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Resistors in Series and Parallel

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17 views

Resistors in Series and Parallel

Uploaded by

Mrpogboy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE 2024-2025

CHAPTER 12- ELECTRICITY

GRADE –10-PHYSICS
PREPARED BY-Ms. MANJUSHA VIPIN
REVIEWED BY-Ms. SANDHYA KV

Practical

Instruction-Write the following content in the right hand side of


the record book.
Experiment: 5

Determination of the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in


series and parallel.

Aim

To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series


and parallel.

Materials Required

Two resistors of different values, A battery of 6 volts, Ammeter, Plug key,


Connecting wires, A piece of sandpaper, Voltmeter, Rheostat

Theory

Resistors are said to be connected in series if their ends are joined. The potential
difference across each resistor would be different but the current would be the
same.

If two resistors are connected in series then; Resistance, R = R 1+R2

Current, I = constant

Potential difference, V = V1+V2

On applying Ohm’s law, we get, V1 = IR1, V2 =IR2


V = V1+V2

IRs = I(R1+R2)

∴ Rs = R1+R2

If the resistors are connected in parallel along with a battery, then the total current
I is calculated as a sum of the separate value of current through each branch. It is
given as:

I = I1+I2+I3+….

If two resistors, R1 and R2, in parallel, the equivalent resistance, Rp, is:

1/𝑅𝑝 =1/𝑅1 + 1/𝑅2

That is, for a set of parallel resistors, the reciprocal of their equivalent resistance
equals the sum of the reciprocals of their individual resistances. Thus, resistance
decreases in parallel combination.

Procedure

a. Series

1. With the help of circuit diagram, make the connections.

2. Do not switch on the key.

3. The ammeter should be connected in series, voltmeter in parallel, and the


rheostat in series.

4. Make the connections as shown in the experimental setup and check of +ve and -
ve terminals of the battery.

5. By inserting the key, record the ammeter and voltmeter readings.

6. Note three readings by adjusting the rheostat.

7. Note down the readings of a voltmeter by connecting it to each resistor.

8. Measure the potential difference, V1 across the first resistor by plugging in the
key.

9. Measure the potential difference, V2 across the second resistor by plugging in the
key.

10. Calculate the relationship between V, V1, and V2.

b. Parallel
1. Make all the connections as shown in the experimental setup i by keeping the key
off.

2. Insert the key when the circuit is connected appropriately.

3. For resistors R1 and R2, note three readings of ammeter and voltmeter.

4. Connect the circuit as shown in the experimental setup ii.

5. Resistors and voltmeter both are connected in parallel.

6. Record three different readings of ammeter and voltmeter and also use a rheostat.

7. Remove the key.

8. With the help of the observation table, do the calculations.

Precautions

1. The least count of voltmeter and ammeter should be calculated properly.

2.The connecting wires that are used should be thick copper wire and using
sandpaper the insulation at the end of the wires should be removed.

3. To avoid heating and change in the resistance value of the resistor, the current
should flow while taking the readings.

Result

The calculated value of Rs=

The experimental value of Rs=

Hence, it is verified that Rs=R1+R2.

The calculated value of Rp=

The experimental value of Rp =

The equivalent resistance Rp is less than the individual resistance.

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