GRAAD 12

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

NOVEMBER 2017

MARKS: 200

TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 16 pages and a 2-page formula sheet.

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of SEVEN questions.

2. Answer ALL the questions.

3. Sketches and diagrams must be large, neat and fully labelled.

4. Show ALL calculations and round off answers correctly to TWO decimal
places.

5. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

6. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

7. Show the units for ALL answers of calculations.

8. A formula sheet is provided at the end of this question paper.

9. Write neatly and legibly.

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QUESTION 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

1.1 Give ONE example of EACH of the following:

1.1.1 Unsafe act (1)

1.1.2 Unsafe condition (1)

1.2 Describe how team work may improve work ethics. (3)

1.3 Explain how bleeding can be controlled while waiting for medical assistance. (2)

1.4 Explain how drug abuse by an employee may impact negatively on production
at the workplace. (3)
[10]

QUESTION 2: THREE-PHASE AC GENERATION

2.1 State THREE advantages of a three-phase distribution system over

a single-phase distribution system. (3)

2.2 Draw a fully labelled representation diagram of a three-phase generated

voltage waveform in a three-phase system. (5)

2.3 State ONE disadvantage of using the two-wattmeter method to measure

power in a three-phase system. (1)

2.4 A three-phase star-connected generator is rated at 25 kVA. It delivers a

current of 38 A at a power factor of 0,9 lagging.

Given:

S = 25 kVA
IL = 38 A
p.f. = 0,9 lagging

Calculate the:

2.4.1 Line voltage (3)

2.4.2 Phase voltage (3)

2.4.3 Impedance per phase (3)

2.5 Describe how Eskom could benefit if consumers improved the power factor of
their systems. (2)
[20]

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QUESTION 3: THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS

3.1 What is the purpose of a transformer? (2)

3.2 Name the type of loss that is dissipated in a transformer due to the internal
resistance in the windings. (1)

3.3 State TWO methods used to cool transformers. (2)

3.4 Describe what could happen if any one of the cooling methods used to cool
large transformers failed to perform its function. (3)

3.5 Name TWO applications of a three-phase delta-star transformer. (2)

3.6 A 120 kVA delta-star-connected transformer is used to supply power to a

clinic. It delivers 380 V on each line. The transformer has a power factor of
0,9 lagging.

FIGURE 3.6: Delta-star transformer

Given:

S = 120 kVA
V LS = 380 V
p.f. = 0,9 lagging

Determine the:

3.6.1 Secondary line current (3)

3.6.2 Secondary phase current (2)

3.6.3 Input power to the clinic (3)

3.7 Explain why the secondary winding of a step-down transformer has a thicker
wire. (2)
[20]

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QUESTION 4: THREE-PHASE MOTORS AND STARTERS

4.1 Refer to FIGURE 4.1 below and answer the questions that follow.

FIGURE 4.1: THREE-PHASE SQUIRREL-CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR

4.1.1 Name any TWO parts of the motor in FIGURE 4.1. (2)

4.1.2 Explain how the direction of rotation of this motor may be reversed. (2)

4.1.3 The stator of the motor may be connected in star or delta. Explain
which connection would develop the greatest torque. (4)

4.2 State ONE advantage of a three-phase induction motor over a single-phase

induction motor. (1)

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4.3 Refer to FIGURE 4.3 below and answer the questions that follow.

FIGURE 4.3: STATOR WINDINGS OF A THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

4.3.1 Consider the readings of the windings in FIGURE 4.3 and describe
the fault. (2)
4.3.2 Explain the fault if the resistive reading between U 2 and E taken
with a megger (insulation resistance tester) is 0 Ω. (2)
4.3.3 Describe how the insulation test between windings must be
carried out. (2)

4.4 A three-phase induction motor is connected to a 380 V/50 Hz supply.

The motor has a synchronous speed of 1 500 r/min and a slip of 6%.
Given:
VL = 380 V
f = 50 Hz
slip = 6%
Answer the following questions:
4.4.1 Calculate the rotor speed. (3)
4.4.2 Explain why the frequency of the supply is important in the operation
of motors that are connected to a load. (3)

4.5 A three-phase delta-connected motor delivers an output of 6,8 kW when

connected to a 380 V/50 Hz supply. The motor has a power factor of 0,8 and
an efficiency of 95%.
Given:
VL = 380 V
P OUT = 6,8 kW
f = 50 Hz
p.f. = 0,8
ŋ = 95%
Calculate the following at full load:
4.5.1 Apparent power (3)
4.5.2 Reactive power (5)
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4.6 FIGURE 4.6 below represents the control circuit of a sequence starter.

MC1 MC2

FIGURE 4.6: CONTROL CIRCUIT OF A SEQUENCE STARTER

4.6.1 Name ONE practical situation where two motors may be started
using the method in FIGURE 4.6. (1)

4.6.2 Describe what would happen if the contact MC 1 N/O 2 was faulty and
permanently closed. (2)

4.6.3 Describe the starting sequence of the starter under normal

conditions. (4)

4.6.4 The starter controls two different motors. Explain, with reasons,
whether the control circuit caters for two motors that are rated
differently. (4)
[40]

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QUESTION 5: RLC

5.1 Describe the term impedance with reference to an RLC circuit. (2)

5.2 FIGURE 5.2 below shows the phasor diagram of a series RLC circuit.
Answer the questions that follow.

VL = 80 V

Rotation

VR = 110 V

VC = 50 V

FIGURE 5.2: PHASOR DIAGRAM OF A SERIES RLC CIRCUIT

5.2.1 With reference to current and voltage, explain whether the circuit is
inductive or capacitive. (3)

5.2.2 Describe how an increase in frequency will affect V L . (3)

5.2.3 Calculate the total voltage. (3)

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5.3 The parallel circuit in FIGURE 5.3 below consists of a capacitor that draws
a current of 4 A, an inductor that draws a current of 6 A and a resistor
that draws a current of 5 A. The components are connected to a
240 V/50 HZ supply.

IR= 5 A IL = 6 A IC = 4 A

VTV=T 240 VV
= 240
5050 HzHz

FIGURE 5.3: RLC PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Given:

IR = 5A
IL = 6A
IC = 4A
VT = 240 V
f = 50 Hz

Calculate the:

5.3.1 Total current (3)

5.3.2 Phase angle (3)

5.3.3 Inductive reactance (3)

[20]

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QUESTION 6: LOGIC

6.1 State THREE advantages of a PLC system over a hardwired relay system. (3)

6.2 Name TWO languages used to program PLCs. (2)

6.3 Write the simplified Boolean equation for the expression below.
Use a three-variable Karnaugh map.

X=ABC+ABC+ABC+ABC + ABC (10)

6.4 Refer to FIGURE 6.4 below and determine output F.

A
≥
B
& ≥ F

&

FIGURE 6.4: GATE NETWORK (6)

6.5 Simplify the following Boolean equation by using Boolean algebra:

Q = A BC + A B C + A B C + A BC (6)

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6.6 Refer to FIGURE 6.6 below and answer the questions that follow.

FIGURE 6.6: CONTROL CIRCUIT OF A FORWARD-REVERSE STARTER

6.6.1 Draw the ladder logic diagram that will execute the same function in
a PLC system. Use the same labelling given in FIGURE 6.6. (12)

6.6.2 Give ONE example where the circuit in FIGURE 6.6 may be used in
an electrical application. (1)
[40]

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QUESTION 7: AMPLIFIERS

7.1 Explain what an operational amplifier (op amp) is. (2)

7.2 State TWO advantages of using integrated circuits (such as op amps) over
discrete components (circuits built with individual components). (2)

7.3 Describe how a differential amplifier works. (3)

7.4 Name the type of feedback found in the following circuits:

7.4.1 Amplifier circuits (1)

7.4.2 Oscillator circuits (1)

7.5 Explain the difference between positive feedback and negative feedback. (3)

7.6 Refer to FIGURE 7.6 below.

+Vcc

VIN = 0,7 V +
Output
-

-Vcc Rf = 170 kΩ

RIN = 10 kΩ

0V

FIGURE 7.6: OP AMP

Calculate the:

7.6.1 Output voltage of the amplifier (3)

7.6.2 Voltage gain of the amplifier (3)

7.7 Name TWO applications of an inverting op amp. (2)

7.8 Give ONE application of a monostable multivibrator. (1)

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7.9 Explain the main difference between a monostable multivibrator and

a bi-stable multivibrator. (4)

7.10 Redraw the input waveforms below in the ANSWER BOOK and directly below
them, on the same y-axis, draw the output waveforms of the identified circuits.
7.10.1
INTEGRATOR OP AMP

FIGURE 7.10.1: INPUT WAVEFORM FOR INTEGRATOR OP AMP (3)

7.10.2
INVERTING COMPARATOR OP AMP

0V

FIGURE 7.10.2: INPUT WAVEFORM FOR INVERTING

COMPARATOR OP AMP (3)

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7.10.3 INVERTING SCHMIDT TRIGGER OP AMP

+V Upper
Upport
threshold
Threshold
voltage
Voltage

00V Input signal

Input Signal

Lower
Lower threshold
threshold
voltage
voltage
-V

+VCC

Output
Output
00 V
Voltage
voltage

- VCC

FIGURE 7.10.3: INPUT WAVEFORM FOR INVERTING

SCHMIDT TRIGGER OP AMP (3)

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7.11 Redraw the input waveforms of an inverting summing op amp in FIGURE 7.11
below in the ANSWER BOOK and directly below them, on the same y-axis,
draw the output waveform.

FIGURE 7.11: INPUT WAVEFORMS OF AN INVERTING SUMMING OP AMP (3)

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7.12 Refer to FIGURE 7.12 below.

An input voltage of 5 V is supplied to the input of an inverting amplifier circuit

with an input resistor of 20 kΩ and a feedback resistor of 200 kΩ.
The amplifier circuit is connected to a split-power supply.

Rf = 200 kΩ

RIN = 20 kΩ

FIGURE 7.12: INVERTING OP AMP

Calculate the:
7.12.1 Output voltage of the amplifier (3)
7.12.2 Gain of the amplifier (3)

7.13 State ONE application of a Schmidt trigger. (1)

7.14 A Hartley oscillator consists of two inductors with a total inductance of 27 mH

and a capacitor of 47 µF. Calculate the resonant frequency of the oscillator.
Given:
L T = 27 mH
C T = 47 µF (3)

7.15 A RC phase-shift oscillator uses three RC networks. Assume that the resistor
value and capacitor value are the same. The values of the resistors are 25 kΩ
each and the values of the capacitors are 45 pF each. Calculate the resonant
frequency of the oscillator.
Given:
R = 25 kΩ
C = 45 pF (3)
[50]

TOTAL: 200
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FORMULA SHEET
THREE-PHASE AC GENERATION RLC CIRCUITS

Star X L = 2π fL
VL = 3 × VPH IL = IPH 1
and Xc =
VPH = IPH × Z PH 2πfC
1
Delta Fo =
2π LC
VL = VPH and IL = 3 × IPH
Series
VPH = IPH × Z PH
IT = IR = IC = IL
Power
Z = R 2 + (XL − X C )
2
P = 3 × VL × IL × Cos θ × η

S (Papp ) = 3 × VL × IL VL = I × X L

Q (PR ) = 3 × VL × IL × Sin θ VC = I × X C

Wattmeter method VT = I × Z
PT = P1 + ...PN

N = number of wattmeters
THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS
+ (VL − VC )
2 2
VT = VR
Star VT
IT =
Z
VL = 3 × VPH IL = IPH R
and Cos θ =
Z

Delta VR
Cos θ =
VT
VL = VPH and IL = 3 × IPH
X L X C VL VC 1 L
Power Q= = = = =
Z Z VS VS R C
P = 3 × VL × IL × Cos θ × η
Parallel

S = 3 × VL × IL VT = VR = VC = VL

P VR
Cos θ = IR =
S R

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VC
IC =
Q (PR ) = 3 × VL × IL × Sin θ XC

VPH(P) NP IPH(S) VL
= = IL =
VPH(S) NS IPH(P) XL
THREE-PHASE MOTORS AND STARTERS
IT = IR + (IL − IC )
2 2
Star
IR
Cos θ =
VL = 3 × VPH and IL = IPH IT
X L X C VL VC 1 L
Delta Q= = = = =
Z Z VS VS R C
IL = 3 × IPH VL = VPH AMPLIFIERS
and
Inverting amplifier
Power
VOUT R 
Gain A V = = − f 
P = 3 × VL × IL × Cos θ VIN  R IN 
R 
S (Papp ) = 3 × VL × IL VOUT = − f  VIN
 RIN 

Q (PR ) = 3 × VL × IL × Sin θ Non-inverting amplifier

V Rf
Gain A V = OUT = 1 +
PIN − losses VIN R IN
Efficiency (η) =
PIN
T = 5RC
Speed
1
fr =
60 × f n S − nR 2π LC
nS = Slip =
p and nS
 Rf 
VOUT =  1+ V
nR = n S (1 − S )  RIN  IN
 
1
fr =
2πRC 2 × N

N = number of RC stages

Summing amplifier

VOUT = −( V1 + V2 + V3 + ...VN )

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