Section “B” Paper — The Engineer in Society — Feb/March 2023

THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, SRI LANKA

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Professional Review Examination D

Section “B” Paper — Engineer inee

Society
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263%

Professional Review Examination — February/March 2023

Time Allowed: Three (03) Hours
Date: 2023 - 02 - 26 (Sunday) Time: 10.00 — 13.00 hrs

Instructions to Candidates:
Before answering questions, please read the instructions given below;

* Answer four questions only. There are four Sections and select one (1) question from each
Section
= Each question will carry 25 marks.
= Answers to each question should be written on a separate answer sheet, as each will be
marked by aseparate Examiner.
"Write your Index Number and relevant Question Number clearly on top of each answer
sheet.
* It is important that you write question numbers of which you have answered, in the cage
provided on the cover page.
"Pay attention to legibility, grammar, spelling, and punctuation marks, in addition the
relevance,organization and style of presentation.
" Answer to all questions should be in essay form, unless otherwise specified in the relevant
question.
= Rough work (if any) may be embodied in the answers, but should be struck out with a
single line. Nomarks will be given for rough work. Do not tear off any pages from answer
books.

Section 1
Question 1

(a) Engineering professionals have a direct and vital impact on the quality of life of all people.

Therefore, they must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires

adherence to the highest principle of ethical conduct. List out five of professional duties.

(b) IESL Code of Ethics Clause 2 states that engineers shall always act in such a manner as to

uphold the honor, integrity and dignity of the profession while safeguarding public interest

at all times. |
Describe with your experience how you would perform such endeavor in the industry with

examples. |
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 Section “'B” Paper — The Engineer in Society — Feb/March 2023

(c) The IESL Code of Ethics highlights the importance of continuous professional development

of engineers and shall actively assist and encourage next engineering fraternity to develop

their professional carrier. Which Clause of IESL Code of Ethics envisages this and describe

how you would undertake such endeavor.

Question 2

The primary cause for major engineering disasters in the past has been the violation of

professional ethics, and the main violations can be considered as:

i. Failure to safeguard life and property

ii. Corporate goals over-riding engineering advise and concerns

ili. Working beyond level of competence

Considering the following disasters, give examples how ethical violations had contributed to

these major engineering calamities:

(a) The Titanic

(b) Excellency Building

(c) CX-30 Robot

Section 2
Question 3

Engineers do not just work with machines, designs and electronics, they use their knowledge to
provide innovations and inventions that shape our society and enhance the way people live and

work. Discuss this statement from the Engineer’s point of view, clearly explaining the society

needs and how engineers could help such needs.

Question 4

(a) Critically analyze the statement “Lack of consistent national policies and negative political

influences will lead to improper decision making during the implementation of policies”

giving due consideration to present lapses in proposed major infrastructure developments

in Sri Lanka.

(b) Sri Lanka economy is almost bankrupt and government is expecting that IMF bailout

package will stimulate the economy out of recession. Analyze this statement by giving due
consideration to prevailing economic instability within the Country.

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 -section “B” Paper — The Engineer in Society —Feb/March 2023

Question 5

(a) Explain the importance of having good international relations and affairs among countries
to overcome global conflicts and obtaining humanitarian reliefs during major disasters like
recent earthquake in Turkey and Syria giving due consideration to related organizations

and Institutions.

“(b) Explain the negative impacts of global conflicts over Sri Lankan economy giving due

consideration to present economic crisis.

Section 3

Question 6

It is often said that manager’s primary responsibility is to oversee the operational side of an

organization while a leader needs to look after the strategic side. Having this in mind
differentiate the role, focus, orientation, attribute, world outlook and desired behavior of a

manager and a leader.

Discuss the consequences an organization would have to face, when only a manager is present
and a leader is absent.

Question 7

(a) What are the main components of a ‘Project’?

(b) Explain how PDCA Cycle can be used in effective Project Management.

(c) “When a project overruns in time to complete its agreed scope all the stakeholders of the

project could suffer opportunity costs.” Do you agree on the above statement? If so,
considering a project you had involved describe possible opportunity costs incurred to the
stakeholders.

Question 8

(a) Explain the key benefits

for the society and to the organization by adopting quality
management tools by an organization.

(b) “It is very much appropriate to establish a proper pandemic/hazard management

mechanism within your organization.” Analyze the statement by giving due consideration to
hazards, vulnerability, capacity, resilience from preparedness to mitigation in
pandemic/hazard management mechanism.
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(c) Explain main mftigatory actions adopted by Sri Lankan industries to control the
Environmental Pollution and Waste Management Mechanisms.

Section 4

Question 9

Sri Lankan economy is still centered and based on agriculture. Since pre and post-
independence, the country has been using traditional and conventional methods whilst the
neighboring countries have reached far above us in agriculture sector as they
have deployed
appropriate ICT technologies to manage the entire processes and they now reap a plethora
of
benefits as a result of Digital and Technological Transformation taken place.

Describe the above considering and illustrating with example/s known to you
from another
country and suggest how similar solution/s could be deployed in Sri Lanka
using SWOT Analysis
with reference to available and prospective technology landscape in the country.
Question 10

The International Engineering Alliance Defines Engineering as:

!
“Engineering is an activity that is essential to meeting the needs of people, economic |
development and the provision of services to society. Engineering involves the purposeful
application of mathematical and natural sciences and a body of engineering knowledge, |
technology and techniques. Engineering seeks to produce solutions whose effects
are predicted |
to the greatest degree possible in often uncertain contexts. While bringing benefits, |
engineering activity has potential adverse consequences. Engineering therefore must
be carried
out responsibly and ethically, use available resources efficiently, be economic, safeguard
health
and safety, be environmentally sound and sustainable and generally manage risks
throughout |
the entire lifecycle of a system.”
|
Using the above definition enumerate how engineers can shoulder responsibility in the |
economic revival of our country. You must give at least three detailed specific proposals
while |
enumerating the outcome of such proposals, while mitigating adverse consequences of such |
proposals.

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Question 11

Water is perhaps the most vital natural resources on the planet. It is necessary for human

survival and critical input into our food manufacturing and energy system. It also sustains the

ecosystem and climate on which both our built and natural worlds rely, today we are giving
more pressure on freshwater than ever before through general environmental management

practices.

Therefore, in our country, major stakeholders of water sector, Irrigation Department, Mahaweli

Authority of Sri Lanka and National Water Supply & Drainage Board play a vital role in managing

and distributing of water resources in an economical and equitable manner ensuring harness,
development, conservation, regulating and allocation of water supply for drinking and
sanitation etc, despite lack of a central authority for water.
Presuming that you are a water sector engineer, describe your role in attaining vision, goals and

objectives with particular reference to existing coordinating mechanisms prevailing within

provincial and national level.

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