Transport

In Plants
-
Transport rumrunner
In Plants -
mr

Plants → No
circulatory system
In Plants
Flowering
✓ ✓

Mineral
Water
Nutrients
Isogonic Plant growth
nutrients regulator
Iterated
Over short distance
Transport >

by diffusion &
cytoplasmic streaming
>

Over
>
long distance

>
( translocation
By vascular
system
Xylem → Unidirectional ( IN ater + mineral + some
organic
nitrogen + hormones ) > Foom moot to stem

Phloem → multidirectional → From leaves to eeoot

↳ In lower end
spring ,
from to buds
of
tree .

Phloem sap →
water + sucrose ( alkaline)

Means Of Transport

L S
V

Diffusion Facilitated Active

diffusion Transport
 Diffusion : (1) Passive (2) Over short distance

(3) No
energy expenditure
(4) High conc . to lower cone .

(5) Slow process

(6) Not dependent on
living system
(
(7) Obvious in gases & liquid only of gaseous
mean

transport in plant)
(8) Rate → Conc .

gradient permeability of membrane

, ,

temp . and pressure .

 EEEE-neddiffusion-o.li
For substance
having hydrophilic moiety .

(2) Special proteins

(3) No
energy expenditure
(4) Transports saturates

(5) Specific (6) Sensitive to Inhibitor

(7) Por ins → Proteins →

forms large pores in
outer membrane
&
Plas Hds mitochondria some bacteria
Aqua pouins → water channels → 8 different proteins
 membrane in
Gym pout → Both molecules cross the same
direction

Antiport → i. " " " "

indifferent direction .

Uni port → "

" " " i. independent of
other molecules .

Jloetiveteeanspoeetm : c)
specific membrane protein

(2) Uphill transport ( low conc .

→
high )
conc

(3) Saturates (4)

Very specific
(5) Sensitive to (6) Requires ATP
inhibitors
energy
 Plant Water Relations
In later melon → 92% IN ater

its
most herbaceous plants → to -15% of fresh hit .

Mature plant absorbs almost 3L in a

day
Coon → .

Mu start
plant → absorbs water equal to its
01am IN
eight in 5 hrs .

water →
limiting factor
L V

Growth Productivity
 INater Potential
v v

solute Potential ( Ys) Pressure Pot .

( Yp)

# IN ater molecules → Possess kinetic Energy

# IN ater conc T KET or water Pot T
-

g
.

Pure IN ater > Greatest IN ater pot

.

> at standard temp ( not under any

.

water pot .
→ 0
pressure]

# All solution → lower water pot than pure

.

water
Is →
Always
→e
 water
# Pressure applied > Paton →
pot . A

L in plant
# Yp →
Usually 1- ve
though
-
ve

pot . →
Plays Imp Mole )
.

Yin
,
=
Ys +
Yp
 Este.SI
Determinants movement molecule
of of
6 t
cell membrane Tono plast lilacuole
them b.)

osmo-s.is >
High conc to
. low conc . → via

differentially or selectively permeable

membrane

solute 9
# More conc . → more pressure required .

to prevent water from

#
Osmotic pressure → + ve
diffusing
osmotic pot .
→ -
ve
 Plasmolysis
Isotonic -
External solution equals osmotic

pressure of cytoplasm
cell
Hypotonic ~ External Sol .
more dilute →
sinews

cell
Hypertonic ~ External Sol . more conc .
→
shrinks

cell
Plasmolysis IN ater moves out
of cell →
-

memb .

I shrinks

usually reversible
flaccid → Isotonic solution ( equilibrium
 Turgor↳ pressure →
Hypotonic eond .

↳ ceee
enlargement
cell extension growth

solid Colloids
Imbibition : IN ater absorbed
to
by -

causing them increase in volume

s water absorption in seed

emerge out
of seedlings
s
 Long Distance Transport Of Water

# Movement of molecule → 50µm in 2.5s

Root
# Positive
hydrostatic pressure gradient →

Pressure

#
Negative hydrostatic pressure gradient → Trans
-
pi
ration

A. How do ??
plants absorb IN ater

Root hairs absorption water mineral

of
→ +

> Increases surface area .

 continues
Apo plast >
Adjacent cellmate →
except
&
Doesn't involve Caspar ian strips
(endodermis)
crossing cell membrane

> Intercellular spaces

+
lnlalls
of cells

Interconnected
t
Symplast →
Protoplast
I
Mass flow due to adhesive &

TÉÉ
cohesiie property of water
Neighbouring
IS
cells connected
s'
are
through
cytoplasmic strand
through
plasmodesmata
#
cyt-opeasmiost-eaming-Hydoil.la Leaf
# Movement of hater
Ultimately Symplastic
→

Ily coeeeehiaam :
symbiotic association Fungus → + Root of Plant
provides
Fungus
→ minerals + water
V

spirit
Roget sugar → and N -

containing compounds

Root Pressure
excess water
Guttate on → Evaporation low →

&
near
grass
Observable at blades and

early herbaceous
night &
plants
mooning
.

Do not play major role in water movement .

 Transpiration
# 15m
Xylem the
→
rate

# < I % water → used in photosynthesis .

# Stomata → Loss
of water → Transpiration
t
during day
>
coz +
Oz exchange Often
close
during night
# Opening of stomata →
Turgidity of guard
cells

# Inner wall Stomatal aperture

of guard cells →

to
thick and elastic
# Cellulose micro fibril → Oriented radially
Dicot surface
leaf
→
# → Lower More stomata
Monocots
equal stomata → both surface
>
Transpiration affected by :

o
Temp °
IN ind speed
0

Light °
No .

of stomata

Humidity Distribution of stomata

°
o

structure
°

Canopy ,
etc .

# Cohesion : Mutual attraction btw water molecules

Attraction
# Adhensionn :
of water molecules to polar
surface
 # swfacete-ns.in :
water molecules are

Attracted to each other in liq .

phase more than to water

in
gas phase .

# tennsinemstunength :
Ability to resist
pulling force .

rise in
#
Eanpinmarity Ability
: to tubes .

# Transpiration : Create pressure to lift 130M

high .
UIEEkmeofmineral-Ionsl.tn
in excl →
charged particle → cannot move

through cell me mb .

Cone mineral in soil lower than in

2.
of →

root
'

therefore ,
activeabsorption .

Some ions →
Passively in epidermal cells .

Notes : Root epidermis because of suberin layer has the

ion in
ability to
actively transport one direction
only .
 Mechanism of Translocation

Chief Sink :
Growing region of plant

ApiÉ ✓

Lateral
✓
v

meristem Young Flower ,

meristem leaves forints ,

seeds ,

storage organ
Elements readily mobilised → P , N ,
S , K

Ca
Elements not
readily mobilised →
 Pressure Flow or Mass Flow Hypothesis
Translocation of sugars from SOURCE → SINK

1. Process
of loading at source →
hypertonic
in
cond.

✓
Phloem

2. in into phloem
Invites
adjacent xylem moves

by osmosis .

3. Osmotic pressure builds up , phloem sap move

to area
of lower pressure
&
4 Active
transport to move sucrose out of phloem
into
sugar into energy
sap & cell →
,
starch or

cellulose .

✓
 I
5- osmotic
As
sugar
removed , pressure ties

and iniateo moves out

of the phloem .

EÉdnngIEImmnt : shows
tissue
phloem is the
responsible for
translocation
of food .