INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL

Previous Year Questions (2000-2020)

2000 IIT Kharagpur (1 Mark)

Q.1 For a feedback control system to be stable, the

(A) Roots of the characteristic equation should be real
(B) Poles of the closed-loop transfer function should lie in the left half of the complex plane
(C) Bode plots of the corresponding open-loop transfer function should monotonically decrease.
(D) Poles of the closed-loop transfer function should lie in the right half of the complex plane.

Q.2 Select the correct statement from the following

(A) The frequency response of a pure capacity process is unbounded.
(B) The phase lag of a pure time delay system decreases with increasing frequency.
(C) The amplitude ratio of a pure capacity process is inversely proportional to the frequency.
(D) The amplitude ratio of a pure time delay system increases with frequency.
1
Q.3 The unit step response of the transfer function
s  2s  3
2

(A) Has a non-zero slope at the origin (B) Has a damped oscillatory characteristic
(C) Is over damped (D) Is unstable
2s  1
Q.4 The unit step response of the transfer function reaches its steady state asymptotically
(3s  1)(4s  1)
after
(A) A monotonic after (B) A monotonic decrease
(C) Initially increasing and then decreasing (D) Initially decreasing and then increasing

2000 IIT Kharagpur (2 Marks)

Q.5 The time constant of a unit gain, first order plus time delay process is 5 min. If the phase lag at a
frequency of 0.2 rad/min is 60 0 , then the dead time (in min) is
5   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 6 12 3
(s  1)
Q.6 The initial value (t  0 ) of the unit step response for the transfer function is
(2s  1)
1
(A) Zero (B) (C) 1 (D) 2
2

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2001 IIT Kanpur (1Mark)

Q.7 The inherent characteristics of an equal percentage valve relating flow rate q with valve stem
movement x is described by the equation
dq dq dq k dq
(A) k (B)  kq (C)  (D)  kq 2
dx dx dx q dx

Q.8 A process is initially at steady state with its output y  1 for an input u  1 . The input is suddenly

changed to 2 at time t  0 . The output response is y (t)  1  2t . The transfer function of the process is

2 2 2 1 2 
(A) (B) 1  (C) 1  (D) 1  
s s2 s s s

Q.9 The calibration data of a thermocouple with its cold junction at 0 0 C are given below:

Hot junction temperature (0 0 C ) 0 20 40 60 80 100

Thermo emf (mV) 0.00 0.80 1.61 2.43 3.26 4.10

The hot junction of the thermocouple is placed in a bath at 80 C while its cold junction is at 20 0 C .
0

What is the emf of thermocouple?

(A) 3.26 mV (B) 0.80 mV (C) 2.46 mV (D) 2.43 mV

2001 IIT Kanpur (2 Marks)

1 1
Q.10 A second order system can be obtained by connecting two first order systems and in
(1s  1) (  2s  1)

series. The damping ratio of the resultant second order system for the case 1  2 will be

(A) >1 (B) =1 (C) <1 (D)  2 / 1

Q.11 The block diagram of an integrating level process is given below. For unit step change in the set
point h set =1 with d  0 , the offset exhibited by the system is

Kc 1 2K c
(A) (B) (C) 0 (D)
1 Kc 1 Kc 1 Kc

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Q.12 An ideal PID controller has the transfer function 1  1/ (0.5s)  0.2s  .The frequency at which the

magnitude ratio of the controller is 1, is

1
(A) 0.5/0.2 (B) 0.2/0.5 (C) 0.2  0.5 (D)
0.2  0.5

2002 IISc Bangalore (1 Mark)

Q.13 A first order system with unity gain and time constant  is subjected to a sinusoidal input of
1
frequency  = . The amplitude ratio for this system is

1
(A) 1 (B) 0.5 (C) (D) 0.25
2
Q.14 The closed-loop poles of a stable second order system could be
(A) Both real and positive
(B) Complex conjugate with positive real parts
(C) Both real and negative
(D) One real positive and the other real negative

2002 IISc Bangalore (2 Marks)

Q.15 The frequency response of first order system has phase shift with lower and upper bounds given by

    
(A)  ,  (B)   , 
 2  2 2

    
(C)   , 0  (D) 0,  
 2   2

2003 IIT Madras (1 Mark)

Q.16 Suppose that the gain, the constant, and dead time of a process with the following transfer function
G C (s)  10exp (0.1s) / (0.5s  1)

are known with a possible error of  20% of their values. The largest permissible gain K C of a

proportional controller needs to be calculated by taking the values of process gin, time constant and
dead time as
(A) 8, 0.6, 0.08 (B) 12, 0.6, 0.12 (C) 8, 0.6, 0.12 (D) 12, 0.4, 0.08

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Q.17 Water is flowing through a series of four tanks and getting heated as shown in figure. If is desired to
design a cascade control scheme for controlling the temperature of water leaving the Tank 4 as there
is a disturbance in the temperature of a second stream entering the Tank 2.
Select the best place to take the secondary measurement for the secondary loop.

(A) Tank 1 (B) Tank 2 (C) Tank 3 (D) Tank 4

Q.18 Match the measured process variables with list of measuring devices given below:

List-I (Measured process variable) List-II (Measuring device)

P. Temperature 1. Bourdon tube element

Q. Pressure 2. Orifice plates

R. Flow 3. Infrared analyzer

S. Liquid level 4. Displacer devices

T. Composition 5. Pyrometer

Codes: P Q R S T

(A) 5 1 2 4 3

(B) 3 1 4 2 5

(C) 1 3 4 2 5

(D) 3 1 2 4 5

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2003 IIT Madras (2 Mark)

Q.19 Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the
help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. the types of valve and controller action
to be recommended are

(A) Air to open valve with the controller direct acting.

(B) Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting.

(C) Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting.

(D) Air to close valve with the controller direct acting.

Q.20 In the feed forward control scheme, which of the following is not true?

1. It is insensitive to modeling errors

2. It cannot cope with unmeasured disturbances

3. It waits until the effect of the disturbance has been felt system before control action is taken

4. It requires good knowledge of the process model

5. It requires identification of all possible disturbances and their direct measurement.

(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1 and 4 (C) 2 and 5 (D) 3 and 4

Q.21 Match the type of controller given in Group-II that is most suitable for each application given in
Group-I.

Group I Group II

P. Distillation column bottoms level to be controlled with bottom

1 P control
flow

Q. Distillation column pressure to be controlled by manipulating

2 PI control
vapor flow from top plate

R. Flow control of a liquid from a pump by positioning the valve in

3 PID control
the line

S. Control of temperature of a CSTR with coolant flow in the jacket

(A) P-1, Q-1, R-2, S-3 (B) P-2, Q-2, R-3, S-3

(C) P-2, Q-2, R-1, S-1 (D) P-2, Q-3, R-2, S-3

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Q.22 Find the ultimate gain and frequency for a proportional controller in the case of a process having the
following transfer function.

1
G p (s) 
(4s  1)(2s  1)(s  1)

1 45 7 46
(A)   ; KC  (B)   ; KC 
14 7 14 6 3

7 45
(C)   1; K C  13 (D)   ; KC 
8 4

Q.23 Water is entering a storage tank at a temperature T0 and flow rate Q0 and leaving at a flow rate Q

and temperature T. There are negligible heat losses in the tank. The area of Cross-section of the tank
is A C . The model that describes the dynamic variation of water temperature in the tank with time is

given as

dT dT
(A) Q0 (T0  T)  A C h (B) Q 0 T0  QT  A C h
dt dt

dT d(Th)
(C) Q  T0  T   A C h (D) Q  T0  T   A C
dt dt

2004 IIT Delhi (1 Mark)

t
Q.24 For the time domain function f (t)  t, the Laplace transform of  f (t) dt
0
is given by

1 2
(A) (B)
2s3 s3
1 2
(C) (D)
s3 s2

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2004 IIT Delhi (2 Marks)

Q.25 For the block diagram shown below.

The characteristic equation is

(A) Is(ps  1)  K c K p (I  1)eds  0

(B) (ms  1)(ps  1)  K m K peds  0

(C)

(D)

Q.26 The process and disturbance transfer functions for a system are given by

Y(s) 2 Y(s) 1
G p (s)   and G p (s)  
m(s) (2s  1)(5s  1) d(s) (2s  1)(5s  1)

The feed forward controller transfer function that will keep the process output constant for changes
in disturbance is

2 (2s  1) 2 (5s  1) 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) (2s  1) (5s  1)
(2s  1) 2 (5s  1) 2 2

Q.27 Consider a system with open-loop transfer function

1
G(s) 
(s  1)(2s  1)(5s  1)
Match the range of  (frequency) in Group-I with the slope of the asymptote of the log AR
(amplitude ratio) versus log  plot in Group-II
Group I Group II
P. 0<  <0.2 1. –5
Q.  >1 2. –3
3. –2
4. –1
5. Zero

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(A) P - 5, Q - 2 (B) P - 4, Q – 2 (C) P - 5, Q – 3 (D) P - 4, Q – 1
Q.28 The experimental response of the controlled variable Y(t) for step change of magnitude P, in the
manipulated variable X(t) is shown below.

The appropriate transfer function of the process is

(Q / P)e  (Q/R )s (Q / R)e ds (Q / P)e ds (Q / R)e  (P/Q)s

(A) (B) (C) (D)
d s  1  Q / P  s  1  Q / R  s  1 ds  1

Q.29 Match first order system given in Group-I with the appropriate time constant in Group- II

Group I Group II

Thermometer (mCp )
P. 1.
(hA)
Mixing q
Q. 2.
V
V
3.
q
hA
4.
(mCp )

(A) P-4, Q-2 (B) P-4, Q-3 (C) P-1, Q-2 (D) P-1, Q-3

2005 IIT Bombay (1 mark)

Q.30 Cascade control comes under the control configuration which uses
(A) One measurement and one manipulate variable
(B) More than one measurement and one manipulate variable
(C) One measurement and more than one manipulate variable
(D) More than one measurement and more than on manipulate variable.
Q.31 The control valve characteristics is selected such that the product of process gain and the valve gain
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(A) Is a linearly increasing function of the manipulate variable

(B) Is a linearly decreasing function of the manipulate variable

(C) Remains constant the value of the manipulated variable changes

(D) Is an exponentially increasing function of the manipulate variable

Q.32 An example of an open-loop second order under damped system is

(A) Liquid level in a tank

(B) U - Tube manometer

(C) Thermocouple in a thermo-well

(D) Two non–interacting first order systems in series

Q.33 The unit step response of a first order system with time constant  and steady state gain K P is

K P e t / 

(A) K P 1  e t/   
(B) K P 1  e t/   
(C) K p 1  e2t/   (D)


2005 IIT Bombay (2 Marks)

Q.34 The value of ultimate period of oscillation Pu is 3 min and that of the ultimate controller gain K cu is

2. Select the correct set of tuning parameters (Controller gain K c , the derivative time constant  D in

minute, and the integral time constant  I in minute) for a PID controller using Ziegler – Nichols

controller settings.

(A) K c  1.1; I  2.1, D  1.31 (B) K c  1.5; I  1.8, D  0.51

(C) K c  1.5; I  1.8, D  0.51 (D) K c  1.2; I  1.5, D  0.38

20
Q.35 Given the process transfer function G p  and controller transfer function G C  K C and
(s  2)
assuming the transfer function of all other elements in the control loop are unity, select the range of
K C for which the closed – loop response will be stable.

1 1
(A) K C  (B) K C 
10 100

1 1 1
(C)  KC  (D) K C 
100 10 10

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Q.36 Given the characteristic equation below, select the number of roots which will be located to the right
of the imaginary axis s 4  5s3  s 2  17s  12  0
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Zero
Q.37 Given the process transfer function G p  4 / (s  1) 2 and disturbance transfer function G d  2(s  1),

select the correct transfer function for the feed forward controller for perfect disturbance rejection.

(A) 2( s  1) (B) – 1 (C) 0.5(s  1) (D) (s  1) 2

Q.38 Match the process variables in Group-I given below, with the measuring devices in Group-II.
Group-I Group-II
P. High temperature 1. Orifice meter

Q. Flow 2. Chromatograph

R. Composition 3. Radiation pyrometer

4. Bi-metallic Thermometer

(A) P-1, Q-2, R-3 (B) P-1, Q-3, R-2 (C) P-3, Q-1, R-2 (D) P-4, Q-2, R-1

2006 IIT Kharagpur (1 Mark)

Q.39 The control valve characteristics for three types of control vales (P, Q and R) are given in the figure
below. Match the valve with its characteristics.

(A) P -Quick opening, Q-Linear, R-Equal percentage

(B) P-Linear, Q-Square root, R-Equal percentage

(C) P-Equal percentage, Q-Quick opening, R-Linear

(D) P-Square root, Q-Quick opening, R-Linear

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2006 IIT Kharagpur (2 Mark)

Common Data for Questions Q.40 & Q.41

1 1
G1 (s)  G 2 (s)  and 2  21
1s  1  2s  1

When the system is excited by the sinusoidal input X(t)  sin t the intermediate response input Y =
A sin ( t   )
Q.40 For the same input, the amplitude of the output Z will be
(A) 1.00 (B) 0.62 (C) 0.42 (D) 0.32
Q.41 If the response of Y lags behind the input X by 450 and 1  1, then the input frequency  is
(A) 1 (B) (C) zero (D) –1
Common Data for Questions Q.42 & Q.43
The block diagram of a closed-loop control system is shown in the figure below. Y is the controlled
variable. D is disturbance, Ysp is the set point, G1 , G 2 and G 3 are transfer functions and K C is the

proportional controller

Q.42 Let G1 (s)  1 and G 2 (s)  G 3 (s)  1/ (s  1) . A step change of magnitude M is made in the set point.

The steady state offset of the closed –loop response Y is

M M M(K C  1)
(A) (B) (C) (D) zero
1  2K C 1 KC 1  2K C

Y(s)
Q.43 The closed loop transfer function is given by
D(s)

G 3G1 G1
(A) (B)
1  (G1G 3  G 2 )K C 1  (G1G 3  G 2 )K C

G3 G3
(C) (D)
1  (G1  G 2 )G 3 K C 1  (G1G 3  G 2 )K C

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Q.44 A process is perturbed by a sinusoidal input U(t)  A sin t . The resulting process output is

KA
Y(s)  . If Y(0)  0 , the differential equation representing the process is
(s  1)(s 2  2 )

dy(t) dy(t)
(A)  y(t)  Ku(t) (B)   y(t)  KAu(t)
dt dt
dy(t)  dy(t) 
(C)   y(t)  Ku(t) (D)    y(t)   KAu(t)
dt  dt 

Q.45 A 2-input, 2-output process can be described in the Laplace transform domain as given below
(1s  1)Y1 (s)  K1U1 (s)  K 2 U 2 (s)

(2s  1)Y2 (s)  K 3 U 2 (s)  K 4 Y1 (s)

Where U1 and U 2 are the input and Y1 and Y2 are the output. The gains of the transfer functions

Y1 (s) / U 2 (s) and Y2 (s) / U 2 (s) , respectively are

(A) K 2 and K 3 (B) K1 and K 3  K 2 K 4

(C) K 2 and K 3  K1K 4 (D) K 2 and K 3  K 2K 4

Q.46 A liquid level control system is configured as shown in the figure below. If the Level Transmitter
(LT) is direct acting and the pneumatic control valve is air to open, what kind of control action
should the controller (LC) have and why?

(A) Direct acting since the control valve is direct acting.

(B) Reverse acting since the control valve is reverse acting.

(C) Direct acting since the control valve is reverse acting.

(D) Reverse acting since the control valve is direct acting.

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Q.47 The Laplace transform of the input function X(t), given in the figure below, is given by

(A)
1
2s 2
1  e2s  (B)
1
2s 2
1  e2s  (C)
1
2s 2
1  e2s  (D)
1
s2
1  e2s 
2007 IIT Kanpur (1 Mark)

Q.48 An operator was told to control the temperature of a reactor at 60 0 . The operator set the set-point of

the temperature controller at 60 0 . The scale actually indicated 0 to 100% of a temperature range of 0

to 2000 C. This caused a runaway reaction by over pressurizing the vessel, which resulted in injury
to the operator. The actual set-point temperature was

(A) 200 0 C (B) 60 0 C (C) 120 0 C (D) 100 0 C

2007 IIT Kanpur (2 Marks)

Common Data for Questions Q.49 & Q.50

A cascade control for pressure control is shown in the figure given below. The pressure transmitter has a

range of 0 to 6 bar (g) and the flow transmitter range is 0 to 81 nm 3 /h . The normal flow rate through the

valve is 32.4 nm 3 /h corresponding to the value of set point for pressure = 1 bar (g) and to give the flow, the
valve must be 40% opened. The control valve has linear characteristics and is fail- open (air to close) Error,
set point and control variable are expressed in percentage transmitter output (%TO). Proportional gain is
expressed in the unit of per cent controller output (CO%TO).

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Q.49 Given that the actual tank pressure is 4 bar (g) and a proportional controller is employed for
pressure control the proportional band setting of the pressure controller required to obtain a set

point the flow controller equal to 54 nm 3 /h is

(A) 50% (B) 100% (C) 150% (D) 187%

Q.50 The bias values for the two controllers, so that no offset occurs in either controller are

(A) Pressure controller: 40% flow controller: 60%

(B) Pressure controller: 33% flow controller: 67%
(C) Pressure controller: 67% flow controller: 33%
(D) Pressure controller: 60% flow controller: 40%
Q.51 The types of action for two controllers are
(A) Direct acting for the pressure control and direct acting for the flow control
(B) Indirect acting for the pressure control and indirect acting for the flow control
(C) Direct acting for the pressure control and indirect acting for the flow control
(D) Indirect acting for the pressure control and direct acting for the flow control
Q.52 The first two rows of Routh’s tabulation of a third order equation are

s3 2 2
2
s 4 4

Select the correct answer from the following choices

(A) The equation has root in the right half s-plane
(B) The equation has two root on the left j-axis at s = j and –j .The third root is the left half plane
(C) The equation has two root on the j-axis at s = 2j and –2j .The third root is in the left half plane
(D) The equation has two root on the j-axis at s = 2j and –2j .The third root is in the right half plan
Q.53 Consider the following instrumentation diagram for chemical reactor. Csp represents a concentration
set-point.

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Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the given below the lists:
List-I List-II
P. Control strategy 1. Feed forward control
Q. Primary control variable 2. Cascade control
R. Slowest controller 3. Concentration in the reactor
S. Fastest controller 4. Reactor temperature
5. Jacket temperature
6. Concentration controller
7. Reactor temperature controller
8. Jacket temperature controller
9. Flow controller
10. Selective control
Codes: P Q R S
(A) 2 3 6 9
(B) 1 4 8 7
(C) 1 7 9 6
(D) 1 8 5 9
Q.54 Match the transfer function with the responses to a unit step input shown in the figure.

2.5(4s  1) 2e 10s 5 0.1 4s  3

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
4s 2  4s  1 10s  1 20s  1 s 2s  1

Codes: 1 2 3 4 5
(A) E C A D B
(B) A B C D E
(C) B A C E D
(D) E A C B D

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Q.55 The dynamic model for a mixing tank open to atmosphere at its top as shown below is to written.
The objective of mixing is to cool the hot water stream entering the tank at a flow rate q 2 and feed
temperature of Ts with a cold-water feed stream entering the tank at a flow rate q1 and feed
temperature of T0 . A water stream is drawn from the tank bottom at a flow rate of q 4 by a pump and
the level in the tank is proposed to be controlled by drawing another water stream at a flow rate q 3
Neglect evaporation and other heat losses from the tank

The dynamic model for the tank is given as

dV dT
(A)  q1  q 2  q 3 , V  q1T0  q 2Ts  q 3T
dt dt
dV d(VT)
(B)  q1  q 4 ,  q1TS  q 4T
dt dt
dV d(VT)
(C)  q1  q 2  q 4 ,  q1T0  q 2 TS  q 4T
dt dt
dV d(VT)
(D)  q1  q 2  q 3  q 4 ,  q1 (T0  T)  q 2 (TS  T)
dt dt

2008 IISc Bangalore (2 Marks) (1 Marks : No Questions)

Common Data for Questions Q.56 & Q.57

The cross-over frequency associated with a feedback loop employing a proportional controller to
2eS
control the process represented by the transfer function G p (S)  , (unit of time is minute) of
(S  1) 2
found to be 0.6 rad/min. Assume that the measurement and value transfer functions are unity

Q.56 If the control loop is to operate at a gain margin of 2.0, gain of the proportional controller must equal

(A) 0.85 (B) 2.87 (C) 3.39 (D) 11.50

Q.57 The time constant  (in min) is

(A) 1.14 (B) 1.92 (C) 3.23 (D) 5.39

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Q.58 Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.

List-I List-II

P. Ziegler-Nichols 1. Process reaction curve

Q. Under damped response 2. Decay ratio

R. Feed forward control 3. Frequency response

4. Disturbance measurement

Codes: P Q R
(A) 3 2 4
(B) 1 2 4
(C) 3 4 2
(D) 1 4 2
Q.59 Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.

List-I List-II

P. Temperature 1. Hot wire anemometry

Q. Pressure 2. Strain gauge

R. Flow 3. Chromatographic analyzer

4. Pyrometer

Codes: P Q R

(A) 1 2 3

(B) 4 1 3

(C) 1 2 4

(D) 4 2 1

Q.60 Which one of the following transfer function corresponds to an inverse response process with a
positive gain?
1 2 2 5
(A)  (B) 
2s  1 3s  1 s  1 s  10
3(0.5s  1) 5 3
(C) (D) 
(2s  1)(s  1) s  1 2s  1

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Q.61 A tank of volume 0.25 m3 and height 1 m has water flowing in at 0.05 m3 /min. The outlet flow rate is
governed by the relation Fout  0.1h , where, h is the height of the water in the tank in meter and Fout is

the outlet flow rate in m3 / min . The inlet flow changes suddenly from its nominal value of 0.05
m3 / min to 0.15 m3 / min and remains there. The time (in min) at which the tank will begin to
overflow is given by
(A) 0.28 (B) 1.01 (C) 1.73 (D) infinite
(s  2)
Q.62 A unit step input is given to a process that is represented by the transfer function . The initial
(s  5)
value of the response of the process to the step input is
(A) 0 (B) 2/5 (C) 1 (D) infinite

Q.63 The unit impulse response of a first order process is given by 2e0.5t . The gain and time constant of
the process are, respectively
(A) 4 and 2 (B) 2 and 2 (C) 2 and 0.5 (D) 1 and 0.5

2009 IIT Roorkee (1 Mark)

Q.64 The roots of the characteristic equation of an under damped second order system are.
(A) Real, negative and equal
(B) Real, negative and unequal
(C) Real, positive and unequal
(D) Complex conjugates
Q.65 Which one of the following sensors is used for the measurement of temperature in a combustion
process (T  18000 C) ?

(A) Type J thermocouple (B) Thermistor

(C) Resistance temperature detector (D) Pyrometer

2009 IIT Roorkee (2 Marks)

Q.66 For a tank of cross-sectional area 100 cm 2 and inlet flow rate ( Q i in cm 3 / s ), the outlet flow rate (

Q0 in cm3 / s ) is related to the liquid height(H in cm) as Q0 =3 H (see figure below)

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H(s)
Then the transfer function (over bar indicates deviation variables) of the process around the
Qi (s)

steady state point, Q=18 cm 3 / s and H=36 cm, is

1 2 3 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
100s  1 200s  1 300s  1 400s  1
Q.67 The block diagram for a control system is shown below.

For a unit step change in the set point, R(s) the steady state offset in the output Y(s) is
(A) 0.2 (B) 0.3 (C) 0.4 (D) 0.5
Q.68 The characteristic equation of a closed-loop system using a proportional controller with gain K C is

12s3  19s2  8s  1  KC  0

At the onset of instability, the value of K is

(A) 35/3 (B) 10 (C) 25/3 (D) 20/3
1
Q.69 The inverse Laplace transform of is
2s  3s  1
2

t t t t
t t t t
(A) e  e
2
(B) 2e  e
2
(C) e  2e 2
(D) e e 2

2010 IIT Guwahati (1 Mark)

Q.70 The transfer function G(s) whose asymptotic Bode diagram is shown below, is

(A) 10s + 1 (B) s – 10 (C) s + 10 (D) 10s – 1

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Q.71 Flow measuring instruments with different with different specifications (Zero and span) are
available for an application that requires flow rate measurements in the range of 300L/h to 400L/h.
The appropriate instrument for this application is the one whose specifications are.
(A) Zero = 175 L/h, span = 150 L/h (B) Zero = 375 L/h, span = 100 L/h
(C) Zero = 275 L/h, span = 150 L/h (D) Zero = 475 L/h, span = 100 L/h
Q.72 Match the location of the poles/zeros in the s-plane listed in Group-I, with the system response
characteristics in Group-II.

Group- I Group-II

P Pole in the right half plane 1 Stable response

Q Pole at origin 2 Integrating response

R Zero in the right half plane 3 Unstable response

4 Inverse response

Codes: P Q R
(A) 1 2 3
(B) 3 4 1
(C) 3 2 4
(D) 1 4 3

2010 IIT Guwahati (2 Marks)

Q.73 Consider the process as shown below:

A constant head pump transfers a liquid flow from a tank maintained at 20 psi to a reactor operating
at 100 psi, through a heat exchanger and a control value. At the design conditions, the liquid flow
rate is 1000 L/min, while the pressure drop across the heat exchanger is 40 psi, and that across the
control valve is 20 psi. Assume that the pressure drop across the heat exchanger varies as the square
of the flow rate. If the is reduced to 500 L/min, then the pressure drop across the control valve is
(A) 30 psi (B) 50 psi (C) 80 psi (D) 150 psi

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Q.74 Consider the cascade configuration shown in the figure below:

The system is stable when K c,2

(A) 3/4 (B) 1 (C) 5/4 (D) 3/2

Q.75 A block diagram for a control system is shown below.

The steady state gain of the closed-loop system, between output y(s) and set point R(s), is
(A) 5/9 (B) 4/9 (C) 1/3 (D) 2/9

2011 IIT Madras (1 Marks)

Q.76 The range of standard current signal in process instruments is 4 to 20 mA. Which one of the
following is the reason for choosing the minimum signal as 4 mA instead of Zero?
(A) To minimize resistive heating in instruments.
(B) To distinguish between signal failure and minimum signal condition.
(C) To ensure a smaller difference between maximum and minimum signals.
(D) To ensure compatibility with other instruments.
Q.77 Match the process parameters in Group-I with the measuring instruments in Group-II
Group-I Group-II
P. Flame temperature I. Thermocouple
Q. Composition of LPG II. Radiation Pyrometer
R. Liquid air temperature III. Gas chromatograph

(A) P-III, Q-1, R-II (B) P-I, Q-III, R-II

(C) P-II, Q-III, R-I (D) P-II, Q-I, R-III

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2011 IIT Madras (2 Marks)

Common Data for Questions Q.78 & Q.79

A PID controller output p(t), in time domain, is given by

t de(t)
p(t)  30  5e(t)  1.25 e(t)dt  15
0 dt
Where, e(t ) in the error at time t. The transfer function of the process to be controlled
10
G p (s) 
(200s  1)
The measurement of the controlled variable is instantaneous and accurate.

Q.78 The characteristic equation of the closed-loop is

(A) 6s 2  102s  1  0 (B) 700s 2  102s  25  0

(C) 100s 2  196s  25  0 (D) 240s 2  812s  204s  1  0

Q.79 The transfer function of the controller is

5(12s 2  4s  1) 5(12s 2  3s  1) 5(12s 2  4s  1) 5(12s 2  3s  1)

(A) (B) (C) (D)
3s 3s 4s 4s
Q.80 The following diagram shows a CSTR with two control loops. A liquid phase, endothermic reaction
is taking place the CSTR and the system is initially at steady state. Assume that the changes in
physical properties of the system are negligible.

TC = Temperature controller
LC = Level controller
TT = Temperature transmitter
LT =Level transmitter

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V1 And V2 Control valves

Which one of the following statements is true?

(A) Changing the level controller set point affects the opening of V2 ONLY.

(B) Changing the temperature controller set point affects the opening of V2 ONLY.

(C) Changing the temperature controller set point affects the opening of both V1 and V2 .

(D) Changing the level controller set point affects the opening of both V1 and V2

2012 IIT Delhi (1 Mark)

Q.81 The Bode stability criterion is applicable when

(A) Gain and phase curves both decreases continuously with frequency
(B) Gain curve increases and phase curve decreases with frequency
(C) Gain curve and phase both increases with frequency
(D) Gain curve decreases and phase curve increases with frequency

Q.82 The thermometer initially at 1000 C is dipped at t = 0 into an oil bath maintained at 1500 C . If the

recoded temperature is 1300 C after 1 min, that the time constant of thermometer (in min) is
(A) 1.98 (B) 1.35 (C) 1.26 (D) 1.09

2012 IIT Delhi (2 Marks)

Q.83 The block diagram of a system will proportional controller is shown below.

A unit step input is introduced in the set point, the value of K C to provide a critically damped

response for U=0, p  8 and m  1 is

(A) 3.34 (B) 2.58 (C) 1.53 (D) 1.12

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Q.84 The characteristic equation for the system is s3  9s2  26s  12(2  KC )  0 Using Routh test, the value

of K C that will keep the system on the verge of instability is

(A) 20.9 (B) 18.4 (C) 17.5 (D) 15.3

Q.85 A thermocouple having linear relationship between 0 0 C and 350 0 C shows an emf of zero and 30.5

mV respectively at these two temperatures. If the cold juncture temperature is shifted from 00 C and

30 0 C , then the emf correction (in mV) is

(A) 3.13 (B) 2.92 (C) 2.61 (D) 2.02

2013 IIT Bombay (1 Mark)

Q.86 Match the following:

GROUP - I GROUP-II

P. Viscosity 1. Pyrometer

Q. Pressure 2. Hot wire anemometer

R. Velocity 3. Rheometer

S. Temperature 4. Piezoelectric element

(A) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2 (B) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2

(C) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1 (D) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1

2013 IIT Bombay (2 Marks)

Common Data for Questions Q.87 & Q.88

5
Consider the following transfer function G p (s)  .
(2s  1) 4

(Note: the unit of the process time constant is in seconds.)

Q.87 For the computation of Ziegler-Nichols settings, the ultimate period (in sec/cycle) and the ultimate
gain are
(A)  and 0.8, respectively (B) 4  and 0.8, respectively
(C) 4  and 1.25, respectively (D)  and 1.25, respectively
Q.88 The crossover frequency (in rad/s) of the process is
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(A) 20 (B) 0.1 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.05
Q.89 A control valve, with a turn down ratio of 50 follows equal percentage characteristics. The flow rate
of a liquid through the valve at 40% stem position is 1m 3 /h .What will be the flow rate in m3 /h at

50% stem position if the pressure drop across the valve remains unchanged? (Up to 2 digits after the
decimal point)
Q.90 A unit gain 2nd order under damped process has a period of oscillation 1 second and decay ration
0.25. The transfer function of the process is
1 1
(A) (B)
0.024s  0.067s  1
2
0.067s  0.024s  1
2

1 1
(C) (D)
0.021s  0.1176s  1
2
0.1176s  0.021s  1
2

2014 IIT Kharagpur (1 Mark)

Q.91 Assume that an ordinary mercury-in-glass thermometer follows first order dynamics with a time
constant of 10s. It is at a steady state temperature of 0 0 C . At time t=0, the thermometer is suddenly
immersed in a constant temperature bath at 1000 C . The time required (in second) for the
thermometer to read 950 C , approximately is
(A) 60 (B) 40 (C) 30 (D) 20
Q.92 A unit impulse response of a first order system with time constant  and steady K P is given by

1 t/ KP  t/
(A) e (B) K P e  t /  (C) K P e  t /  (D) e
KP 

Q.93 Integral of the time – weighted absolute error (ITAE) is expressed as

   
( ) ( )
   t (t)dt t (t)dt
2
2
dt dt
(A) 0
t (B) 0
t (C) 0 (D) 0

2014 IIT Kharagpur (2 Marks)

Q.94 Consider the following block diagram for a closed-loop feedback control system

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A proportional controller is being used with K c  4 . If a step change in disturbance of magnitude 2

affects the system, then the value of the offset is _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2
Q.95 A process with transfer function G p  is to be controlled by a feedback proportional controller
s 1
with a gain K c . If the transfer function of all other elements in the control loop is unit, then which

ONE of the following conditions produces a stable closed loop response?

(A) K c  0.25 (B) 0  K c  0.25 (C) 0.25  K c  0.5 (D) K c  0.5

Q.96 Given below is a simplified block diagram of a feed forward control system.

5
The transfer function of the process is G P  and the disturbance transfer function is
s 1
5
Gd  . The transfer function of the PERFECT feed forward controller, G f (S) is
s  2s  1
2

5 5 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 5(s  1)
(s  1)3 (s  1) 5(s  1)
Q.97 A step change of magnitude 2 is introduced into a system having the following transfer function:
2
G(s) 
s  2s  4
2

The percent overshoot is _______.

2015 IIT Kanpur (1 Mark)

Q.98 The transfer function for the disturbance response in an open-loop process is given by G open
d (s) . The

corresponding transfer function for the disturbance response in closed-loop feedback control system
with proportional controller is given by G closed
d (s) Select the option that is always correct

{ O[G(s)] represents order of transfer function}

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(A) O G open
d (s)  O G closed
d (s)

(B) O G open
d (s)  O G closed
d (s)

(C) O G open
d (s)  O G closed
d (s)

(D) O G open
d (s)  O G closed
d (s)

Q.99 Match the output signals as obtained from four measuring devices in response to a unit step change
in the input signal. Output signal time

P: Gas chromatograph, with a long capillary tube

Q: Venturi tube
R: Thermocouple with first order dynamics
S: Pressure transducer with second order dynamics
(A) P-IV, Q-III, R-II, S-I (B) P-II, Q-I, R-H, S-IV
(C) P-IV, Q-I, R-II, S-III (D) P-II, Q-IV, R -III, S-I

2015 IIT Kanpur (2 Marks)

Q.100 Which one of the following transfer functions, upon a unit step change in disturbance at t = 0, will
show a stable time domain response with a negative initial slope (i.e., slope at t=0)
1 2 1 2
(A) G(s)   (B) G(s)  
s 1 s  4 s 1 s  4
1 2 1 2
(C) G(s)   (D) G(s)  
s 1 s  4 s 1 s  4
Q.101 The block diagram for a process for a process with feedback control for output deviation variable h
is show in the figure below. All transfer functions are given with pre-factor of s in minutes. A unit
step change is made in the set-point at t=0. The time required for h to reach 50% of its ultimate
value, in minutes (up to two decimal places is)………..

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Q.102 Consider a control system with the open loop transfer function given by:

K c e0.3s
G OL 
1.5s  1
In the above function, pre- factor of s in minutes and Kc is the gain of proportional controller. The
frequency for phase margin of 30o is 4.04 rad/min. The value ok Kc for a gain margin of 1.7 (up to
one decimal place) is__________

2016 IIT Bangalore (1 Mark)

Q.103 A system exhibits inverse response for a unit step change in statement must necessarily be satisfied?

(A) The transfer function of the system has at least one negative pole

(B) The transfer function of the system has at least one positive pole

(C) The transfer function of the system has at least one negative zero

(D) The transfer function of the system has at least one positive zero

Q.104 What is the order of response exhibited by a U-tube manometer?

(A) Zero order (B) First order (C) Second order (D) Third order

Q.105 Match the variable in Group-I with the instruments in Group-II

Group-I Group-II

P. Conductivity meter I Flow

Q. Turbine meter II Pressure

R. Piezo resistivity element III Composition

(A) P-III, Q-I, R-III (B) P-II, Q-III, R-I (C) P-III, Q-II, R-I (D) P-III, Q-I, R-II

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2016 IISc Bangalore (2 Marks)

Q.106 For a unit step input, the response of a second order system is

 1 
t  1 2 

y(t)  K P 1  e sin 

t   
 1 2   
 

Where, K p is the steady state gain,  is the damping coefficient,  is the natural period of oscillation
  
and  is the phase lag. The overshoot of the system is exp    . For a unit step input, the
   2 
 1 
response of the system from an initial steady state condition at t = 0 is shown in the figure below.

What is the natural period of oscillation (in min) of the system?

(A) 15.9 (B) 50 (C) 63.2 (D) 100
Q.107 A PI controller with integral time constant of 0.1 min is to be designed to control a process with
transfer function
10
G P (S) 
s  2s  100
2

Assume the transfer function of the measuring element and the final control element are both unity

 G m  1, G f  1 . The gain (rounded off to the first to the first decimal place) of the controller that will

constitute the critical condition for stability of the PI feedback control system is___

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Q.108 A liquid flows through an “equal percentage” valve at a rate 2m 3 /h where the valve is 10% open.

When the valve opens to 20% the flow rate increases 3m 3 /h . Assume that the pressure drop across
the valve and the density of the liquid remain constant. When the valve opens to 50%, the flow rate
(in, rounded off to the second decimal place) is__________.

2017 IIT Roorkee (1 Mark)

Q.109 Match the variable in Group-I with the instruments in Group-II

Group-I Group-II
P. Temperature I. Capacitance probe
Q. Liquid level II. McLeod Gauge
R. Vacuum III. Chromatograph
S. Concentration IV. Thermistor
Codes: P Q R S
(A) IV III II I
(B) I III IV III
(C) IV I II III
(D) III II I IV
Q.110 An LVDE (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) is a transducer used for converting
(A) Displacement to voltage (B) Voltage to displacement
(C) Resistance to voltage (D) Voltage to current

2017 IIT Roorkee (2 Marks)

e 2S
Q.111 The open loop transfer function is given for proportional controller gain K C is G OL  KC based
S
on bode criteria for closed loop stability the ultimate gain of the controller rounded to 2 decimal
place is________

Q.112 The characteristics equation of closed loop system is 6s3  22s 2  6s  (1  K)  0 where K >0. The
value of K beyond which the system fast becomes unstable rounded to nearest integer is _________.

1
Q.113 The transfer function of a system is for unit step increase in the input, the fractional
4s  1.2s  1
2

overshoot rounded to decimal place is ________

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s 1
Q.114 The Laplace transform is L  T   . The initial and final values, respectively of the function are
s(s  2)
(A) 0 and 1 (B) 1 and 1/2 (C) 1/2 and 1 (D) 1/2 and 0

2018 IIT Guwahati (1 Mark)

2
Q.115 A first-order process having a transfer function, G P  is controlled by a proportional controller
7s  1
with gain of 3.2. The process time constant is in minutes. Addition of the integral control action with
an integral time constant of 5 minutes leads to increase in
(A) offset (B) speed of response
(C) order of the closed loop system (D) proportional band

2018 IIT Guwahati (2 Marks)

 1 2  1 2
Q.116 The decay ratio for a system having complex conjugate poles as   j  and   j  is
 10 15   10 15 

(A) 7  10 1 (B) 8  10 2 (C) 9  10 3 (D) 10  10 4

Q.117 Match the items in Column A with the items in Column B
Column A Column B

(P) Pure dead-time (I)   900

(Q) Pure capacitive (II)

(R) Inverse response (III) 0  AR  1

(S) First-order process with unit gain (IV) AR  1
Here,  denotes the phase shift, K1 and K 2 the process gains,  the time constant, and AR the

amplitude ratio.
(A) P-II, Q-III, R-IV, S-I (B) P-III, Q-II, R-IV, S-I
(C) P-I, Q-IV, R-II, S-III (D) P-IV, Q-I, R-II, S-III
Q.118 Consider the following transfer function:
3
G(s) 
(5s  1) 2
Where, the natural period of oscillation is in min. The amplitude ratio at a frequency of 0.5 rad/min
is_____________ (rounded off to second decimal place).

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Q.119 For a closed-loop system, consider the following transfer functions: process G p (s) , controller G c (s) ,

2
measuring device G m (s) , and final control element G f (s) G p (s)  ; G c (s)  2; G m (s)  1; G f (s)  1
7s  1
The offset in the closed loop response due to a unit step change introduced in the set point of the
output variable is ________.

2019 IIT Madras (1 Mark)

Q.120 The liquid flow rate through an equal percentage control valve, when fully open, is 150 gal/min and
the corresponding pressure drop is 50 psi. If the specific gravity of the liquid is 0.8, then the value
coefficient, Cv , in gal/(min psi 0.5) is _______ (rounded off to two decimal places).

Q.121 A thermocouple senses temperature based on the

(A) Nernst Effect (B) Maxwell Effect
(C) See beck Effect (D) Peltier Effect

2019 IIT Madras (2 Marks)

Q.122 Consider two non–interacting tanks in series as shown in figure. Water enters tank-1 at q cm3 /s and
drains down to tank-2 by gravity at a rate k h1 (cm3 /s) . Similarly, water drains from tank-2 by
gravity at a rate of k h 2 (cm3 /s) where h1 and h 2 represent levels of tank-1 and tank-2, respectively
(see figure). Drain valve constant k  4 cm 2.5 /s and cross – sectional areas of the two tanks are
A1  A 2  28 cm 2

At steady state operation, the water inlet flow is q ss  16 cm 3 /s . The transfer function relating the
deviation variable to flow rate is,
2 2 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(56s  1) 2 (62s  1) 2 (36s  1) 2 (49s  1) 2

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Q.123 Choose the option that correctly matches the step response curves on the left with the appropriate
transfer functions on the right. The step input change occurs at time t  0 .
Step response Transfer Function
(P) (I) K(s  1)
s(s  1)

(Q) (II) K(s  1)

(s  1)
k  0,     0

(R) (III) K
(s  1)
k  0,   0

(S) (IV) K(s  1)

(1s  1)(2s  1)

(A) P – III, Q – IV, R – II, S – I (B) P – III, Q – I, R – IV, S – II

(C) P – IV, Q – III, R – II, S- I (D) P – III, Q – II, R – IV, S – I

Q.124 For the closed loop system shown in figure, the phase margin (in degrees) is _________ (rounded off
to one decimal place).

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2020 IIT Delhi (1 Mark)

Q.125 Consider the following closed loop system with Gp and Gc as the transfer function of the process and

the controller, respectively.

For a unit step change in the set point (ysp ) , the change in the value of the response ( y ) at steady

state is _________ (round off to 1 decimal place).

Q.126 Hot-wire anemometer is used for the measurement of

(A) composition (B) flow

(c) pressure (d) temperature

2020 IIT Delhi (2 Mark)

Q.127 Flow of water through an equal percentage valve is 900 liter h 1 at 30 % opening, and 1080 liter h 1
at 35 % opening. Assume that the pressure drop across the valve remains constant. The flow rate (in
liter h 1 ) through the valve at 45 % opening is _________ (round off to nearest integer).

Q.128 Consider the following closed loop system. Gc'Gf ' and Gp are the transfer functions of the controller,

the final control element and the process, respectively. y and ysp are the response and its set point,

respectively. For a gain margin of 1.6, the design value of K C is _________ (correct up to one decimal

place).

Answer Key
1 B 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A

6 B 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 A

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11 C 12 D 13 C 14 C 15 D

16 B 17 C 18 A 19 B 20 A

21 C 22 D 23 A 24 C 25 C

26 C 27 A 28 C 29 D 30 B

31 D 32 B 33 A 34 D 35 D

36 B 37 C 38 C 39 A 40 D

41 A 42 A 43 D 44 C 45 D

46 C 47 A 48 C 49 B 50 D

51 D 52 B 53 A 54 A 55 D

56 B 57 D 58 A 59 A 60 B

61 C 62 C 63 A 64 D 65 D

66 D 67 A 68 A 69 A 70 C

71 C 72 C 73 B 74 D 75 B

76 B 77 C 78 B 79 C 80 D

81 A 82 D 83 C 84 C 85 C

86 C 87 B 88 C 89 1.4787 90 A

91 C 92 D 93 C 94 0.50 95 D

96 C 97 16.3 98 D 99 C 100 A

101 0.87 102 3.61 103 D 104 C 105 D

106 A 107 2.5 108 10.124 109 C 110 A

111 0.785 112 10 113 0.372 114 B 115 C

116 C 117 D 118 0.41 119 0.2 120 18.97

121 C 122 A 123 B 124 45.37 125 1

126 1555.09 127 0.5

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