81
= 8.088 L 57.40 deg
= 8.088 L 57.4

Ph-E Fault Current at the end of = V / Zt

the Line = 33*1000/SQRT(3)*8.088
= 2356 A
1.4
Rarc for Ph-E fault = 28707d/IF
Length of arc is assumed as (d) = 4.00 m

Rarc for Ph-E fault(primary) = 28707x4/2356^1.4

= 2.183 ohm

Rarc for Ph-E fault(Secondary) = 2.183*1200 / 287

= 9.128 ohm
Tower footing Resistance (Pri) = 0 ohm
Tower footing Resistance (Sec) RT = 0.0 ohm
Min allowed resistive reach = (Rarc+ RT)
= 9.128+0
= 9.128 ohm
Max allowed resistive reach = 70% of RLoad min
= 0.7 x 63.9693
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone1 = 50% of Max allowed reach
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone2 = 70% of Max allowed reach
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone3 = 80% of Max allowed reach
=
Setting of Resistive reach zone4 = 30% of Max allowed reach
=
ZONE TIMER SETTING:

ZONE 1- t1 PP : 0.00 sec

ZONE 1- t1 PE : 0.00 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PP : 0.40 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PE : 0.40 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PP : 0.80 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PE : 0.80 sec
Reverse ZONE 4- t1 PP : 1.20 sec
Reverse ZONE 4- t1 PE : 1.20 sec

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Function ( Power swing Alarming and Blocking )

The power swing detection in the MiCOM P546 is an advanced technique that does not require any start-up
impedance characteristics to be set. The detection technique uses superimposed current (Dl). Thus, the only
setting to make concern whether a zone should be blocked or allowed to trip after a power swing is detected.

DEF
Since it is parallel line "DEF" polarizing based on negative sequence is recommended

DEF V2 Polarity = 2% of Vph-n

DEF charge Angle = Based on the angle of upstream Negative

Phase sequence source impedance
= 30 deg

DEF Threshold = 20% of In

DELTA
Delta charge angle = source impedance angle
= 15% of In = 180.00A
= 19% = 20.9V
= = 13.8V
= = 118.80A
or 9.9% of In

Mode: Advanced
Line Parameters
Parameter Setting Remarks
Group# Group1
Line length 21.000km
Line Impedance 31.11 ohm (secondary Value)
Line angle 54.0deg
Residual Comp 0.3
Residual Angle -154.0deg
Mutual Comp Disabled
KZm Mutual Set: N/A
KZm Mutual Angle: N/A
Mutual cut-off (k): N/A
Phase Sequence: ABC
CB Tripping Mode 3pole

Distance Setup- Phase Distance

Parameter Setting Remarks
setting Mode advanced
Phase Chars. Quad.
Zone 1 Ph Status Enabled
Zone 2 Ph Status Enabled
Zone 3 Ph Status Enabled
Zone 3 Ph offset disabled
Zone P Ph Status disabled
Zone 4 Ph Status Enabled

Ground Distance
Parameter Setting Remarks

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Ground Char Quad.

Zone 1 Gnd Status Enabled
Zone 2 Gnd Status Enabled
Zone 3 Gnd Status Enabled
Zone 3 Gnd offset disabled
Zone P Gnd Status disabled
Zone 4 Gnd Status Enabled
Digital Filter standard
CVT Filters Disabled
SIR Setting 10
Load Blinders Enabled
Load/B Impedance 41.7ohm
Load/B Angle 34.8deg
Load Blinder V< 46.5 V
Distance Polarizing 1.0
Dir Status Enabled
Delta Char Angle 60.0 DEG
Delta V Fwd 20.9V
Delta V Rev 13.8V
Delta I Fwd 15% of In
Delta I Rev 9.9% of In
AIDED DELTA Ph & Gnd

Distance Element-Phase
Parameter Setting Remarks
Z1 Ph. Reach 26.45 /In ohm all ohmic values are secondary
Z1 Ph. Angle 54.4deg
R1 Ph. Resistive 19.19 /In ohm
Z1 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
Z1 Ph. Sensit. Iph>1 75mA

Z2 Ph. Reach 46.67 /In ohm

Z2 Ph. Angle 54.0deg
R2 Ph. Resistive 28.79 /In ohm
Z2 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
Z2 Ph. Sensit. Iph>2 75mA

Z3 Ph. Reach 74.677 /In ohm

Z3 Ph. Angle 54.0deg
Z3' Ph. Rev Reach N/A
R3 Ph. Res Fwd 32.62 /In ohm
R3' Ph. Res REV N/A
Z3 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
Z3 Ph. Sensit. Iph>3 50mA

Z4 Ph. Reach 10.890 /In ohm

Z4 Ph. Angle 54.0deg
Z4 Ph. Resistive 11.51 /In ohm
Z4 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
Z4 Ph. Sensit. Iph>P 50mA

Distance Element-Ground
Parameter Setting Remarks
Z1 Gnd Reach 26.45 /In ohm

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Z1 Gnd Angle 54.4deg

Z1 Dynamic Tilt disabled
Z1 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
kZN1 res. Comp 0.30
kZN1 res. Angle -154.0deg
kZm1 res. Comp N/A
kZm1 res. Angle N/A
R1 Gnd. Resistive 22.39 /In ohm
Z1 Gnd Sensit. Ignd>1 75mA

Z2 Gnd Reach 46.67 /In ohm

Z2 Gnd Angle 54.0deg
Z2 Dynamic Tilt disabled
Z2 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
kZN2 res. Comp 0.30
kZN2 res. Angle -154.00deg
kZm2 res. Comp N/A
kZm2 res. Angle N/A
R2 Gnd. Resistive 31.35 /In ohm
Z2 Gnd Sensit. Ignd>2 75mA

Z3 Gnd Reach 74.68 /In ohm

Z3 Gnd Angle 54.0deg
Z3 Dynamic Tilt disabled
Z3 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
kZN3 res. Comp 0.30
kZN3 res. Angle -154.0deg
kZm3 res. Comp N/A
kZm3 res. Angle N/A
R3 Gnd. Res Fwd 35.82 /In ohm
R3 Gnd. Res Rev N/A
Z3 Gnd Sensit. Ignd>3 50mA

Z4 Gnd Reach 10.89 /In ohm

Z4 Gnd Angle 54.0deg
Z4 Dynamic Tilt disabled
Z4 Tilt Top Line -5.0deg
kZN4 res. Comp 0.30
kZN4 res. Angle -154.0deg
kZm4 res. Comp N/A
kZm4 res. Angle N/A
R4 Gnd. Res 13.43 /In ohm
Z4 Gnd Sensit. Ignd> 50mA

GROUP1 SCHEME LOGIC

BASIC SCHEME
Parameter Setting Remarks

Zone1 Tripping phase& ground

tZ1 Ph Delay 0ms
tZ1 Gnd Delay 0ms
Zone2 Tripping phase& ground
tZ2 Ph Delay 400ms
tZ2 Gnd Delay 400ms
Zone3 Tripping phase& ground
tZ3 Ph Delay 800ms
tZ3 Gnd Delay 800ms

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Zone P Tripping disabled

tZP Ph Delay n/a
tZP Gnd Delay n/a
Zone4 Tripping phase& ground
tZ4 Ph Delay 1200ms
tZ4 Gnd Delay 1200ms
AIDED SCHEME1
Aid. 1 Selection Blocking 1
Aid. 1 Distance phase& ground
Aid. 1 Dist. Delay 50ms
Aid. 1 DEF enabled
Aid. 1 DEF Delay 50ms
Aid. 1 DEF Trip 3 pole
tRev Guard 20ms
AIDED SCHEME2
Aid. 2 Selection disabled

TRIP ON CLOSE
SOTF Status ExtendedExtPulse
SOTF Delay N/A
SOTF Tripping 000001
TOR Status disabled
TOR Tripping disabled
TOC Reset Delay 1.0s
SOTF Pulse 1.0s
TOC Delay 200ms

Z1 EXTENSION
Z1 Ext. Scheme Disabled

LOSS OF LOAD
LOL Scheme Disabled

DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT SETTINGS

GROUP 1 EARTH FAULT O/C

Parameter Setting Remarks

IN > 1 Status ENABLED

IN > 1 Function DT
IN > 1 Directional Dir Fwd
IN > 1 Current Set 20%In
IN > 1 Time Delay 1s
IN > 1 tReset 0

IN > 2 Status disabled

IN > 3 Status disabled

IN > 4 Status disabled

IN > Blocking 000001

IN > DIRECTIONAL
IN > Char Angle -60deg
IN> Polarisation zero Seq
IN > Vnpol Set 6.497V

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

Aided DEF protection schemes ( Settings Proposed)

GROUP 1 AIDED DEF
Aided DEF Status Enabled
DEF Polarisation Zero seq
DEF Char Angle -45deg
DEF VNpol Set 6.497V
DEF Forward Set 0.15In

Circuit Breaker Failure Protection 50BF/62BF:

Operation On Operation On /Off
I<current check 10% IB Pick up
Ibase 1200 A Base value for current
CB Fail1 status Enabled
CB Fail1 timer tBF1 0.15s Time for stage 1
CB Fail2 status Enabled
CB Fail2 timer tBF1 0.25s Time for stage 2
CB Ext Reset CB open & determines the element that reset CBF time
I< for external protection function initiation CBF

Fuse Failure supervision 98

Operation On Operation On /Off
VTS mode Measured + MCB
UBase 132 Base value for voltage settings
Ibase 1200 Base value for current
VTS status Indication
VTS reset mode auto
VTS time delay 5s Time delay
VTS I>inhibit 10pu Inhibit VTS supervision if there is 3 phase fault

Protection Function (Non Directional Overcurrent and Earth fault -50/51& 50N/51N)
CT RATIO : 1200 / 1 A
Voltage Rating : 33kV
max full load current : 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

51 settings:
- 51 is the Time delayed non-directional relay
- 51 is used as a back up protection for downstream faults. Therefore the operating time depends on
the operating time of the T/F HV overcurrent protection & Bus Tie
- The pickup characteristics should be more than the maximum operating load of the Line
- A pickup settinq of 120 % of the maximum operating load of the Line is proposed.
Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
Pickup setting : = 1.20 x Max load current
( 51P Current Set ) = 1.20 x 1000
= 1200 A (CT primary)
= 1.00 A (CT Secondary)
(I> Current Set ) = 1.00 of In
Characteristics = IEC Norm Inverse
Time Multiplier Setting
Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) for 51 relay = Fault Current / Pickup Current
= 25000.0 / 1200 = 20.84
PSM for TR 51LV relay = 20.00 (Note: If calculated PSM>20, then PSM=20)
Required operating time = = Grading margin + operating time of OG feeder relay
= 400 + 877
Required operating time = 1277 ms
To achive this operating time, TMS setting has to set as follows

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

1.277 = 0.14 / {(PSM)0.02 -1} x TMS

0.02
Therefore TMS = ( 1.277 / 0.14 ) x {( 20.00 ) -1} = 0.57
Summarising (51 ABC)
( I> Function ) ON
( I> Current Set ) 1.00 xIn
( I> Characterstics ) IEC Norm Inverse
( I> TMS ) 0.57
50 settings:
50 ABC is the Instantaneous non-directional Over current relay
50 ABC is used as a high speed protection for transformer faults. This will be in
addition to the line protection offered by IED
Fault current on HV side = 25.000 kA( CT Primary)
Recommended Setting:
Pickup setting : = 0.5 x fault Current
= 0.5 x 25000
= 12500 A (CT primary)
= 10.41 A (CT Secondary)
( As no co-ordination is required with downstream relays)
Recommended Time Settinq = 0.2 s
Characterstics IEC Def Time
Summarising (50 ABC)
( I>> Function ) ON
( I>> Current Set ) 10.41 xIn
( I>> Characterstics ) IEC Def Time
( I>> Time Delay ) 0.2 S
Parameter Stage 1 Stage 2 Description
Enabled Enabled Disable/Enable Operation
I>1 function IEC Norm Inv IEC Def Time the tripping characteristic

I>1 direction Non Directional Non Directional direction of measurement

1.00 xIn 10.41 xIn Pick-up setting

>1 Time Delay - 0.2 S the time-delay for the definite
time setting
0.57 - the time multiplier setting
of the IEC IDMT characteristic.
Parameter Stage 3 Stage 4 Description
Disabled Disabled Disable/Enable Operation

I>3 function IEC Def Time IEC Def Time the tripping characteristic

I>3 direction Non Directional Non Directional direction of measurement

0.00 xIn 0.00 xIn Pick-up setting

>3 Time Delay 0.0 S 0.0 S the time-delay for the definite
time setting
0.0 0.0 the time multiplier setting
of the IEC IDMT characteristic.
Remaining Advanced settings ( Left as default)

51N settings:
- 51 N is the Time delayed non-directional Earth Fault relay
- 51 N is used as a back up protection for downstream earth faults. Therefore the operating time
depends on the operating time of the T/F HV O/C & Bus section relays
- The pickup characteristics should be more than the standing unbalance current

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

as seen by the system and the CT's. This has to be checked at site during commsg.
As an assumption, this standing unbalance may be taken as 30% of the max load current

Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

Pickup setting : = 0.30 x Max load current
( 51N Current Set ) = 0.30 x 1000
= 300 A (CT primary)
= 0.25 A (CT Secondary)
(I0> Current Set ) = 0.25 of In
Characteristics = IEC Norm Inverse

Time Multiplier Setting

Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) for 51 relay = Fault Current / Pickup Current
= 25000 / 300 = 83.34
PSM for TR 51LV relay = 20.00 (Note: If calculated PSM>20, then PSM=20)
Required operating time = = Grading margin + operating time of OG feeder relay
= 400 + 469
Required operating time = 869 ms
To achive this operating time, TMS setting has to set as follows
0.869 = 0.14 / {(PSM)0.02 -1} x TMS
0.02
Therefore TMS = ( 0.869 / 0.14 ) x {( 20.00 ) -1} = 0.39

Summarising (51N)

( I0> Function ) ON
( I0> Current Set ) 0.25 xIn
( I0> Characterstics ) IEC Norm Inverse
( I0> TMS ) 0.39

50N settings:
- 50N is the Instantaneous non-directional Earthfault protection relay
- 50N is used as a back up high speed protection . This will be in addition to the protection
offered by the line protection
- A pickup settinq of 50 % of the maximum operating load of the Line is proposed.
Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
Pickup setting : = 0.50 x Max load current
( 50N Current Set ) = 0.50 x 1000
= 500 A (CT primary)
= 0.42 A (CT Secondary)
(I0>> Current Set ) = 0.42 of In
( As no co-ordination is required with downstream relays)
Recommended Time Settinq = 0.3 s
Characterstics IEC Def Time
Summarising (50N)
( I0>> Function ) ON
( I0>> Current Set ) 0.42 xIn
( I0>> Characterstics ) IEC Def Time
( I0>> Time Delay ) 0.3 S

Parameter Stage 1 Stage 2 Description

Enabled Enabled Disable/Enable Operation

IN>1 function IEC Norm Inv IEC Def Time the tripping characteristic

IN>1 direction Non Directional Non Directional direction of measurement

0.25 xIn 0.42 xIn Pick-up setting

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

- 0.3 S the time-delay for the definite

time setting
0.39 - the time multiplier setting
of the IEC IDMT characteristic.
Parameter Stage 3 Stage 4 Description
Disabled Disabled Disable/Enable Operation

IN>3 function IEC Def Time IEC Def Time the tripping characteristic

IN>3 direction Non Directional Non Directional direction of measurement

0.00 xIn 0.00 xIn Pick-up setting

IN>3 Time Delay 0.0 S 0.0 S the time-delay for the definite
time setting
0.0 0.0 the time multiplier setting
of the IEC IDMT characteristic.
Remaining Advanced settings ( Left as default)

Protection Function (Under voltage-27 )

The under voltage stage settings to based on site and system conditions to be decided
by SEC
VT ratio 33 kV / 115 V
Group settings for (Under voltage-27 )

Parameter Stage 1 ( _1) Stage 2 ( _2) Description

Operation On On Disable/Enable Operation

V<measur't mode Ph-N Ph-N measured input voltage used

for the undervoltage elements
UBase 33 KV 33 KV Base voltage

V<1 function DT DT Tripping characteristic for the

first stage IDMT, DT or Disabled
V<operateMode any phase any phase No. pf phase required
for operation
V<1 voltage set 57 V 47 V Pick up of stages ( first 85%
second at 70%
V<1 time delay 10 S 5S delay time for DT

V<1TMS 0.05 0.05 TMS for INV curve

V<1poledead enabled enabled stage shall be blocked with

pole dead

Protection Function (Over voltage-59 )

The over voltage stage settings to based on site and system conditions to be decided
by SEC
VT ratio 33 kV / 115 V

Group settings for (Over voltage-59 )

Parameter Stage 1 ( _1) Stage 2 ( _2) Description

Operation On On Disable/Enable Operation

V>measur't mode Ph-N Ph-N measured input voltage used

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

for the undervoltage elements

UBase 33 KV 33 KV Base voltage

V>1 function DT DT Tripping characteristic for the

first stage IDMT, DT or Disabled
V>operateMode any phase any phase No. pf phase required
for operation
V>1 voltage set 77 V 87 V Pick up of stages ( first 85%
second at 70%
V>1 time delay 5S 3S delay time for DT

V>1TMS 0.05 0.05 TMS for INV curve

V>1poledead enabled enabled stage shall be blocked with

pole dead

Function (Autorecloser , 79 ) OFF

Number of shot : 1
Dead Time : 0.5s
Reclaim Time : 30.0s
Mode : 3 pole

Group settings (Autorecloser , 79 )

Parameter Setting Remarks
Num CB both CB1 & CB2
Lead/Foll AR mode L1/3P,F3P
AR mode AR 3P
Leader select by Leader by Menu
Select leader Sel leader CB1
BF if Lfail Cls Enable
Dynamic F/L disable
AR shot 1
Multi phase AR allow autoreclose
Discrim time 0.5s
CB IS Time 5s
CB IS mem time 0.5s
DT start by Prot. Prot. Reset
3PDT start when LD disabled
DT start by CB op disabled
Dead line time 1s
SP AR dead time 0.5s
3P AR DT shot1 0.5s
Follower time 5s
SP AR reclaim time 30s
3PAR reclaim time 30s
AR CB healthy time 0.5s
AR CheckSync time 0.5s
Z1 AR Initiate AR
Diff AR Initiate AR
Dist Aided AR Initiate AR
DEF Aided AR block AR
Z2 AR upto Z3 AR Block AR
I>1 AR up to I>4AR No action
IN>1 AR up to IN>4AR No action
ISEF>1 AR up to ISEF>4AR No action
AR system check
CB1L SC ALL Enabled

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE 1 AND 2 SET-1 (P546-ALSTOM)

CB1L SC SHOT1 Enabled

CB1L SC ClsNoDly disabled
CB1L SC CS1 Enabled
CB1L SC CS2 disabled
CB1L SC DLLB Enabled
CB1L SC LLDB disabled
CB1L SC DLDB Disabled
CB2F SC ALL Enabled
CB2F SC SHOT1 Enabled
CB2F SC CS1 Enabled
CB2F SC CS2 disabled
CB2F SC DLLB disabled
CB2F SC LLDB disabled
CB2F SC DLDB disabled
Function (Synchrocheck check - 25 )
Group settings (Synchrocheck check - 25 )
Sync Check: ON
Live Line 33V 50% of the applied phase voltage
Dead line 13V 20% of the applied phase voltage
Live Bus1 33V 50% of the applied phase voltage
Dead Bus1 13V 20% of the applied phase voltage
Live Bus2 33V 50% of the applied phase voltage
Dead Bus2 13V 20% of the applied phase voltage
CS overvoltage 80V 120% of the applied phase voltage
Sys Check CB1 Enabled
CB1 CS volt. Blk V< V>Vdiff
CB1 CS1 status Enabled
CB1 CS1 angle 20 deg
CB1 CS1 Vdiff 6.6V 10% of the applied phase voltage
CB1 CS1 slipCtrl Enabled
CB1 CS1 slipFreq 0.05Hz
CB1 CS2 status disabled
Sys Check CB2 Enabled
CB2 CS volt. Blk V< V>Vdiff
CB2 CS1 status Enabled
CB2 CS1 angle 20 deg
CB2 CS1 Vdiff 6.6V 10% of the applied phase voltage
CB2 CS1 slipCtrl Enabled
CB2 CS1 slipFreq 0.05Hz
CB2 CS2 status disabled

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

4. 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL LINE FEEDER-1 & 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Reference Document
PTS-12ED404 : Scope of Work \Technical Specifications
EA-869538 : Relaying & Metering one line diagram

Relay details
Relay Type with approved relay ordering code : 7SD5221-5DB99-9HM7+L0R+M2A+N2J
Make : SIEMENS
Rated current : 1A
Protection Functions : 87L-1/21-1/67N-1

CT Details

CT Ratio : 1200-600
Adopted Ratio : 1200 /1A
CT Secondary : 1A
Class : TPS
Vk : 1200V@1200A tap

System Details
VT Ratio :
VT Primary : 33kV
VT Secondary : 115V
Frequency : 60Hz
Fault Current (AS PER PTS # 73 OF 92) : 25000A
X/R Ratio (AS PER PTS # 73 OF 92) : 28.2
Source Reactance Xs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*sin(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x sin(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
Xs : 0.762 ohm
Source Resistance Rs : (Ph volt./Ph.cu)*cos(ATAN(X/R))
: (33 x 1000 x cos(ATAN(28.2))
sqrt(3) x 25000
Rs : 0.027 ohm
Delta Char Angle : 87.97deg
Source Impedance : (Rs + j Xs)
: 0.0270 + j 0.7620
Zs : 0.7625 L 87.97 deg

Line Details

33kV Protection Line 33kV

21.00 Km

S/S-ADARAH S/S#DOUMAT AL JANDAL

Positive resistance : 0.21

Positive reactance : 0.29
Zero resistance : 0.21
Zero reactance : 0.29

Base MVA : 100 MVA

Total positive resistance = 4.3302000 for 21 kM

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Total positive reactance = 6.0522000 for 21 kM

Total zero resistance = 4.3302000 for 21 kM

Total zero reactance = 6.0522000 for 21 kM

Line Positive Sequence Value : ( R1 + j X1 )

Total Line Positive Sequence : 4.3302 + j 6.0522

: 7.4418 L 54.42 deg
Z1 : 7.442 L 54.42
Line Zero Sequence value : (R0 + j X0)

Total Line Zero Sequence : 4.3302 + j 6.0522

7.4418 L 54.42 deg
Z0 : 7.442 L 54.42

Protection Function (Line differential Protection , 87L1)

basic differential current setting (Idmin )
This is basic differential current setting which determines the minimum pick up level of the relay
The setting of Idmin must be set above 2.5 times the steady state charging current value
Idmin = 2.5 x Icharge
This setting shall take into account the fundamental frequency line charging current and whether a power
transformer included in the protected zone or not

The positive sequence line charging current is arrived as follows

I charge = 1.00A per km
Total line charging current = 1X 21.000KM = 21.000A

IC = I charge Line Charging current refer to

n Secondary side
n = CT Ratio
n = 1200 /1A
= 21 / 1200
IC = 0.018 A
Idmin for differential protection Idmin = 2.5 x Ic
Idmin = 0.044 A

Recommended setting Idmin = 0.20 A = 0.20 In

differential current above the unrestrained limit (Idunre)

Values of differential current above the unrestrained limit will give a trip disregarding all other criteria.
i.e irrespective of internal/external fault discriminator and any presense of harmonics.
The recommended setting is 120% of the highest through fault current that can appear on the protected line
To set this value properly, afault current calculation needs to be carried out.

Calculation for through fault current

Through Fault Current = Un Where Un = System Voltage
Zs + ZL ZS = Source Impedance
ZL = Line Impedance value
Zs = Rs +j Xs
ZL = RL + j XL

Zs + ZL = (0.027+j0.762) + (4.3302+j6.0522 )

= 4.357 +j 6.814
= 8.0882 L 57.40 deg

Maximum Through Fault Current Itmax = Un = 33/1.732

Zs + ZL 4.3572 + j 6.8142

= 33/1.732 = 2355.676 A
8.088 ohm

= 2.356 KA

IdUnre1 = 120% x Itmax

IdUnre1 = 2.356 kA x 1.2

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

= 2.83 KA

IdUnre = IdUnre1
CT Ratio

IdUnre = 2.83 KA
1200 /1A

= 2.356 A

Recommended Setting for IdUnre = 5 xIBase

Setting of fault locator values(LFL) :

Line Length = 21.000 Km

X1 = 6.052 ohm
R1 = 4.330 ohm
X0 = 6.052 ohm
R0 = 4.330 ohm
X1SA = 0.762 ohm
R1SA = 0.027 ohm

Protection Function ( Distance Protection , 21L1)

Protected Line Details:

Line Length : 21.00 Km

Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 +j X1)

: 4.3302 +j 6.0522
: 7.4418 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 +j Xo)

: 4.3302 +j 6.0522
: 7.4418 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42
Line Impedance value of Shortest Adjacent Line is considered as same PL data
Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 +j X1)
: 4.33020 +j 6.05220
: 7.442 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 +j Xo )

: 4.330 +j 6.052200
: 7.442 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42
Line Impedance value of Longest Adjacent Line is considered as same PL data
Total +VE Sequence Impedance : (R1 +j X1)
: 4.33020 +j 6.05220
: 7.442 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42

Total Zero Sequence Impedance : (R0 + j Xo )

: 4.330 +j 6.052200
: 7.442 L 54.42 deg
: 7.442 L 54.42
Transformation Ratio N
VT Ratio : 33x1000 / 115
= 287
CT Ratio = 1200 / 1
= 1200
Transformation Ratio N = CT Ratio / VT Ratio
= 1200 / 287
= 4.181

Line Impedance

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Calculated Sec Impedance Zsec = N x Z prim in ohm Where Zprim = Primary Impedance in ohm
Line Impedance secondary = Line Impedance primary x N
= 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181
= 31.11 ohm
Select Line Angle = 54 deg for convenience
Therefore set Line Impedance and Line Angle:
= 31.11 L 54 deg ohm

Zone Reach Details

The following settings are proposed:
Zone 1 : 85% of the protected Line
Zone 2 : 100% of the protected Line + 50% PL
Zone 3 : 120% of the protected Line + PL
Zone4 : 35% of protected line ( Reverse Reach)

Zone 1 Phase and Ground Reach settings

Operation Dir = Forward
Set Zone 1 Ph and Zone 1 Gnd reach = 85% of the protected Line
Zone1 Positive Seq. Reach Z11 = 0.85 X Line Imp.Primay x N
= 0.85 x 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181
= 26.45 54.4 deg
= 15.39077 + j 21.511 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg

Zone1 Zero Seq. Z01 = 0.85 x 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181

= 26.45 54.4 deg
= 15.39077 + j 21.511 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg

Zone 2 Phase and Ground Reach settings

Operation Dir = Forward
Zone 2 reach of the protected line section should not cross the zone 1 reach of the adjacent line section
so that zone 2 of distance relays of both lines not operate at a time.Therefore, zone 2 reach of the subject line
should be the complete protected line section plus 50% of the shortest adjacent line section.
Required Zone 2 forward reach = 100% of the protected Line + 50% of protected line
NOTE: The zone 2 must not be reduced below 120% of the protected line
100% line Positive seq. imp. = (1.00 x Line Imp. Primay x N)
= (1 x 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 31.11 54.42 deg
= 18.102 + j 25.301 ----(1)
50% of short line +ve seq. imp.(sec) = 9.052 +j 12.7 (secondary) ----(2)
Zone 2 Positive Seq. Reach Z12 = 27.15428 + j 37.953 ----(1+2)
= 46.667 54.417
The Line Angle = 54 deg

100% line Zero seq. imp. = (1.00 x Line Imp. Primay x N)

= (1 x 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 31.11 54.42 deg
= 18.102 + j 25.301 ----(3)
50% of short line Zero seq. imp.(sec) = 9.052 +j 12.7 (secondary) ----(4)
Zone 2 Zero Seq. Z02 = 27.154 +j 38.0 ----(3+4)
= 46.667 54.417
The Line Angle = 54 deg

Zone 3 Phase and Ground Reach Settings

Operation Dir = Forword
Zone 3 reach of the subject line section should be set approximately 120% of the combined impedance of
the subject line section plus the longest adjacent line section as zone 3 is usually used to provide overall
back-up protection.
Required Zone 3 forward reach = 120% of the (protected Line + protected line imp )

120% line Positive seq. imp. = (1.2 x Line Imp. Primay x N )

= (1.2x7.442 L 54.42x4.181)
= 37.34 54.42 deg
= 21.727 + j 30.37 ----(1)
120% long line +ve seq. imp.(sec) = 21.72548 + j 30.365 ----(2)
Zone 3 Positive Seq. Reach Z13 = 43.45248 + j 60.733 (secondary) ----(1+2)
= 74.677 54.418
The Line Angle = 54.0 deg

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120% line Zero seq. imp. = (1.2 x Line Imp. Primay x N )

= (1.2 x 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 37.34 54.42 deg
= 21.727 + j 30.4 ----(3)
120% long line Zero seq. imp.(sec) = 21.72548 + j 30.365 (secondary) ----(4)
Zone 3 Zero Seq. Reach Z03 = 43.45248 + j 60.733 ----(3+4)
= 74.677 54.418
The Line Angle = 54.0 deg

Zone 4 Phase and Ground Reach Settings

Operation Dir = Reverse
Zone 4 is reverse direction zone. The setting chosen for Zone 4 shall provide back up protection for
Busbar, T/F. Zone 4 must reach further behind the relay than zone 2 for the remote end relay
Required Zone 4 Reverse reach = 35% of protected line

Zone 4 Positive Seq. Reverse reach = 0.35 x Line Imp.Primay x N

= (0.35 x 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 10.89 54.4 deg
Z14 = 6.336692 + j 8.8565 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg

Zone 4 Zero Seq. Reverse = 0.35 x Line Imp.Primay x N

= (0.35 x 7.442 L 54.42 x 4.181)
= 10.89 54.4 deg
Z04 = 6.336692 + j 8.8565 (secondary)
The Line Angle = 54 deg
Load Impedance and Load Angle Calculation:
Maximum Load current (Imax) = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
With 110% Overload Capacity
1.1 x Imax. = 1100 A Primary

Minimum operating voltage = 0.9 x Umax

Umin = 29700 V

Minimum Load Impedance ZLoad = Umin / sqrt(3) x Imax

= 29700 / sqrt(3) x 1100
ZLoad Primary = 17.2 ohm
= 17 ohm

ZLoad (Sec.) = 17 x 4.181

= 71.08 ohm
RLoad (Sec.) = Zload min min

= 71.077 * 0.85
Rloadmin Secondary = 60.4 ohm

Minimum Power Factor min = 0.85

min = 31.78 deg
Set Load Angle = min + 3

= 31.78 + 3
= 34.78 deg
= 35 deg

Phase fault resistive reaches (RFPP)

In primary impedance terms, RFPP reaches must be set to cover the maximum
expected phase-to-phase fault resistance. Ideally, RFPP must be set greater than the
maximum fault arc resistance for a phase-phase fault, calculated as follows:

1.4
(Arc Resistance) Rarc = (28710 x L) / If
RFPPmin Rarc
If = Maximum expected phase-phase fault current (A);
L = Maximum phase conductor separation (m); = 5 m
Rarc = Arc resistance, calculated from the van Warrington formula (W).
To cover max. fault resistance IF = V / Ztot

Ztotal = 2 (Zs+ZL)
= 2(Rs+R1) +j 2(Xs+X1)
= 8.7144 +j 13.6284
= 16.18 L 57.40 deg
= 16.176 L 57.4

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

For a Ph-Ph fault, Fault current IF IF = 33x1000/16.18

at the end of the Line IF = 2040.06A
Rarc for Ph-Ph fault (Primary) = 28710 x 5 / ( 2040^1.4 )
= 3.338 ohm
Rarc for Ph-Ph fault(Secondary) = 3.338 x 4.181
= 13.96 ohm
Min allowed resistive reach RFPPmin 13.96 ohm
Limitations for RFPP shall be defined by the load impedance.
To avoid load enchroachment for the phase-phase measuring elements, the set resistive reach of
any distance protection zone must be less than 60% of the minimum load impedance. Therefore:
RFPPlimit = 60% Rloadmin
= ( 0.6 x 60.4 )
Max allowed resistive reach RFPPlimit = 36.2 ohm

As per relay manual Phase resistive reach should be less than 3 time reactance part of the impedance
reach of that zone
Setting of Resistive reach zone1 3 . X1 = 64.5 ohm
RFPP1 = 51.63 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone2 3 . X2 = 113.9 ohm

RFPP2 = 91.09 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone3 3 . X3 = 182.2 ohm

RFPP3 = 145.76 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach reverse zone4 3 . X4 = 26.6 ohm

RFPP4 = 26.57 ohm
Earth fault resistive reaches (RFPE)
Normally more than 70% of the faults on transmission lines are single phase-to-earth faults.
At these faults, the fault resistance is composed of three parts: arc resistance, resistance of a tower
construction, and tower-footing resistance.
RFPEmin Rarce + Rt + Rtf
1.4
(Arc Resistance) Rarce = (20200 x L) / If
= 13.96 ohm same as above calc.
(Tower construction resistance) Rt = 0 ohm ( as UG cable only)
= 0.00 ohm (Sec)
(tower footing resistance) Rtf = 0 ohm ( as UG cable only)
= 0.00 ohm (Sec) (Sec)

Min allowed resistive reach RFPEmin 13.96 ohm

Limitations for RFPE shall be defined by the load impedance.

To avoid load enchroachment for the phase-earth measuring elements, the set resistive reach of
any distance protection zone must be less than 80% of the minimum load impedance. Therefore:
RFPElimit = 80% Rloadmin
= ( 0.8 x 60.4 )
Max allowed resistive reach RFPElimit = 48.3 ohm

As per relay manual resistive reach should be less than 4.5 time reactance part of the impedance
reach of that zone
Setting of Resistive reach zone1 4.5 . X01 = 96.8 ohm
RFPE1 = 77.44 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone2 4.5 . X02 < 170.8 ohm

RFPE2 = 136.63 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach zone3 4.5 . X03 < 273.3 ohm

= 218.64 ohm

Setting of Resistive reach reverse zone4 4.5 . X04 < 39.9 ohm
= 39.85 ohm (should be more than Rarc)

ZONE TIMER SETTING:

ZONE 1- t1 PP : 0.00 sec
ZONE 1- t1 PE : 0.00 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PP : 0.40 sec
ZONE 2- t1 PE : 0.40 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PP : 0.80 sec
ZONE 3- t1 PE : 0.80 sec
Reverse ZONE 4- t1 PP : 1.20 sec

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Reverse ZONE 4- t1 PE : 1.20 sec

Function ( Phase selection with load encroachment -PDIS,21 )

The PHS function is design to accurate select the proper fault loop in the distance protection function dependent on the fault type. The extensive
output signals from the PHS gives also important information about faulty phase(s) which can be used for fault analysis.
The phase selector must at least cover the overreaching zone 2 in order to achieve correct phase selection for utilizing single phase auto-reclosing
for faults on the entire line. It is not necessary to cover all distance protection zones. A safety margin of at least 10% is recommended. In order to
get operation from distance zones, the phase selection outputs STCNDZ or STCNDI must be connected to input STCND on distance zones.

= atan (X1L+XN)
(R1L+RN)
XN = (X0L-X1L)/3
RN = (R0L-R1L)/3
X1L = 25.304
R1L = 18.105
X0L = 25.304
R0L = 18.105

XN = 0
RN = 0
= 54.445 deg

Phase-to-earth fault in forward direction

X1PHS = 1.44 x X12 = 54.652499

X0PHS = 1.44 x X02 = 54.652499

Fault resistance reach RFPE

RFFwPE = 1.2 X RFPE2 = 163.956

Phase-to-earth fault in reverse direction

The reactive reach in reverse direction is automatically set to the same reach as for forward direction.
No additional setting is required.

Reactive reach is same as for forward

Fault resistance reach RFPE

RFRvPEmin = 1.2 X RFPE2 = 163.956

Phase-to-phase fault in forward direction

The reach in reactive direction is determined by the setting of X1 parameter of phase-to earth
reach. No extra setting is required.

Resistive reach
In the same way as for phase-to-earth fault, the reach is automatically calculated based on the
setting of X1. The reach will be X1/tan(60°) =X1/SQR(3).

Fault resistance reach

RFFwPP > 1.25 x RFPP2 = 113.8625

Phase-to-phase fault in reverse direction

Resistive reach
RFRvPPmin > 1.25 x RFPP2 = 113.8625
Function ( Power Swing Detection - PSD )
RLdOutFw = 0.8 x RLmin = 48.332 ohm (Outer resistive load boundary, forward)
RLdInFw = 0.8 x RLdOutFw = 38.666 ohm

R1LIn =1.2Re(Z1) = 21.725 ohm

X1InFw = 1.2 x X12 = 45.5 ohm

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

R1FInFw =1.2 x RFPP2 = 109.31 ohm

X1InRv = 1.2 x X12 = 45.5 ohm

R1FInRv = 1.2 x RFPP2 = 109.31 ohm

Protection Function (Non Directional Overcurrent and Earth fault -50/51& 50N/51N)

System Details
CT RATIO : 1200 / 1 A
Voltage Rating : 33kV
max full load current : 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

51 settings:
- 51 is the Time delayed non-directional relay
- 51 is used as a back up protection for downstream faults. Therefore the operating time depends on
the operating time of the T/F HV overcurrent protection & Bus Tie
- The pickup characteristics should be more than the maximum operating load of the Line
- A pickup settinq of 120 % of the maximum operating load of the Line is proposed.
Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating
Pickup setting : = 1.20 x Max load current
( 51P Current Set ) = 1.20 x 1000
= 1200 A (CT primary)
= 1.00 A (CT Secondary)
(I> Current Set ) = 1.00 of In
Characteristics = IEC Norm Inverse

Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) for 51 relay = Fault Current / Pickup Current
= 25000 / 1200 = 20.84
PSM for TR 51LV relay = 20.00 (Note: If calculated PSM>20, then PSM=20)
Required operating time = = Grading margin + operating time of OG feeder relay
= 400 + 877
Required operating time = 1277 ms
To achive this operating time, TMS setting has to set as follows
1.277 = 0.14 / {(PSM)0.02 -1} x TMS
1.277 0.14 20.00 0.02 0.57
Therefore TMS = ( / ) x {( ) -1} =

Summarising (51 ABC)

( I> Function ) ON
( I> Current Set ) 1.00 xIn
( I> Characterstics ) IEC Norm Inverse
( I> TMS ) 0.57
50 settings:
50 ABC is the Instantaneous non-directional Over current relay
50 ABC is used as a high speed protection for transformer faults. This will be in
addition to the line protection offered by IED

Fault current on HV side = 25.000 kA( CT Primary)

Recommended Setting:
Pickup setting : = 0.5 x fault Current
= 0.5 x 25000
= 12500 A (CT primary)
= 10.41 A (CT Secondary)
( As no co-ordination is required with downstream relays)
Recommended Time Settinq = 0.2 s
Characterstics IEC Def Time
Summarising (50 ABC)
( I>> Function ) ON
( I>> Current Set ) 10.41 xIn
( I>> Characterstics ) IEC Def Time
( I>> Time Delay ) 0.2 S

51N settings:
- 51 N is the Time delayed non-directional Earth Fault relay
- 51 N is used as a back up protection for downstream earth faults. Therefore the operating time
depends on the operating time of the T/F HV O/C & Bus section relays
- The pickup characteristics should be more than the standing unbalance current
as seen by the system and the CT's. This has to be checked at site during commsg.
As an assumption, this standing unbalance may be taken as 30% of the max load current

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

Pickup setting : = 0.30 x Max load current
( 51N Current Set ) = 0.30 x 1000
= 300 A (CT primary)
= 0.25 A (CT Secondary)
(I0> Current Set ) = 0.25 of In
Characteristics = IEC Norm Inverse

Time Multiplier Setting

The line protection settings are coordinated with section and coupler settings

Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) for 51 relay = Fault Current / Pickup Current
= 25000 / 300 = 83.34
PSM for TR 51LV relay = 20.00 (Note: If calculated PSM>20, then PSM=20)
Required operating time = = Grading margin + operating time of OG feeder relay
= 400 + 469
Required operating time = 869 ms
To achive this operating time, TMS setting has to set as follows
0.869 = 0.14 / {(PSM)0.02 -1} x TMS
0.869 0.14 20.00 0.02 0.39
Therefore TMS = ( / ) x {( ) -1} =

Summarising (51N)

( I0> Function ) ON
( I0> Current Set ) 0.25 xIn
( I0> Characterstics ) IEC Norm Inverse
( I0> TMS ) 0.39

50N settings:
- 50N is the Instantaneous non-directional Earthfault protection relay
- 50N is used as a back up high speed protection . This will be in addition to the protection
offered by the line protection
- A pickup settinq of 50 % of the maximum operating load of the Line is proposed.

Maximum load on the line = 1000 A Considered 80% breaker rating

Pickup setting : = 0.50 x Max load current
( 50N Current Set ) = 0.50 x 1000
= 500 A (CT primary)
= 0.42 A (CT Secondary)
(I0>> Current Set ) = 0.42 of In

( As no co-ordination is required with downstream relays)

Recommended Time Settinq = 0.3 s
Characterstics IEC Def Time
Summarising (50N)
( I0>> Function ) ON
( I0>> Current Set ) 0.42 xIn
( I0>> Characterstics ) IEC Def Time
( I0>> Time Delay ) 0.3 S
Group Settings
Setting Parameter Range Setting Remarks
50P1P (Level 1 pickup (A)) OFF,(0.05-20) 1.2
Group Settings ( Relay Configuration)

Setting Parameter Range Setting Remarks

E21MP (Enable Mho Phase Distance Zones) N, 1-5 N
E21MG (Enable Mho Ground Distance Zones) N, 1-5 N
E21XP (Enable quadrilateral phase distance Zones) N, 1-5 5
E21XP (Enable quadrilateral Ground distance Zones) N, 1-5 5
ECVT (Enable CVT Transient Detection) Y, N N
ESOTF (Switch-onto-fault) Y, N Y
EOOS (Out-of-Step) (Y, Y1, N) Y1
ELOAD (Load Encroachment) Y, N N
E50P (Phase Inst./Def.-Time O/C Elements) (N, 1-4) 1 For SOTF Trip
E32 (Directional Control) (Y, AUTO) AUTO Recommended
ECOMM (Comm. Scheme) (N,DCB,POTT, POTT
EADVS (Advanced Setting) Y, N Y Default setting shall

Group Settings ( Phase Distance Element Reach )

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Setting Parameter Range Setting Remarks

XP1 (Zone 1 reactance (ohms, s)) 21.5111
XP2 (Zone 2 reactance (ohms, s)) 37.9531
XP3 (Zone 3 reactance (ohms, s)) 60.7331
XP4 (Zone 4 reactance (ohms, s)) 8.8565 Not used
XP5 (Zone 5 reactance (ohms, s)) Not used
RP1 (Zone 1 resistance (ohms, s)) 15.3908
RP2 (Zone 2 resistance (ohms, s)) 27.1543
RP3 (Zone 3 resistance (ohms, s)) 43.4525
RP4 (Zone 4 resistance (ohms, s)) 6.3367 Not used
RP5 (Zone 5 resistance (ohms, s)) Not used
TANGP (Phase no homogeneous correction angle 30

Group Settings (Ground Distance Element Reach)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

ARESE (Enable adaptive resistive element) Y, N N
XG1 (Zone 1 reactance (ohm)) 21.5111
XG2 (Zone 2 reactance (ohm)) 37.9531
XG3 (Zone 3 reactance (ohm)) 60.7331
XG4 (Zone 4 reactance (ohm)) 8.8565 Not used
XG5 (Zone 5 reactance (ohm)) Not used
RG1 (Zone 1 resistance (ohm)) 15.3908
RG2 (Zone 2 resistance (ohm)) 27.1543
RG3 (Zone 3 resistance (ohm)) 43.4525
RG4 (Zone 4 resistance (ohm)) 6.3367 Not used
RG5 (Zone 5 resistance (ohm)) Not used
XGPOL (Quadrilateral ground polarizing quantity) I2, IG I2
Group Settings (Zero Sequence Compensation Factor)
Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks
k0M1 (Zone 1 ZSC Factor Magnitude) (AUTO, 0.000-10)
k0A1 (Zone 1 ZSC Factor Angle) 85 deg
k0M (Forward Zones ZSC factor magnitude)
k0A (Forward Zones ZSC factor Angle) 85 deg
k0MR (Reverse Zones ZSC factor magnitude)
k0AR (Reverse Zones ZSC factor Angle) deg
Group Settings ( Distance Element common time delay)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

Z1D (Zone 1 time delay (cycles)) 0
Z2D (Zone 2 time delay (cycles)) 400 ms
Z3D (Zone 3 time delay (cycles)) 800 ms
Z4D (Zone 4 time delay (cycles)) Not used
Z5D (Zone 5 time delay (cycles)) Not used

Directional Control Element:

The E32=AUTO, as recommended in table 2.2.3, the directional setting will be

Group Settings (Directional control element)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

Order (Ground directional element priority) Combine, Q,V,I QV Defaault

Group Settings (Zone or Level Direction)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

DIR3 ( Zone3/Level3 Directional Control) F, R R
DIR4 ( Zone4/Level4 Directional Control) F, R F
DIR5 ( Zone5/Level5 Directional Control) F, R F

Group Settings ( Switch on to fault scheme)

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

EVRST (Switch-onto-fault voltage reset) Y, N Y
VRSTPU (Switch-onto-fault reset voltage) 0.6
52AEND (52A pole open time delay (cycles) OFF
CLOEND (CLSMON or single-pole open 600 Pole open at least
ESOTD (Switch-onto-fault enable duration (cycles)) 12 200ms SOTF drop
CLSMON (Close Signal Monitor) SELOGIC control INXXX Depending on

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 33kV OHL-DOUMAT AL JANDAL 1 AND 2 SET-2(7SD522-SIEMENS)

Group Settings (OUT-OF-STEP BLOCKING(PSB))

Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks

OOSB1 (Block Zone 1) Y, N Y
OOSB2 (Block Zone 2) Y, N Y
OOSB3 (Block Zone 3) Y, N Y
OOSB4 (Block Zone 4) Y, N Y
OOSB5 (Block Zone 5) Y, N Y

Group Settings (Trip Scheme)

ECOMM= POTT, hence the POTT scheme is enabled, below Setting are recommendedfor Current reversal and Weak end in-
Setting Parameter Setting Range Setting Remarks
Z3RBD (Zone 3 reverse block time delay (cycles)) 3 TBC
EBLKD (Echo block time delay (cycles)) 10 TBC
ETDPU (Echo time delay pickup (cycles)) 2 TBC
EDURD ( Echo duration time delay 10 TBC
EWFC (Weak infeed trip) Y, N, SP N TBC
PT1 (General permissive trip received) SELOGIC equation INxxx Depending on
EPTDIR (Enable directional element Y, N N

* To be checked during commissioning

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